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684,057
Notice of workshop and call for information on integrated science assessment for ozone
null
2,008
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing that the Office of Research and Development's National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) is preparing an Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) as part of the review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone (O 3). This is intended...
0
199,824
Performance and secondary chemistry of two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones in long-term elevated ozone exposure
Haikio, E; Makkonen, M; Julkunen-Tiitto, R; Sitte, J; Freiwald, V; Silfver, T; Pandey, V; Beuker, E; Holopainen, T; Oksanen, E
2,009
The effects of moderately elevated ozone (ca. 35 ppb) on the growth and secondary chemistry of the leaves of two soil-grown Finnish hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones with different ozone sensitivities were studied at an open-air exposure field in Kuopio, Finland. Stomatal conductance...
0
595,642
Increasing interannual and altitudinal ozone mixing ratios in the Catalan Pyrenees
Diaz-De-Quijano, M; Penuelas, J; Ribas, A
2,009
Interannual, seasonal, daily and altitudinal patterns of tropospheric ozone mixing ratios, as well as ozone phytotoxicity and the relationship with NOx precursors and meteorological variables were monitored in the Central Catalan Pyrenees (Meranges valley and Forest of Guils) over a period of 5 years (2004-2008). Biwee...
0
597,387
Effect of air pollution on lung function in schoolchildren in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Castro, HA; Cunha, MF; Mendonca, GA; Junger, WL; Cunha-Cruz, J; Leon, AP
2,009
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between daily exposure to air pollution and lung function in school children. METHODS: Panel study with a random sample of 118 students (between 6 and 15 years of age), enrolled in a public school of the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, and living within 2 km of the ...
0
199,765
The global impact of ozone on agricultural crop yields under current and future air quality legislation
Van Dingenen, R; Dentener, FJ; Raes, F; Krol, MC; Emberson, L; Cofala, J
2,009
In this paper we evaluate the global impact of surface ozone on four types of agricultural crop. The study is based on modelled global hourly ozone fields for the year 2000 and 2030, using the global 1??1? 2-way nested atmospheric chemical transport model (TM5). Projections for the year 2030 are based on the relatively...
1
192,359
Air pollution and childhood respiratory allergies in the United States
Parker, JD; Akinbami, LJ; Woodruff, TJ
2,009
Background: Childhood respiratory allergies, which contribute to missed school days and other activity limitations, have increased in recent years, possibly due to environmental factors. Objective: In this study we examined whether air pollutants are associated with childhood respiratory allergies in the United State...
1
694,585
Neuro-fuzzy and neural network systems for air quality control
Carnevale, C; Finzi, G; Pisoni, E; Volta, M
2,009
In order to define efficient air quality plans, Regional Authorities need suitable tools to evaluate both the impact of emission reduction strategies on pollution indexes and the costs of such emission reductions. The air quality control can be formalized as a two-objective nonlinear mathematical problem, integrating s...
0
200,759
Bcl-2 suppresses sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase expression in cystic fibrosis airways: Role in oxidant-mediated cell death
Ahmad, S; Ahmad, A; Dremina, ES; Sharov, VS; Guo, X; Jones, TN; Loader, JE; Tatreau, JR; Perraud, AL; Schoneich, C; Randell, SH; White, CW
2,009
Rationale: Modulation of the activity of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) can profoundly affect Ca2+ homeostasis. Although altered calcium homeostasis is a characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SERCA is unknown. Objectives: This study provides a comprehensive investigation of expression...
0
328,319
Plates soaking prior formation and its influence on positive active material phase composition and battery performance
Foudia, M; Zerroual, L; Matrakova, M
2,009
In the present work, we studied the behaviour of 3BS and lead oxide paste as a function of soaking time in two sulfuric acid solutions respectively with 1.05 and 1.20 g cm(-3) specific gravity. The study was based on X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ...
0
199,881
Impacts of elevated atmospheric ozone on peatland below-ground doc characteristics
Jones, TG; Freeman, C; Lloyd, A; Mills, G
2,009
Rising concentrations of tropospheric ozone are having detrimental impacts on the growth of crop and forest species and some studies have reported inhibition of the allocation of carbon below ground. The effects of ozone on peatland ecosystems have received relatively little attention, despite their importance within t...
1
515,730
Influence of ultraviolet-B radiation on growth, prevalence of deformities, and susceptibility to predation in Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) larvae
Romansic, JM; Waggener, AA; Bancroft, BA; Blaustein, AR
2,009
Ambient levels of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) have a variety of detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. These include death and effects on growth, development, physiology, and behavior. Amphibians show all of these effects. However, the effects vary with species, life history stage, and ecological context. Little i...
1
686,008
Humic substances - part 7: the biogeochemistry of dissolved organic carbon and its interactions with climate change
Porcal, P; Koprivnjak, JF; Molot, LA; Dillon, PJ
2,009
Background, aim, and scope: Dissolved organic matter, measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), is an important component of aquatic ecosystems and of the global carbon cycle. It is known that changes in DOC quality and quantity are likely to have ecological repercussions. This review has four goals: (1) to discuss p...
0
597,503
Ozone and cardiovascular injury
Srebot, V; Gianicolo, EAL; Rainaldi, G; Trivella, MG; Sicari, R
2,009
Air pollution is increasingly recognized as an important and modifiable determinant of cardiovascular diseases in urban communities. The potential detrimental effects are both acute and chronic having a strong impact on morbidity and mortality. The acute exposure to pollutants has been linked to adverse cardiovascular ...
