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680,001
Ameliorative effect of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester against amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity
Jung Choi, S; Kim, MJ; Jin Heo, H; Kim, JK; Jin Jun, W; Kim, HK; Kim, EK; Ok Kim, M; Yon Cho, H; Hwang, HJ; Jun Kim, Y; Shin, DH
2,009
Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress may be linked to neurodegenerative disease. Ethanol extracts of Rosa laevigata protected PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction assays revealed a significant increase in c...
0
191,710
Using manure to compensate ozone-induced yield loss in potato plants cultivated in the east of Spain
Calvo, E; Calvo, I; Jimenez, A; Porcuna, JL; Sanz, MJ
2,009
The aim of this study was to investigate how the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv Desiree. would respond to ozone exposure under three different Manure supplies, in order to test the efficiency Of Manure as a protector against ozone. Potato plants were exposed in the greenhouse to three ozone levels: charcoal filtered air...
0
613,291
Long-term UVB irradiation affects the immune functions of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Markkula, E; Salo, HM; Rikalainen, K; Jokinen, IE
2,009
The effects of long-term, low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on immune functions of two fish species representing different taxonomic groups, carp ( Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss), were assessed in this study. The fish were exposed to 7, 20 or 60 mJ cm<sup>??E?a??2</sup> UVB three times p...
1
191,625
Protection of palak (Beta vulgaris L. var Allgreen) plants from ozone injury by ethylenediurea (EDU): Roles of biochemical and physiological variations in alleviating the adverse impacts
Tiwari, S; Agrawal, M
2,009
Ameliorative effects of ethylenediurea, (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolinidyl) ethyl]-N' phenylurea, abbreviated as EDU) against ozone stress were studied on selected growth, biochemical, physiological and yield characteristics of palak (Beta vulgaris L. var Allgreen) plants grown in field at a suburban site of Varanasi, India...
0
694,508
[Physical factors of the urban dwelling environment: Ecological and hygienic aspects]
Gubenski?, I
2,009
The paper describes the ecological and hygienic significance of the physical factors of the urban dwelling environment: the macroclimate of a residential area, the microclimate within the residential and public buildings, the ionic ozone regimen of premises, an electromagnetic load on the population, the problems assoc...
0
191,564
Ozone and Mediterranean ecology: Plants, people, problems
Paoletti, E
2,009
Ozone (O3) is both a toxic pollutant and a powerful greenhouse gas (Bytnerowicz et al., 2007). Ground-level background O3 concentrations have doubled since pre-industrial times, and are rising at an annual rate of 0.5?2% over the mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (Vingarzan, 2004). Since 1990, emissions of precu...
0
608,402
Visibility, air quality and daily mortality in Shanghai, China
Huang, W; Tan, JG; Kan, HD; Zhao, N; Song, WM; Song, GX; Chen, GH; Jiang, LL; Jiang, C; Chen, RJ; Chen, BH
2,009
This study was designed to assess the association between visibility and air quality, and to determine whether the variations in daily mortality were associated with fluctuations in visibility levels in Shanghai, China. Mortality data were extracted from the death certificates, provided by Shanghai Municipal Center of ...
0
191,460
Importance of carbon-nitrogen interactions and ozone on ecosystem hydrology during the 21st century
Felzer, BS; Cronin, TW; Melillo, JM; Kicklighter, DW; Schlosser, CA
2,009
There is evidence that increasing CO2 concentrations have reduced evapotranspiration and increased runoff through reductions in stomatal conductance during the twentieth century. While this process will continue to counteract increased evapotranspiration associated with future warming, it is highly dependent upon concu...
1
198,916
Interaction reaction
Kaufman, JS
2,009
A rose by any other name may smell as sweet, but this is no license to ignore the importance of precise language in scientific writing. Many of the technical terms used in epidemiology have alternate meanings in common parlance. Statisticians are particularly clever at transforming mundane words into apt metaphors (eg,...
0
199,241
Indicators of ozone effects on Fagus sylvatica L. by means of spectroradiometric measurements
Panigada, C; Rossini, M; Meroni, M; Marzuoli, R; Gerosa, G; Colombo, R
2,009
In this paper optical indices calculated from leaf reflectance measurements, acquired with a high resolution spectroradiometer, were investigated to monitor 03 stress on Fagus sylvatica L. from the strain phase to the damage phase when visible symptoms occur (e.g. chlorosis, leaf browning). The CI (Chlorophyll Index) w...
0
191,414
Forest soil carbon cycle under elevated CO2 - a case of increased throughput?
Lukac, M; Lagomarsino, A; Moscatelli, MC; De Angelis, P; Cotrufo, MF; Godbold, DL
2,009
Forest soils account for a large part of the stable carbon pool held in terrestrial ecosystems. Future levels of atmospheric CO2 are likely to increase C input into the soils through increased above- and below-ground production of forests. This increased input will result in greater sequestration of C only if the addit...
0
694,529
Climate change and respiratory disease: European Respiratory Society position statement
Ayres, JG; Forsberg, B; Annesi-Maesano, I; Dey, R; Ebi, KL; Helms, PJ; Medina-Ramon, M; Windt, M; Forastiere, F; Environm Hlth Comm European Resp, S
2,009
Climate change will affect individuals with pre-existing respiratory disease, but the extent of the effect remains unclear. The present position statement was developed on behalf of the European Respiratory Society in order to identify areas of concern arising from climate change for individuals with respiratory diseas...
