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93,034
Air pollution and hospital admissions for pneumonia in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Cheng, MF; Tsai, SS; Wu, TN; Chen, PS; Yang, CY
2,007
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions for pneumonia in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for pneumonia and ambient air pollution data for Kaohsiung were obtained for the period of 1996-2004. The relative risk of hospital admissi...
0
191,513
Measuring, modelling and testing ozone exposure, flux and effects on vegetation in southern European conditions - What does not work? A review from Italy
Ferretti, M; Fagnano, M; Amoriello, T; Badiani, M; Ballarin-Denti, A; Buffoni, A; Bussotti, F; Castagna, A; Cieslik, S; Costantini, A; De Marco, A; Gerosa, G; Lorenzini, G; Manes, F; Merola, G; Nali, C; Paoletti, E; Petriccione, B; Racalbuto, S; Rana, G; Ranieri, A; Tagliaferri, A; Vialetto, G; Vitale, M
2,007
Ozone (O3) exposure at Italian background sites exceeds UN/ECE concentration-based critical levels (CLe(c)), if expressed in terms of AOT40. Yet the occurrence of adverse effects of O3 on forests and crops is controversial. Possible reasons include (i) ability of response indicators to provide an unbiased estimate of O...
0
196,949
Ozone degrades common herbivore-induced plant volatiles: Does this affect herbivore prey location by predators and parasitoids?
Pinto, DM; Blande, JD; Nykanen, R; Dong, WX; Nerg, AM; Holopainen, JK
2,007
Inducible terpenes and lipoxygenase pathway products, e.g., green-leaf volatiles (GLVs), are emitted by plants in response to herbivory. They are used by carnivorous arthropods to locate prey. These compounds are highly reactive with atmospheric pollutants. We hypothesized that elevated ozone (O-3) may affect chemical ...
1
199,392
Air pollution and watershed research in the central Sierra Nevada of California: Nitrogen and ozone
Hunsaker, C; Bytnerowicz, A; Auman, J; Cisneros, R
2,007
Maintaining healthy forests is the major objective for the Forest Service scientists and managers working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Air pollution, specifically ozone (O-3) and nitrogenous (N) air pollutants, may severely affect the health of forest ecosystems in the western U.S. Thus, the monitoring of ai...
0
131,208
Application of synoptic weather typing to an investigation of nocturnal ozone concentration at a maritime location, New Zealand
Khan, BA; de Freitas, CR; Shooter, D
2,007
Relationships between weather types and the air pollutants ozone (O-3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at night are explored through the analysis of two years of data from the east coast of the Auckland urban area. Principal component analysis is used to identify synoptic classes and corresponding weather types, while princi...
0
199,376
Chronic vs. short-term acute O3 exposure effects on nocturnal transpiration in two Californian oaks
Grulke, NE; Paoletti, E; Heath, RL
2,007
We tested the effect of daytime chronic moderate ozone (O-3) exposure, short-term acute exposure, and both chronic and acute O-3 exposure combined on nocturnal transpiration in California black oak and blue oak seedlings. Chronic O-3 exposure (70 ppb for 8 h/day) was implemented in open-top chambers for either 1 month ...
1
199,296
Isoprene-induced protection in tobacco plants exposed to elevated ozone concentration
Cojocariu, C; Hewitt, N; Vickers, C; Mullineaux, P; Velikova, V
2,007
null
0
199,398
Parameterization of the stomatal component of the DO3SE model for Mediterranean evergreen broadleaf species
Alonso, R; Elvira, S; Sanz, MJ; Emberson, L; Gimeno, BS
2,007
An ozone (O-3) deposition model (DO3SE) is currently used in Europe to define the areas where O-3 concentrations lead to absorbed O-3 doses that exceed the flux-based critical levels above which phytotoxic effects would be likely recorded. This mapping exercise relies mostly on the accurate estimation of O-3 flux throu...
0
180,157
Ozone risk assessment for agricultural crops in Europe: Further development of stomatal flux and flux-response relationships for European wheat and potato
Pleijel, H; Danielsson, H; Emberson, L; Ashmore, MR; Mills, G
2,007
Applications of a parameterised Jarvis-type multiplicative stomatal conductance model with data collated from open-top chamber experiments on field grown wheat and potato were used to derive relationships between relative yield and stomatal ozone uptake. The relationships were based on thirteen experiments from four Eu...
0
199,399
3-D cell-level chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of ozone-injured sunflower leaves using a new passive light microscope system
Endo, R; Omasa, K
2,007
A passive light microscope system has been developed, capable of reconstructing an extended-focus 3-D cell-level image of chlorophyll fluorescence and Phi(PSII) of intact attached leaves using a limited number of focal plane images of chlorophyll fluorescence. Using this system, the relationships between the depth of t...
0
596,412
Asthma/allergic airways disease: Does postnatal exposure to environmental toxicants promote airway pathobiology?
Plopper, CG; Smiley-Jewell, SM; Miller, LA; Fanucchi, MV; Evans, MJ; Buckpitt, AR; Avdalovic, M; Gershwin, LJ; Joad, JP; Kajekar, R; Larson, S; Pinkerton, KE; Van Winkle, LS; Schelegle, ES; Pieczarka, EM; Wu, R; Hyde, DM
2,007
The recent, dramatic increase in the incidence of childhood asthma suggests a role for environmental contaminants in the promotion of interactions between allergens and the respiratory system of young children. To establish whether exposure to an environmental stressor, ozone (O3), and an allergen, house dust mite (HDM...