0
195,835
How phenol and alpha-tocopherol react with ambient ozone at gas/liquid interfaces
Enami, S; Hoffmann, MR; Colussi, AJ
2,009
The exceptional ability of (alpha)-tocopherol ((alpha)-TOH) for scavenging free radicals is believed to also underlie its protective functions in respiratory epithelia. Phenols, however, can scavenge other reactive species. Herein, we report that (alpha)-TOH/(alpha)-TO- reacts with closed-shell O3(g) on the surface of ...
1
613,705
Exposure information in environmental health research: Current opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air pollutants
Mckone, TE; Ryan, PB; Ozkaynak, H
2,009
Understanding and quantifying outdoor and indoor sources of human exposure are essential but often not adequately addressed in health effect studies for air pollution. Air pollution epidemiology, risk assessment, health tracking, and accountability assessments are examples of health effect studies that require but ofte...
0
201,549
Cholesterol secoaldehyde induces apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts through reactive oxygen species involving mitochondrial and death receptor pathways
Sathishkumar, K; Gao, X; Raghavamenon, AC; Parinandi, N; Pryor, WA; Uppu, RM
2,009
Cholesterol secoaldehyde (ChSeco), a putative product of the reaction of ozone with cholesterol in aqueous environments, has been shown to induce apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. This study further investigated the involvement of apoptotic-related proteins and gene expression using RT-PCR, Western blot, and appropria...
1
195,818
Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: A time-series analysis
Darrow, LA; Klein, M; Flanders, WD; Waller, LA; Correa, A; Marcus, M; Mulholland, JA; Russell, AG; Tolbert, PE
2,009
BACKGROUND: An emerging body of evidence suggests that ambient levels of air pollution during pregnancy are associated with preterm birth. METHODS: To further investigate these relationships we used vital record data to construct a retrospective cohort of 476,489 births occurring between 1994 and 2004 in 5 central coun...
1
596,201
Contribution of vegetation and water table on isoprene emission from boreal peatland microcosms
Tiiva, P; Faubert, P; Raty, S; Holopainen, JK; Holopainen, T; Rinnan, R
2,009
Boreal peatlands are substantial sources of isoprene, a reactive hydrocarbon. However, it is not known how much mosses, vascular plants and peat each contribute to isoprene emission from peatlands. Furthermore, there is no information on the effects of declining water table depth on isoprene emission in these naturally...
0
190,981
A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Jerrett, M; Finkelstein, MM; Brook, JR; Arain, MA; Kanaroglou, P; Stieb, DM; Gilbert, NL; Verma, D; Finkelstein, N; Chapman, KR; Sears, MR
2,009
BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to premature mortality, but few studies to date have addressed this topic. OBJECTIVES: In this study we assessed the association between TRAP and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We collected nitrogen dioxide samples ...
0
644,826
The influence of foreign vs. North American emissions on surface ozone in the US
Reidmiller, DR; Fiore, AM; Jaffe, DA; Bergmann, D; Cuvelier, C; Dentener, FJ; Duncan; Bryan, N; Folberth, G; Gauss, M; Gong, S; Hess, P; Jonson, JE; Keating, T; Lupu, A; Marmer, E; Park, R; Schultz, MG; Shindell, DT; Szopa, S; Vivanco, MG; Wild, O; Zuber, A
2,009
As part of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP; http:// www.htap.org) project, we analyze results from 15 global and 1 hemispheric chemical transport models and compare these to Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) observations in the United States (US) for 2001. Using the policy-relevant maximum ...
1
616,277
A Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag model for estimating the time course of risk of hospitalization associated with particulate matter air pollution
Peng, RD; Dominici, F; Welty, LJ
2,009
Time series studies have provided strong evidence of an association between increased levels of ambient air pollution and increased hospitalizations, typically at a single lag of 0, 1 or 2 days after an air pollution episode. Two important scientific objectives are to understand better how the risk of hospitalization t...
0
689,815
How plants can influence tropospheric chemistry: the role of isoprene emissions from the biosphere
Pike, RC; Young, PJ
2,009
null
0
595,098
Validation of OMI-TOMS and OMI-DOAS total ozone column using five Brewer spectroradiometers at the Iberian peninsula
Anton, M; Lopez, M; Vilaplana, JM; Kroon, M; Mcpeters, R; Ba?on, M; Serrano, A
2,009
This article focuses on the comparison of the total ozone column data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) flying aboard the NASA EOS-Aura satellite platform with ground-based measurement recorded by Brewer spectroradiometers located at five Spanish remote sensing ground stations between January 2005 and December...
1
200,773
Tumorigenesis in B6C3F1 mice exposed to ozone in combination with 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and dietary dibutyl phthalate
Kim, MY; Cho, MY
2,009
Although ozone exposure has been suspected as a risk factor for the development of lung cancer, data are still inconclusive. Studies in the literature infrequently recognize that the potential toxicity of ozone could be influenced by the combined exposure with other environmental carcinogens. To evaluate the carcinogen...
1
195,664
Interactive effect of elevated temperature and O3 on antioxidant capacity and gas exchange in Betula pendula saplings
Riikonen, J; Maenpaa, M; Alavillamo, M; Silfver, T; Oksanen, E
2,009
We studied the effects of slightly elevated temperature (T), O(3) concentration (O(3)) and their combination (T + O(3)) on the antioxidant defense, gas exchange and total leaf area of Betula pendula saplings in field conditions. During the second year of the experiment, T enhanced the total leaf area, net photosynthesi...
