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595,904
Seasonal and long-term effects of CO2 and O3 on water loss in ponderosa pine and their interaction with climate and soil moisture
Lee, EH; Tingey, DT; Waschmann, RS; Phillips, DL; Olszyk, DM; Johnson, MG; Hogsett, WE
2,009
Evapotranspiration (ET) is driven by evaporative demand, available solar energy and soil moisture (SM) as well as by plant physiological activity which may be substantially affected by elevated CO2 and O-3. A multi-year study was conducted in outdoor sunlit-controlled environment mesocosm containing ponderosa pine seed...
1
191,636
Relative effects of elevated background ozone concentrations and peak episodes on senescence and above-ground growth in four populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum L
Dawnay, L; Mills, G
2,009
Four populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum from North Wales, UK, were exposed to the following combinations of mean background and peak concentrations of ozone for 12 weeks in solardomes: LL (14.3 ppb, 18.9 ppb, respectively), LH (14.8 ppb, 52.3 ppb), HL (28.9 ppb. 35.7 ppb) and HH (30.5 ppb, 72.1 ppb). Elevated ozone r...
0
697,237
Health benefits of improving air quality in the rapidly aging Korean society
Bae, H; Park, J
2,009
Korea is experiencing an extraordinarily rapid demographic transition. We investigated the short-term association between air pollution and mortality and assessed the impact of improved air quality on mortality in a rapidly aging city, Seoul, Korea. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to estimate the relative...
0
201,539
Activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor during ozone inhalation contributes to airway epithelial injury and repair
Oslund, KL; Hyde, DM; Putney, LF; Alfaro, MF; Walby, WF; Tyler, NK; Schelegle, ES
2,009
The authors investigated the importance of the neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), in epithelial injury, repair, and neutrophil emigration after ozone exposure. Wistar rats were administered either a CGRP-receptor antagonist (CGRP8?37) or saline and exposed to 8 hours of 1-ppm ozone or filtered air wi...
1
694,750
Influence of ambient air pollutant sources on clinical encounters for infant bronchiolitis
Karr, CJ; Demers, PA; Koehoorn, MW; Lencar, CC; Tamburic, L; Brauer, M
2,009
Rationale: Data regarding the influence of ambient air pollution on infant bronchiolitis are few. Objectives: We evaluated the impact of several air pollutants and their sources on infant bronchiolitis. Methods: Infants in the Georgia Air Basin of British Columbia with an inpatient or outpatient clinical encounter for ...
0
596,484
European emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes from the Last Glacial Maximum to present
Schurgers, G; Hickler, T; Miller, PA; Arneth, A
2,009
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), such as isoprene and monoterpenes, play an important role in atmospheric processes. BVOC species are oxidized in the atmosphere and influence levels of ozone. The less volatile amongst the BVOC and their oxidation products are important for the formation and growth of seconda...
0
191,254
Bioindication of tropospheric ozone-stress and some physiological features of its commonly used bioindicator plants
Villanyi, V; Urmos, Z; Petho, Z; Tuba, Z; Csintalan, Z
2,009
Tropospheric ozone is one of the most important constituent of photochemical smog. In Hungary, the bioindication of ozone has started in June 2007, using the ozone bioindicator clover clones (Trifolium repens NC-S and NC-R) and bean strains (Phaseolus vulgaris S156 and R123) according to the ICP Vegetation Protocol. Be...
0
783,357
Air pollution: Mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease
Block, ML; Calderon-Garcidue?as, L
2,009
Air pollution has been implicated as a chronic source of neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produce neuropathology and central nervous system (CNS) disease. Stroke incidence and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology are linked to air pollution. Recent reports reveal that air pollution comp...
1
742,123
Degree of herbivore feeding damage as an important contributor to multitrophic plant-parasitoid signaling under climate change
Himanen, SJ; Nerg, AM; Holopainen, JK
2,009
null
1
200,775
Toxicity and carcinogenicity of ozone in combination with 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and dibutyl phthalate in B6C3F1 mice for 16 and 32 weeks
Kim, MY; Cho, MY
2,009
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the toxic and carcinogenic potential of ozone alone or in combination with 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and/or dibutyl phthalate (DBP). METHODS: Male and female B6C3F1 mice were exposed, through inhalation, intravenous administration and diet, to 0.5 ppm of ozone, 1.0...
0
200,764
Cholesterol secoaldehyde induces apoptosis in J774 macrophages via mitochondrial pathway but not involving reactive oxygen species as mediators
Gao, X; Raghavamenon, AC; D'Auvergne, O; Uppu, RM
2,009
Cholesterol secoaldehyde (3?-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al or ChSeco) is an oxysterol known to be formed in reactions of ozone with cholesterol and also when cholesterol-5?-hydroperoxide undergoes Hock cleavage. In view of its widespread occurrence and atherogenic potential, we examined the effects of ChSeco on ...
1
192,129
Influence of socioeconomic deprivation on the relation between air pollution and beta-agonist sales for asthma
Laurent, O; Pedrono, G; Filleul, L; Segala, C; Lefranc, A; Schillinger, C; Riviere, E; Bard, D
2,009
BACKGROUND: Air pollution triggers asthma attacks hours to days after exposure. It remains unclear whether socioeconomic deprivation modulates these effects. Investigation of these interactions requires adequate statistical power, obtainable by using either a sufficient number of observations or very sensitive indicato...
0
191,355
The effects of global changes upon regional ozone pollution in the United States
Chen, J; Avise, J; Lamb, B; Salathe, E; Mass, C; Guenther, A; Wiedinmyer, C; Lamarque, JF; O'Neill, S; Mckenzie, D; Larkin, N
2,009
A comprehensive numerical modeling framework was developed to estimate the effects of collective global changes upon ozone pollution in the US in 2050. The framework consists of the global climate and chemistry models, PCM (Parallel Climate Model) and MOZART-2 (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers v. 2), couple...