0
199,834
Less air pollution leads to rapid reduction of airway inflammation and improved airway function in asthmatic children
Renzetti, G; Silvestre, G; D'Amario, C; Bottini, E; Gloria-Bottini, F; Bottini, N; Auais, A; Perez, MK; Piedimonte, G
2,009
OBJECTIVE: Air pollution can promote airway inflammation, posing significant health risks for children with chronic respiratory problems. However, it is unknown whether this process is reversible, so that limiting pollution will benefit these children. We measured the short-term response of allergic asthmatic children ...
1
694,521
Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2008
Andrady, A; Aucamp, PJ; Bais, AF; Ballare, CL; Bjoern, LO; Bornman, JF; Caldwell, M; Cullen, AP; Erickson, DJ; de Gruijl, FR; Haeder, DP; Ilyas, M; Kulandaivelu, G; Kumar, HD; Longstreth, J; Mckenzie, RL; Norval, M; Paul, N; Redhwi, HH; Smith, RC; Solomon, KR; Sulzberger, B; Takizawa, Y; Tang, XY; Teramura, AH; Torikai...
2,009
After the enthusiastic celebration of the 20(th) Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 2007, the work for the protection of the ozone layer continues. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel is one of the three expert panels within the Montreal Protocol. This "EEAP" deals...
0
567,619
Secondary VOC emissions from flooring material surfaces exposed to ozone or UV irradiation
Kagi, N; Fujii, S; Tamura, H; Namiki, N
2,009
Chemical reactions on the surface of building materials can lead to secondary emissions from these materials that influence indoor air quality. Many studies have been made on the physical processes that influence material emissions. However, there are only a few studies on secondary emissions resulting from exposure of...
0
190,324
Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular malformations in Atlanta, Georgia, 1986-2003
Strickland, MJ; Klein, M; Correa, A; Reller, MD; Mahle, WT; Riehle-Colarusso, TJ; Botto, LD; Flanders, WD; Mulholland, JA; Siffel, C; Marcus, M; Tolbert, PE
2,009
Associations between ambient air pollution levels during weeks 3-7 of pregnancy and risks of cardiovascular malformations were investigated among the cohort of pregnancies reaching at least 20 weeks' gestation that were conceived during January 1, 1986-March 12, 2003, in Atlanta, Georgia. Surveillance records obtained ...
1
191,612
Pigment-based Identification of Ozone-Damaged Pine Needles as a Basis for Spectral Segregation of Needle Conditions
Di Vittorio, AV
2,009
Air pollution affects large areas of forest, and field assessment of these effects is a costly, site-specific process. This paper establishes a biochemical basis for identifying ozone-damaged pine trees to facilitate efficient remote sensing assessment of air pollution damage. Several thousand live needles were collect...
0
199,817
Ozone responsive genes in Medicago truncatula: Analysis by suppression subtraction hybridization
Puckette, M; Peal, L; Steele, J; Tang, Y; Mahalingam, R
2,009
Acute ozone is a model abiotic elicitor of oxidative stress in plants. In order to identify genes that are important for conferring ozone resistance or sensitivity we used two accessions of Medicago truncatula with contrasting responses to this oxidant. We used suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) to identify ge...
0
597,382
Air pollution and infant health: Lessons from New Jersey
Currie, J; Neidell, M; Schmieder, JF
2,009
We examine the impact of three "criteria" air pollutants on infant health in New Jersey in the 1990s by combining information about mother's residential location from birth certificates with information from air quality monitors. Our work offers three important innovations. First, we use the exact addresses of mothers ...
0
597,085
Outdoor air pollution is associated with disease severity in a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Wood, AM; Harrison, RM; Semple, S; Ayres, JG; Stockley, RA
2,009
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term air pollution exposure is associated with clinical phenotype in a1-antitrypsin deficiency. In total, 304 PiZZ subjects underwent full lung function testing and quantitative high-resolution computed tomography to identify the presence and severity of the...
1
199,779
Smelling global climate change: Mitigation of function for plant volatile organic compounds
Yuan, JS; Himanen, SJ; Holopainen, JK; Chen, F; Stewart, CN, Jr
2,009
Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have important roles in plant adaptation to the environment and serve as infochemicals in multitrophic interactions. Global climate change factors, such as increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, ozone and temperature, could alter how insects perceive such compounds. Here we review...
1
199,374
Air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of some plants around Erhoike-Kokori oil exploration site of Delta State, Nigeria
Agbaire, PO
2,009
The study examined air pollution tolerance indices ( APTI) of ten plant species around the Erhoike-Kokori oil exploration station of Delta state. Four physiological and biochemical parameters; leaf relative water content (RWC) ascorbic acid content ( AA), total leaf chlorophyll (TCh) and leaf extract pH were used to co...
0
196,722
Modification by influenza on health effects of air pollution in Hong Kong
Wong, CM; Yang, L; Thach, TQ; Chau, PY; Chan, KP; Thomas, GN; Lam, TH; Wong, TW; Hedley, AJ; Peiris, JS
2,009
BACKGROUND: Both influenza viruses and air pollutants have been well documented as major hazards to human health, but few epidemiologic studies have assessed effect modification of influenza on health effects of ambient air pollutants. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess modifying effects of influenza on health effects of a...
