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651,868
Vitamin D and living in northern latitudes - An endemic risk area for vitamin D deficiency
Huotari, A; Herzig, KH
2,008
OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature on the health effects of vitamin D, especially the effects on inhabitants living in the northern latitudes. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. METHODS: The scientific literature concerning health effects of vitamin D was reviewed and the current dietary recommendations for inh...
0
156,586
Improving the presumptive disability decision-making process for veterans
null
2,008
null
0
91,268
The effect of sandstorms and air pollution on cause-specific hospital admissions in Taipei, Taiwan
Bell, ML; Levy, JK; Lin, Z
2,008
OBJECTIVE: Relatively little research exists focusing on the impact of air pollution on hospital admissions in Asia, compared to the extensive work conducted in the United States and Europe. The issue is of particular importance due to the frequency, intensity, and health effects of Asian sandstorms. This work investig...
1
195,140
Effects of exposure to 0.06 ppm ozone on FEV1 in humans: A secondary analysis of existing data
Brown, JS; Bateson, TF; Mcdonnell, WF
2,008
BACKGROUND: Ozone is a potent photochemical oxidant that produces transient, reversible decrements in the lung function of acutely exposed individuals. A recent study provided previously unavailable clinical data for 30 healthy young adults exposed to O(3) at 0.06 ppm. That study showed significant effects of 0.08 ppm ...
1
156,515
Adverse cardiovascular effects with acute particulate matter and ozone exposures: Interstrain variation in mice
Hamade, AK; Rabold, R; Tankersley, CG
2,008
OBJECTIVES: Increased ambient particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as shown by numerous epidemiology studies. Few studies have investigated the role of copollutants, such as ozone, in this association. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which PM affects cardiac function...
1
597,501
No effect of metformin on the innate airway hyperresponsiveness and increased responses to ozone observed in obese mice
Shore, SA; Williams, ES; Zhu, M
2,008
We have previously reported that obese db/db mice exhibit innate airway hyperresponsiveness. These mice also have enhanced inflammatory responses to ozone, a common air pollutant that exacerbates asthma. Since db/db mice are diabetic as well as obese, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether metformin,...
0
623,568
A cross-sectional study of respiratory and irritant health symptoms in photocopier workers in Taiwan
Yang, CY; Haung, YC
2,008
Photocopy workers are potentially exposed to high concentrations of a variety of pollutants emitted from photocopiers. The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not there is an excess of adverse health outcomes amongst photocopy employees. A cross-sectional health survey was undertaken to investigate the preva...
0
841,077
Environmental exposure in relation to exhaled nitric oxide in newborns: is it all about timing
Latzin, P; Frey, U
2,008
null
0
196,685
Ambient ozone concentrations cause increased hospitalizations for asthma in children: An 18-year study in Southern California
Moore, K; Neugebauer, R; Lurmann, F; Hall, J; Brajer, V; Alcorn, S; Tager, I
2,008
BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most important chronic disease of childhood. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that children with asthma continue to be susceptible to ozone-associated adverse effects on their disease. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate time trends in associations between dec...
1
191,491
Isoprene and nitric oxide reduce damages in leaves exposed to oxidative stress
Velikova, V; Fares, S; Loreto, F
2,008
Isoprene and nitric oxide (NO) are two volatile molecules that are produced in leaves. Both compounds were suggested to have an important protective role against stresses. We tested, in two isoprene-emitting species, Populus nigra and Phragmites australis, whether: (1) NO emission outside leaves is measurable and is af...
0
608,933
Influence of fires on O-3 concentrations in the western US
Jaffe, D; Chand, D; Hafner, W; Westerling, A; Spracklen, D
2,008
Because forest fires emit substantial NOx and hydrocarbons-known contributors to O-3 production-we hypothesize that interannual variation in western U.S. O-3 is related to the burned area. To evaluate this hypothesis we used a gridded database of western U.S. summer burned area (BA) and biomass consumed (BC) by fires b...
1
196,704
Effect of temperature on mortality during the six warmer months in Sydney, Australia, between 1993 and 2004
Vaneckova, P; Beggs, PJ; de Dear, RJ; Mccracken, KW
2,008
Studies of heat-related mortality have been predominantly based on analyses of underlying cause of death as the single indicator of a population's vulnerability to high temperatures. Examination of both underlying and associated causes of death could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the population at risk....
0
191,322
The effect of nitrogen additions on oak foliage and herbivore communities at sites with high and low atmospheric pollution
Jones, ME; Paine, TD; Fenn, ME
2,008
To evaluate plant and herbivore responses to nitrogen we conducted a fertilization study at a low and high pollution site in the mixed conifer forests surrounding Los Angeles, California. Contrary to expectations, discriminant function analysis of oak herbivore communities showed significant response to N fertilization...
0
180,380
A panel study in congestive heart failure to estimate the short-term effects from personal factors and environmental conditions on oxygen saturation and pulse rate
Goldberg, MS; Giannetti, N; Burnett, RT; Mayo, NE; Valois, MF; Brophy, JM
2,008
Objectives: Recent studies suggest that persons with congestive heart failure (CHF) may be at higher risk for short-term effects of air pollution. This daily diary panel study in Montreal, Quebec, was carried out to determine whether oxygen saturation and pulse rate were associated with selected personal factors, weath...
1
651,839
Altered expression of UVB-induced cytokines in human papillomavirus-immortalized epithelial cells
Dell'oste, V; Azzimonti, B; Mondini, M; De Andrea, M; Borgogna, C; Mesturini, R; Accardi, R; Tommasino, M; Landolfo, S; Dianzani, U; Gariglio, M
2,008
Keratinocytes can be induced to produce cytokines by exogenous stimuli, such as UVB, and dysregulation of this production has been described in various skin diseases, including cancer. In this study, we compared the effect of UVB on the secretion of several cytokines involved in inflammation by human keratinocytes immo...