1
695,388
Predicting personal nitrogen dioxide exposure in an elderly population: Integrating residential indoor and outdoor measurements, fixed-site ambient pollution concentrations, modeled pollutant levels, and time-activity patterns
Sahsuvaroglu, T; Su, JG; Brook, J; Burnett, R; Loeb, M; Jerrett, M
2,009
Predicting chronic exposure to air pollution at the intra-urban scale has been recognized as a priority area of research for environmental epidemiology. Exposure assessment models attempt to predict and proxy for individuals' personal exposure to ambient air pollution, and there are no studies to date that explicitly a...
0
613,575
Is there evidence for synergy among air pollutants in causing health effects?
Mauderly, JL; Samet, JM
2,009
BACKGROUND: Environmental air pollutants are inhaled as complex mixtures, but the long dominant focus of monitoring and research on individual pollutants has provided modest insight into pollutant interactions that may be important to health. Trends toward managing multiple pollutants to maximize aggregate health gains...
0
195,177
Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related emergency department visits
Arbex, MA; de Souza Conceic?o, GM; Cendon, SP; Arbex, FF; Lopes, AC; Moyses, EP; Santiago, SL; Saldiva, PHN; Pereira, LAA; Braga, ALF
2,009
Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can have recurrent disease exacerbations triggered by several factors, including air pollution. Visits to the emergency respiratory department can be a direct result of short-term exposure to air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate t...
0
191,514
A meta-analysis of responses of wheat yield formation to elevated ozone concentration
Feng, ZZ; Kobayashi, K; Wang, XK; Feng, ZW
2,009
The meta-analysis method was applied to quantitatively investigate effects of the elevated ozone concentration ([O-3]) on chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange and yield components of wheat. There were 39 effective references through Web of Science (ISI, USA) and Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI, China). The ...
0
190,026
Comparative microarray analysis and pulmonary changes in brown Norway rats exposed to ovalbumin and concentrated air particulates
Heidenfelder, BL; Reif, DM; Harkema, JR; Cohen Hubal, EA; Hudgens, EE; Bramble, LA; Wagner, JG; Morishita, M; Keeler, GJ; Edwards, SW; Gallagher, JE
2,009
The interaction between air particulates and genetic susceptibility has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of inhalation exposure to environmentally relevant concentrated air particulates (CAPs) on the lungs of ovalbumin (ova) sensitized and c...
1
974,944
Evaluation of recently-proposed secondary organic aerosol models for a case study in Mexico City
Dzepina, K; Volkamer, RM; Madronich, S; Tulet, P; Ulbrich, IM; Zhang, Q; Caa, CD; Ziemann, PJ; Jimenez, JL
2,009
Recent field studies have found large discrepancies in the measured vs. modeled SOA mass loadings in both urban and regional polluted atmospheres. The reasons for these large differences are unclear. Here we revisit a case study of SOA formation in Mexico City described by Volkamer et al. (2006), during a photochemical...
0
195,328
Synthesis of poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer using 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate for UV curable coating
Park, MN; Oh, SW; Ahn, BH; Moon, MJ; Kang, YS
2,009
The poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer was obtained by the reaction of methyl acrylate oligomer and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. Synthesis of poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer was done with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-MEOH), methyl acrylate, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, initiator) and dibutyltin dilaurate ...
0
191,454
Impact of elevated ozone concentration on yield of four Chinese rice cultivars under fully open-air field conditions
Shi, GY; Yang, LX; Wang, YX; Kobayashi, K; Zhu, JG; Tang, HY; Pan, ST; Chen, T; Liu, G; Wang, YL
2,009
Ozone is currently the most important air pollutant that negatively affects growth and yield of agricultural crops in most parts of the world, and rice is arguably the most important food crops on the planet. While a limited number of enclosure-based studies have examined the genotypic differences among rice (Oryza sat...
0
199,990
Long-term exposure to gaseous air pollutants and cardio-respiratory mortality in Brisbane, Australia
Wang, XY; Hu, W; Tong, S
2,009
This study examines the association of long-term exposure to gaseous air pollution with cardio-respiratory mortality in Brisbane, Australia, in the period 1996-2004. The pollutant concentrations were estimated using geographical information system (GIS) techniques at the statistical local area (SLA) level. The generali...
1
974,949
Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols
Hodzic, A; Jimenez, JL; Madronich, S; Aiken, AC; Bessagnet, B; Curci, G; Fast, J; Lamarque, JF; Onasch, TB; Roux, G; Schauer, JJ; Stone, EA; Ulbrich, IM
2,009
The meso-scale chemistry-transport model CHIMERE is used to assess our understanding of major sources and formation processes leading to a fairly large amount of organic aerosols - OA, including primary OA (POA) and secondary OA (SOA) - observed in Mexico City during the MILAGRO field project ( March 2006). Chemical an...
0
778,752
How declining aerosols and rising greenhouse gases forced rapid warming in Europe since the 1980s
Philipona, R; Behrens, K; Ruckstuhl, C
2,009
Mainland Europe's temperature rise of about 1 degrees C since the 1980s is considerably larger than expected from anthropogenic greenhouse warming. Here we analyse shortwave and longwave surface forcings measured in Switzerland and Northern Germany and relate them to humidity- and temperature increases through the radi...
