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619,956
Ozone exposure and its influence on the worsening of childhood asthma
Sousa, SIV; Alvim-Ferraz, MCM; Martins, FG; Pereira, MC
2,009
It is well documented that high levels of many airborne pollutants can adversely affect many systems of the human body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific impact of ozone (O-3) on the worsening of childhood asthma, comparing children living at regions with high and low O-3 concentrations (reference site...
1
199,287
Ozone-induced stipple on plants in the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina
Davis, DD
2,009
During 1996-1998 and 2002-2003, field surveys were conducted within the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, located on the Atlantic coast of South Carolina, to determine if refuge vegetation exhibited foliar symptoms (stipple) induced by ambient ozone. Foliar stipple was observed on Rhus copallina (Winged Sumac), Sap...
1
191,684
Strategies to lower greenhouse gas level by rice agriculture
Hsu, YW; Singh, SK; Chiang, MY; Wu, YY; Chang, IF
2,009
The Earth's average temperature has risen to about 1 degrees F in the past 100 years and is projected to rise another 3 to 10 degrees F in the next 100 years. Human activity in last few decades has increased the concentration of various greenhouse gases, leading to increased CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs and n...
0
597,363
Exhaled nitric oxide in a population-based study of southern California schoolchildren
Linn, WS; Rappaport, EB; Berhane, KT; Bastain, TM; Avol, EL; Gilliland, FD
2,009
Background Determinants of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) need to be understood better to maximize the value of FeNO measurement in clinical practice and research. Our aim was to identify significant predictors of FeNO in an initial cross-sectional survey of southern California schoolchildren, part of a larger longitudina...
1
506,264
The toxicology of climate change: Environmental contaminants in a warming world
Noyes, PD; Mcelwee, MK; Miller, HD; Clark, BW; Van Tiem, LA; Walcott, KC; Erwin, KN; Levin, ED
2,009
Climate change induced by anthropogenic warming of the earth's atmosphere is a daunting problem. This review examines one of the consequences of climate change that has only recently attracted attention: namely, the effects of climate change on the environmental distribution and toxicity of chemical pollutants. A revie...
0
191,569
The ozone component of global change: Potential effects on agricultural and horticultural plant yield, product quality and interactions with invasive species
Booker, FL; Muntifering, R; Mcgrath, M; Burkey, K; Decoteau, D; Fiscus, E; Manning, W; Krupa, S; Chappelka, A; Grantz, D
2,009
The productivity, product quality and competitive ability of important agricultural and horticultural plants in many regions of the world may be adversely affected by current and anticipated concentrations of ground-level ozone (O-3). Exposure to elevated O-3 typically results in suppressed photosynthesis, accelerated ...
1
611,761
[Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: Insights from the French air pollution and health surveillance program]
Lefranc, A; Pascal, L; Larrieu, S; Blanchard, M; Wagner, V; Declercq, C
2,009
Purpose of the study. Precise quantifications of the health effects of air pollution were made available during the last 20 years. Cardiovascular health quickly gained much attention, as epidemiological and experimental studies showed that it was, as least as much as respiratory health, affected by air pollutants. Toda...
0
694,638
Complex Interactions of Pollutant and Allergen Exposures and Their Impact on People With Asthma
Eggleston, PA
2,009
Pediatric asthma has many causes and can manifest differently in different children and at different times. Understanding the many factors related to the development and exacerbation of asthma is complicated by the complexity of the many environmental exposures related to asthma development and morbidity. Furthermore, ...
0
195,627
Outdoor air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and asthma management: Opportunities for intervention to reduce the burden of asthma
Gilliland, FD
2,009
Outdoor air pollution at levels occurring in many urban areas around the world has substantial adverse effects on health. Children in general, and children with asthma in particular, are sensitive to the adverse effects of outdoor air pollutants, including ozone, nitrogen oxides, and respirable particulate matter. A gr...
0
194,010
Consolidated human activity database
null
2,009
Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) contains data obtained from pre-existing human activity studies that were collected at city, state, and national levels. CHAD is intended to be an input file for exposure/intake dose modeling and/or statistical analysis. CHAD is a master database providing access to other hum...
1
191,471
The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species
De Lillis, M; Bianco, PM; Loreto, F
2,009
The impact of water content and isoprenoids on leaf flammability was studied. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out on monoterpene-emitting evergreen broad-leaved species (Quercus ilex, Quercus suber); a needle-leaved species (Pinus halepensis) that emits and stores monoterpenes; an evergreen species (Myrtu...