0
680,107
Biodegradation of a phthalate plasticizer, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), by Sphingobium chungbukense
Park, JM; Jeon, M; Lim, ES; Um, HJ; Kim, YC; Min, J; Kim, YH
2,008
In this study, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) was efficiently degraded by Sphingobium chungbukense KCTC 2955. The optimal conditions for DINP (100 mg L(-1)) degradation by S. chungbukense in a mineral salts medium were found to be pH 7, 30 degrees C, and stirring at 200 rpm. The maximum specific rate of DINP degradation ...
0
191,912
Environmental public health tracking of childhood asthma using California health interview survey, traffic, and outdoor air pollution data
Wilhelm, M; Meng, YY; Rull, RP; English, P; Balmes, J; Ritz, B
2,008
Despite extensive evidence that air pollution affects childhood asthma, state-level and national-level tracking of asthma outcomes in relation to air pollution is limited. OBJECTIVES: Our goals were to evaluate the feasibility of linking the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), air monitoring, and traffic da...
0
595,427
Measuring the gains from improved air quality in the San Joaquin Valley
Hall, JV; Brajer, V; Lurmann, FW
2,008
Many regions worldwide are experiencing rapid urbanization, and often along with growth in the local economy and population comes worsening air quality. Such regions typically find that addressing the additional challenge of polluted air is difficult. This paper reports the results of an assessment of the present healt...
0
99,136
Modeling and source apportionment of diesel particulate matter
Diaz-Robles, LA; Fu, JS; Reed, GD
2,008
The fine and ultra fine sizes of diesel particulate matter (DPM) are of greatest health concern. The composition of these primary and secondary fine and ultra fine particles is principally elemental carbon (EC) with adsorbed organic compounds, sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, metals, and other trace elements. The purpose of ...
0
157,152
Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA): A multicity study of short-term effects of air pollution on mortality
Wong, CM; Vichit-Vadakan, N; Kan, H; Qian, Z
2,008
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although the deleterious effects of air pollution from fossil fuel combustion have been demonstrated in many Western nations, fewer studies have been conducted in Asia. The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) project assessed the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on d...
0
165,945
Identifying sourcesf soilnorganic pollutantsn a regional scale using a multivariate statistical approach: rolef pollutant migration and soil physicochemical properties
Zhang, C; Wu, L; Luo, Y; Zhang, H; Christie, P
2,008
Principal components analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to estimate the contributionf four components related to pollutant sourcesn the total variationn concentrationsf Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Se, Hg, Fe and Mnn surface soil samples from a valleyn east China with numerous copper and zinc smelters. Resultsndi...
0
196,696
A temporal, multicity model to estimate the effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on health
Shin, HH; Stieb, DM; Jessiman, B; Goldberg, MS; Brion, O; Brook, J; Ramsay, T; Burnett, RT
2,008
BACKGROUND: Countries worldwide are expending significant resources to improve air quality partly to improve the health of their citizens. Are these societal expenditures improving public health? OBJECTIVES: We consider these issues by tracking the risk of death associated with outdoor air pollution over both space and...
0
192,076
Air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure: Are there potentially sensitive groups?
Lee, IM; Tsai, SS; Ho, CK; Chiu, HF; Wu, TN; Yang, CY
2,008
Recent studies have shown that air pollution is a risk factor for hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF). However, there is limited evidence to suggest what subpopulations are at greater risk from air pollution. This study was undertaken to examine the modifying effect of specific secondary diagnosis (inclu...
1
759,747
Update in the understanding of respiratory limitations to exercise performance in fit, active adults
Dempsey, JA; McKenzie, DC; Haverkamp, HC; Eldridge, MW
2,008
This review addresses three types of causes of respiratory system limitations to O(2) transport and exercise performance that are experienced by significant numbers of active, highly fit younger and older adults. First, flow limitation in intrathoracic airways may occur during exercise because of narrowed, hyperactive ...
1
195,617
Oxidants and the pathogenesis of lung diseases
Ciencewicki, J; Trivedi, S; Kleeberger, SR
2,008
The increasing number of population-based and epiderniologic associations between oxidant pollutant exposures and cardiopulmonary disease exacerbation, decrements in pulmonary function, and mortality underscores the important detrimental effects of oxidants on public health. Because inhaled oxidants initiate a number o...
0
191,399
Field surveys for potential ozone bioindicator plant species in Argentina
Bergweiler, C; Carreras, H; Wannaz, E; Rodriguez, J; Toselli, B; Olcese, L; Pignata, ML
2,008
In Argentina no historical or present programs exist specifically assessing ecosystem health with respect to photochemical air pollution, although phytotoxic concentrations of near-ground ozone have been documented in recent years. Here we report our preliminary findings on field observations of ozone-like injury found...
0
157,151
The effects of air pollution on mortality in socially deprived urban areas in Hong Kong, China
Wong, CM; Ou, CQ; Chan, KP; Chau, YK; Thach, TQ; Yang, L; Chung, RY; Thomas, GN; Peiris, JS; Wong, TW; Hedley, AJ; Lam, TH
2,008
BACKGROUND: Poverty is a major determinant of population health, but little is known about its role in modifying air pollution effects. OBJECTIVES: We set out to examine whether people residing in socially deprived communities are at higher mortality risk from ambient air pollution. METHODS: This study included 209 t...