1
2,021,661
SURFATM-NH3: a model combining the surface energy balance and bi-directional exchanges of ammonia applied at the field scale
Personne, E; Loubet, B; Herrmann, B; Mattsson, M; Schjoerring, JK; Nemitz, E; Sutton, MA; Cellier, P
2,009
A new biophysical model SURFATM-NH3, simulating the ammonia (NH(3)) exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is presented. SURFATM-NH3 consists of two coupled models: (i) an energy budget model and (ii) a pollutant exchange model, which distinguish the soil and plant exchange processes. The model desc...
0
596,258
Experimental setup of field lysimeters for studying effects of elevated ozone and below-ground pathogen infection on a plant-soil-system of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Winkler, JB; Lang, H; Graf, W; Reth, S; Munch, JC
2,009
An experiment, focusing on the effects of chronically enhanced O-3 regimes on young beech (Fagus sylvatica) and on the microbial rhizosphere community structure, was conducted from November 2002 to August 2006 in eight field lysimeters at the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen. The instrumentations of the lysimeters enabled the...
0
200,767
The impact of surfactant protein-A on ozone-induced changes in the mouse bronchoalveolar lavage proteome
Haque, R; Umstead, TM; Freeman, WM; Floros, J; Phelps, DS
2,009
Background Ozone is a major component of air pollution. Exposure to this powerful oxidizing agent can cause or exacerbate many lung conditions, especially those involving innate immunity. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) plays many roles in innate immunity by participating directly in host defense as it exerts opsonin func...
1
199,297
A comparison of North American and Asian exposure-response data for ozone effects on crop yields
Emberson, LD; Buker, P; Ashmore, MR; Mills, G; Jackson, LS; Agrawal, M; Atikuzzaman, MD; Cinderby, S; Engardt, M; Jamir, C; Kobayashi, K; Oanh, NTK; Quadir, QF; Wahid, A
2,009
Modelling-based studies to assess the extent and magnitude of ozone (O-3) risk to agriculture in Asia suggest that yield losses of 5-20% for important crops may be common in areas experiencing elevated O-3 concentrations. These assessments have relied on European and North American dose-response relationships and hence...
0
595,107
The metrological parameters of ozonometry
Mgaloblishvili, KD; Nakashidze, VN; Dadunashvili, GG; Mgaloblishvili, DK; Tskipurishvili, TZ
2,009
The physicochemical characteristics of ozone, which are of importance both when measuring its concentration and when preparing ozone?air (gaseous) verifying mixtures, are considered. Instruments which measure ozone concentration may operate on different principles. In particular, one of methods of measurement can be ba...
0
668,910
Photodissolution and other photochemical changes upon irradiation of algal detritus
Mayer, LM; Schick, LL; Hardy, KR; Estapa, ML
2,009
Several recent lines of literature point toward strong photoreactivity of phytoplanktonic detritus. We examined effects of irradiation of algal membrane fragments in various stages of decay, with emphasis on transfer of materials from solid to dissolved phase (photodissolution). After simulated solar irradiation for 24...
1
191,774
Risk and exposure assessment for review of the secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulfur
null
2,009
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is conducting a joint review of the existing secondary (welfare-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx).1 EPA has decided to jointly assess the scientific information, associated risks, and standards relevant ...
1
596,406
Ozone and allergen exposure during postnatal development alters the frequency and airway distribution of CD25+ cells in infant rhesus monkeys
Miller, LA; Gerriets, JE; Tyler, NK; Abel, K; Schelegle, ES; Plopper, CG; Hyde, DM
2,009
The epidemiologic link between air pollutant exposure and asthma has been supported by experimental findings, but the mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we evaluated the impact of combined ozone and house dust mite (HDM) exposure on the immunophenotype of peripheral blood and airway lymphocytes from rhesus m...
1
635,846
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s strategic plan for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals
null
2,009
null
1
195,868
Social disadvantage, air pollution, and asthma physician visits in Toronto, Canada
Burra, TA; Moineddin, R; Agha, MM; Glazier, RH
2,009
BACKGROUND: Previous research demonstrates that ambient air pollution exacerbates asthma. Asthma morbidity also varies with socioeconomic position (SEP). Few studies have examined if ambient air pollution has a differential impact on income subgroups of the population. This paper investigates socioeconomic variation in...
1
192,362
Ambient air pollution and birth defects in Brisbane, Australia
Hansen, CA; Barnett, AG; Jalaludin, B; Morgan, G
2,009
Birth defects are a major public health concern as they are the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality. Observational studies have linked environmental pollution to adverse birth outcomes, including congenital anomalies. This study examined potential associations between ambient air pollution and congenital hea...
1
595,696
Effects of ozone and Phytophthora citricola on non-structural carbohydrates of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings
Fleischmann, F; Winkler, JB; Osswald, W
2,009
A lysimeter study was performed to monitor long term effects of chronic ozone enrichment on saplings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L). After 3 years of ozone exposure a root infection with Phytophthora citricola Swada was established in the fourth year to study the interaction between elevated ozone and the root i...
0
199,203
Relationship between leaf antioxidants and ozone injury in Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel-W3' under environmental conditions in Sao Paulo, SE - Brazil
Esposito, MP; Ferreira, ML; Sant'Anna, SMR; Domingos, M; Souza, , SR
2,009
Previous studies have reported that the extent of leaf injury in Nicotiana tabacum "Bel-W3'' exposed to environmental conditions in the city of Sao Paulo is influenced by weather conditions. This influence may occur by means of antioxidant responses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether daily antioxidant response...