0
494,873
Cell death in the skin
Lippens, S; Hoste, E; Vandenabeele, P; Agostinis, P; Declercq, W
2,009
The skin is the largest organ of the body and protects the organism against external physical, chemical and biological insults, such as wounding, ultraviolet radiation and micro-organisms. The epidermis is the upper part of the skin that is continuously renewed. The keratinocytes are the major cell type in the epidermi...
0
191,521
Modelling ozone fluxes to forests for risk assessment: Status and prospects
Tuovinen, JP; Emberson, L; Simpson, D
2,009
Risk assessment of ozone effects on forests is gradually moving from concentration-based exposure metrics to a more complicated approach that requires modelling of ozone fluxes to trees. This study reviews the status of the DO3SE stomatal flux model employed within the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Polluti...
0
190,895
Factors influencing relationships between personal and ambient concentrations of gaseous and particulate pollutants
Brown, KW; Sarnat, JA; Suh, HH; Coull, BA; Koutrakis, P
2,009
Previous exposure studies have shown considerable inter-subject variability in personal?ambient associations. This paper investigates exposure factors that may be responsible for inter-subject variability in these personal?ambient associations. The personal and ambient data used in this paper were collected as part of ...
1
191,297
Deciduous shrubs for ozone bioindication: Hibiscus syriacus as an example
Paoletti, E; Ferrara, AM; Calatayud, V; Cervero, J; Giannetti, F; Sanz, MJ; Manning, WJ
2,009
Ozone-like visible injury was detected on Hibiscus syriacus plants used as ornamental hedges. Weekly spray of the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU, 300 ppm) confirmed that the injury was induced by ambient ozone. EDU induced a 75% reduction in visible injury. Injury was more severe on the western than on the eastern exp...
0
191,201
The design and field implementation of the Detroit exposure and aerosol research study
Williams, R; Rea, A; Vette, A; Croghan, C; Whitaker, D; Stevens, C; Mcdow, S; Fortmann, R; Sheldon, L; Wilson, H; Thornburg, J; Phillips, M; Lawless, P; Rodes, C; Daughtrey, H
2,009
The US Environmental Protection Agency recently conducted the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). The study began in 2004 and involved community, residential, and personal-based measurements of air pollutants targeting 120 participants and their residences. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate...
1
596,463
Global goods movement and the local burden of childhood asthma in southern California
Perez, L; Kunzli, N; Avol, E; Hricko, AM; Mplurmann, F; Nicholas, E; Gilliland, F; Peters, J; Mcconnell, R
2,009
Objectives. As part of a community-based participatory research effort, we estimated the preventable burden of childhood asthma associated with air pollution in the southern California communities of Long Beach and Riverside. Methods. We calculated attributable fractions for 2 air pollution reduction scenarios to inclu...
0
191,305
Differences in leaf characteristics between ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) clones
Haikio, E; Freiwald, V; Julkunen-Tiitto, R; Beuker, E; Holopainen, T; Oksanen, E
2,009
The authors analyzed a suite of leaf characteristics that might help to explain the difference between ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones. An open-field experiment comprising ambient ozone and 1.5x ambient ozone concentration (about 35 ppb) and two S...
0
200,910
Re-assessment of plant carbon dynamics at the Duke free-air CO2 enrichment site: Interactions of atmospheric [CO2] with nitrogen and water availability over stand development
Mccarthy, HR; Oren, R; Johnsen, KH; Gallet-Budynek, A; Pritchard, SG; Cook, CW; Ladeau, SL; Jackson, RB; Finzi, AC
2,009
The potential for elevated [CO2]-induced changes to plant carbon (C) storage, through modifications in plant production and allocation of C among plant pools, is an important source of uncertainty when predicting future forest function. Utilizing 10 yr of data from the Duke free-air CO2 enrichment site, we evaluated th...
1
177,324
Historical record of mercury contamination in sediments from the Babeni Reservoir in the Olt River, Romania
Bravo, AG; Loizeau, JL; Ancey, L; Ungureanu, VG; Dominik, J
2,009
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous and hazardous contaminant in the aquatic environment showing a strong biomagnification effect along the food chain. The most common transfer path of Hg to humans is contaminated fish consumption. In severely exposed humans, Hg poisoning may lead to damage in the c...
0
597,084
Functional variants in the catalase and myeloperoxidase genes, ambient air pollution, and respiratory-related school absences: An example of epistasis in gene-environment interactions
Wenten, M; Gauderman, WJ; Berhane, K; Lin, PC; Peters, J; Gilliland, FD
2,009
The individual effect of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms within the catalase and myeloperoxidase genes (CAT and MPO) has been studied in relation to asthma; however, their interrelationship with ambient air pollution exposures has yet to be determined. The authors investigated the interrelationships between ...