0
548,780
Environmental air pollution has decremental effects on pulmonary function test parameters up to one week after exposure
Steinvil, A; Fireman, E; Kordova-Biezuner, L; Cohen, M; Shapira, I; Berliner, S; Rogowski, O
2,009
BACKGROUND: Recent exposure to air pollution has a decremental effect on pulmonary function. This short-term effect has only been studied for up to a few days postexposure. Our objective was to analyze the effect of air pollution on spirometric parameters in varying lag times of up to 1 week from the time of exposure. ...
1
199,751
Critical considerations in evaluating scientific evidence of health effects of ambient ozone: A conference report
Mcclellan, RO; Frampton, MW; Koutrakis, P; Mcdonnell, WF; Moolgavkar, S; North, DW; Smith, AE; Smith, RL; Utell, MJ
2,009
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under the authority of the Clean Air Act (CAA), is required to promulgate National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) for criteria air pollutants, including ozone. Each NAAQS includes a primary health-based standard and a secondary or welfare-based standard. This pape...
0
199,750
Reassessing the relationship between ozone and short-term mortality in U.S. urban communities
Smith, RL; Xu, B; Switzer, P
2,009
Time-series studies that use daily mortality and ambient ozone concentrations exhibit estimates of ozone effects that are variable across cities. We investigate this intercity variability, as well as the sensitivity of the ozone- mortality associations to modeling assumptions and choice of daily ozone metric, based on ...
0
190,342
Air pollutants, oxidative stress and human health
Yang, W; Omaye, ST
2,009
Air pollutants have, and continue to be, major contributing factors to chronic diseases and mortality, subsequently impacting public health. Chronic diseases include: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), asthma, and cancer. Byproducts of oxidative stress found in air pollutants ...
0
199,440
Gene expression profiling of ozone-treated Arabidopsis abi1td insertional mutant: Protein phosphatase 2C ABI1 modulates biosynthesis ratio of ABA and ethylene
Ludwikow, A; Kierzek, D; Gallois, P; Zeef, L; Sadowski, J
2,009
We report on the characterization of the interaction between reactive oxygen species signalling and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated gene network in ozone (O-3) stress response. To identify the stress-related signalling pathways and possible cross-talk controlled by an ABA-negative regulator, the protein phosphatase 2C abs...
1
610,468
Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Ozone in Combination with 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Dibutyl Phthalate in B6C3F1 Mice for 16 and 32 Weeks
Kim, MY; Cho, MY
2,009
Objective To evaluate the toxic and carcinogenic potential of ozone alone or in combination with 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and/or dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Methods Male and female B6C3F1 mice were exposed, through inhalation, intravenous administration and diet, to 0.5 ppm of ozone, 1.0 m...
0
519,471
A Dynamic Model to Simulate Arsenic, Lead, and Mercury Contamination in the Terrestrial Environment During Extreme Floods of Rivers
Schulz, M; Buttner, O; Baborowski, M; Bohme, M; Matthies, M; von Tumpling, W
2,009
Beside damages of infrastructure in industrial regions, extreme floods can cause contamination with particle-bound pollutants, e.g., due to erosion of soils and sediments. In order to predict contamination with inorganic pollutants, the transport and fate of arsenic, lead, and mercury during a fictive flood event of Ri...
0
191,709
Use of the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU) in Italy: Verification of the effects of ambient ozone on crop plants and trees and investigation of EDU's mode of action
Paoletti, E; Contran, N; Manning, WJ; Ferrara, AM
2,009
Twenty-four experiments where EDU was used to protect plants from ozone (O-3) in Italy are reviewed. Doses of 150 and 450 ppm EDU at 2-3 week intervals were successfully applied to alleviate O-3-caused visible injury and growth reductions in crop and forest species respectively. EDU was mainly applied as soil drench to...
0
199,424
Metabolic-dependent changes in plant cell redox power after ozone exposure
Dizengremel, P; Le Thiec, D; Hasenfratz-Sauder, MP; Vaultier, MN; Bagard, M; Jolivet, Y
2,009
The tropospheric level of the phytotoxic air pollutant ozone has increased considerably during the last century, and is expected to continue to rise. Long-term exposure of higher plants to low ozone concentrations affects biochemical processes prior to any visible symptoms of injury. The current critical level of ozone...
1
199,447
Terpenylic Acid and Related Compounds from the Oxidation of alpha-Pinene: Implications for New Particle Formation and Growth above Forests
Claeys, M; Iinuma, Y; Szmigielski, R; Surratt, JD; Blockhuys, F; Van Alsenoy, C; Boge, O; Sierau, B; Gomez-Gonzalez, Y; Vermeylen, R; Van der Veken, P; Shahgholi, M; Chan, AWH; Herrmann, H; Seinfeld, JH; Maenhaut, W
2,009
Novel secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products from the monoterpene a-pinene with unique dimer-forming properties have been identified as lactone-containing terpenoic acids, i.e., terpenylic and 2-hydroxyterpenylic acid, and diaterpenylic acid acetate. The structural characterizations were based on the synthesis of ref...
0
974,926
Inverse modeling and maing US air quality influences of inorganic PM(2.5) precursor emissions using the adjoint of GEOS-Chem
Henze, DK; Seinfeld, JH; Shindell, DT
2,009
Influences of specific sources of inorganic PM(2.5) on peak and ambient aerosol concentrations in the US are evaluated using a combination of inverse modeling and sensitivity analysis. First, sulfate and nitrate aerosol measurements from the IMPROVE network are assimilated using the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var...