1
91,254
Pediatric respiratory and systemic effects of chronic air pollution exposure: nose, lung, heart, and brain pathology
Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Franco-Lira, M; Torres-Jardon, R; Henriquez-Roldan, C; Barragan-Mejia, G; Valencia-Salazar, G; Gonzalez-Maciel, A; Reynoso-Robles, R; Villarreal-Calderon, R; Reed, W
2,007
Exposures to particulate matter and gaseous air pollutants have been associated with respiratory tract inflammation, disruption of the nasal respiratory and olfactory barriers, systemic inflammation, production of mediators of inflammation capable of reaching the brain and systemic circulation of particulate matter. Me...
0
481,588
Source identification and spatial variability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and selected heavy metals in surface water and sediment in the riverine systems of a peri-urban interface
Huang, B; Zhao, YF; Shi, XZ; Yu, DS; Zhao, YC; Sun, WX; Wang, HJ; Oborn, I
2,007
This study was conducted, using an elaborate sampling activity of surface water and sediment within an industrially developed periurban interface with a riverine system in Wuxi, Taihu Lake area, China, to address the following objectives: (i) to identify possible sources of selected nutrients such as N and P, and heavy...
0
196,882
Air pollution distribution patterns in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California: a 40-year perspective
Bytnerowicz, A; Arbaugh, M; Schilling, S; Fraczek, W; Alexander, D; Dawson, P
2,007
Since the mid-1950s, native pines in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) in southern California have shown symptoms of decline. Initial studies in 1963 showed that ozone (O-3) generated in the upwind Los Angeles Basin was responsible for the injury and decline of sensitive trees. Ambient O-3 decreased significantly by t...
0
180,387
Suitability of a combined stomatal conductance and photosynthesis model for calculation of leaf-level ozone fluxes
Op de Beek, M; Low, M; Verbeeck, H; Deckmyn, G
2,007
Currently, the most important source of uncertainty in stomatal ozone flux (FO3) modelling is the stomatal conductance (gst) factor. Hence FO3 model accuracy will strongly depend on the gst model being implemented. In this study the recently developed semi-empirical gst model of Dewar was coupled to the widely known bi...
0
196,971
Monitoring of ozone risk for forests in the Czech Republic: Preliminary results
Sramek, V; Novotny, R; Bednarova, E; Uhlirova, H
2,007
Ozone (O-3) is supposed to represent a significant risk for the health of forest ecosystems in Central Europe. So far, however, its impact on stands growing under natural conditions has not been clearly proved. A new project of the National Agency for the Research in Agriculture is focused on the O-3 effect on selected...
0
503,882
The weekend effect within and downwind of Sacramento - Part 1: Observations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and VOC reactivity
Murphy, JG; Day, DA; Cleary, PA; Wooldridge, PJ; Millet, DB; Goldstein, AH; Cohen, RC
2,007
Day-of-week patterns in human activities can be used to examine the ways in which differences in primary emissions result in changes in the rates of photochemical reactions, and the production of secondary pollutants. Data from twelve California Air Resources Board monitoring sites in Sacramento, CA, and the downwind M...
0
90,707
Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Lee, IM; Tsai, SS; Chang, CC; Ho, CK; Yang, CY
2,007
This study was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between air pollutants levels and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for COPD and ambient air pollution data for Kaohsiung were obtained for the period from 1996 to 2003. Th...
0
195,631
Alterations of the biochemical pathways of plants by the air pollutant ozone: Which are the true gauges of injury?
Heath, RL
2,007
Plant strategies to survive ozone stress include exclusion or tolerance of ozone. If these processes fail, past observations of ozone injury have indicated many physiological and metabolic changes then occur; most of these changes are likely to have been initiated at the level of gene expression, suggesting signal tran...
0
144,051
Simulations of pollutant dispersion within idealised urban-type geometries with CFD and integral models
Di Sabatino, S; Buccolieri, R; Pulvirenti, B; Britter, R
2,007
Until recently, urban air quality modelling has been based on operational models of an integral nature. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to address the same problems is increasing rapidly. Operational models e.g. OSPM, AERMOD, ADMS-Urban have undergone many comprehensive formal evaluations as to the...
0
92,829
Air pollution and emergency department visits for depression in Edmonton, Canada
Szyszkowicz, M
2,007
Objective: Depression is a common cause of morbidity. Sufferers are very sensitive to many external factors. Emergency department (ED) visits for this condition can be associated with the concentration of ambient air pollutants. The study objective was to examine and assess the associations between ED visits for depres...
0
595,114
An optical fibre based ultra violet and visible absorption spectroscopy system for ozone concentration monitoring
O'Keeffe, S; Fitzpatrick, C; Lewis, E
2,007
The use of optical fibres for the measurement of ozone based on the optical absorption of UV light at 254 nm and visible light at 600 nm is investigated and tested. Sensing in the UV region allows for highly sensitive detectors due to its high absorption in that region. The visible region has a significantly lower abso...
0
91,063
The effect of urban air pollution on inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and autonomic dysfunction in young adults
Chuang, KJ; Chan, CC; Su, TC; Lee, CT; Tang, CS
2,007
Rationale: The biological mechanisms linking air pollution to cardiovascular events still remain largerly unclear. Objectives: To investigate whether biological mechanisms linking air pollution to cardiovascular events occurred concurrently in human subjects exposed to urban air pollutants. Methods: We recruited a ...
1
180,221
A synthesis of AOT40-based response functions and critical levels of ozone for agricultural and horticultural crops
Mills, G; Buse, A; Gimeno, B; Bermejo, V; Holland, M; Emberson, L; Pleijel, H
2,007
Crop-response data from over 700 published papers and conference proceedings have been analysed with the aim of establishing ozone dose-response functions for a wide range of European agricultural and horticultural crops. Data that met rigorous selection criteria (e.g. field-based, ozone concentrations within European ...