0
192,003
Acute effects of air pollution on pulmonary function, airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in asthmatic children
Liu, L; Poon, R; Chen, L; Frescura, AM; Montuschi, P; Ciabattoni, G; Wheeler, A; Dales, R
2,009
Background Air pollution is associated with respiratory symptoms, lung function decrements, and hospitalizations. However, there is little information about the influence of air pollution on lung injury. Objective In this study we investigated acute effects of air pollution on pulmonary function and airway oxidative s...
1
1,774,416
Provoked models of asthma: What have we learnt?
O'Byrne, PM; Gauvreau, GM; Brannan, JD
2,009
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by physiological abnormalities of variable airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to a wide variety of physical and inhaled chemical stimuli and the presence of symptoms. AHR is measured by challenging the airways with a variety of ...
0
608,024
Ozone removal by green building materials
Hoang, CP; Kinney, KA; Corsi, RL
2,009
There is a rapidly expanding market for green building materials. Such materials are intended to be environmentally friendly, with such characteristics as low toxicity, minimal chemical emissions, ability to be recycled, and durability. In addition, green materials often contain recycled and/or bio-based contents. Cons...
0
600,114
Weather-related mortality how heat, cold, and geat waves affect mortality in the United States
Anderson, BG; Bell, ML
2,009
Background: Many studies have linked weather to mortality; however, role of such critical factors as regional variation, susceptible populations, and acclimatization remain unresolved. Methods: We applied time-series models to 107 US communities allowing a nonlinear relationship between temperature and mortality by usi...
0
190,986
BME Estimation of Residential Exposure to Ambient PM10 and Ozone at Multiple Time Scales
Yu, HL; Chen, JC; Christakos, G; Jerrett, M
2,009
BACKGROUND: Long-term human exposure to ambient pollutants can be an important contributing or etiologic factor of many chronic diseases. Spatiotemporal estimation (mapping) of long-term exposure at residential areas based on field observations recorded in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System o...
0
191,432
Global chemical transport model study of ozone response to changes in chemical kinetics and biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to increasing temperatures: sensitivities to isoprene nitrate chemistry and grid resolution
Ito, A; Sillman, S; Penner, JE
2,009
Global modeling studies show a wide variability in the response of the O-3 budget to climate change as projected by applying Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios in climate models. We employ sensitivity studies to elucidate the major uncertainties in the response of tropospheric O-3 to perturbations in b...
1
191,450
Impact of elevated CO2 and O-3 concentrations on biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from ginkgo biloba
Li, DW; Chen, Y; Shi, Y; He, XY; Chen, X
2,009
In natural environment with ambient air, ginkgo trees emitted volatile organic compounds 0.18 mu g g(-1) h(-1) in July, and 0.92 mu g g(-1) h(-1) in September. Isoprene and limonene were the most abundant detected compounds. In September, alpha-pinene accounted for 22.5% of the total. Elevated CO2 concentration in OTCs...
0
680,393
Determination of total and free mono-n-butyl phthalate in human urine samples after medication of a di-n-butyl phthalate containing capsule
Seckin, E; Fromme, H; Volkel, W
2,009
Phthalates like di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) are commonly used as plasticisers, enteric coatings in medications and their metabolites (MnBP respectively MiBP) are suspect of adverse endocrine activities. The aim of this study was to determine kinetical data in humans after the application...
0
199,830
Effects of air pollution on ecosystems and biological diversity in the eastern United States
Lovett, GM; Tear, TH; Evers, DC; Findlay, SEG; Cosby, BJ; Dunscomb, JK; Driscoll, CT; Weathers, KC
2,009
Conservation organizations have most often focused on land-use change, climate change, and invasive species as prime threats to biodiversity conservation. Although air pollution is an acknowledged widespread problem, it is rarely considered in conservation planning or management. In this synthesis, the state of scienti...
0
191,704
Tropospheric ozone as a fungal elicitor
Zuccarini, P
2,009
Tropospheric ozone has been proven to trigger biochemical plant responses that are similar to the ones induced by an attack of fungal pathogens, i.e. it resembles fungal elicitors. This suggests that ozone can represent a valid tool for the study of stress responses and induction of resistance to pathogens. This review...
0
596,368
Prenatal ozone exposure abolishes stress activation of Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase in the nucleus tractus solitarius of adult rat
Boussouar, A; Araneda, S; Hamelin, C; Soulage, C; Kitahama, K; Dalmaz, Y
2,009
Ozone (O3) is widely distributed in the environment, with high levels of air pollution. However, very few studies have documented the effects on postnatal development of O3 during pregnancy. The long-term effects of prenatal O3 exposure in rats (0.5 ppm 12 h/day from embryonic day E5 to E20) were evaluated in the adult...
1
779,870
The 2009 ASHRAE handbook: Fundamentals
null
2,009
null
1
620,299
Cumulative effects and threshold levels in air pollution mortality: Data analysis of nine large US cities using the NMMAPS dataset
Stylianou, M; Nicolich, MJ
2,009
We examined the existence of thresholds, cumulative effects and the homogeneity of five air pollutants on the relative risk of three mortality outcomes using data from nine major US cities using data from NMMAPS. Overall, PM10 (usually 200-day accumulation) and ozone (3-day accumulation) were the two important predicto...