0
595,524
Impacts of methods and sites of plant breeding on ozone sensitivity in winter wheat cultivars
Biswas, DK; Xu, H; Yang, JC; Li, YG; Chen, SB; Jiang, CD; Li, WD; Ma, KP; Adhikary, SK; Wang, XZ; Jiang, GM
2,009
Development and use of ozone (O-3)-resistant crop cultivars are key measures to avoid agricultural yield reduction in a high O-3 environment. However, little is known about the impacts of breeding methods and breeding sites on the development of O-3 tolerance in winter wheat cultivars. To explore such impacts, 20 Chine...
0
191,613
Plant cell death and cellular alterations induced by ozone: Key studies in Mediterranean conditions
Faoro, F; Iriti, M
2,009
An account of histo-cytological and ultrastructural studies on ozone effect on crop and forest species in Italy is given, with emphasis on induced cell death and the underlying mechanisms. Cell death phenomena possibly due to ambient O-3 were recorded in crop and forest species. In contrast, visible O-3 effects on Medi...
0
191,511
Measurements of ozone deposition to a potato canopy
Coyle, M; Nemitz, E; Storeton-West, R; Fowler, D; Cape, JN
2,009
Potatoes are an important staple crop, grown in many parts of the world. Although ozone deposition to many vegetation types has been measured in the field, no data have been reported for potatoes. Such measurements, including the latent-heat flux, were made over a fully grown potato field in central Scotland during the...
0
195,612
Detoxification and repair process of ozone injury: From O-3 uptake to gene expression adjustment
Castagna, A; Ranieri, A
2,009
Plants react to O-3 threat by setting up a variety of defensive strategies involving the co-ordinated modulation of stress perception, signalling and metabolic responses. Although stomata largely controls O-3 uptake, differences in O-3 tolerance cannot always be ascribed to changes in stomatal conductance but cell prot...
0
199,413
Validation of the stomatal flux approach for the assessment of ozone visible injury in young forest trees. Results from the TOP (transboundary ozone pollution) experiment at Curno, Italy
Gerosa, G; Marzuoli, R; Desotgiu, R; Bussotti, F; Ballarin-Denti, A
2,009
This paper summarises some of the main results of a two-year experiment carried out in an Open-Top Chambers facility in Northern Italy. Seedlings of Populus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior have been subjected to different ozone treatments (charcoal-filtered and non-filtered air) and soil mo...
0
196,688
Environmental ozone exposure and oxidative DNA damage in adult residents of Florence, Italy
Palli, D; Sera, F; Giovannelli, L; Masala, G; Grechi, D; Bendinelli, B; Caini, S; Dolara, P; Saieva, C
2,009
In 71 adults residing in Florence, Italy, enrolled in a prospective study, we investigated the correlation between individual levels of oxidative DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in circulating lymphocytes, and a specific ozone exposure score calculated in 10 different time-windows (0-5 to 0-90days) before blood ...
1
195,668
Differential protection of ethylenediurea (EDU) against ambient ozone for five cultivars of tropical wheat
Singh, S; Agrawal, SB; Agrawal, M
2,009
The antiozonant EDU (ethylenediurea) was used to assess the impact of ambient 03 under field conditions on five cultivars of tropical wheat (Triticum aestivum L). EDU solution (0 ppm and 400 ppm) was applied as soil drench (100 ml plant(-1)) 10 days after germination (DAG) at an interval of 12 days. EDU-treated plants ...
0
684,024
Integrated review plan for the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards review (external review draft)
null
2,009
null
0
191,719
White clover clones as a cost-effective indicator of phytotoxic ozone: 10 years of experience from central Italy
Nali, C; Francini, A; Lorenzini, G
2,009
Data collected at one site in central Italy using the NC-S/NC-R clover (Trifolium repens) biotype system during 1997-2007 were analysed in order to assess: (a) its performance under Mediterranean conditions; (b) variations of ozone damage linked with meteorological conditions; (c) if critical level approach is a good p...
0
595,097
Atmospheric oxidation capacity in the summer of Houston 2006: Comparison with summer measurements in other metropolitan studies
Mao, J; Ren, X; Chen, S; Brune, WH; Chen, Z; Martinez, M; Harder, H; Lefer, B; Rappengluck, B; Flynn, J; Leuchner, M
2,009
Both similarities and differences in summertime atmospheric photochemical oxidation appear in the comparison of four field studies: TEXAQS2000 (Houston, 2000), NYC2001 (New York City, 2001), MCMA2003 (Mexico City, 2003), and TRAMP2006 (Houston, 2006). The compared photochemical indicators are OH and HO2 abundances, OH ...
0
191,588
Ozone risk for crops and pastures in present and future climates
Fuhrer, J
2,009
Ozone is the most important regional-scale air pollutant causing risks for vegetation and human health in many parts of the world. Ozone impacts on yield and quality of crops and pastures depend on precursor emissions, atmospheric transport and leaf uptake and on the plant's biochemical defence capacity, all of which a...
0
196,922
Influence of air pollution on the mountain forests along the Tateyama-Kurobe Alpine route
Kume, A; Numata, S; Watanabe, K; Honoki, H; Nakajima, H; Ishida, M
2,009
The effects of air pollution on the growth of mountain trees were investigated at Buna-daira (1,180 m a.s.l.), about half the way up Mt. Tateyama, located in Japan. Every year, about 1 million tourists are transported by highland buses through the Tateyama-Kurobe Alpine route. Since the route opened in 1971, some tree ...
0
576,120
[Assessment of air pollutants in air motor vehicle cabins]
Morin, JP; Gouriou, F; Preterre, D; Bobbia, M; Delmas, V
2,009
Aim of the study: This study aims to measure atmospheric pollutants in the air entering vehicle cabin. Methods: Continuous dynamic atmospheric pollutant monitoring (particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and ozone) has been performed on the air entering vehicle cabin. Repeated measurements have been performed on two diff...