1
195,653
Longevity and fecundity of Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) on foliage grown under elevated carbon dioxide
O'Neill, BF; Zangerl, AR; Delucia, EH; Berenbaum, MR
2,008
Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been increasing steadily over the last century. Plants grown under elevated CO2 experience physiological changes that influence their suitability as food. Previous studies have found increased insect herbivory on plants grown under elevated CO2. To determine effects of co...
1
195,315
Functional group analysis on oxidized Surfaces of synthetic textile polymers
Knittel, D; Schollmeyer, E
2,008
A comprehensive collection of wet-chemical analyses of functional groups on oxidatively treated surfaces of hydrophobic polymers like poly(ethylene terephthalate) or polyolefine is presented. New methods are introduced. Textiles and foils have been subjected to advanced oxidation processes and the different oxygen func...
0
604,584
Ozone exposure affects feeding and locomotor behavior of adult Bufo marinus
Dohm, MR; Mautz, WJ; Doratt, RE; Stevens, JR
2,008
Ozone (O3), a reactive component of air pollution, depresses feeding and voluntary locomotor behavior in laboratory rodents, but the effects of O3 on amphibian behavior are not known. We evaluated the effects of 4 h of exposure to air or ozone (0.6 ?ZA?l/L), on two ecologically relevant behaviors of the toad Bufo marin...
1
196,712
Asthmatic symptoms among pupils in relation to winter indoor and outdoor air pollution in schools in Taiyuan, China
Zhao, Z; Zhang, Z; Wang, Z; Ferm, M; Liang, Y; Norback, D
2,008
BACKGROUND: There are few studies on associations between children's respiratory heath and air pollution in schools in China. The industrial development and increased traffic may affect the indoor exposure to air pollutants in school environment. Moreover, there is a need to study respiratory effects of environmental t...
0
191,696
Transcriptional profiling reveals elevated CO2 and elevated O3 alter resistance of soybean (Glycine max) to Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica)
Casteel, CL; O'Neill, BF; Zavala, JA; Bilgin, DD; Berenbaum, MR; Delucia, EH
2,008
The accumulation of CO2 and O-3 in the troposphere alters phytochemistry which in turn influences the interactions between plants and insects. Using microarray analysis of field-grown soybean (Glycine max), we found that the number of transcripts in the leaves affected by herbivory by Japanese beetles (Popillia japonic...
1
651,847
Impact of ultraviolet radiation on the expression of marker proteins of gap and adhesion junctions in human epidermis
Gambichler, T; Rotterdam, S; Tigges, C; Altmeyer, P; Bechara, FG
2,008
AIMS/BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the impact of ultraviolet B (UVB) as well as UVA1 on the epidermal expression of specific markers of gap and adhesion junctions. METHODS: Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. The back of the subjects was irradiated with three MED-UVB as well as three MED-UVA1. Twe...
0
651,856
Hypothesis - Ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D reduce the risk of viral infections and thus their sequelae, including autoimmune diseases and some cancers
Grant, WB
2,008
Many viral infections reach clinical significance in winter, when it is cold, relative humidity is lowest and vitamin D production from solar ultraviolet-B irradiation is at its nadir. Several autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes mellitus and asthma, are linked to viral infections. Vitamin D...
0
191,620
Pre-exposure of calli to ozone promotes tolerance of regenerated Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 plantlets against acute ozone stress
Nagendra-Prasad, D; Sudhakar, N; Murugesan, K; Mohan, N
2,008
Studies were performed to evaluate the effects of pre-exposure of calli to ozone in promoting tolerance of the regenerated Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 (tomato) plantlets against acute ozone stress (AOS). Calli induced from tomato leaf explants were subjected to pre-treatment with ozone: T-1 = 100 ppb, T-2 = 200 pp...
0
651,836
UV radiation-induced immunosuppression is greater in men and prevented by topical nicotinamide
Damian, DL; Patterson, CRS; Stapelberg, M; Park, J; Barnetson, RSC; Halliday, GM
2,008
UV radiation-induced immunosuppression augments cutaneous carcinogenesis. The incidence of skin cancer continues to increase despite increased use of sunscreens, which are less effective at preventing immunosuppression than sunburn. Using the Mantoux reaction as a model of skin immunity, we investigated the effects of ...
0
191,604
Photosynthetic responses of pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Little marvel) exposed to climate change in Riyadh city, KSA
Ali, A; Alfarhan, A; Aldjain, I; Bokhari, N; Al-Taisan, W; Al-Rasheid, KAS; Al-Quraishi, S
2,008
Pots study was conducted to determine interactive effects of climate change (NO2, SO2 and O-3) on photosynthetic responses in pea. The seeds of pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Little marvel) were grown full-season in three pots arranged at four localities in Riyadh city, KSA. Photosynthetic rates (P-n) were measured t...
0
191,229
An approach for evaluating the effectiveness of various ozone Air Quality Standards for protecting trees
Hogsett, WE; Tingey, DT; Lee, EH; Beedlow, PA; Andersen, CP
2,008
We demonstrate an approach for evaluating the level of protection attained using a variety of forms and levels of past, current, and proposed Air Quality Standards (AQSs). The U.S. Clean Air Act requires the establishment of ambient air quality standards to protect health and public welfare. However, determination of a...
1
596,415
Assessing the health effects and risks associated with children's inhalation exposures - asthma and allergy
Selgrade, MK; Plopper, CG; Gilmour, MI; Conolly, RB; Foos, BS
2,008
Adults and children may have different reactions to inhalation exposures due to differences in target tissue doses following similar exposures, and/or different stages in lung growth and development. In the case of asthma and allergy both the developing immune system and initial encounters with common allergens contrib...