1
196,876
Patterns of understory diversity in mixed coniferous forests of southern California impacted by air pollution
Allen, EB; Temple, PJ; Bytnerowicz, A; Arbaugh, MJ; Sirulnik, AG; Rao, LE
2,007
The forests of the San Bernardino Mountains have been subject to ozone and nitrogen (N) deposition for some 60 years. Much work has been done to assess the impacts of these pollutants on trees, but little is known about how the diverse understory flora has fared. Understory vegetation has declined in diversity in respo...
1
651,875
Ambient UVB and melanoma risk in the United States: A case-control analysis
Lea, CS; Scotto, JA; Buffler, PA; Fine, J; Barnhill, RL; Berwick, M
2,007
PURPOSE: Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is a well-established risk factor for human cutaneous malignant melanoma. Intermittent and cumulative exposures from UVB have been estimated most often by interview questionnaire. This study assessed cumulative UVB using a ground-based measurement instrument to estimat...
0
196,637
An outbreak of cardiovascular syndromes requiring urgent medical treatment and its association with environmental factors: an ecological study
Turner, RM; Muscatello, DJ; Zheng, W; Willmore, A; Arendts, G
2,007
BACKGROUND: In April 2005, syndromic surveillance based on statistical control chart methods in Sydney, Australia, signalled increasing incidence of urgent emergency department visits for cardiovascular and chest pain syndromes compared to the preceding twelve months. This paper aimed to determine whether environmental...
1
191,681
Statistical interferometric investigation of nano-scale root growth: effects of short-term ozone exposure on ectomycorrhizal pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings
Rathnayake, AP; Kadono, H; Toyooka, S; Miwa, M
2,007
This study presents the effects of short-term ozone exposure on the nano-scale growth behavior of the fine roots of Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine) seedlings. Root elongation measurements were obtained in nanometers for very short (sub-second) time intervals by using the optical interference method called statisti...
0
93,288
Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on paper birch (Betula papyrifera): Reproductive fitness
Darbah, JNT; Kubiske, ME; Neilson, N; Oksanen, E; Vaapavuori, E; Karnosky, DF
2,007
Atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 are rising in many regions of the world. Little is known about how these two commonly co-occurring gases will affect reproductive fitness of important forest tree species. Here, we report on the long-term effects of CO2 and O3 for paper birch seedlings exposed for nearly their entire...
1
195,752
Three-dimensional mapping of ozone-induced injury in the nasal airways of monkeys using magnetic resonance imaging and morphometric techniques
Carey, SA; Minard, KR; Trease, LL; Wagner, JG; Garcia, GJ; Ballinger, CA; Kimbell, JS; Plopper, CG; Corley, RA; Postlethwait, EM; Harkema, JR
2,007
Age-related changes in gross and microscopic structure of the nasal cavity may alter local tissue susceptibility as well as the dose of inhaled toxicant delivered to susceptible sites. This article describes a novel method for the use of magnetic resonance imaging, 3-dimensional airway modeling, and morphometric techni...
1
191,435
Gravitational infusion of ethylenediurea (EDU) into trunks protected adult European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.) from foliar ozone injury
Paoletti, E; Manning, WJ; Spaziani, F; Tagliaferro, F
2,007
Adult ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.), known to be sensitive or insensitive to ozone, determined by presence or absence of foliar symptoms in previous years, were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) at 450 ppm by gravitational trunk infusion on six occasions at 21-day intervals in summer 2005 at Turin, Italy. At the en...
0
191,438
Growth and photosynthetic responses of Fagus crenata seedlings to O3 under different nitrogen loads
Yamaguchi, M; Watanabe, M; Iwasaki, M; Tabe, C; Matsumura, H; Kohno, Y; Izuta, T
2,007
To obtain the basic data for evaluating the critical level of ozone (O-3) to protect Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species, the growth and photosynthetic responses of Fagus crenata seedlings to O-3 under different nitrogen (N) loads were investigated. The seedlings were grown in potted andisol supplied wi...
1
90,391
Inorganic chlorine and bromine in coastal New England air during summer
Keene, WC; Stutz, J; Pszenny, AAP; Maben, JR; Fischer, EV; Smith, AM; Von Glasow, R; Pechtl, S; Sive, BC; Varner, RK
2,007
During summer 2004, a comprehensive suite of reactive trace gases (including halogen radicals and precursors, ozone, reactive N, soluble acids, and hydrocarbons), the chemical and physical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols, actinic flux, and related physical conditions were measured at Appledore Island, Maine, ...
0
199,391
Chronic ozone exposure affects leaf senescence of adult beech trees: a chlorophyll fluorescence approach
Gielen, B; Low, M; Deckmyn, G; Metzger, U; Franck, F; Heerdt, C; Matyssek, R; Valcke, R; Ceulemans, R
2,007
Accelerated leaf senescence is one of the harmful effects of elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations ([O-3]) on plants. The number of studies dealing with mature forest trees is scarce however. Therefore, five 66-year-old beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) have been exposed to twice-ambient (2xambient) [O-3] levels by...
0
199,411
Soybean 'Tracaja' seedlings exposed to ozone under controlled conditions
Bulbovas, P; de Souza, SR; de Moraes, RM; Luizao, F; Artaxo, P
2,007
The objective of this work was to assess initial growth, biomass production, gas exchange and antioxidative defenses of soybean 'Tracaja' seedlings, cultivated in the Amazonian region, exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Seeds germinated in pots were placed in two chambers, one with filtered air (AF) and othe...
0
191,248
Biogenic 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol increases regional ozone and HOx sources
Steiner, AL; Tonse, S; Cohen, RC; Goldstein, AH; Harley, RA
2,007
We present the first regional-scale chemistry simulation investigating the effects of biogenic 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) emissions on air quality. In a central California model domain, MBO emissions have a distinctly different regional pattern than isoprene but have similar daily maxima of about 5 mg m(-2) hr(-1). MB...