0
191,333
Effects of combined ozone and nitrogen deposition on the in situ properties of eleven key plant species of a subalpine pasture
Bassin, S; Werner, RA; Sorgel, K; Volk, M; Buchmann, N; Fuhrer, J
2,009
Tropospheric O-3 and deposition of reactive N threaten the composition and function of natural and semi-natural vegetation even in remote regions. However, little is known about effects of these pollutants individually or in combination on plant species in alpine habitats. We analyzed 11 frequent plant species of a sub...
1
601,601
Towards an integrative approach of improving indoor air quality
Bluyssen, PM
2,009
There seems to be a discrepancy between current Indoor Air Quality standards and end-users wishes and demands. Indoor air quality can be approached from three points of view: the human, the indoor air of the space and the sources...
0
195,650
Using optical remote sensing techniques to track the development of ozone-induced stress
Meroni, M; Panigada, C; Rossini, M; Picchi, V; Cogliati, S; Colombo, R
2,009
In this paper. a literature review about optical remote sensing (RS) of O-3 stress is presented. Studies on O-3-induced effects on vegetation reflectance have been conducted since late '70s based on the analysis of optical RS data. Literature review reveals that traditional RS techniques were able to detect changes in ...
0
199,822
Is the growth of temperate forest trees enhanced along an ambient nitrogen deposition gradient?
Bedison, JE; McNeil, BE
2,009
The extent to which atmospheric N deposition is enhancing primary production and CO2 sequestration along the ambient N deposition gradients found within many regional temperate forest ecosystems remains unknown. We used tree diameter measurements from 1984 and 2004, allometric equations, and estimates of wet N depositi...
0
199,426
Differential ozone sensitivity of rice cultivars as indicated by visible injury and grain yield
Sawada, H; Kohno, Y
2,009
Surface ozone pollution may cause reductions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. Ozone sensitivity in rice cultivars is often evaluated based on visible leaf injury at an early growth stage. However, it is not clear whether reduction in grain yield is related to visible injury. Therefore, visible damage and grain yield re...
1
199,427
Effects of elevated ozone on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of two soybean varieties: A case study to assess impacts of one component of predicted global climate change
Singh, E; Tiwari, S; Agrawal, M
2,009
Global climatic change scenarios predict a significant increase in future tropospheric ozone (O-3) concentrations. The present investigation was done to assess the effects of elevated O-3 (70 and 100 ppb) on electron transport, carbon fixation, stomatal conductance and pigment concentrations in two tropical soybean (Gl...
1
191,645
Responses to ozone pollution of alfalfa exposed to increasing salinity levels
Maggio, A; Chiaranda, FQ; Cefariello, R; Fagnano, M
2,009
Stomatal closure and biosynthesis of antioxidant molecules are two fundamental components of the physiological machinery that lead to stress adaptation during plant's exposure to salinity. Since high stomatal resistance may also contribute in counteracting O-3 damages, we hypothesized that soil salinization may increas...
1
622,339
Interpollutant emission trading of ozone precursors in southeast Texas
Wang, LL; Allen, D; Mcdonald-Buller, E
2,009
Interpollutant trading (IPT) allows for trades among emissions of different compounds that contribute to ambient concentrations of the same pollutant. Shortages of single pollutant offsets have motivated the consideration of interpollutant offsets for ozone precursors on a case-by-case basis in California, but IPT has ...
0
596,481
Air pollution, climate, soil acidity, and indicators of forest health in Ontario's sugar maple forests
Miller, DE; Watmough, SA
2,009
Ontario's hardwood forests are currently subjected to high levels of air pollution, but critical levels at which point adverse effects may occur are poorly known. In this study, we sampled 35 hardwood plots dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) located along a contrasting climate, soil acidity, and air pollu...
0
191,294
Crops' responses to ozone in Mediterranean environments
Fagnano, M; Maggio, A; Fumagalli, I
2,009
The Mediterranean environment, and most of the Italian peninsula, presents some peculiarities in terms of crop response to O-3 since most physiological mechanisms activated upon O-3 exposure, such as stomatal closure, often overlap and interact with those that underlie plant adaptation to drought and hyperosmotic stres...
0
191,715
Visible injury, crown condition, and growth responses of selected Italian forests in relation to ozone exposure
Bussotti, F; Ferretti, M
2,009
The impact of ozone on forest ecosystems in Italy is monitored within the CONECOFOR programme. Ozone levels are measured in 30 plots using passive samplers. Response parameters used are: crown condition (transparency), BAI (basal area increment), and visible symptoms on spontaneous vegetation. Levels of AOT40 are above...
0
200,757
Mitochondrial dysfunction increases allergic airway inflammation
Aguilera-Aguirre, L; Bacsi, A; Saavedra-Molina, A; Kurosky, A; Sur, S; Boldogh, I
2,009
The prevalence of allergies and asthma among the world?s population has been steadily increasing due to environmental factors. It has been described that exposure to ozone, diesel exhaust particles, or tobacco smoke exacerbates allergic inflammation in the lungs. These environmental oxidants increase the levels of cell...
0
628,542
The glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 null genotype modulates ozone-induced airway inflammation in human subjects
Alexis, NE; Zhou, H; Lay, JC; Harris, B; Hernandez, ML; Lu, TS; Bromberg, PA; Diaz-Sanchez, D; Devlin, RB; Kleeberger, SR; Peden, DB
2,009
BACKGROUND: The glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) null genotype has been reported to be a risk factor for acute respiratory disease associated with increases in ambient air ozone levels. Ozone is known to cause an immediate decrease in lung function and increased airway inflammation. However, it is not known wheth...