1
689,855
Temperature enhanced effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in 95 large US communities, 1987-2000: Assessment using the NMMAPS data
Ren, C; Williams, GM; Mengersen, K; Morawska, L; Tong, S
2,009
A few studies examined interactive effects between air pollution and temperature on health outcomes. In this study, the authors aimed to examine whether temperature modified effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in 95 large US cities. The authors separately used a nonparametric regression model and a parametric ...
0
651,906
Peculiarities of cell cycle kinetics in normal keratinocytes and melanocytes after exposure to UV-B radiation
Ruksha, TG
2,009
We studied changes in cell cycle and apoptosis in normal keratinocytes and melanocytes after exposure to UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation modulated proliferation rate in the studied cell and produced an apoptosis-modulating effect in epidermal melanocytes.
0
191,237
Assessment of present and future risk to Italian forests and human health: Modelling and mapping
De Marco, A
2,009
A review of ozone pollution in Italy shows levels largely above the thresholds established by EU regulation for vegetation and human health protection. The Italian air quality monitoring network appears quantitatively inadequate to cover all the territorial surface, because of scarcity and unequal distribution of monit...
0
597,489
Vgamma1+ T cells and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness
Matsubara, S; Takeda, K; Jin, N; Okamoto, M; Matsuda, H; Shiraishi, Y; Park, JW; Mcconville, G; Joetham, A; O'Brien, RL; Dakhama, A; Born, WK; Gelfand, EW
2,009
gammadelta T cells regulate airway reactivity, but their role in ozone (O3)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is not known. Our objective was to determine the role of gammadelta T cells in O3-induced AHR. Different strains of mice, including those that were genetically manipulated or antibody-depleted to render ...
0
605,714
On the relationship between erythemal and vitamin D action spectrum weighted ultraviolet radiation
Fioletov, VE; McArthur, LJB; Mathews, TW; Marrett, L
2,009
Erythemally weighted solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is often used to characterize the production of vitamin D in a human body. However, the vitamin D production action spectrum is different than that for erythemal UV. The vitamin D action spectrum weighted UV is more sensitive to UV-B, while the erythemal UV action s...
0
201,576
Impact of adiponectin deficiency on pulmonary responses to acute ozone exposure in mice
Zhu, M; Hug, C; Kasahara, DI; Johnston, RA; Williams, AS; Verbout, NG; Si, H; Jastrab, J; Srivastava, A; Williams, ES; Ranscht, B; Shore, SA
2,009
Rationale: Obese mice have increased responses to acute ozone exposure. T-Cadherin is a binding protein for the high molecular weight isoforms of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory hormone that declines in obesity. Objective: To determine whether adiponectin affects pulmonary responses to ozone, and whether these effect...
0
695,447
Potential impact of climate change on air pollution-related human health effects
Tagaris, E; Liao, KJ; Delucia, AJ; Deck, L; Amar, P; Russell, AG
2,009
The potential health impact of ambient ozone and PM2.5 concentrations modulated by climate change over the United States is investigated using combined atmospheric and health modeling. Regional air quality modeling for 2001 and 2050 was conducted using CMAQ Modeling System with meteorology from the GISS Global Climate ...
0
191,541
Nutritional effects triggered by the extreme summer 2003 in the free air ozone fumigation experiment at the Kranzberger Forst
Gottlein, A; Rodenkirchen, H; Haberle, KH; Matyssek, R
2,009
Since the year 2000 mature beech and spruce trees were treated in a Weld experiment with double ambient ozone concentrations. Elevated ozone had no influence on average single leaf biomass and there were also no ozone effects on leaf nutrient concentrations in climatic normal years. However, the extraordinary dry summe...
0
191,500
Leaf isoprene emission rate as a function of atmospheric CO2 concentration
Wilkinson, MJ; Monson, RK; Trahan, N; Lee, S; Brown, E; Jackson, RB; Polley, HW; Fay, PA; Fall, R
2,009
There is considerable interest in modeling isoprene emissions from terrestrial vegetation, because these emissions exert a principal control over the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. We used a unique field experiment that employs a continuous gradient in CO2 concentration from 240 to 520 ppmv to demonstrate that ...
0
191,288
Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America
Campbell, JL; Rustad, LE; Boyer, EW; Christopher, SF; Driscoll, CT; Fernandez, IJ; Groffman, PM; Houle, D; Kiekbusch, J; Magill, AH; Mitchell, MJ; Ollinger, SV
2,009
A critical component of assessing the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems involves understanding associated changes in the biogeochemical cycling of elements. Evidence from research on northeastern North American forests shows that direct effects of climate change will evoke changes in biogeochemical cycling...