0
156,561
Daily Simulation of Ozone and Fine Particulates over New York State: Findings and Challenges
Hogrefe, C; Hao, W; Civerolo, K; Ku, JY; Sistla, G; Gaza, RS; Sedefian, L; Schere, K; Gilliland, A; Mathur, R
2,007
This study investigates the potential utility of the application of a photochemical modeling system in providing simultaneous forecasts of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.s) over New York State. To this end, daily simulations from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for three extended time per...
0
90,706
Prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in Brazilian adolescents related to exposure to gaseous air pollutants and socioeconomic status
Sole, D; Camelo-Nunes, IC; Wandalsen, GF; Pastorino, AC; Jacob, CMA; Gonzalez, C; Wandalsen, NF; Rosario Filho, NA; Fischer, GB; Naspitz, CK
2,007
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between exposure to gaseous air pollutants (ozone [O3], carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and sulfur dioxide [SO2]) socioeconomic status and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of 16 209 adol...
0
193,247
Known and unexplored organic constituents in the earth?s atmosphere
Goldstein, A; Galbally, I
2,007
null
1
618,974
Development and testing of a chemical mechanism for atmospheric photochemical transformations of 1,3-butadiene
Sexton, KG; Doyle, ML; Jeffries, HE; Ebersviller, S
2,007
1,3-Butadiene (BD) in the atmosphere is a highly reactive hazardous air pollutant, which has a short lifetime and is quickly transformed to reaction products, some of which are also toxic. The ability to predict exposure to BD and its products requires models with chemical mechanisms which can simulate these transforma...
0
100,688
Evaluation of long-term ozone simulations from seven regional air quality models and their ensemble
van Loon, M; Vautard, R; Schaap, M; Bergstrom, R; Bessagnet, B; Brandt, J; Builtjes, PJH; Christensen, JH; Cuvelier, C; Graff, A; Jonson, JE; Krol, M; Langner, J; Roberts, P; Rouil, L; Stern, R; Tarrason, L; Thunis, P; Vignati, E; White, L; Wind, P
2,007
Long-term ozone simulations from seven regional air quality models, the Unified EMEP model, LOTOS-EUROS, CHIMERE, RCG, MATCH, DEHM and TM5, are intercompared and compared to ozone measurements within the framework of the EuroDelta experiment, designed to assess air quality improvement at the European scale in response ...
0
196,964
Ozone in Spain's national parks and protected forests
Sanz, MJ; Sanz, F; Calatayud, V; Sanchez-Pena, G
2,007
In general, it is difficult to measure air pollutant concentrations in remote areas, as they are mostly national parks and protected areas. Passive samplers provide an accurate and inexpensive method for measuring cumulative exposures of different air pollutants. They have been used to collect ozone data in both labora...
0
595,149
Ground-based solar absorption FTIR spectroscopy: Characterization of retrievals and first results from a novel optical design instrument at a new NDACC complementary station
Wiacek, A; Taylor JR: Strong, K; Saari, R; Kerzenmacher, TE; Jones, NB; Griffith, DWT
2,007
The authors describe the optical design of a high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), which serves as the primary instrument at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO). The FTS is dedicated to ground-based infrared solar absorption atmospheric measurements from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ins...
0
196,987
Scavenger receptors clear the air
Postlethwait, EM
2,007
Inhaled environmental oxidants, such as ozone and particulates, have been variably linked to epithelial injury, inflammation, and perturbations in lung development, growth, and function. Reactions between ozone and lung surface lipids likely account for exposure-related pathophysiologic sequelae. In this issue of the J...
0
191,670
Shift in birch leaf metabolome and carbon allocation during long-term open-field ozone exposure
Kontunen-Soppela, S; Ossipov, V; Ossipova, S; Oksanen, E
2,007
Current and future ozone concentrations have the potential to reduce plant growth and increase carbon demand for defence and repair processes, which may result in reduced carbon sink strength of forest trees in long-term. Still, there is limited understanding regarding the alterations in plant metabolism and variation ...
0
196,986
Protection against inhaled oxidants through scavenging of oxidized lipids by macrophage receptors MARCO and SR-AI/II
Dahl, M; Bauer, AK; Arredouani, M; Soininen, R; Tryggvason, K; Kleeberger, SR; Kobzik, L
2,007
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) express the class A scavenger receptors (SRAs) macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and scavenger receptor AI/II (SRA-I/II), which recognize oxidized lipids and provide innate defense against inhaled pathogens and particles. Increased MARCO expression in lungs of ozone-resis...
1
90,635
Aquatic fate and toxicity of nanoparticles: Agglomeration, sedimentation and effects of daphnia magna [Abstract no 1384]
Wiench, K; Landsiedel, R; Zok, S; Hisgen, V; Radke, K; Van Ravenzwaay, B
2,007
The nanoparticular inorganic pigments titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are used in sunscreens to protect the human skin against UVB light. It has been demonstrated that these nanoparticles do not penetrate human skin. However, the possible impact on the environment and its aquatic organisms has not been wel...
0
146,159
Accuracy and reliability of an automated air quality forecast system for ozone in seven Kentucky metropolitan areas
Cobourn, WG
2,007
An automated forecast system for ozone in seven Kentucky metropolitan areas has been operational since 2004. The forecast system automatically downloads the required input data twice each day, produces next-day forecasts of metro area peak 8-h average ozone concentration using a computer coded hybrid nonlinear regressi...
0
91,170
Air pollution and mortality in Chile: Susceptibility among the elderly
Cakmak, S; Dales, RE; Vidal, CB
2,007
Objective: The estimated mortality rate associated with ambient air pollution based on general population studies may not be representative of the effects on certain subgroups. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of relatively high concentrations of air pollution on mortality in a general ...