0
196,819
Atmospheric composition change: Climate-chemistry interactions
Isaksen, ISA; Granier, C; Myhre, G; Berntsen, TK; Dals?ren, SB; Gauss, M; Klimont, Z; Benestad, R; Bousquet, P; Collins, W; Cox, T; Eyring, V; Fowler, D; Fuzzi, S; Jockel, P; Laj, P; Lohmann, U; Maione, M; Monks, P; Prevot, ASH; Raes, F; Richter, A; Rognerud, B; Schulz, M; Shindell, D; Stevenson, DS; Storelvmo, T; Wang...
2,009
Chemically active climate compounds are either primary compounds like methane (CH4), removed by oxidation in the atmosphere, or secondary compounds like ozone (O3), sulfate and organic aerosols, both formed and removed in the atmosphere. Man-induced climate?chemistry interaction is a two-way process: Emissions of pollu...
0
199,820
Monoterpene emission of a boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest
Raisanen, T; Ryyppo, A; Kellomaki, S
2,009
Large quantities of biogenic volatile organic compounds (biogenic VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere by terrestrial vegetation. Once released into the atmosphere biogenic VOCs have a significant role in the chemistry of the lower troposphere. The biogenic emissions of VOCs from the Finnish forests are dominated by m...
0
618,189
Improved space-time forecasting of next day ozone concentrations in the eastern US
Sahu, SK; Yip, S; Holland, DM
2,009
There is an urgent need to provide accurate air quality information and forecasts to the general public and environmental health decision-makers. This paper develops a hierarchical space-time model for daily 8-h maximum ozone concentration (O-3) data covering much of the eastern United States. The model combines observ...
0
594,410
Relationship between visits to emergency departments for asthma and ozone exposure in greater Seattle, Washington
Mar, TF; Koenig, JQ
2,009
Background: Air pollution is known to affect asthma symptoms in controlled and epidemiologic studies. Objective: To determine whether ozone exposure in Seattle is associated with increased use of hospital emergency departments. Methods: Hospital data on daily asthma cases for all ages were obtained for 1998 through 2...
1
595,101
Ozone: Science and Engineering thirty years of progress
Loeb, BL
2,009
Abstract The first issue of Ozone: Science & Engineering was published in early 1979 with Dr. L. J. Bollyky as the Editor-in-Chief. This was a milestone for the International Ozone Association enabling professional recognition of the advances in ozone technology. Since this first issue, 30 volumes of Ozone: Science & ...
0
191,470
The influence of chemistry, production and community composition on leaf litter decomposition under elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 in a northern hardwood ecosystem
Liu, LL; King, JS; Giardina, CP; Booker, FL
2,009
We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 and their interaction on leaf litter chemistry and decomposition in pure stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides) and mixed stands of birch (Betula papyrifera) and aspen at the Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. A 935-day in situ incubation study was performed ...
1
628,549
A sensory neuronal ion channel essential for airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma
Caceres, AI; Brackmann, M; Elia, MD; Bessac, BF; del Camino, D; D'Amours, M; Witek, JS; Fanger, CM; Chong, JA; Hayward, NJ; Homer, RJ; Cohn, L; Huang, X; Moran, MM; Jordt, SE
2,009
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder caused by airway exposures to allergens and chemical irritants. Studies focusing on immune, smooth muscle, and airway epithelial function revealed many aspects of the disease mechanism of asthma. However, the limited efficacies of immune-directed therapies suggest the involvement of a...
1
782,708
Magnitude of nighttime transpiration does not affect plant growth or nutrition in well-watered Arabidopsis
Christman, MA; Donovan, LA; Richards, JH
2,009
Significant water loss occurs throughout the night via partially open stomata in many C(3) and C(4) plant species. Although apparently wasteful in terms of water use, nighttime transpiration (E(night)) is hypothesized to benefit plants by enhancing nutrient supply. We tested the hypothesis that plants with greater E(ni...
1
624,404
Intercontinental source attribution of ozone pollution at western US sites using an adjoint method
Zhang, L; Jacob, DJ; Kopacz, M; Henze, DK; Singh, K; Jaffe, DA
2,009
We use the GEOS?Chem chemical transport model and its adjoint to quantify source contributions to ozone pollution at two adjacent sites on the U.S. west coast in spring 2006: Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) at 2.7 km altitude and Trinidad Head (TH) at sea level. The adjoint computes the sensitivity of ozone concentratio...
0
192,230
Nutritive quality of highbush blackberry (Rubus argutus) exposed to tropospheric ozone
Ditchkoff, SS; Lewis, JS; Lin, JC; Muntifering, RB; Chappelka, AH
2,009
Numerous studies have examined the impacts of ground level O3 on plants that are important for human consumption, but native species that are important for wildlife have received less scrutiny. During May?August 2004 we examined the effects of O3 on biomass production and nutritive quality of highbush blackberry (Rubus...
1
668,923
Does supplemental UV-B radiation affect gas exchange and RuBisCO activity of Betula pendula Roth. seedlings grown in forest soil under greenhouse conditions?
Aphalo, PJ; Vapaavuori, EM; de la Rosa, TM; Lehto, T
2,009
Background: High nutrient supply has been frequently used in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) research, although it is unnatural for many species. Aims: To study the effect of increased irradiance of UV-B on the photosynthetic capability of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings. Methods: The seedlings were grown in a green...