0
98,716
Characterizing temperature and mortality in nine California counties
Basu, R; Feng, WY; Ostro, BD
2,008
Background: Elevated temperature has been associated with increased mortality. Few epidemiologic studies, however, have considered air pollutants as potential confounders or effect modifiers. None has focused on California, where the climate is generally mild and pollution levels tend to be high-an ideal setting to exa...
0
579,053
Response of transgenic poplar overexpressing cytosolic glutamine synthetase to phosphinothricin
Pascual, MB; Jing, ZP; Kirby, EG; Canovas, FM; Gallardo, F
2,008
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the main enzyme involved in ammonia assimilation in plants and is the target of phosphinothricin (PPT), an herbicide commonly used for weed control in agriculture. As a result of the inhibition of GS, PPT also blocks photorespiration, resulting in the depletion of leaf amino acid pools lead...
0
93,027
Air pollution and heart rate variability: Effect modification by chronic lead exposure
Park, SK; O'Neill, MS; Vokonas, PS; Sparrow, D; Wright, RO; Coull, B; Nie, H; Hu, H; Schwartz, J
2,008
BACKGROUND: Outdoor air pollution and lead exposure can disturb cardiac autonomic function, but the effects of both these exposures together have not been studied. METHODS: We examined whether higher cumulative lead exposures, as measured by bone lead, modified cross-sectional associations between air pollution and hea...
1
609,438
Head-space, small-chamber and in-vehicle tests for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from air fresheners for the Korean market
Jo, WK; Lee, JH; Kim, MK
2,008
The present study investigated the emission characteristics of gel-type air fresheners (AFs), using head-space, small-chamber, and in-vehicle tests. Five toxic or hazardous analytes were found in the headspace phase of AFs (toluene, benzene, ethyl benzene, and in,p-xylene) at a frequency of more than 50%. Limonene and ...
0
190,242
The health effects of non-industrial indoor air pollution
Bernstein, JA; Alexis, N; Bacchus, H; Bernstein, IL; Fritz, P; Horner, E; Li, N; Mason, S; Nel, A; Oullette, J; Reijula, K; Reponen, T; Seltzer, J; Smith, A; Tarlo, SM
2,008
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>There is growing public awareness regarding the risk associated with poor indoor air quality in the home and workplace. Because Americans spend approximately 22 hours every day indoors, susceptible individuals are at much greater risk of adverse health effects from chronic low levels of exp...
0
196,694
Ozone modifies associations between temperature and cardiovascular mortality: analysis of the NMMAPS data
Ren, C; Williams, GM; Morawska, L; Mengersen, K; Tong, S
2,008
OBJECTIVES: Both ambient ozone and temperature are associated with human health. However, few data are available on whether ozone modifies temperature effects. This study aims to explore whether ozone modified associations between maximum temperature and cardiovascular mortality in the USA. METHODS: The authors obtaine...
0
98,386
Air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality in the United States, 1999-2002
Woodruff, TJ; Darrow, LA; Parker, JD
2,008
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between cause-specific postneonatal infant mortality and chronic early-life exposure to particulate matter and gaseous air pollutants across the United States. METHODS: We linked county-specific monitoring data for particles with aerodiameter of < or = 2.5 microm (PM...
1
596,380
Regulation of caveolin-1 expression, nitric oxide production and tissue injury by tumor necrosis factor-alpha following ozone inhalation
Fakhrzadeh, L; Laskin, JD; Laskin, DL
2,008
Alveolar macrophages (AM) and inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide and peroxynitrite contribute to ozone-induced lung injury. The generation of these mediators is regulated, in part, by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. We previously demonstrated a critical role for NF-kappaB p50 in ozone-induced injury. In ...
0
114,133
Weekday/weekend difference of ozone and its precursors in urban areas of Japan, focusing on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons
Sadanaga, Y; Shibata, S; Hamana, M; Takenaka, N; Bandow, H
2,008
This paper analyzes the weekday?weekend differences of ozone, NOx (NO and NO2) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, from 2001 to 2004, in order to investigate the ozone weekend effect (OWE). Data were measured at 24 and 23 general air monitoring stations in Tokyo and Osaka, respectively. We f...
0
196,678
Associations of FcepsilonRIbeta E237G polymorphism with wheezing in Taiwanese schoolchildren
Lee, YL; Gilliland, FD; Wang, JY; Lee, YC; Guo, YL
2,008
BACKGROUND: The beta-chain of a high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRIbeta) has been proposed as a candidate gene for atopic diseases, but previous studies have come to inconsistent conclusions. Because some air pollutants would produce oxidative stress, increase serum IgE, and trigger T-helper type 2 (Th2)-type airwa...
0
195,278
The application of the experimental design and the artificial neural network to the UV/H2O2 decolouration process of textile metal-complex dyes
Golob, D; Marechal, AML; Voncina, DB; Novak, N
2,008
The UV/H2O2 decolouration of model dye solutions of three metal-complex dyes is described For the first time, Plackett-Burman and full experimental design as well as artificial neural network (ANN) are applied to optimize the decolouration process of this class of textile dyes. After selecting parameters having an infl...
0
651,887
Non-melanoma skin cancer: Importance of gender, immunosuppressive status and vitamin D
Oberyszyn, TM
2,008
Ultraviolet light B (UVB) is responsible for the majority of cutaneous damage and is believed to be the single most important etiologic agent in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). These skin tumors are by far the most common form of cancer in humans, with over I million new cases identified in the Uni...