0
191,712
Variation of defence-related metabolites in the foliage of adult beech and spruce: A conceptual approach to approximating traded-off carbon
Haberle, KH; Nunn, AJ; Reiter, IM; Werner, H; Heller, W; Bahnweg, G; Gayler, S; Lutz, C; Matyssek, R
2,009
To prevent carbon (C) loss to consumers, trees need to defend their primary production. The tree-internal conflict in resource allocation between growth and defence demands has been the subject of various hypotheses but still requires quantification. A conceptual approach to approximating the C amount dispensable in fa...
0
694,694
Large climate-induced changes in ultraviolet index and stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone flux
Hegglin, MI; Shepherd, TG
2,009
Now that stratospheric ozone depletion has been controlled by the Montreal Protocol(1), interest has turned to the effects of climate change on the ozone layer(2,3). Climate models predict an accelerated stratospheric circulation(4-6), leading to changes in the spatial distribution of stratospheric ozone(2,7) and an in...
0
201,538
Signal transduction pathways linking the activation of alveolar macrophages with the recruitment of neutrophils to lungs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Murugan, V; Peck, MJ
2,009
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and increasing global health problem. It is predicted by the World Health Organization to become the third most common cause of death and the fifth most common cause of disability in the world by 2020. COPD is a complex inflammatory disease involving several types...
0
199,902
Maladaptation of critical cellular functions in asthma: A bioinformatic analysis
Agrawal, A; Sinha, A; Ahmad, T; Aich, J; Singh, P; Sharma, A; Ghosh, B
2,009
Small maladaptations in cellular response to environmental stressors may underlie diseases like asthma. However, genome-wide transcriptional profile comparisons between case and controls only highlight the quantitatively largest changes. Critical cellular homeostatic pathways may be upregulated modestly during normal a...
0
399,331
Early suppression of NFkappaB and IL-8 in bronchial epithelium after ozone exposure in healthy human subjects
Bosson, J; Blomberg, A; Pourazar, J; Mudway, IS; Frew, AJ; Kelly, FJ; Sandstrom, T
2,009
Exposure to elevated concentrations of ozone, a common air pollutant, has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. We have previously reported the time-course of ozone-induced airway inflammation, demonstrating an early up-regulation of vascular endothelial adhesion molecules in bronchial mucosa at 1.5 hou...
1
102,165
Observations of Ground-level Ozone and NO2 in Northernmost Sweden, Including the Scandian Mountain Range
Klingberg, J; Bjorkman, MP; Karlsson, GP; Pleijel, H
2,009
Ozone was measured using passive diffusion samplers at alpine Latnjajaure (980 m above sea level [asl]) in the northern Scandian Mountain Range during spring and summer 2006-2008, and year-round at three further sites in northernmost Sweden 2004-2008. These observations were compared with ozone concentrations from thre...
0
596,480
Northern Plants and Ozone
Manninen, S; Huttunen, S; Tommervik, H; Hole, LR; Solberg, S
2,009
"Forests in northern Fennoscandia are mainly composed of the O-3-sensitive species-Scots pine and downy, mountain, and silver birches. Seminatural vegetation also contributes to biodiversity, carbon cycling, and ecosystem services as a part of forests, mires, meadows, and road verges. Fumigation experiments show that c...
0
102,160
Ambient ozone concentration and its impact on forest vegetation in Lithuania
Girgzdiene, R; Serafinaviciute, B; Stakenas, V; Bycenkiene, S
2,009
Continuous ozone concentration measurements at rural sites in Lithuania have been performed since 1982. Longterm ozone data show an increasing trend 0.4 ppb y(-1) in annual mean concentrations during the period 1982-2008, although ozone peak values show an insignificant tendency to decrease. Several studies were perfor...
0
199,814
Reply to the comment on "Hot, dry, wet, cold or toxic? Revisiting the ecological significance of leaf cuticular micromorphology
Haworth, M; Mcelwain, JC
2,009
Refers to: Hot, dry, wet, cold or toxic? Revisiting the ecological significance of leaf and cuticular micromorphology Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 262, Issues 1-2, 27 May 2008, Pages 79-90, Matthew Haworth, Jennifer McElwain Refers to: Comment on ?Hot, dry, wet, cold or toxic? Revisiting th...