1
199,442
Emissions of volatile organic compounds and leaf structural characteristics of European aspen (Populus tremula) grown under elevated ozone and temperature
Hartikainen, K; Nerg, AM; Kivimaenpaa, M; Kontunen-Soppela, S; Maenpaa, M; Oksanen, E; Rousi, M; Holopainen, T
2,009
Northern forest trees are challenged to adapt to changing climate, including global warming and increasing tropospheric ozone (O-3) concentrations. Both elevated O-3 and temperature can cause significant changes in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions as well as in leaf anatomy that can be related to adaptation or...
0
618,629
6.6-hour inhalation of ozone concentrations from 60 to 87 parts per billion in healthy humans
Schelegle, ES; Morales, CA; Walby, WF; Marion, S; Allen, RP
2,009
Rationale. Identification of the minimal ozone (O-3) concentration and/or dose that induces measurable lung function decrements in humans is considered in the risk assessment leading to establishing an appropriate National Ambient Air Quality Standard for O-3 that protects public health. Objectives: To identify and/or ...
1
616,177
Isoprene photooxidation: New insights into the production of acids and organic nitrates
Paulot, F; Crounse, JD; Kjaergaard, HG; Kroll, JH; Seinfeld, JH; Wennberg, PO
2,009
We describe a nearly explicit chemical mechanism for isoprene photooxidation guided by chamber studies that include time-resolved observation of an extensive suite of volatile compounds. We provide new constraints on the chemistry of the poorly-understood isoprene ?ZA'-hydroxy channels, which account for more than one ...
1
595,863
Study of interaction in bioindication research on tobacco plant injuries caused by ground level ozone
Kayzer, D; Borowiak, K; Budka, A; Zbierska, J
2,009
Tropospheric ozone is one of the most phytotoxic air pollutants. Its concentration has increased over recent decades. Bioindication methods could help to measure ozone levels in places where automatic methods are not available. The investigations described were carried out in the city of Poznan (Poland) and in its vici...
0
191,964
Effect of climate change on air quality
Jacob, DJ; Winner, DA
2,009
Air quality is strongly dependent on weather and is therefore sensitive to climate change. Recent studies have provided estimates of this climate effect through correlations of air quality with meteorological variables, perturbation analyses in chemical transport models (CTMs), and CTM simulations driven by general cir...
0
695,499
Effect of regional precursor emission controls on long-range ozone transport - Part 2: Steady-state changes in ozone air quality and impacts on human mortality
West, JJ; Naik, V; Horowitz, LW; Fiore, AM
2,009
Large-scale changes in ozone precursor emissions affect ozone directly in the short term, and also affect methane, which in turn causes long-term changes in ozone that affect surface ozone air quality. Here we assess the effects of changes in ozone precursor emissions on the long-term change in surface ozone via methan...
0
668,897
Interaction of COP1 and UVR8 regulates UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation in Arabidopsis
Favory, JJ; Stec, A; Gruber, H; Rizzini, L; Oravecz, A; Funk, M; Albert, A; Cloix, C; Jenkins, GI; Oakeley, EJ; Seidlitz, HK; Nagy, F; Ulm, R
2,009
The ultraviolet-B (UV-B) portion of the solar radiation functions as an environmental signal for which plants have evolved specific and sensitive UV-B perception systems. The UV-B-specific UV RESPONSE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) and the multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) are key regulators ...
1
597,603
Hyaluronan mediates ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice
Garantziotis, S; Li, Z; Potts, EN; Kimata, K; Zhuo, L; Morgan, DL; Savani, RC; Noble, PW; Foster, WM; Schwartz, DA; Hollingsworth, JW
2,009
Ozone is a common urban environmental air pollutant and significantly contributes to hospitalizations for respiratory illness. The mechanisms, which regulate ozone-induced bronchoconstriction, remain poorly understood. Hyaluronan was recently shown to play a central role in the response to noninfectious lung injury. Th...
1
156,383
Method and apparatus for analyzing arsenic concentrations using gas phase ozone chemiluminescence
Dasgupta, PK; Idowu, AD; Li, J
2,009
A method of detecting arsenic comprising acidifying at least one sample comprising a known arsenic concentration, reducing arsenic in the sample having the known arsenic concentration to arsine, contacting the arsine in the sample having the known arsenic concentration with a reagent to produce a chemiluminescent emiss...
0
836,202
NOx--NOx: who's there
Frampton, MW; Greaves, IA; ATS Environmental Health Policy Committee
2,009
null
0
631,177
Evolution of the oxidative capacity of the troposphere since the Last Glacial Maximum
Murray, LT; Kaplan, JO; Sofen, ED; Leibensperger, EM; Alexander, B; Jones, DBA; Jacob, DJ
2,009
Concentrations of the tropospheric oxidants (OH, O3, H2O2 , NO3) may have undergone large changes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as a result of changing climate and most recently human influence. Changing climate affects tropospheric oxidant concentrations not only via the meteorological environment but also thro...
0
196,720
Air pollution and asthma severity in adults
Rage, E; Siroux, V; Kunzli, N; Pin, I; Kauffmann, F
2,009
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that exposure to air pollution affects asthma, but the effect of air pollution on asthma severity has not been addressed. The aim was to assess the relation between asthma severity during the past 12 months and home outdoor concentrations of air pollution. METHODS: Asthma seve...
1
191,410
Foliar resistance to ozone injury in the genetic base of US and Canadian soybean and prediction of resistance in descendent cultivars using coefficient of parentage
Burkey, KO; Carter, TE
2,009
Development of ozone (O-3) resistant cultivars is a potentially important approach for maintaining crop productivity tinder future climate scenarios in which tropospheric O-3 pollution is projected to rise. A first step in the breeding of resistant cultivars for a crop Such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is identi...