0
191,623
Process-based modelling of biogenic monoterpene emissions combining production and release from storage
Schurgers, G; Arneth, A; Holzinger, R; Goldstein, AH
2,009
Monoterpenes, primarily emitted by terrestrial vegetation, can influence atmospheric ozone chemistry, and can form precursors for secondary organic aerosol. The short-term emissions of monoterpenes have been well studied and understood, but their long-term variability, which is particularly important for atmospheric ch...
0
695,495
Changes in indoor pollutants since the 1950s
Weschler, CJ
2,009
Over the past half-century there have been major changes in building materials and consumer products used indoors. Composite-wood, synthetic carpets. polymeric flooring, foam Cushioning, plastic items and scented cleaning agents have become ubiquitous. The same is true for mechanical and electrical appliances such as w...
0
595,113
Fiber optic sensor for simultaneous determination of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and relative humidity
Ohira, SI; Dasgupta, PK; Schug, KA
2,009
We describe a novel optical sensor for the simultaneous measurement of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and relative humidity (RH). A transparent backing thin layer silica gel chromatographic plate impregnated with 8-amino-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid (ANS) is used as the collection/sensor element. The pla...
1
596,020
Transcript responses in leaves of ozone-treated beech saplings seasons at an outdoor free air model fumigation site over two growing seasons
Olbrich, M; Gerstner, E; Welzl, G; Winkler, JB; Ernst, D
2,009
The still most abundant air pollutant, tropospheric ozone, leads to severe oxidative stress in plants. To investigate the ozone responsiveness of trees, we carried out a microarray analysis of beech saplings, grown around a free air lysimeter station in the years 2005 and 2006. The microarrays revealed ozone-responsive...
1
695,352
Multi-criteria analysis for PM10 planning
Pisoni, E; Carnevale, C; Volta, M
2,009
To implement sound air quality policies, Regulatory Agencies require tools to evaluate outcomes and costs associated to different emission reduction strategies. These tools are even more useful when considering atmospheric PM10 concentrations due to the complex nonlinear processes that affect production and accumulatio...
0
668,905
Signal transduction in responses to UV-B radiation
Jenkins, GI
2,009
UV-B radiation is a key environmental signal that initiates diverse responses in plants that affect metabolism, development, and viability. Many effects of UV-B involve the differential regulation of gene expression. The response to UV-B depends on the nature of the UV-B treatment, the extent of adaptation and acclimat...
1
623,519
Modifying effect of age on the association between ambient ozone and nighttime primary care visits due to asthma attack
Yamazaki, S; Shima, M; Ando, M; Nitta, H
2,009
Background: We examined the association between short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and nighttime primary care visits due to asthma attack. We also investigated the modifying effects of age on this association. Methods: A case-crossover study was conducted at a primary care clinic in metropolitan Tokyo. The ...
0
197,202
Pulmonary ozone exposure induces vascular dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and atherogenesis
Chuang, GC; Yang, Z; Westbrook, DG; Pompilius, M; Ballinger, CA; White, RC; Krzywanski, DM; Postlethwait, EM; Ballinger, SW
2,009
More than 100 million people in the United States live in areas that exceed current ozone air quality standards. In addition to its known pulmonary effects, environmental ozone exposures have been associated with increased hospital admissions related to cardiovascular events but to date, no studies have elucidated the ...
1
622,168
The sensitivity of OMI-derived nitrogen dioxide to boundary layer temperature inversions
Wallace, J; Kanaroglou, P
2,009
We assess the sensitivity of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), to episodes of temperature inversion in the lower boundary layer. Vertical temperature data were obtained from a 91-m meteorological tower located in the study area, which is centered on the Hamilton Cen...
0
180,082
Environmental factors and hospitalisation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a rural county of England
Sauerzapf, V; Jones, AP; Cross, J
2,009
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies in urban areas have shown associations between air pollutants and hospital admissions for COPD. Whether temporal variations in air quality are associated with hospital admissions for COPD in a rural regi...
0
644,196
Effect of two different ambient ozone concentrations on antioxidative enzymes in leaves of two tobacco cultivars with contrasting ozone sensitivity
Bandurska, H; Borowiak, K; Miara M
2,009
Eight-week-old tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Bel W3 (ozone sensitive) and Bel B (ozone resistant) cultivars were exposed to ozone for two weeks at two sites with differing tropospheric ozone levels in five independent series from May 27 to July 25, 2004. After each exposition, the degree of ozone-caused visible leaf d...
0
190,339
Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and reproductive health
Woodruff, TJ; Parker, JD; Darrow, LA; Slama, R; Bell, ML; Choi, H; Glinianaia, S; Hoggatt, KJ; Karr, CJ; Lobdell, DT; Wilhelm, M
2,009
In the past decade there have been an increasing number of scientific studies describing possible effects of air pollution on perinatal health. These papers have mostly focused on commonly monitored air pollutants, primarily ozone (O(3)), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrog...
0
179,916
Integrated science assessment (ISA) for particulate matter (Final report, Dec 2009)
null
2,009
EPA has released the final Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Particulate Matter (PM). This is EPA?s latest evaluation of the scientific literature on the potential human health and welfare effects associated with ambient exposures to particulate matter (PM). The development of this document is part of the Agency'...