0
694,591
Contribution of case-crossover design to the analysis of short-term health effects of air pollution: Reanalysis of air pollution and health data
Chardon, B; Host, S; Pedrono, G; Gremy, I
2,008
Background. - During the last decades, numerous studies have shown significant links between short-term exposure to air pollution and health. Time series design have been widely used in order to study these associations. In recent years, the case-crossover design has been applied to the analysis of acute effects of env...
0
196,692
Exploring uncertainty of the change from ICD-9 to ICD-10 on acute mortality effects of air pollution
Qian, Z; He, Q; Lin, HM; Kong, L; Liao, D; Gong, J; Bentley, CM; Wei, H
2,008
The change in ICD coding from ICD-9 to ICD-10 may produce inconsistencies and discontinuities in cause-specific mortality, thus impacting on effects estimates of air pollution on mortality. The current study was conducted in Wuhan, China. We examined the concordant rates and Kappa statistics using the mortality data fr...
0
616,554
Host location behavior of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in ambient and moderately elevated ozone in field conditions
Pinto, DM; Himanen, SJ; Nissinen, A; Nerg, AM; Holopainen, JK
2,008
In field O-3-enrichment experiments increased herbivore densities have been reported, which could be due to negatively affected host location behavior of natural enemies. We addressed the impact of doubling background O-3 on the host location of the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae by conducting 24-h trials in an open-air ...
1
196,953
Phenogenetic response of silver birch populations and half-sib families to elevated ozone and ultraviolet-B radiation at juvenile age
Pliura, A; Baliuckiene, A; Baliuckas, V
2,008
Phenogenetic response of silver birch populations and half-sib families to separate and combined elevated ozone (O-3) concentrations and ultraviolet-B, (UV-B) radiation dozes was studied at juvenile age in the climatic chambers. Significant population and family effects were found for seedling height, lamina width, and...
0
191,587
Ozone risk assessment for plants: Central role of metabolism-dependent changes in reducing power
Dizengremel, P; Le Thiec, D; Bagard, M; Jolivet, Y
2,008
The combination of stomatal-dependent ozone flux and total ascorbate level is currently presented as a correct indicator for determining the degree of sensitivity of plants to ozone. However, the large changes in carbon metabolism could play a central role in the strategy of the foliar cells in response to chronic ozon...
1
695,472
Does an Increase in Air Quality Models' Resolution Bring Surface Ozone Concentrations Closer to Reality?
Valari, M; Menut, L
2,008
A persistent challenge for small-scale air quality modeling is the assessment of health impact and population exposure studies. Despite progress in computation and in the quality of model input (i.e., high-resolution information on land use and emission patterns), the uncertainty associated with input parameters cannot...
0
179,908
Exhaled breath malondialdehyde as a marker of effect of exposure to air pollution in children with asthma
Romieu, I; Barraza-Villarreal, A; Escamilla-Nu?ez, C; Almstrand, AC; Diaz-Sanchez, D; Sly, PD; Olin, AC
2,008
BACKGROUND: Assessment of the adverse effects of oxidative stress related to air pollution is limited by the lack of biological markers of dose to the lungs. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the use of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) malondialdehyde as a biomarker of exposure to traffic-related pollution in children with asthm...
1
156,914
Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: Methodologic issues in an emerging field
Ritz, B; Wilhelm, M
2,008
Since the mid-1990s, the number of studies linking air pollutants to low birthweight, small for gestational age, preterm birth and cardiac birth defects has grown steadily. This MiniReview (in conjunction with the May 2007 International Conference on Foetal Programming and Development Toxicity) highlights key methodolo...
0
199,816
Elevated atmospheric co2 affects soil microbial diversity associated with trembling aspen
Lesaulnier, C; Papamichail, D; Mccorkle, S; Ollivier, B; Skiena, S; Taghavi, S; Zak, D; van Der Lelie, D
2,008
The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 (560 p.p.m.) and subsequent plant responses on the soil microbial community composition associated with trembling aspen was assessed through the classification of 6996 complete ribosomal DNA sequences amplified from the Rhinelander WI free-air CO2 and O3 enrichment (FACE) experim...
0
199,847
Determination of isoprene and alpha-/beta-pinene oxidation products in boreal forest aerosols from Hyytiala, Finland: Diel variations and possible link with particle formation events
Kourtchev, I; Ruuskanen, TM; Keronen, P; Sogacheva, L; Dal Maso, M; Reissell, A; Chi, X; Vermeylen, R; Kulmala, M; Maenhaut, W; Claeys, M
2,008
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as isoprene and alpha-/beta-pinene, are photo-oxidized in the atmosphere to non-volatile species resulting in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The goal of this study was to examine time trends and diel variations of oxidation products of isoprene and alpha-/beta-pinene i...
0
596,409
Ozone exposure in a mouse model induces airway hyperreactivity that requires the presence of natural killer T cells and IL-17
Pichavant, M; Goya, S; Meyer, EH; Johnston, RA; Kim, HY; Matangkasombut, P; Zhu, M; Iwakura, Y; Savage, PB; Dekruyff, RH; Shore, SA; Umetsu, DT
2,008
Exposure to ozone, which is a major component of air pollution, induces a form of asthma that occurs in the absence of adaptive immunity. Although ozone-induced asthma is characterized by airway neutrophilia, and not eosinophilia, it is nevertheless associated with airway hyperreactivity (AHR), which is a cardinal feat...