0
191,685
Structural and physiological responses to ozone in Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) leaves of seedlings and mature trees under controlled and ambient conditions
Paoletti, E; Contran, N; Bernasconi, P; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Vollenweider, P
2,009
Leaf-level microscopical symptom structure and physiological responses were investigated in seedlings experimentally exposed to ozone (03) in indoor chambers (150 ppb, 8 h d(-1)/7 weeks), and field trees of Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) exposed to ambient 03 (max 93 ppb/ one growing season). Ozone-induced leaf injury, inc...
0
670,283
Information, avoidance behavior, and health: The effect of ozone on asthma hospitalizations
Neidell, M
2,009
This paper assesses whether responses to information about risk impact estimates of the relationship between ozone and asthma in Southern California. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find smog alerts significantly reduce daily attendance at two major outdoor facilities. Using daily time-series regression mode...
1
689,720
Erratum to: Changes of net photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant contents of Liriodendron tulipifera under elevated ozone
Ryang SZ; Woo SY; Kwon SY; Kim SH; Lee SH; Kim KN; Lee DK
2,009
null
0
196,877
Productivity and community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps under increased atmospheric CO2 and O3
Andrew, C; Lilleskov, EA
2,009
Sporocarp production is essential for ectomycorrhizal fungal recombination and dispersal, which influences fungal community dynamics. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) affect host plant carbon gain and allocation, which may in turn influence ectomycorrhizal sporocarp production if the carbon a...
0
199,777
Photosynthetic and yield responses of an old and a modern winter wheat cultivars to short-term ozone exposure
Xu, H; Chen, SB; Biswas, DK; Li, YG; Jiang, GM
2,009
In order to study the responses of winter wheat cultivars released in different years to short-term high O3 exposure, an old cultivar (`Nongda 311?, released in 1960s) and a modern one (`Yannong 19?, released in 1990s) were treated with an O3 exposure (145 ? 12 mm3 m?3, 4 h d?1 for 3 d) shortly after anthesis stage (> ...
0
486,377
Comparison of sources of submicron particle number concentrations measured at two sites in Rochester, NY
Kasumba, J; Hopke, PK; Chalupa, DC; Utell, MJ
2,009
Sources contributing to the submicron particles (100-470 nm) measured between January 2002 and December 2007 at two different New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC) sites in Rochester, NY were identified and apportioned using a bilinear receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF). Mea...
0
102,181
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration partially masks the negative effects of elevated O3 in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)
Vapaavuori, E; Holopainen, JK; Holopainen, T; Julkunen-Tiitto, R; Kaakinen, S; Kasurinen, A; Kontunen-Soppela, S; Kostiainen, K; Oksanen, E; Peltonen, P; Riikonen, J; Tulva, I
2,009
This review summarizes the main results from a 3-year open top chamber experiment, with two silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones (4 and 80) where impacts of 2X ambient [CO2] (EC) and [O-3] (EO) and their combination (EC + EO) were examined. Growth, physiology of the foliage and root systems, crown structure, wood ...
0
695,485
The effect of temperature inversions on ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using temperature profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Wallace, J; Kanaroglou, P
2,009
We investigate the effects of temperature inversions on the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere over the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area and environs in Ontario, Canada, for the period 2003 to 2007. Vertical temperature profiles extracted from data acquired by the At...
0
199,449
Yield dilution of grain Zn in wheat grown in open-top chamber experiments with elevated CO2 and O-3 exposure
Pleijel, H; Danielsson, H
2,009
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grain Zn data from six open-top chamber experiments performed in southwest Sweden were combined to study the relationship between Zn accumulation and grain yield, grain protein, and yield components. Treatments included, in addition to open-top chamber controls, elevated CO2, elevated O-3, c...
0
191,565
Ozone and nitric oxide induce cGMP-dependent and -independent transcription of defence genes in tobacco
Pasqualini, S; Meier, S; Gehring, C; Madeo, L; Fornaciari, M; Romano, B; Ederli, L
2,009
Here, we analyse the temporal signatures of ozone (O-3)-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) and the role of the second messenger guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in transcriptional changes of genes diagnostic for biotic and abiotic stress responses. Within 90 min O-3 induced H2O2 and NO pe...
0
199,448
Anthocyanins and tannins in ozone-fumigated guava trees
de Rezende, FM; Furlan, CM
2,009
Psidium guajava "Paluma", a tropical tree species, is known to be an efficient ozone indicator in tropical countries. When exposed to ozone, this species displays a characteristic leaf injury identified by inter-veinal red stippling on adaxial leaf surfaces. Following 30 days of three ozone treatments consisting of car...
0
785,552
Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission
Zhang, Q; Streets, DG; Carmichael, GR; He, KB; Huo, H; Kannari, A; Klimont, Z; Park, IS; Reddy, S; Fu, JS; Chen, D; Duan, L; Lei, Y; Wang, LT; Yao, ZL
2,009
A new inventory of air pollutant emissions in Asia in the year 2006 is developed to suort the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B) funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources, excluding biomass burning. We es...
0
597,950
Maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and risk of congenital anomalies
Rankin, J; Chadwick, T; Natarajan, M; Howel, D; Pearce, MS; Pless-Mulloli, T
2,009
Studies have suggested an association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of congenital anomaly. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between exposure to black smoke (BS; particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <4 ?g/m3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) during the first trimeste...