1
142,008
Photochemical ozone formation at Portugal West Coast under sea breeze conditions as assessed by master chemical mechanism model
Evtyugina, MG; Pio, C; Nunes, T; Pinho, PG; Costa, CS
2,007
Results on photochemical pollutants monitoring obtained in the field campaign CZCM-2001 were used as a database in photochemical trajectory model using the explicit mechanism Master Chemical Mechanism version 3 (MCM v3) aiming to simulate the formation of photochemical pollutants in air masses during the sea breeze cir...
0
191,456
The impact of ozone on juvenile maize (Zea mays L.) plant photosynthesis: Effects on vegetative biomass, pigmentation, and carboxylases (PEPc and Rubisco)
Leitao, L; Bethenod, O; Biolley, JP
2,007
The impact of ozone on crops was more studied in C-3 than in C-4 species. In C-3 plants, ozone is known to induce a photosynthesis impairment that can result in significant depressions in biomass and crop yields. To investigate the impact Of O-3 on C-4 plant species, maize seedlings (Zea mays L. cv. Chambord) were expo...
1
93,286
Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 on nutrient dynamics: Decomposition of leaf litter in trembling aspen and paper birch communities
Liu, L; King, JS; Giardina, CP
2,007
Atmospheric changes could strongly influence how terrestrial ecosystems function by altering nutrient cycling. We examined how the dynamics of nutrient release from leaf litter responded to two important atmospheric changes: rising atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3. We evaluated the independent and combined effects o...
1
601,714
Ozone and Semen Quality
Bonde, JP
2,007
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Exposure to environmental ozone alters semen quality,"by R. Z. Sokol, P. Kraft, I. M. Fowler, R. Mamet and K. T. Berhane, which appeared in the vol. 114, 2006 issue.
0
91,064
Lung function growth in children with long-term exposure to air pollutants in Mexico City
Rojas-Martinez, R; Perez-Padilla, R; Olaiz-Fernandez, G; Mendoza-Alvarado, L; Moreno-Macias, H; Fortoul, T; McDonnell, W; Loomis, D; Romieu, I
2,007
Rationale: Although short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with acute, reversible lung function decrements, the impact of long-term exposure has not been well established. Objectives: To evaluate the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3), particulate matter less than 10 Am in diameter ...
1
190,262
Short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases: outcomes and mechanisms
Franchini, M; Mannucci, PM
2,007
The effects of air pollution on health have been intensively studied in recent years. Acute exposure to environmental pollutants such as particulate and gaseous matters (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and ozone) was associated with an increased rate of events and mortality because of cardiovascular d...
0
128,019
Influence of dense surface meteorological data assimilation on the prediction accuracy of ozone pollution in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula
Lee, SH; Kim, YK; Kim, HS; Lee, HW
2,007
In order to clarify the influence of surface meteorological data assimilation with various resolutions on the photochemical ozone concentration in the southeastern Korean Peninsula, several numerical experiments were conducted. The meteorological and photochemical reaction models used in this study are the fifth-...
0
90,703
Low levels of ambient air pollution during pregnancy and fetal growth among term neonates in Brisbane, Australia
Hansen, C; Neller, A; Williams, G; Simpson, R
2,007
There is mounting evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. We examined birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA <10th percentile for age and gender) among 26,617 singleton full-term births in Brisbane, Australia (July 2000-June 2003), in...
1
191,678
Soil water availability modulation over estimated relative yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to ozone exposure
De la Torre, D; Sierra, MJ
2,007
The approach developed by Fuhrer in 1995 to estimate wheat yield losses induced by ozone and modulated by the soil water content (SWC) was applied to the data on Catalonian wheat yields. The aim of our work was to apply this approach and adjust it to Mediterranean environmental conditions by means of the necessary corr...
0
199,283
Isoprene emissions from boreal peatland microcosms; effects of elevated ozone concentration in an open field experiment
Tiiva, P; Rinnan, R; Holopainen, T; Morsky, SK; Holopainen, JK
2,007
Boreal Sphagnum-dominated peatlands are known to emit isoprene in amounts comparable to emissions from boreal Picea abies-dominated forests. Due to its high reactivity, isoprene can affect the local climate. Increases in isoprene emission under elevated ozone concentration have been detected in a few plant species, but...
0
191,239
Atmospheric CO2 and O3 alter the flow of N15 in developing forest ecosystems
Zak, DR; Holmes, WE; Pregitzer, KS
2,007
Anthropogenic O-3 and CO2-induced declines in soil N availability could counteract greater plant growth in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, thereby reducing net primary productivity (NPP) and the potential of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester anthropogenic CO2. Presently, it is uncertain how increasing atmospheric CO2 and ...
1
191,405
Fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 in a meadow ecosystem exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide for three years
Kanerva, T; Regina, K; Ramo, K; Ojanpera, K; Manninen, S
2,007
Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O-3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O-3,...
1
199,369
Assessing the risk caused by ground level ozone to European forest trees: A case study in pine, beech and oak across different climate regions
Emberson, LD; Buker, P; Ashmore, MR
2,007
Two different indices have been proposed for estimation of the risk caused to forest trees across Europe by ground-level ozone, (i) the concentration based AOT40 index (Accumulated Over a Threshold of 40 ppb) and (ii) the recently developed flux based AFstY index (Accumulated stomatal Flux above a flux threshold Y). Th...
0
191,421
Gel-based proteomics reveals potential novel protein markers of ozone stress in leaves of cultivated bean and maize species of Panama [Supplemental information]
Torres, NL; Cho, K; Shibato, J; Hirano, M; Kubo, A; Masuo, Y; Iwahashi, H; Jwa, NS; Agarwal, GK; Rakwal, R
2,007
We examined responses of cultivated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. IDIAP R-3) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Guarare 8128) plants exposed to ozone < O-3 > using a leaf injury assessment and proteomics approach. Plants grown for 16 days in greenhouse were transferred to an O-3 chamber and exposed continuously to 0.2 PPM O-...