1
2,992,007
Decline in Arctic sea ice thickness from submarine and ICESat records: 1958-2008
Kwok, R; Rothrock, DA
2,009
The decline of sea ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean from ICESat (2003?2008) is placed in the context of estimates from 42 years of submarine records (1958?2000) described by Rothrock et al. (1999, 2008). While the earlier 1999 work provides a longer historical record of the regional changes, the latter offers a more r...
0
191,578
Ozone fluxes and foliar injury development in the ozone-sensitive poplar clone Oxford (Populus maximowiczii x Populus berolinensis): A dose-response analysis
Marzuoli, R; Gerosa, G; Desotgiu, R; Bussotti, F; Ballarin-Denti, A
2,009
Between 2004 and 2005 a combined open plot and open-top chamber (OTC) experiment was carried out Lit Curno (Northern Italy) With cuttings of the poplar clone Oxford (Populus maximowiczii Henry x Populus herolinensis Dippel) grown in open plots (OPs, ambient air), charcoal-filtered OTCs (CF, ozone concentration reduced ...
0
595,165
Alternative method for determining the constant offset in lidar signal
Kovalev, VA; Wold, C; Petkov, A; Hao, WM
2,009
We present an alternative method for determining the total offset in lidar signal created by a daytime background-illumination component and electrical or digital offset. Unlike existing techniques, here the signal square-range-correction procedure is initially performed using the total signal recorded by lidar, withou...
0
630,281
Influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural emissions, and air quality
Jacobson, MZ; Streets, DG
2,009
This study examines the effects of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, and the resulting feedback to natural emissions and air quality. Speciated sector? and region?specific 2030 emission factors were developed to produce gas and particle emission inventories that followed Special Report on Emission Scenarios (S...
1
620,751
Increase in springtime tropospheric ozone at a mountainous site in Japan for the period 1998-2006
Tanimoto, H
2,009
The trend of tropospheric ozone from 1998 to 2006 was examined based on continuous measurements made at a site on Mt. Happo, Japan. We focused our study on springtime ozone, to coincide with the East Asian continental Outflow that dominates the lower tropospheric ozone over Japan during this season. The observed increa...
1
197,802
Cholesterol oxidation products and disease: An emerging topic of interest in medicinal chemistry
Sottero, B; Gamba, P; Gargiulo, S; Leonarduzzi, G; Poli, G
2,009
Oxysterols are a family of 27-carbon cholesterol oxidation derivatives that may be absorbed with the diet or originated endogenously. These cholesterol metabolites are now considered to be potentially involved in the initiation and progression of major chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative proce...
0
195,836
Specific fluorogenic probes for ozone in biological and atmospheric samples
Garner, AL; St Croix, CM; Pitt, BR; Leikauf, GD; Ando, S; Koide, K
2,009
Ozone exposure is a growing global health problem, especially in urban areas. While ozone in the stratosphere protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet light, tropospheric or ground-level ozone is toxic and can damage the respiratory tract. It has recently been shown that ozone may be produced endogenously in inflamm...
0
608,058
A combined model-observation approach to estimate historic gridded fields of PM2.5 mass and species concentrations
Hogrefe, C; Lynn, B; Goldberg, R; Rosenzweig, C; Zalewsky, E; Hao, W; Doraiswamy, P; Civerolo, K; Ku, JY; Sistla, G; Kinney, PL
2,009
This paper introduces a methodology for estimating gridded fields of total and speciated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for time periods and regions not covered by observational data. The methodology is based on performing long-term regional scale meteorological and air quality simulations and then inte...
0
782,707
Night-time transpiration can decrease hydraulic redistribution
Howard, AR; van Iersel, MW; Richards, JH; Donovan, LA
2,009
C(3) plants dominate many landscapes and are critically important for ecosystem water cycling. At night, plant water losses can include transpiration (E(night)) from the canopy and hydraulic redistribution (HR) from roots. We tested whether E(night) limits the magnitude of HR in a greenhouse study using Artemisia tride...
1
668,920
Quantifying the metabolic cost to an Antarctic liverwort of responding to an abrupt increase in UVB radiation exposure
Snell, KRS; Kokubun, T; Griffiths, H; Convey, P; Hodgson, DA; Newsham, KK
2,009
We quantified the metabolic cost to the Antarctic leafy liverwort Cephaloziella varians of responding to an abrupt increase in ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure in the natural environment at Rothera Point on the western Antarctic Peninsula (67 degrees 34'S, 68 degrees 07'W). The liverwort was protected from exposu...
1
194,009
Human exposure modeling: Air pollutants exposure model (APEX/TRIM.Expo Inhalation)
null
2,009
null
1
199,288
Formation of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene oxidation over Europe
Karl, M; Tsigaridis, K; Vignati, E; Dentener, F
2,009
The role of isoprene as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) over Europe is studied with the two-way nested global chemistry transport model TM5. The inclusion of the formation of SOA from isoprene oxidation in our model almost doubles the atmospheric burden of SOA over Europe compared to SOA formation from t...
0
595,115
Electrochemical ozone sensor and instrument with characterization of the electrode and gas flow effects
Ebeling, D; Patel, V; Findlay, M; Stetter, J
2,009
An electrochemical ozone sensor with a new sensing composite material has been developed. The ozone sensors exhibit a strong and stable response to ozone. The responses to flow velocity and concentration have been characterized in order to develop improved ozone sensing instrumentation. Nearly an order of magnitude cha...