0
695,409
Ozone Exposure and Mortality
Semple, JL; Moore, GWK
2,009
null
0
778,748
A GCM study of future climate response to aerosol pollution reductions
Kloster, S; Dentener, F; Feichter, J; Raes, F; Lohmann, U; Roeckner, E; Fischer-Bruns, I
2,009
We use the global atmospheric GCM aerosol model ECHAM5-HAM to asses possible impacts of future air pollution mitigation strategies on climate. Air quality control strategies focus on the reduction of aerosol emissions. Here we investigate the extreme case of a maximum feasible end-of-pipe abatement of aerosols in the n...
0
616,370
Airborne observations of total RONO2: New constraints on the yield and lifetime of isoprene nitrates
Perring, AE; Bertram, TH; Wooldridge, PJ; Fried, A; Heikes, BG; Dibb, J; Crounse, JD; Wennberg, PO; Blake, NJ; Blake, DR; Brune, WH; Singh, HB; Cohen, RC
2,009
Formation of isoprene nitrates (INs) is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. Isoprene nitrates also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nit...
1
199,361
Effects of air pollution on yield of mungbean in Lahore, Pakistan
Ahmed, S
2,009
Experiments were conducted with two commonly grown mungbean varieties viz., M-28 and 6601, in open top chambers and ambient field conditions with the aim of ascertaining the effects of air pollution on yield. The 8-h daily mean ozone concentrations were 41-73 nl litre(-1). A considerable reduction of 47.06% and 51.12% ...
0
615,710
Summary and findings of the EPA and CDC symposium on air pollution exposure and health
Ozkaynak, H; Glenn, B; Qualters, , JR; Strosnider, H; Mcgeehin, MA; Zenick, H
2,009
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) co-organized a symposium on "Air Pollution Exposure and Health" at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina on September 19-20, 2006. The symposium brought together health and environmental scientists to discuss the state of t...
0
595,767
Effects of ozone on wild type and transgenic tobacco
Guo, J; Li, XF; Qi, DM; Chen, SY; Li, ZQ; Nijs, I; Li, YG; Liu, GS
2,009
Tocopherol cyclase (TC, encoded by gene VTE1) catalyzes the penultimate step of tocopherol synthesis. In this study we used wild type and transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing VTE1 from Arabidopsis to examine the role of tocopherol in ozone sensitivity. Wild type plants responded to an 4-h exposure to 300 nmol mol(-...
0
199,359
Influence of elevated CO2 and O-3 on IAA, IAA oxidase and peroxidase in the leaves of ginkgo trees
Li, XM; He, XY; Zhang, LH; Chen, W; Chen, Q
2,009
This study examined the impacts of elevated CO2 or O-3 on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activities of IAA oxidase (IAAO) and peroxidase (POD) in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Plants grown in open-top chambers were exposed to ambient atmosphere (control; C), elevated CO2 and elevated O-3 from 1 June to 30 September. An in...
0
596,143
Tuning growth versus defence-belowground interactions and plant resource allocation
Schloter, M; Matyssek, R
2,009
null
0
749,705
HOx radical regeneration in the oxidation of isoprene
Peeters, J; Nguyen, TL; Vereecken, L
2,009
We propose, and quantify from first principles, two novel HO(x)-regenerating unimolecular reactions in isoprene oxidation, which are estimated to yield in pristine tropical forest conditions about 0.7 HO(2) and 0.03 OH radicals per isoprene oxidized; it is further argued that the photolabile coproduct of HO(2) can be a...
1
607,260
Carbon dioxide balance of a fen ecosystem in northern Finland under elevated UV-B radiation
Haapala, JK; Morsky, SK; Saarnio, S; Rinnan, R; Suokanerva, H; Kyr, E; Latola, K; Martikanen, PJ; Holopainen, T; Silvola, J
2,009
The effect of elevated UV-B radiation on CO2 exchange of a natural flark fen was studied in open-field conditions during 2003-2005. The experimental site was located in Sodankyla in northern Finland (67?22'N, 26?38'E, 179 m a.s.l.). Altogether 30 study plots, each 120 cm x120 cm in size, were randomly distributed betwe...
1
596,219
Leaf and canopy conductance in aspen and aspen-birch forests under free-air enrichment of carbon dioxide and ozone
Uddling, J; Teclaw, RM; Pregitzer, KS; Ellsworth, DS
2,009
Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O-3) have the potential to affect tree physiology and structure, and hence forest feedbacks on climate. Here, we investigated how elevated concentrations of CO2 (+ 45%) and O-3 (+ 35%), alone and in combination, affected conductance f...
1
626,110
Summary health statistics for U.S. children: National Health Interview Survey, 2008
Bloom, B; Cohen, RA; Freeman, G
2,009
OBJECTIVES: This report presents both age-adjusted and unadjusted statistics from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent education, family income, poverty status, health insu...
1
695,462
Ozone exposure and mortality
Tong, DQ; Yu, S; Kan, H
2,009
null
0
603,236
Air pollution and emergency room visits for arrhythmias: Are there potentially sensitive groups?
Chiu, HF; Yang, CY
2,009
Recent studies showed that air pollution is a risk factor for hospitalization for arrhythmias. However, there is limited evidence to suggest which subpopulations are at higher risk for arrhythmia development due to increased air pollutant exposure. This study was undertaken to examine the modifying effect of specific s...
1