0
43,221
Comments from US Department of Energy/FE Staff on July workshops on Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter, Primary and Secondary Standards; New Studies on Particulate Matter, Docket ID # EPA-HQ-ORD-2007-0517 [letter to Dr Peter W Preuss].
Lefohn, AS; Pinto, JP; Shadwick, D; Ziman, SD
2,007
null
0
191,441
Growth onset, senescence, and reproductive development of meadow species in mesocosms exposed to elevated O3 and CO2
Ramo, K; Kanerva, T; Ojanpera, K; Manninen, S
2,007
We studied the effects of elevated O-3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+ 100 ppm) alone and in combination on the growth onset, relative chlorophyll meter values, and reproductive development of meadow species grown in ground-planted mesocosms using open-top chambers. The 3-year study was conducted in the summers of 2002-2004. El...
1
619,800
Space-time modelling of air quality for environmental-risk maps: A case study in South Portugal
Soares, A; Pereira, MJ
2,007
Since the 1960s, there has been a strong industrial development in the Sines area, on the southern Atlantic coast of Portugal, including the construction of an important industrial harbour and of, mainly, petrochemical and energy-related industries. These industries are, nowadays, responsible for substantial emissions ...
0
199,385
Contribution of ambient ozone to changes in scots pine defoliation. Step II of Lithuanian studies
Augustaitis, A; Augustaitiene, I; Kliucius, A; Girgzdiene, R; Sopauskiene, D
2,007
This study aimed to explore if changes in peak ozone (O-3) concentrations may reinforce the phytotoxic effects of air concentration of acidifying compounds and their deposition, as well as unfavorable climatic factors on pine crown defoliation. Forty-eight pine stands with more than 8000 sample pine trees have been mon...
0
199,386
Trend in ambient ozone and an attempt to detect its effect on biota in forest ecosystem. Step I of Lithuanian studies
Augustaitis, A; Augustaitiene, I; Kliucius, A; Mozgeris, G; Pivoras, G; Girgzdiene, R; Arbaciauskas, K; Eitminaviciute, I; Mazeikyte, R
2,007
The presented study aimed to explore the relationships between ambient ozone (O-3) and tree defoliation, specific diversity, and abundance of soil microarthropods, stream macroinvertebrates, and small mammals (mainly rodents) in order to test the hypothesis that changes in the considered objects of the forest ecosystem...
0
195,670
Inhibition of ozone-induced SP-A oxidation by plant polyphenols
Stagos, D; Umstead, TM; Phelps, DS; Skaltsounis, L; Haroutounian, S; Floros, J; Kouretas, D
2,007
Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) is the best studied and most abundant of the protein components of lung surfactant and plays an important role in host defense of the lung. It has been shown that ozone-induced oxidation of SP-A protein changes its functional and biochemical properties. In the present study, eight plant poly...
0
90,695
Impacts of biogenic emissions on photochemical ozone production in Houston, Texas
Li, G; Zhang, R; Fan, J; Tie, X
2,007
A regional chemical transport model (CTM) has been employed to assess the influence of biogenic emissions on ozone (O3) formation in Houston, Texas during an eight-day episode of 24-31 August 2000 in association with the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) 2000. The effects of isoprene and monoterpene emissions on O3 phot...
0
199,397
The use of critical levels for determining plant response to ozone in europe and in North America
Musselman, RC; Lefohn, AS
2,007
Critical levels to determine plant response to ozone (O-3) have been used in Europe since the 1980s, utilizing the concentration-based AOT40 to relate plant response to ambient O-3 exposure. More recently, there has been progress in Europe toward utilizing flux-based critical levels, because plant response is more clos...
0
611,291
Development of an aggregate Air Quality Index for an urban Mediterranean agglomeration: Relation to potential health effects
Kyrkilis, G; Chaloulakou, A; Kassomenos, PA
2,007
It is very useful for the authorities and the people to have daily easy understandable information about the levels of air pollution and the proper measures to be taken for the protection of human health. In this paper we develop an aggregate Air Quality Index (AQI) based on the combined effects of five criteria pollut...
0
199,404
Ethylenediurea (EDU) affects the growth of ozone-sensitive and tolerant ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees under ambient O-3 conditions
Paoletti, E; Contran, N; Manning, WJ; Tagliaferro, F
2,007
Adult ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.), known to be sensitive or tolerant to ozone, determined by presence or absence of foliar symptoms in previous years, were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) at 450 ppm by gravitational trunk infusion over the 2005 growing season (32.5 ppm h AOT40). Tree and shoot growth were recor...
0
196,884
Secondary air pollutants and forests - New perspectives
Cape, JN
2,007
Air pollution has been known to affect forests for over a century, and many of the mechanisms of pollutant deposition and effects have been established, at least for forest trees. Changes in air quality as a result of emission controls in Europe and North America, or as a result of rapid industrialisation in southern a...
0
191,366
Effects of tropospheric ozone pollution on net primary productivity and carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China
Ren, W; Tian, HQ; Liu, ML; Zhang, C; Chen, GS; Pan, SF; Felzer, B; Xu, XF
2,007
[1] We investigated the potential effects of elevated ozone (O-3) along with climate variability, increasing CO2, and land use change on net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in China's terrestrial ecosystems for the period 1961 - 2000 with a process-based Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) forced by the g...