1
197,792
Cholesterol, reactive oxygen species, and the formation of biologically active mediators
Murphy, RC; Johnson, KM
2,008
null
1
596,403
Ozone exposure of macrophages induces an alveolar epithelial chemokine response through IL-1alpha
Manzer, R; Dinarello, CA; Mcconville, G; Mason, RJ
2,008
Ozone is known to produce an acute influx of neutrophils, and alveolar epithelial cells can secrete chemokines and modulate inflammatory processes. However, direct exposure of alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages to ozone (O(3)) produces little chemokine response. To determine if cell-cell interactions might be re...
0
197,786
Ultrastructural alterations during embryonic rats' lung development caused by ozone
Lopez, I; Sanchez, I; Bizarro, P; Acevedo, S; Ustarroz, M; Fortoul, T
2,008
Ozone (O3) is an oxidizing agent that acts on phospholipids, proteins and sugars of cellular membranes producing free radicals, which cause oxidative damages. The O3 exposure has been used as a model to study oxidative stress, in which the respiratory airways represent the entrance to the organism. In this study, ultra...
1
195,720
A time-series analysis of any short-term effects of meteorological and air pollution factors on preterm births in London, UK
Lee, SJ; Hajat, S; Steer, PJ; Filippi, V
2,008
Although much is known about the incidence and burden of preterm birth, its biological mechanisms are not well understood. While several studies have suggested that high levels of air pollution or exposure to particular climatic factors may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, other studies do not sup...
1
651,855
The effect of solar UVB doses and vitamin D production, skin cancer action spectra, and smoking in explaining links between skin cancers and solid tumours
Grant, WB
2,008
The report of differences between skin cancer rates and solid tumours in sunny versus less sunny countries [Tuohimaa P, Pukkala E, Scelo G, et al. Does solar exposure, as indicated by the non-melanoma skin cancers, protect from solid cancers: Vitamin D as a possible explanation. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43: 1701-12] raised s...
0
101,596
Mortality displacement in the association of ozone with mortality: An analysis of 48 cities in the United States
Zanobetti, A; Schwartz, J
2,008
Rationale: Although the association between mortality and particles is well established, fewer studies have been reported with ozone. The harvesting hypothesis posits that the deaths associated with an exposure are occurring in people who are dying already, and the effect of exposure is merely to move the death from on...
1
195,335
TOF-SIMS investigations on weathered silver surfaces
Schnoller, J; Wiesinger, R; Kleber, C; Hilfrich, U; Schreiner, M; Hutter, H
2,008
Silver-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) disks were treated under different environmental conditions (including changes in parameters such as relative humidity (%RH) and SO2/H2S content) in atmospheres of synthetic air and pure N-2 for 24 h in a weathering chamber. The corroded surfaces were subjected to depth p...
0
195,242
Sonochemical degradation of Basic Blue 41 dye assisted by nanoTiO2 and H2O2
Abbasi, M; Asl, NR
2,008
The sonolysis of Basic Blue 41 dye in aqueous solution was performed at 35 kHz using ultrasonic power of 160 W and aqueous temperature of 25+1 degrees C within 180 min. The TiO2 nanoparticles were used as a catalyst to assist the sonication process. The effect of experimental parameters such as pH, H2O2 concentration a...
0
93,281
Does temperature modify short-term effects of ozone on total mortality in 60 large eastern US communities? An assessment using the NMMAPS data
Ren, C; Williams, GM; Mengersen, K; Morawska, L; Tong, S
2,008
#Many studies have indicated that ozone is associated with morbidity and mortality. A few studies have reported that the association is heterogeneous across seasons and geographic regions. However, little information is available on whether both temperature and geographic factors simultaneously modify the ozone effect....
0
595,153
Chemiluminescence applied to air pollutants assessment
Jipa, S
2,008
Air pollution from both stationary (e.g. factories) and mobile (e.g. cars) sources includes many substances such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrazine etc. Chemiluminescence (CL) method for monitoring these pollutants is based on production of electromagnetic radiation as a result of a...
0
596,391
The effects of inhaled corticosteroids on intrinsic responsiveness and histology of airways from infant monkeys exposed to house dust mite allergen and ozone
Joad, JP; Kott, KS; Bric, JM; Schelegle, ES; Gershwin, LJ; Plopper, CG; Peake, JL; Pinkerton, KE
2,008
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended to treat infants with asthma, some with intermittent asthma. We previously showed that exposing infant monkeys to allergen/ozone resulted in asthma-like characteristics of their airways. We evaluated the effects of ICS on histology and intrinsic responsiveness of allergen/o...
1
613,222
Concentrations and determinants of gaseous aldehydes in 162 homes in Strasbourg (France)
Marchand, C; Le Calve, S; Mirabel, P; Glasser, N; Casset, A; Schneider, N; de Blay, F
2,008
Aldehydes concentrations were measured in 162 homes in the Strasbourg area (East of France) in the context of a case/ control study pairing asthmatic and non-asthmatic people. The surveyed people have completed a questionnaire aiming to characterize the indoor homes and the people life practices. Gaseous aldehyde level...
0
2,473,789
Global 3-D land-ocean-atmosphere model for mercury: Present-day versus preindustrial cycles and anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition
Selin, NE; Jacob, DJ; Yantosca, RM; Strode, S; Jaegle, L; Sunderland, EM
2,008
We develop a mechanistic representation of land-atmosphere cycling in a global 3-D ocean-atmosphere model of mercury (GEOS-Chem). The resulting land-oceanatmosphere model is used to construct preindustrial and present biogeochemical cycles of mercury, to examine the legacy of past anthropogenic emissions, to map anthro...