1
951,652
Associations between personal, indoor, and residential outdoor pollutant concentrations: Implications for exposure assessment to size-fractionated particulate matter
Arhami, M; Polidori, A; Delfino, RJ; Tjoa, T; Sioutas, C
2,009
The physical and chemical characteristics of indoor, outdoor, and personal quasi-ultrafine (<0.25 microm)-, accumulation (0.25-2.5 microm)-, and coarse (2.5-10 microm)-mode particles were studied at four different retirement communities in southern California between 2005 and 2007. Linear mixed-effects models and Spear...
0
191,256
Biotic and abiotic stress down-regulate miR398 expression in Arabidopsis
Jagadeeswaran, G; Saini, A; Sunkar, R
2,009
MicroRNA398 targets two Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (CSD1 and CSD2) in higher plants. Previous investigations revealed both decreased miR398 expression during high Cu2+ or paraquat stress and increased expression under low Cu2+ or high sucrose in the growth medium. Here, we show that additional abiotic stresses such as...
0
191,430
Getting the interactions right: Will higher O3 levels interfere with induced defenses to aphid feeding?
Menendez, AI; Romero, AM; Folcia, AM; Martinez-Ghersa, MA
2,009
Induced defenses in response to biotic and abiotic agents share signalling and response pathways with many interaction points. Ozone (O-3)exposed plants show an increased production and rapid accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), which amplifies the initial oxidative signal. SA is also involved in the defense pathway in...
1
604,164
The built environment and health: Impacts of pedestrian-friendly designs on air pollution exposure
de Nazelle, A; Rodriguez, DA; Crawford-Brown, D
2,009
In the wake of the growing popularity of pedestrian-oriented community designs, it is timely to assess potential risk trade-offs of such urban planning strategies. Pedestrian-friendly designs are currently being called for and implemented in the US to tackle in particular problems associated with insufficient physical ...
0
199,802
Elevated CO2 and O3 effects on fine-root survivorship in ponderosa pine mesocosms
Phillips, DL; Johnson, MG; Tingey, DT; Storm, MJ
2,009
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) concentrations are rising, which may have opposing effects on tree C balance and allocation to fine roots. More information is needed on interactive CO(2) and O(3) effects on roots, particularly fine-root life span, a critical demographic parameter and determinant of ...
1
596,375
Ozone modulates IL-6 secretion in human airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells
Damera, G; Zhao, H; Wang, M; Smith, M; Kirby, C; Jester, WF; Lawson, JA; Panettieri, RA, Jr
2,009
Although ozone enhances leukocyte function and recruitment in airways, the direct effect of ozone in modulating structural cell-derived inflammatory mediators remains unknown. Using a coculture model comprised of differentiated human airway epithelial cells (NHBE) and smooth muscle cells (ASM), we postulate that ozone ...
0
630,273
Climate responses to direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and long-lived greenhouse gases in eastern China over 1951-2000
Chang, W; Liao, H; Wang, H
2,009
A unified chemistry-aerosol-climate model is applied in this work to compare climate responses to changing concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs, CO2, CH4, N2O), tropospheric O3, and aerosols during the years 1951?2000. Concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, primary organic carbon (POA), secondary organic ca...
1
595,122
Measurements of air quality using lidar system
Steffens, J; Landulfo, E; Guardani, R; Oller, CN; Moreira, A
2,009
Air pollution is a widely recognized hazard to human health. In industrial cities the emission of toxic gases and particulate matter create hazardous public health situations. Is the case of the industrial complex of Cubat?o, state of S?o Paulo that is one of the largest petrochemical and industrial in Brazil that has ...
0
628,847
Light?induced ozone depletion by humic acid films and submicron aerosol particles
D'Anna, B; Jammoul, A; George, C; Stemmler, K; Fahrni, S; Ammann, M; Wisthaler, A
2,009
The interactions of ozone with submicron particles and films consisting of humic acids of various origins were investigated under near-ultraviolet and visible irradiation using aerosol and coated wall flow-tube systems. Ozone loss to these surfaces was strongly activated in the presence of irradiation. Under simulated ...
1
192,156
Decreased sperm motility is associated with air pollution in Salt Lake City
Hammoud, A; Carrell, DT; Gibson, M; Sanderson, M; Parker-Jones, K; Matthew Peterson, C
2,009
Objective To study the correlation between indices of air pollution and sperm parameters. Design Ecological study. Setting Contained geographic area. Patient(s) Resident men presenting for semen analysis or artificial insemination. Intervention(s) Analysis of levels of particulate air pollution (particulate matter ...
0
201,574
Gamma-tocopherol attenuates ozone-induced exacerbation of allergic rhinosinusitis in rats
Wagner, JG; Harkema, JR; Jiang, Q; Illek, B; Ames, BN; Peden, DB
2,009
Compared to healthy subjects, individuals with allergic airway disease (e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis) have enhanced inflammatory responses to inhaled ozone. We created a rodent model of ozone-enhanced allergic nasal responses in Brown Norway rats to test the therapeutic effects of the dietary supplement gamma-tocoph...
1
651,897
Throwing a light on photosensitivity in atopic dermatitis: A retrospective study
ten Berge, O; van Weelden, H; Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C; de Bruin-Weller, MS; Sigurdsson, V
2,009
Background: Photosensitivity in atopic dermatitis (AD) is a well known but ill-defined phenomenon. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of photosensitivity in patients with AD, define its clinical characteristics, and analyze the photo provocation test (phototest) results. Methods: A retrospective study of patients ...