1
622,734
Human mortality effects of future concentrations of tropospheric ozone
West, JJ; Szopa, S; Hauglustaine, DA
2,007
Here we explore the effects of projected future changes in global ozone concentrations on premature human mortality, under three scenarios for 2030. We use daily surface ozone concentrations from a global atmospheric transport and chemistry model, and ozone-mortality relationships from daily time-series studies. The po...
0
191,348
Effects of elevated O3, alone and in combination with elevated CO2, on tree leaf chemistry and insect herbivore performance: A meta-analysis
Valkama, E; Koricheva, J; Oksanen, E
2,007
We reviewed the effects of elevated ozone (O3), alone and in combination with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on primary and secondary metabolites of trees and performance of insect herbivores by means of meta-analysis. Our database consisted of 63 studies conducted on 22 species of trees and published between 1990 and 2...
1
196,944
Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems - Emerging research needs
Paoletti, E; Bytnerowicz, A; Andersen, C; Augustaitis, A; Ferretti, M; Grulke, N; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Innes, J; Johnson, D; Karnosky, D; Luangjame, J; Matyssek, R; Mcnulty, S; Muller-Starck, G; Musselman, R; Percy, K
2,007
Outcomes from the 22nd meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems "Forests under Anthropogenic Pressure - Effects of Air Pollution, Climate Change and Urban Development", September 10-16, 2006, Riverside, CA, are summarized. Tropospheric or ground-level ozone (O-3) is still the phytotoxic air...
0
595,168
Measurements of O3, NO2 and BrO during the INDOEX campaign using ground based DOAS and GOME satellite data
Ladstatter-Wei?enmayer, A; Altmeyer, H; Bruns, M; Richter, A; Rozanov, A; Rozanov, V; Wittrock, F; Burrows, JP
2,007
The INDian Ocean EXperiment (INDOEX) was an international, multi-platform field campaign to measure long-range transport of air masses from South and South-East-(SE) Asia towards the Indian Ocean. During the dry monsoon season between January and March 1999, local measurements were carried out from ground based platfor...
0
156,399
Home indoor pollutant exposures among inner-city children with and without asthma
Diette, GB; Hansel, NN; Buckley, TJ; Curtin-Brosnan, J; Eggleston, PA; Matsui, EC; Mccormack, MC; Williams, DL; Breysse, PN
2,007
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Evidence for environmental causes of asthma is limited, especially among African Americans. To look for systematic differences in early life domestic exposures between inner-city preschool children with and without asthma, we performed a study of home indoor air pollutants and allergens.<br...
0
145,956
Effects of chronic and acute ozone exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in healthy young adults
Chen, C; Arjomandi, M; Balmes, J; Tager, I; Holland N
2,007
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for the role of oxidative damage in chronic diseases. Although ozone (O3) is an oxidant pollutant to which many people are exposed, few studies have examined whether O3 induces oxidative stress in humans. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effect of short-and long-te...
1
655,521
Involvement of platelet-activating factor and interleukin-10 in ultraviolet B radiation-induced immunosuppression
Zhang, Q; Yi, Q; Al-Hassani, M; Yao, Y; Konger, RL; Travers, JB
2,007
Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) has immunosuppressive effects which have been shown to be a major risk factor for skin cancer. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a group of phosphocholines with significant biological effects mediated by the PAF receptor (PAF-R). Since UVB stimulates PAF production, and PAF-R activation ...
0
191,530
Net photosynthetic rate, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities of Erythrina orientalis in polluted and non-polluted areas
Woo, SY; Lee, DK; Lee, YK
2,007
We investigated net photosynthetic rate and antioxidative enzyme activities in Erythrina orientalis grown in three different sites: Makati and Quezon (cities with high levels of air pollution, HP) and La Mesa (a non-polluted area, NP). Photosynthetic activity of E. orientalis was significantly reduced in the HP cities....
0
596,397
Ozone induces clear cellular and molecular responses in the mouse lung independently of the transcription-coupled repair status
Kooter, IM; Pennings, JL; Fokkens, PH; Leseman, DL; Boere, AJ; Gerlofs-Nijland, ME; Cassee, FR; Schalk, JA; Orzechowski, TJ; Schaap, MM; Breit, TM; Dormans, JA; van Oostrom, CT; de Vries, A; van Steeg, H
2,007
The oxidant ozone is a well-known air pollutant, inhalation of which is associated with respiratory tract inflammation and functional alterations of the lung. It is well established as an inducer of intracellular oxidative stress. We investigated whether Cockayne syndrome B, transcription-coupled, repair-deficient mice...
1
196,635
Air pollution alters brain and pituitary endothelin-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression
Thomson, EM; Kumarathasan, P; Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Vincent, R
2,007
Recent work suggests that air pollution is a risk factor for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disease. Effects of inhaled pollutants on the production of vasoactive factors such as endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) in the brain may be relevant to disease pathogenesis. Inhaled pollutants increase circulating le...
0
191,695
To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta-analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments
Wittig, VE; Ainsworth, EA; Long, SP
2,007
The surface concentration of ozone ([031) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a daytime mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [031 is projected to rise a further 50% over this century, wi...
1
79,875
Characterization of wintertime reactive oxygen species concentrations in Flushing, New York
Venkatachari, P; Hopke P, K; Brune, WH; Ren, X; Lesher, R; Mao, J; Mitchell, M
2,007
One of the main hypotheses for the species causing the observed health effects of ambient particulate matter is peroxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there is currently very little data available on the concentrations of particle-bound ROS or their behavior in different physical locations and seas...
0
191,273
CO2 inhibition of global terrestrial isoprene emissions: Potential implications for atmospheric chemistry
Arneth, A; Miller, PA; Scholze, M; Hickler, T; Schurgers, G; Smith, B; Prentice, IC
2,007
[1] Isoprene is the dominant volatile organic compound produced by the terrestrial biosphere and fundamental for atmospheric composition and climate. It constrains the concentration of tropospheric oxidants, affecting the lifetime of other reduced species such as methane and contributing to ozone production. Oxidation ...