1
191,566
Ozone and urban forests in Italy
Paoletti, E
2,009
Ozone levels along urban-to-rural gradients in three Italian cities (Milan, Florence, Bari) showed that average AOT40 values at rural and suburban sites were 2.6 times higher than those determined at urban sites. However, O-3 also exceeded the European criteria to protect forest health at urban sites, even when the sta...
0
191,331
Effects of chronic elevated ozone exposure on gas exchange responses of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) as related to the within-canopy light gradient
Kitao, M; Low, M; Heerdt, C; Grams, TEE; Haberle, KH; Matyssek, R
2,009
The effects of elevated O-3 on photosynthetic properties in adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) were investigated in relation to leaf mass per area as a measure of the gradually changing, within-canopy light availability. Leaves under elevated O-3 showed decreased stomatal conductance at unchanged carboxylation capacit...
1
695,491
Real-Time Ozone Detection Based on a Microfabricated Quartz Crystal Tuning Fork Sensor
Wang, R; Tsow, F; Zhang, XZ; Peng, JH; Forzani, ES; Chen, YS; Crittenden, JC; Destaillats, H; Tao, NJ
2,009
A chemical sensor for ozone based on an array of microfabricated tuning forks is described. The tuning forks are highly sensitive and stable, with low power consumption and cost. The selective detection is based on the specific reaction of the polymer with ozone. With a mass detection limit of similar to 2 pg/mm(2) and...
0
696,640
Historical ozone concentrations and flavonoid levels in herbarium specimens of the Antarctic moss
RYAN, KG; BURNE, A; SEPPELT, RD
2,009
null
0
694,748
Effect of ambient air pollution on the incidence of appendicitis
Kaplan, GG; Dixon, E; Panaccione, R; Fong, A; Chen, L; Szyszkowicz, M; Wheeler, A; MaClean, A; Buie, WD; Leung, T; Heitman, SJ; Villeneuve, PJ
2,009
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of appendicitis is unclear. We evaluated whether exposure to air pollution was associated with an increased incidence of appendicitis. METHODS: We identified 5191 adults who had been admitted to hospital with appendicitis between Apr. 1, 1999, and Dec. 31, 2006. The air pollutants studied w...
0
199,755
Is a short, sharp shock equivalent to long-term punishment? Contrasting the spatial pattern of acute and chronic ozone damage to soybean leaves via chlorophyll fluorescence imaging
Chen, CP; Frank, TD; Long, SP
2,009
Experimental investigations of ozone (O(3)) effects on plants have commonly used short, acute [O(3)] exposure (>100 ppb, on the order of hours), while in field crops damage is more likely caused by chronic exposure (<100 ppb, on the order of weeks). How different are the O(3) effects induced by these two fumigation reg...
0
596,154
Effects of acidic fog and ozone on the growth and physiological functions of Fagus crenata saplings
Shigihara, A; Matsumura, Y; Kashiwagi, M; Matsumoto, K; Igawa, M
2,009
The effects of simulated acid fog (SAF) and ozone (O-3) stress on the growth and physiology of beech (Fagus crenata) saplings were investigated. Three-year-old beech saplings were exposed to SAFs of pH 3 and pH 5 (control) during May 2007 to July 2008. In each SAF treatment group, half of the saplings were exposed to 6...
0
3,554,035
2013 ASHRAE handbook: Fundamentals
null
2,009
null
0
548,788
Dietary intake, lung function and airway inflammation in Mexico City school children exposed to air pollutants
Romieu, I; Barraza-Villarreal, A; Escamilla-Nu?ez, C; Texcalac-Sangrador, JL; Hernandez-Cadena, L; Diaz-Sanchez, D; De Batlle, J; Del Rio-Navarro, BE
2,009
INTRODUCTION: Air pollutant exposure has been associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and a decline in lung function in asthmatic children. Several studies suggest that dietary intake of fruits and vegetables might modify the adverse effect of air pollutants. METHODS: A total of 158 asthmatic children recru...
1
668,593
Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related emergency department visits
Arbex, M; de Souza Conceicao, G; Cendon, S; Arbex, F; Lopes, A; Moyses, E; Santiago, S; Saldiva, P; Pereira, L; Braga, A
2,009
Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can have recurrent disease exacerbations triggered by several factors, including air pollution. Visits to the emergency respiratory department can be a direct result of short-term exposure to air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate t...
0
192,152
Effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 preferential inhibitor in young healthy dogs exposed to air pollution: A pilot study
Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Mora-Tiscare?o, A; Gomez-Garza, G; Carrasco-Portugal, MDC; Perez-Guille, B; Flores-Murrieta, FJ; Perez-Guille, G; Osnaya, N; Juarez-Olguin, H; Monroy, ME; Monroy, S; Gonzalez-Maciel, A; Reynoso-Robles, R; Villarreal-Calderon, R; Patel, SA; Kumarathasan, P; Vincent, R; Henriquez-Roldan, C; Torre...
2,009
Residency in cities with high air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in healthy children, young adults, and dogs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may offer neuroprotection. The authors measured the plasma concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine and the cerebro-spinal-fluid concentration...
0
190,244
Effects of ambient air particulate exposure on blood-gas barrier permeability and lung function
Brauner, EV; Mortensen, J; Moller, P; Bernard, A; Vinzents, P; Wahlin, P; Glasius, M; Loft, S
2,009
Particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of pulmonary diseases and detrimental outcomes related to the cardiovascular system, including altered vessel functions. This study's objective was too evaluate the effects of ambient particle exposure on the blood-gas permeability, lung function and Clara cel...