0
190,113
Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) between rice paddy fields and the atmosphere in subtropical China
Yi, Z; Wang, X; Sheng, G; Fu, J
2,008
Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are important trace gases contributing to sulfate aerosol formation in the lower and upper atmosphere and hence greatly impacting global radiative balance. In the present study the exchange of OCS and DMS between rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy fields and the atmosphere wa...
0
596,405
Impact of ozone exposure on the phagocytic activity of human surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A variants
Mikerov, AN; Umstead, TM; Gan, X; Huang, W; Guo, X; Wang, G; Phelps, DS; Floros, J
2,008
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) enhances phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SP-A1 and SP-A2 encode human (h) SP-A; SP-A2 products enhance phagocytosis more than SP-A1. Oxidation can affect SP-A function. We hypothesized that in vivo and in vitro ozone-induced oxidation of SP-A (as assessed by its carbonylation level) ...
1
608,463
Influence of indoor air quality (IAQ) objectives on air-conditioned offices in Hong Kong
Hui, PS; Mui, KW; Wong, LT
2,008
It is costly to sample all air pollutants of a general community. Air sampling should be conducted based on a practical assessment strategy and monitoring plan. In Hong Kong, the Environmental Protection Department (HKEPD) launched an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) certification scheme to grade workplace IAQ as 'Excellent' o...
0
195,247
Morphology and mechanical properties of natural rubber and styrene-grafted natural rubber latex compounds
Arayapranee, W; Rempel, GL
2,008
The mechanical properties of natural rubber latex (NRL) modified with styrene-grafted natural rubber (styrene-GNR) latex were investigated. Styrene-GNR was first synthesized via emulsion copolymerization using cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylene pentamine as an initiator. The styrene-GNR latex produced was mixed with NR...
0
157,443
Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Beneftis from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution
null
2,008
null
0
191,309
Disruption of a gene encoding C4-dicarboxylate transporter-like protein increases ozone sensitivity through deregulation of the stomatal response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Saji, S; Bathula, S; Kubo, A; Tamaoki, M; Kanna, M; Aono, M; Nakajima, N; Nakaji, T; Takeda, T; Asayama, M; Saji, H
2,008
To understand better the plant response to ozone, we isolated and characterized an ozone-sensitive (ozs1) mutant strain from a set of T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia. The mutant plants show enhanced sensitivity to ozone, desiccation and sulfur dioxide, but have normal sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide...
0
475,317
Prenatal exposure to ozone disrupts cerebellar monoamine contents in newborn rats
Gonzalez-Pina, R; Escalante-Membrillo, C; Alfaro-Rodriguez, A; Gonzalez-Maciel, A
2,008
Ozone (O3) is widely distributed in environments with high levels of air pollution. Since cerebellar morphologic disruptions have been reported with prenatal O3 exposure, O3 may have an effect on some neurotransmitter systems, such as monoamines. In order to test this hypothesis, we used 60 male rats taken from either,...
1
156,745
Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children
Mccormack, MC; Breysse, PN; Hansel, NN; Matsui, EC; Tonorezos, ES; Curtin-Brosnan, J; Williams, DL; Buckley, TJ; Eggleston, PA; Diette, GB
2,008
Asthma disproportionately affects inner-city, minority children in the U.S. Outdoor pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter (PM), are higher in inner-cities and contribute to childhood asthma morbidity. Although children spend the majority of time indoors, indoor PM exposures have been less extensively c...
0
195,269
UV/H2O2 treatment of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution: Influence of operational parameters and kinetic modeling
Daneshvar, N; Behnajady, MA; Mohammadi, MKA; Dorraji, MSS
2,008
The decolorization and degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) were investigated using UV radiation in the presence of H2O2 in a batch photoreactor at different light intensities. H2O2 and UV light have a negligible effect when they were used on their own. Removal efficiency of RB was sensitive to the operational parameters su...
0
596,401
Long-term ozone exposure attenuates 1-nitronaphthalene-induced cytotoxicity in nasal mucosa
Lee, MG; Wheelock, AM; Boland, B; Plopper, CG
2,008
1-Nitronaphthalene (1-NN) and ozone are cytotoxic air pollutants commonly found as components of photochemical smog. The mechanism of toxicity for 1-NN involves bioactivation by cytochrome P450s and subsequent adduction to proteins. Previous studies have shown that 1-NN toxicity in the lung is considerably higher in ra...
0
199,330
Ecotoxicology of ozone: Bioactivation of extracellular ascorbate
Sandermann, H
2,008
The ascorbate pools of the extracellular respiratory lining fluids and the plant apoplast are currently considered as part of the first line of defence against ambient ozone. Ozone is in fact rapidly decomposed by ascorbate, but the only product identified so far (singlet oxygen) is toxic. Peroxy-L-threonic and peroxy-...
1
174,037
Air quality management in Mexico
Fernandez-Bremauntz, A
2,008
Several significant program and policy measures have been implemented in Mexico over the past 15 yr to improve air quality. This article provides an overview of air quality management strategies in Mexico, including (1) policy initiatives such as vehicle use restrictions, air quality standards, vehicle emissions, and f...
0
603,025
Air quality risk assessment and management
Chen, Y; Craig, L; Krewski, D
2,008
This article provides (1) a synthesis of the literature on the linkages between air pollution and human health, (2) an overview of quality management approaches in Canada, the United States, and the European Union (EU), and (3) future directions for air quality research. Numerous studies examining short-term effects of...
0
191,408
Foliar CO2 fixation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) submitted to elevated ozone: Distinct changes in Rubisco and PEPc activities in relation to pigment content
Leitao, L; Dizengremel, P; Biolley, JP
2,008
Using open-top chambers, the impact of ozone (O-3) on foliar carboxylases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated. From sowing, beans were exposed to non-filtered air (NF) and NF supplied with 40 (+ 40) and 80 (+ 80) nL L-1 O-3. Twenty days after emergence, primary and first trifoliate leaves were sampled. Bio...