0
199,205
Fates of chlorophylls and related pigments in the ozone-exposed leaves of ozone-sensitive tobacco variety Bel-W3 in vivo and also in vitro of ozone-sensitive tobacco variety Bel-W3 in vivo and also in vitro
Hirono, M; Kawano, T
2,007
null
0
92,830
Effects of ambient air pollution on functional status in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: A repeated-measures study
Wellenius, GA; Yeh, GY; Coull, BA; Suh, HH; Phillips, RS; Mittleman, MA
2,007
Background Studies using administrative data report a positive association between ambient air pollution and the risk of hospitalization for congestive heart failure (HF). Circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are directly associated with cardiac hemodynamics and symptom severity in patients with HF an...
1
93,259
Air pollution and seasonal asthma during the pollen season: A cohort study in Puertollano and Ciudad Real (Spain)
Feo Brito, F; Mur Gimeno, P; Martinez, C; Tobias, A; Suarez, L; Guerra, F; Borja, JM; Alonso, AM
2,007
Background: Many studies have demonstrated a positive association between air pollutants and emergency visits for asthma. However, few studies have included pollen when analysing this relationship in mild-moderate asthmatic patients. Objective: To determine the importance of the pollutants such as ozone (O(3)), particl...
1
196,938
Exemplifying whole-plant ozone uptake in adult forest trees of contrasting species and site conditions
Nunn, AJ; Wieser, G; Metzger, U; Low, M; Wipfler, P; Haberle, KH; Matyssek, R
2,007
Whole-tree O-3 uptake was exemplified for Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Larix decidua in stands at high and low altitude and contrasting water availability through sap flow measurement in tree trunks, intrinsically accounting for drought and boundary layer effects on O-3 flux. O-3 uptake of evergreen spruce per unit...
0
199,832
Ecosystem assembly and terrestrial carbon balance under elevated CO2
Bradley, KL; Pregitzer, KS
2,007
Research aimed at understanding how the global carbon balance will change with elevated CO2 has largely ignored the responses of individual species and genotypes. Yet, plant traits strongly influence the biogeochemical cycling of carbon. Here, we illustrate how differences in inter- and intraspecific responses to eleva...
0
90,424
Nanoparticle growth following photochemical "alpha"- and "beta"-pinene oxidation at Appledore Island during International Consortium for Research on Transport and Transformation/Chemistry of Halogens at the Isles of Shoals 2004
Russell, LM; Mensah, AA; Fischer, EV; Sive, BC; Varner, RK; Keene, WC; Stutz, J; Pszenny, AAP
2,007
Nanoparticle events were observed 48 times in particle size distributions at Appledore Island during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation/Chemistry of Halogens on the Isles of Shoals (ICARTT/CHAiOS) field campaign from 2 July to 12 August of 2004. Eighteen of the nanopar...
0
97,758
Cholesterol secoaldehyde, an ozonation product of cholesterol, induces amyloid aggregation and apoptosis in murine GT1-7 hypothalamic neurons
Sathishkumar, K; Xi, X; Martin, R; Uppu, RM
2,007
Aldehydic products from ozonation of cholesterol and peroxidation of phospholipids have been shown to accelerate aggregation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in vitro. Here, we show that 3beta-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (ChSeco), an ozonation product of cholesterol, induces Abeta aggregation, generation of reactive ox...
1
155,786
A satellite- and model-based assessment of the 2003 Russian fires: Impact on the arctic region
Generoso, S; Bey, I; Attie, JL; Breon, FM
2,007
[1] In this paper, we address the issues of the representation of boreal fires in a global chemistry and transport model (GEOS-Chem) as well as their contribution to the Arctic aerosol optical thickness and black carbon (BC) deposition, with a focus on the 2003 Russian fires. We use satellite observations from the MOPI...
1
199,278
Nitric oxide emission from a typical vegetable field in the Pearl River Delta, China
Li, D; Wang, XM
2,007
Croplands contribute to atmospheric nitric oxide (NO), but very limited data are available about NO fluxes from intensively managed croplands in China. In this study, NO fluxes were measured in a typical vegetable field planted with flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Le...
0
191,342
Effects of elevated CO2 and/or O-3 on hornionie IAA in needles of Chinese pine
Li, XM; He, XY; Chen, W; Zhang, LH
2,007
This study examined the effects of season-long exposure of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulae-formis) to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or ozone (O-3) on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activities of IAA oxidase (IAAO) and peroxidase (POD) in needles. Trees grown in open-top chambers (OTC) were exposed to control (ambi...
0
90,753
Observational constraints on the chemistry of isoprene nitrates over the eastern United States
Horowitz, LW; Fiore, AM; Milly, GP; Cohen, RC; Perring, A; Wooldridge, PJ; Hess, PG; Emmons, LK; Lamarque, JF
2,007
The formation of organic nitrates during the oxidation of the biogenic hydrocarbon isoprene can strongly affect boundary layer concentrations of ozone and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2). We constrain uncertainties in the chemistry of these isoprene nitrates using chemical transport model simulations in conjunction wi...
1
90,797
Strong influence of lowermost stratospheric ozone on lower tropospheric background ozone changes over Europe
Ordonez, C; Brunner, D; Staehelin, J; Hadjinicolaou, P; Pyle, JA; Jonas, M; Wernli, H; Prevot, ASH
2,007
#Using ozone measurements from two sounding sites and two high-altitude stations in Central Europe, we show evidence for a dominant influence of changes in lowermost stratospheric ozone on the variability and overall upward trend of background ozone in the lower troposphere (3000-3500 m asl) during the 1992-2004 period...
1