0
668,891
Photochemically induced carbon dioxide production as a mechanism for carbon loss from plant litter in arid ecosystems
Brandt, LA; Bohnet, C; King, JY
2,009
We investigated the potential for abiotic mineralization to carbon dioxide (CO2) via photodegradation to account for carbon (C) loss from plant litter under conditions typical of arid ecosystems. We exposed five species of grass and oak litter collected from arid and mesic sites to a factorial design of ultraviolet (UV...
1
605,119
Comparison of tropospheric gas-phase chemistry schemes for use within global models
Emmerson, KM; Evans, MJ
2,009
Methane and ozone are two important climate gases with significant tropospheric chemistry. Within chemistry-climate and transport models this chemistry is simplified for computational expediency. We compare the state of the art Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) with six tropospheric chemistry schemes (CRI-reduced, GEOS-C...
1
595,156
Continuous measurement of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in suburban and remote areas of western China
Zhang, JM; Wang, T; Ding, AJ; Zhou, XH; Xue, LK; Poon, CN; Wu, WS; Gao, J; Zuo, HC; Chen, JM; Zhang, XC; Fan, SJ
2,009
Knowledge on atmospheric abundance of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is important in assessing the severity of photochemical pollution, and for understanding chemical transformation of reactive odd nitrogen and its impact on the budget of tropospheric ozone (O3). In summer 2006, continuous measurements of PAN were made usi...
0
694,764
Relationship between ozone exposure and asthma control in children
Kocijancic, LB
2,009
Background: Air pollution adversely affects the health of population. Children are at greater risk than adults to the adverse effects of air pollution because their respiratory systems are still developing, so they may be adversely affected by lower ozone concentrations than those that would affect adults. The aim of t...
0
191,369
Elevated atmospheric ozone increases concentration of insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac protein in Bt Brassica napus and reduces feeding of a Bt target herbivore on the non-transgenic parent
Himanen, SJ; Nerg, AM; Nissinen, A; Stewart, CN; Poppy, GM; Holopainen, JK
2,009
Sustained cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops requires stable transgene expression under variable abiotic conditions. We studied the interactions of Bt toxin production and chronic ozone exposure in Bt cry1Ac-transgenic oilseed rape and found that the insect resistance trait is robust under ozon...
1
595,120
Satellite observations of Mexico City pollution outflow from the Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES)
Shim, C; Li, Q; Luo, M; Kulawik, S; Worden, H; Worden, J; Eldering, A; Diskin, G; Sachse, G; Weinheimer, A; Knapp, D; Montzca, D; Campos, T
2,009
Concurrent tropospheric O3 and CO vertical profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) during the MILAGRO/INTEX-B aircraft campaigns over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and its surrounding regions were used to examine Mexico City pollution outflow on a regional scale. The pollution outflow from...
0
595,669
Influence of chronic ozone stress on carbon translocation pattern into rhizosphere microbial communities of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) during a growing season
Esperschutz, J; Pritsch, K; Gattinger, A; Welzl, G; Haesler, F; Buegger, F; Winkler, JB; Munch, JC; Schloter, M
2,009
The influence of long-term chronic ozone exposure on carbon fluxes from young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) into the phospholipid fraction of microbial communities (PLFA) in the rhizosphere and into the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction was studied in a lysimeter experiment using C-13 depleted CO2 over one veg...
1
697,231
Fate of nitrogen in Indian agriculture: environmental impacts, quantification and uncertainties - A review
Pathak, H; Mohanty, S; Prasad, R
2,009
Use of N fertilizer is an integral part of intensive agriculture. However, use-efficiency of applied fertilizer N is only 33% and the remaining is lost from agricultural systems causing environmental pollution through eutrophication, nitrate leaching, acid deposition, global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Q...
0
596,419
Age, strain, and gender as factors for increased sensitivity of the mouse lung to inhaled ozone
Vancza, EM; Galdanes, K; Gunnison, A; Hatch, G; Gordon, T
2,009
Ozone (O(3)) is a respiratory irritant that leads to airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. Animal studies show that neonates are more sensitive to O(3) inhalation than adults, and children represent a potentially susceptible population. This latter notion is not well established, and biological mechanisms unde...
1
595,729
Within-canopy and ozone fumigation effects on delta C-13 and Delta O-18 in adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees: relation to meteorological and gas exchange parameters
Gessler, A; Low, M; Heerdt, C; Op de Beeck, M; Schumacher, J; Grams, TEE; Bahnweg, G; Ceulemans, R; Werner, H; Matyssek, R; Rennenberg, H; Haberer, K
2,009
In this study, the effects of different light intensities either in direct sunlight or in the shade crown of adult beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees on delta C-13 and Delta O-18 were determined under ambient (1 x O-3) and twice-ambient (2 x O-3) atmospheric ozone concentrations during two consecutive years (2003 and 200...
0
617,041
Ozone stress down-regulates the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in human bronchial epithelial cells
Qu, F; Qin, XQ; Cui, YR; Xiang, Y; Tan, YR; Liu, HJ; Peng, LH; Zhou, XY; Liu, C; Zhu, XL
2,009
To investigate abnormalities of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression in chronic inflammatory airway diseases and its regulation mechanisms, the present study was designed to observe the expression of CFTR, CFTR chloride current and the possible relevant signal pathways in in vitro and i...
0
695,466
Exterior pollution and allergy: The infernal couple
Tsicopoulos, A; Yahia, SA; Ying, C
2,009
Airborne pollutants, both particulate and gaseous, represent a major environmental factor promoting allergic sensitization and allergic disease expression. These adverse effects of particulate matter are highly dependent upon the nature and size of the particles, their content of chemicals and metals, and the subjects'...