0
191,659
Seasonal differences and within-canopy variations of antioxidants in mature spruce (Picea abies) trees under elevated ozone in a free-air exposure system
Hofer, N; Alexou, M; Heerdt, C; Low, M; Werner, H; Matyssek, R; Rennenberg, H; Haberer, K
2,008
The effect of free-air ozone fumigation and crown position on antioxidants were determined in old-growth spruce (Picea abies) trees in the seasonal course of two consecutive years (2003 and 2004). Levels of total ascorbate and its redox state in the apoplastic washing fluid (AWF) were increased under double ambient ozo...
0
188,893
Short-term exposure to air pollution and inflammation-sensitive biomarkers
Steinvil, A; Kordova-Biezuner, L; Shapira, I; Berliner, S; Rogowski, O
2,008
To evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to air pollutants on inflammation-sensitive biomarkers in apparently healthy individuals.<br /><br /> We enrolled all participants from The Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center inflammation survey held between 2003 and 2006, excluding participants with an acute or chronic infla...
1
191,668
Sensitivity of Metasequoia glyptostroboides to ozone stress
Feng, ZZ; Zeng, HQ; Wang, XK; Zheng, QW; Feng, ZW
2,008
2-year-old seedlings of Metasequoia glyptostroboides were grown in open top chambers and exposed to four ozone concentrations [O-3] (charcoal-filtered air, CF; 50, 100, and 200 mm(3) m(-3)) for 25 d. Measurements of growth, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, and gas exchange parameters were made before and/or after O-3 ex...
0
488,444
Comparison of modelled and measured ozone concentrations and meteorology for a site in south-west Sweden: Implications for ozone uptake calculations
Klingberg, J; Danielsson, H; Simpson, D; Pleijel, H
2,008
Measurements of ground-level ozone concentrations and meteorology (temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), solar radiation) at the monitoring site Ostad (south-west Sweden) were compared to data from the corresponding grid in the EMEP photo-oxidant model for 1997, 1999 and 2000. The influence of synoptic weather on...
0
157,011
A scripted activity study of the impact of protective advice on personal exposure to ultra-fine and fine particulate matter and volatile organic compounds
Stieb, DM; Evans, GJ; Sabaliauskas, K; Chen, LI; Campbell, ME; Wheeler, AJ; Brook, JR; Guay, M
2,008
We evaluated the impact on personal exposure to air pollutants of following advice which typically accompanies air quality advisories and indices. Scripts prescribed the time, location, duration and nature of activities intended to simulate daily activity patterns for adults and children. Scripts were paired such that ...
0
668,892
UV-B signaling pathways with different fluence-rate response profiles are distinguished in mature Arabidopsis leaf tissue by requirement for UVR8, HY5, and HYH
Brown, BA; Jenkins, GI
2,008
UV-B signaling is an important but poorly understood aspect of light responsiveness in plants. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) is a recently identified UV-B-specific signaling component that regulates UV-protective responses. Using the uvr8 mutant, we defined genetically distinct UVR8-dep...
1
191,258
Carbon gain and bud physiology in Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera grown under long-term exposure to elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3
Riikonen, J; Kets, K; Darbah, J; Oksanen, E; Sober, A; Vapaavuori, E; Kubiske, ME; Nelson, N; Karnosky, DF
2,008
Paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and three trembling aspen clones (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were studied to determine if alterations in carbon gain in response to an elevated concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) or 03 ([03]) or a combination of both affected bud size and carbohydrate composition in autumn, and early l...
1
97,348
Ozone, oxidant defense genes and risk of asthma during adolescence
Islam, T; Mcconnell, R; Gauderman, WJ; Avol, E; Peters, JM; Gilliland, FD
2,008
RATIONALE: Although oxidative stress is a cardinal feature of asthma, the roles of oxidant air pollutants and antioxidant genes heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), catalase (CAT), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MNSOD) in asthma pathogenesis have yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the functional polymorp...
1
191,492
Isoprene emission from plants: Why and how
Sharkey, TD; Wiberley, AE; Donohue, AR
2,008
Background Some, but not all, plants emit isoprene. Emission of the related monoterpenes is more universal among plants, but the amount of isoprene emitted from plants dominates the biosphere-atmosphere hydrocarbon exchange. Scope The emission of isoprene from plants affects atmospheric chemistry. Isoprene reacts very ...
1
191,682
Stomatal characteristics and infection biology of Pyrenopeziza betulicola in Betula pendula trees grown under elevated CO2 and O3
Riikonen, J; Syrjala, L; Tulva, I; Mand, P; Oksanen, E; Poteri, M; Vapaavuori, E
2,008
Two silver birch clones were exposed to ambient and elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3, and their combination for 3 years. using open-top chambers. We evaluated the effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 off stomatal conductance (g(s)), density (SD) and index (SI), length of the guard-cells, and epidermal cell size and nu...
0
98,930
Assessment of personal exposure to ozone in asthmatic children residing in Mexico City
Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Barraza-Villarreal, A; Moreno-Macias, H; Winer, AM; Cicero-Fernandez, P; Velez-Marquez, MG; Cortez-Lugo, M; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Romieu, I
2,008
OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to evaluate personal ozone exposure (O3p) among asthmatic children residing in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 158 children were recruited from December 1998 to April 2000. On average, three O3p measurements were obtained per child using passive badges. Time-activity patte...
1