0
191,497
Isoprene synthesis protects transgenic tobacco plants from oxidative stress
Vickers, CE; Possell, M; Cojocariu, CI; Velikova, VB; Laothawornkitkul, J; Ryan, A; Mullineaux, PM; Hewitt, CN
2,009
Isoprene emission represents a significant loss of carbon to those plant species that synthesize this highly volatile and reactive compound. As a tool for studying the role of isoprene in plant physiology and biochemistry, we developed transgenic tobacco plants capable of emitting isoprene in a similar manner to and at...
1
595,589
Future land use and land cover influences on regional biogenic emissions and air quality in the United States
Chen, J; Avise, J; Guenther, A; Wiedinmyer, C; Salathe, E; Jackson, RB; Lamb, B
2,009
A regional modeling system was applied with inputs from global climate and chemistry models to quantify the effects of global change on future biogenic emissions and their impacts oil ozone and biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) in the US. Biogenic emissions in the future are influenced by projected changes in ...
0
191,531
A new stable isotope approach identifies the fate of ozone in plant-soil systems
Toet, S; Subke, JA; D'Haese, D; Ashmore, MR; Emberson, LD; Crossman, Z; Evershed, RP; Barnes, JD; Ineson, P
2,009
We show that the stable isotope O-18 can be used to trace ozone into different components of the plant-soil system at environmentally relevant concentrations. We exposed plants and soils to O-18-labelled ozone and used isotopic enrichment in plant dry matter, leaf water and leaf apoplast, as well as in soil dry matter ...
0
697,483
Increased belowground biomass and soil CO2 fluxes after a decade of carbon dioxide enrichment in a warm-temperate forest
Jackson, RB; Cook, CW; Pippen, JS; Palmer, SM
2,009
Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen 40% since the start of the industrial revolution. Beginning in 1996, the Duke Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment has exposed plots in a loblolly pine forest to an additional 200 lL/L CO2 compared to trees growing in ambient CO2. This paper presents new belowground dat...
0
595,970
Measurement and modelling ozone fluxes over a cut and fertilized grassland
Meszaros, R; Horvath, L; Weidinger, T; Neftel, A; Nemitz, E; Dammgen, U; Cellier, P; Loubet, B
2,009
During the GRAMINAE Integrated Experiment between 20 May and 15 June 2000, the ozone flux was measured by the eddy covariance method above intensively managed grassland in Braunschweig, northern Germany. Three different phases of vegetation were covered during the measuring campaign: tall grass canopy before cut (29 Ma...
0
199,748
Reactive uptake of ozone at simulated leaf surfaces: Implications for 'non-stomatal' ozone flux
Cape, JN; Hamilton, R; Heal, MR
2,009
The reaction of ozone (O3) with ?-pinene has been studied as a function of temperature and relative humidity and in the presence of wax surfaces that simulate a leaf surface. The objective was to determine whether the presence of a wax surface, in which ?-pinene could dissolve and form a high surface concentration, wou...
0
201,546
Self-assembly of fibrin monomers and fibrinogen aggregation during ozone oxidation
Rosenfeld, MA; Leonova, VB; Konstantinova, ML; Razumovskii, SD
2,009
The mechanism of self-assembly of fibrin monomers and fibrinogen aggregation during ozone oxidation has been studied by the methods of elastic and dynamic light-scattering and viscosimetry. Fibrin obtained from oxidized fibrinogen exhibits higher average fiber mass/length ratio compared with native fibrin. Fibrinogen o...
1
195,727
Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Comparison of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers
Bates, ML; Brenza, TM; Ben-Jebria, A; Bascom, R; Ultman, JS
2,009
In nonsmokers, ozone (O(3)) is removed primarily by the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the conducting airways. We hypothesized that cigarette smokers, whose ELF antioxidant capacity may be limited by smoking, would remove less O(3) from their conducting airways than nonsmokers. We recruited 29 nonsmokers (17M, 12F) a...
1
629,687
Stratospheric variability and tropospheric ozone
Hsu, J; Prather, MJ
2,009
Changes in the stratosphere?troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone over the last few decades have altered the tropospheric ozone abundance and are likely to continue doing so in the coming century as climate changes. Combining an updated linearized stratospheric ozone chemistry (Linoz v2) with parameterized polar stratosp...
1
187,038
Wyoming winter smog
Pinto, J
2,009
null
1
619,000
A characterization model with spatial and temporal resolution for life cycle impact assessment of photochemical precursors in the United States
Shah, VP; Ries, RJ
2,009
Traditional life cycle impact assessment methodologies have used aggregated characterization factors, neglecting spatial and temporal variations in regional impacts like photochemical oxidant formation. This increases the uncertainty of the LCA results and diminishes the ease of decision-making. This study compares fou...
0
190,351
Chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution and markers of systemic inflammation
Forbes, LJ; Patel, MD; Rudnicka, AR; Cook, DG; Bush, T; Stedman, JR; Whincup, PH; Strachan, DP; Anderson, RH
2,009
Cohort studies suggest that long-term exposure to higher levels of outdoor air pollution increases risk of developing cardiovascular disease. One suggested mechanism is that air pollution, especially particulate matter, induces systemic inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of developing long-term pathologic change...