0
102,163
Evidence for impacts of near-ambient ozone concentrations on vegetation in southern Sweden
Karlsson, PE; Pleijel, H; Danielsson, H; Karlsson, GP; Piikki, K; Uddling, J
2,009
Substantial impacts of near-ambient ozone concentrations on agricultural crops, trees, and seminatural vegetation are demonstrated for southern Sweden. Impacts of ambient ozone levels (2-15 mu L L-1 hr annual accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 nL L-1 [AOT40]) range from a 2%-10% reduction for trees (e.g....
0
191,193
Extended follow-up and spatial analysis of the American Cancer Society study linking particulate air pollution and mortality
Krewski, D; Jerrett, M; Burnett, RT; Ma, R; Hughes, E; Shi, Y; Turner, MC; Pope, CA, III; Thurston, G; Calle, EE; Thun, MJ; Beckerman, B; Deluca, P; Finkelstein, N; Ito, K; Moore, DK; Newbold, KB; Ramsay, T; Ross, Z; Shin, H; Tempalski, B
2,009
This report describes a recent analysis of the original ACS cohort, a large ongoing prospective study of mortality in adults that started in 1982 and has played a central role in the setting of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for fine particulate matter pollution in the U.S. as well as assessments of benefits fr...
1
3,421,630
Integrated science assessment for Particulate Matter First External Review Draft
null
2,009
null
0
194,311
NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 is essential for ozone-induced oxidative stress in mice and humans
Voynow, JA; Fischer, BM; Zheng, S; Potts, EN; Grover, AR; Jaiswal, AK; Ghio, AJ; Foster, WM
2,009
One host susceptibility factor for ozone identified in epidemiologic studies is NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). We hypothesized that following ozone exposure, NQO1 is required to increase 8-isoprostane (also known as F2-isoprostane) production, a recognized marker of ozone-induced oxidative stress, and to enha...
1
595,110
Development of colorimetric ozone detection papers with high ultraviolet resistance using ultraviolet absorbers
Miwa, T; Maruo, YY; Akaoka, K; Kunioka, T; Nakamura, J
2,009
Two types of colorimetric ozone detection paper with high resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light have been developed for outdoor ozone detection. These detection papers incorporate indigo carmine and UV absorbers (UVAs). When exposed to ozone, the papers change color from blue to white, and the ozone concentration can be...
1
199,790
Elevated night soil temperatures result in earlier incidence and increased extent of foliar ozone injury to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Albertine, JM; Manning, WJ
2,009
It is well established that increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and changes in land surface albedo are causing global climate change. Global surface temperatures have increased 0.76 ?C from the average calculated from 1850 to 1899, to the current average calculated from 2001 to 2005 (Trenberth et al., 2...
0
655,496
Local UVB-induced immunosuppression is mediated by IL-10-produing and OX40L-positive mature Langerhans cells
Yoshiki, R; Kabashima, K; Sugita, K; Nakamura, M; Tokura, Y
2,009
null
0
669,084
Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change
null
2,009
null
1
195,855
The temporal pattern of mortality responses to ambient ozone in the APHEA project
Samoli, E; Zanobetti, A; Schwartz, J; Atkinson, R; Le Tertre, A; Schindler, C; Perez, L; Cadum, E; Pekkanen, J; Paldy, A; Touloumi, G; Katsouyanni, K
2,009
BACKGROUND: We investigated the temporal pattern of effects of summertime ozone (O(3)) in total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 21 European cities participating in the APHEA-2 project, which is fundamental in determining the importance of the effect in terms of life loss. METHODS: Data from each city were ...
1
595,141
Comparative evaluation of nitrogen oxides and ozone passive diffusion tubes for exposure studies
Vardoulakis, S; Lumbreras, J; Solazzo, E
2,009
Passive diffusion tubes are recognised as a cost-effective sampling method for characterising the spatial variability, as well as the seasonal and annual trends, of NO2 concentrations in urban areas. In addition, NOX and O3 passive diffusion tubes have been developed and deployed in urban and rural areas. Despite their...
1
191,338
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on volatile terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication of transgenic insecticidal oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Himanen, SJ; Nerg, AM; Nissinen, A; Pinto, DM; Stewart, CN; Poppy, GM; Holopainen, JK
2,009
Does transgenically incorporated insect resistance affect constitutive and herbivore-inducible terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication under elevated atmospheric CO2 or ozone (O-3)? This study aimed to clarify the possible interactions between allocation to direct defences Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin p...
1
199,829
Ozone affects shikimate pathway genes and secondary metabolites in saplings of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) grown under greenhouse conditions
Betz, GA; Gerstner, E; Stich, S; Winkler, B; Welzl, G; Kremmer, E; Langebartels, C; Heller, W; Sandermann, H; Ernst, D
2,009
The shikimate pathway plays a central role in the formation of aromatic intermediates in the production of stilbenes, flavonoids and lignins. Ozone effects on the levels of transcripts in this pathway were studied in saplings of European beech. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones of all genes of this pathway were isolated,...
0
155,302
Influence of ozone on traffic-related particulate matter on the generation of hydroxyl radicals through a heterogeneous synergistic effect
Valavanidis, A; Loridas, S; Vlahogianni, T; Fiotakis, K
2,009
Epidemiologic studies suggest that ozone (O3) and airborne particulate matter (PM) can interact causing acute respiratory inflammation and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies investigated the hypothesis that the effects of air pollution caused by O3 and PM are larger than the effect of these two pollutants indiv...
0
595,119
Measurement of internal stray light within Dobson ozone spectrophotometers
Evans, R; McConville, G; Oltmans, S; Petropavlovskikh, I; Quincy, D
2,009
The Dobson ozone spectrophotometer is the primary ground-based instrument making measurements of total column ozone. Knowledge of the ozone layer prior to the satellite measurements is derived from these instruments' more than 80-year record. Internal stray light within the instrument limits its ability to make accurat...
0
191,403
A flux-based assessment of the effects of ozone on foliar injury, photosynthesis, and yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Borlotto Nano Lingua di Fuoco) in open-top chambers
Gerosa, G; Marzuoli, R; Rossini, M; Panigada, C; Meroni, M; Colombo, R; Faoro, F; Iriti, M
2,009
Stomatal ozone uptake, determined with the Jarvis' approach, was related to phorosynthetic efficiency assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance measurements in open-top chamber experiments on Phaseolus vulgaris. The effects Of O-3 exposure were also evaluated in terms of visible and microscopical leaf injury...
0
418,828
Environmental conditions, air pollutants, and airway cells in runners: A longitudinal field study
Chimenti, L; Morici, G; Paterno, A; Bonanno, A; Vultaggio, M; Bellia, V; Bonsignore, MR
2,009
Runners have increased numbers of neutrophils in the airways at rest and after exercise compared with sedentary individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether Mediterranean seasonal changes in temperature, humidity or airborne pollutants affect the airway cells of runners training outdoors in an urban envi...
1
193,238
Climate forcing by the on-road transportation and power generation sectors
Unger, N; Shindell, DT; Wang, TS
2,009
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Effective mitigation of globa...
0
191,540
Nutrient contents and efficiencies of beech and spruce saplings as influenced by competition and O3/CO2 regime
Rodenkirchen, H; Gottlein, A; Kozovits, AR; Matyssek, R; Grams, TEE
2,009
Saplings of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies were grown under conditions of intra and interspecific competition in a 2-year phytotron study under combinations of ambient and elevated ozone (+O-3 which is 2 X O-3, but <150 nl l(-1)) as well as carbon dioxide concentrations (+CO2 which is amb. CO2 + 300 mu l CO2 l(-1)) in...
1
197,791
Ozone oxidizes glutathione to a sulfonic acid
Enami, S; Hoffmann, MR; Colussi, AJ
2,009
Biosurfaces are universally covered with fluid microfilms containing reduced glutathione (GSH) and other antioxidants whose putative roles include the detoxification of ambient ozone (O(3)). It is generally believed that O(3) accepts an electron from the thiolate GS(2-) function [pK(a)(GS(-)) = 8.8] of GSH to produce t...
1
196,918
Variation in ozone sensitivity within Indian hemp and common milkweed selections from the Midwest
Kline, LJ; Davis, DD; Skelly, JM; Decoteau, DR
2,009
Sixteen selections of Apocynum cannabinum (Indian Hemp) and nine of Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed) from midwestern USA were exposed to 40 or 80 ppb ozone under controlled conditions within greenhouse continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) chambers to evaluate their relative ozone sensitivity. The incidence and s...
1
695,361
The Seasonal Variation of the Concentrations of Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Oxides in Two Nigerian Cities
Raheem, A; Adekola, FA; Obioh, IO
2,009
A combination of multivariate statistical methods including factor analysis, principal component analysis, principal component regression, and multiple linear regression (MLR) were employed to evaluate the influence of seasons on the concentrations of ozone, sulfur (IV) oxide, and oxides of nitrogen in ambient air of N...
0
617,378
Microenvironmental characteristics important for personal exposures to aldehydes in Sacramento, CA, and Milwaukee, WI
Raymer, JH; Akland, G; Johnson, TR; Long, T; Michael, L; Cauble, L; Mccombs, M
2,009
oxygenated additives in gasoline are designed to decrease the ozone-forming hydrocarbons and total air toxics. yet they can increase the emissions of aldehydes and thus increase human exposure to these toxic compounds. This paper describes a study conducted to characterize targeted aldehydes in microenvironments in Sac...
0
199,849
Spectral identification of ozone-damaged pine needles
Di Vittorio, AV; Biging, GS
2,009
Needles were collected from ponderosa and Jeffrey pine trees at three sites in the Sierra Nevada, and were assembled into 504 samples and grouped according to five dominant live needle conditions-green, winter fleck, sucking insect damage, scale insect damage, and ozone damage-and a random mixture. Reflectance and tran...
0
618,043
Defining hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides x Populus trichocarpa) tolerance to ozone: Identifying key parameters
Ryan, A; Cojocariu, C; Possell, M; Davies, WJ; Hewitt, CN
2,009
This study examined whether two genotypes of hybrid poplar ( Populus deltoides ??a?? Populus trichocarpa), previously classified as ozone tolerant and ozone sensitive, had differing physiological and biochemical responses when fumigated with 120 nL L<sup>??E?a??1</sup> ozone for 6 h per day for eight consecutive days. ...
1
195,611
Insights into the mechanisms and mediators of the effects of air pollution exposure on blood pressure and vascular function in healthy humans
Brook, RD; Urch, B; Dvonch, JT; Bard, RL; Speck, M; Keeler, G; Morishita, M; Marsik, FJ; Kamal, AS; Kaciroti, N; Harkema, J; Corey, P; Silverman, F; Gold, DR; Wellenius, G; Mittleman, MA; Rajagopalan, S; Brook, JR
2,009
Fine particulate matter air pollution plus ozone impairs vascular function and raises diastolic blood pressure. We aimed to determine the mechanism and air pollutant responsible. The effects of pollution on heart rate variability, blood pressure, biomarkers, and brachial flow-mediated dilatation were determined in 2 ra...
0
191,452
Impact of elevated O3 on soil microbial community function under wheat crop
Chen, Z; Wang, XK; Feng, ZZ; Xiao, Q; Duan, XN
2,009
This study was initiated to explore the effects of ozone (O-3) exposure on potted wheat roots and soil microbial community function. Three treatments were performed: (1) Air with daily averaged O-3 concentration of 4-10 ppb (control situation, CK), (2) Air plus 8 h averaged O-3 concentration of 76.1 ppb (O-3-1), and (3...
1