1
190,346
Indoor air pollution and effects on human health
Zuskin, E; Schachter, E; Mustajbegovic, J; Pucarin-Cvetkovic, J; Doko-Jelinic, J; Mucic-Pucic, B
2,009
Background and Purpose: Indoor pollutants could be significant public health rises. People in modern societies spend about 90% of their time in indoor environment. In spite of the evidence of harm to human health, poor indoor environments are generally hard to understand. <br> <br>Materials and Methods: There are numer...
0
833,489
Nitric oxide synthase: &quot;enzyme zero&quot; in air pollution-induced vascular toxicity
Campen, MJ
2,009
null
0
607,788
Indoor air quality assessment in the air traffic control tower of the Athens Airport, Greece
Helmis, CG; Assimakopoulos, VD; Flocas, HA; Stathopoulou, OI; Sgouros, G; Hatzaki, M
2,009
In this study, an assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in the Athens Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) offices of Hellinicon building complex, which is mechanically ventilated, is presented. Measurements of PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs and CO2 concentrations were performed during three experimental cycles, while...
0
595,714
The alternative respiratory pathway allows sink to cope with changes in carbon availability in the sink-limited plant Erythronium americanum
Gandin, A; Lapointe, L; Dizengremel, P
2,009
Mechanisms that allow plants to cope with a recurrent surplus of carbon in conditions of imbalance between source and sink activity has not received much attention. The response of sink growth and metabolism to the modulation of source activity was investigated using elevated CO2 and elevated O-3 growth conditions in E...
0
199,313
Chemical diversity and defence metabolism: How plants cope with pathogens and ozone pollution
Iriti, M; Faoro, F
2,009
Chemical defences represent a main trait of the plant innate immune system. Besides regulating the relationship between plants and their ecosystems, phytochemicals are involved both in resistance against pathogens and in tolerance towards abiotic stresses, such as atmospheric pollution. Plant defence metabolites arise ...
1
668,899
Ocean acidification exacerbates the effect of UV radiation on the calcifying phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi
Gao, KS; Ruan, ZX; Villafane, VE; Gattuso, JP; Helbling, EW
2,009
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affects calcification in most planktonic calcifiers. Both reduced or stimulated calcification under high CO2 have been reported in the widespread coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. This might affect the response of cells to photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR; 400-700 nm) ...
1
651,859
Scientific and social controversies regarding UV and pigmentation: the beneficial effects of UV irradiance outweigh the risks
Grant, WB
2,009
null
0
669,197
Limits to marine life
Brewer, PG; Peltzer, ET
2,009
null
1
191,267
Changes of net photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant contents of Liriodendron tulipifera under elevated ozone
Ryang, SZ; Woo, SY; Kwon, SY; Kim, SH; Lee, SH; Kim, KN; Lee, DK
2,009
Liriodendron tulipifera was exposed to gradually elevated ozone concentrations of 100-300 mu g kg(-1) in the naturally irradiated environment chamber. During 15 d of exposure to O-3, net photosynthetic rate (P (N)) decreased and there was large difference between the control (C) and treatment with ozone (OT), while the...
1
191,669
Sensitivity of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. 'Purpurea' Boom to genotoxicity induced by ozone
Lima, ED; de Souza, SR; Domingos, M
2,009
The aims of this study were to investigate the sensitivity of Tradescantia pallida 'Purpurea' to genotoxicity induced by ozone, by means of the micronucleus (MCN) bioassay, to verify whether the intensity of genotoxic responses in inflorescences is modulated by concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) in their bracts, and/...
0
617,639
The influence of chemical interactions at the human surface on breathing zone levels of reactants and products
Rim, D; Novoselec, A; Morrison, G
2,009
P>Using computational fluid dynamics simulations of an occupant in a ventilated room, we find that breathing zone ozone levels can be substantially lower and ozone reaction products associated with human surfaces (ORPHS) levels considerably higher than room levels. For air exchange rates < 3/h, the ratio of the breathi...
0
1,657,521
The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) - Part 1: Model description and evaluation
Freitas, , SR; Longo, KM; Dias, M; Chatfield, R; Dias, PS; Artaxo, P; Andreae, MO; Grell, G; Rodrigues, LF; Fazenda, A; Panetta, J
2,009
We introduce the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS). CATT-BRAMS is an on-line transport model fully consistent with the simulated atmospheric dynamics. Emission sources from biomass burning and urban-industrial-vehicular acti...
0
191,526
Morphological and physiological responses of Scots pine fine roots to water supply in a dry climatic region in Switzerland
Brunner, I; Pannatier, EG; Frey, B; Rigling, A; Landolt, W; Zimmermann, S; Dobbertin, M
2,009
In recent decades. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in inner-Alpine dry valleys of Switzerland have suffered from drought and elevated temperatures, resulting in a higher mortality rate of trees than the mean mortality rate in Switzerland. We investigated the responses of fine roots (standing crop, morphologica...
0
199,303
Effects of elevated ozone on photosynthetic CO2 exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in leaves of Quercus mongolica grown in urban area
Wang, L; He, X; Chen, W
2,009
The aim of this study was to determine the responses of photosynthesis in leaves of Quercus mongolica to elevated O-3 exposure in an urban area. The results showed that the photosynthesis parameters were all decreased by the elevated O-3 during the whole season. Especially, light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A) w...
1