0
735,275
Air pollution and hospital admissions for pneumonia: Are there potentially sensitive groups
Cheng, MF; Tsai, SS; Chiu, HF; Sung, FC; Wu, TN; Yang, CY
2,009
Recent studies have shown that air pollution is a risk factor for hospitalization for pneumonia. However, there is limited evidence to suggest what subpopulations are at greater risk from air pollution. This study was undertaken to examine the modifying effect of specific secondary diagnosis (including hypertension, di...
0
625,764
Ozone and cause-specific cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality
Halonen, JI; Lanki, T; Tiittanen, P; Niemi, JV; Loh, M; Pekkanen, J
2,009
Objectives: Health effects of ozone (O3) have been observed in numerous studies. However, analyses for more cause-specific morbidity or mortality outcomes have rarely been performed. Therefore, we determined the short-term associations of ozone with cause-specific cardiorespiratory mortality and morbidity by age groups...
1
695,478
Does Air Conditioning Modify the Health Effects of Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution?
Vedal, S
2,009
null
0
594,282
Association of ambient ozone exposure with airway inflammation and allergy in adults with asthma
Khatri, SB; Holguin, FC; Ryan, PB; Mannino, D; Erzurum, SC; Teague, WG
2,009
Rationale. Previous studies have demonstrated associations of high ozone levels with increased epidemiologic as well as lung function measures of asthma activity. Objectives. In an observational study during the summer months, we hypothesized that higher ambient ozone levels are associated with more frequent symptoms, ...
1
694,709
Atmospheric deterioration of Qin brick in an environmental chamber at Emperor Qin's Terracotta Museum, China
Hu, TF; Lee, SC; Cao, JJ; Ho, WK; Ho, KF; Chow, JC; Watson, JG; Rong, B; An, ZS
2,009
Potential mechanisms for the changing appearance of Qin terracotta was evaluated on simulated bricks with, SO2, NH3, O-3, and a NH3/O-3 mixture for total dosages of 2.2-5.4 ppm-years. Changes in the surface composition and appearance were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM...
0
596,257
Do chronic aboveground O3 exposure and belowground pathogen stress affect growth and belowground biomass partitioning of juvenile beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.)?
Winkler, JB; Fleischmann, F; Gayler, S; Scherb, H; Matyssek, R; Grams, TEE
2,009
The impact of chronic free air ozone (O-3) exposure and belowground pathogen stress on growth and total biomass development of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) was investigated in a lysimeter study. Plants were growing during four years under ambient or elevated atmospheric O-3 concentrations. Additionally, in th...
0
548,793
Interaction of ambient air pollution with asthma medication on exhaled nitric oxide among asthmatics
Qian, Z; Lin, HM; Chinchilli, VM; Lehman, EB; Duan, Y; Craig, TJ; Wilson, WE; Liao, D; Lazarus, SC; Bascom, R
2,009
The interaction between ambient air pollution and asthma medication remains unclear. The authors compared airway inflammation response to air pollution among asthmatics. Increases of 10 ppb of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and of 10 microg/m3 of particulate matter < 10 micron in diameter (PM10) daily concentrations were assoc...
1
651,818
Do different ethnic groups need different sun protection?
Antoniou, C; Lademann, J; Schanzer, S; Richter, H; Sterry, W; Zastrow, L; Koch, S
2,009
Background In the present study, the transmission of sunlight trough the human skin barrier into the living tissue was investigated in the spectral region between 280 and 700 nm. Methods The experiments were performed with a fiber-based spectrometer on sliced skin obtained from volunteers with different skin types. One...
0
479,868
Nitrogen management is essential to prevent tropical oil palm plantations from causing ground-level ozone pollution
Hewitt, CN; Mackenzie, AR; Di Carlo, P; Di Marco, CF; Dorsey, , JR; Evans, M; Fowler, D; Gallagher, MW; Hopkins, , JR; Jones, CE; Langford, B; Lee, JD; Lewis, AC; Lim, SF; Mcquaid, J; Misztal, P; Moller, SJ; Monks, PS; Nemitz, E; Oram, DE; Owen, SM; Phillips, GJ; Pugh, TAM; Pyle, JA; Reeves, CE; Ryder, J; Siong, J; Ski...
2,009
More than half the world's rainforest has been lost to agriculture since the Industrial Revolution. Among the most widespread tropical crops is oil palm (Elaeis guineensis): global production now exceeds 35 million tonnes per year. In Malaysia, for example, 13% of land area is now oil palm plantation, compared with 1% ...
0
695,468
Nitric acid and particulate matter measurements at Athens, Greece, in connection with corrosion studies
Tzanis, C; Varotsos, C; Ferm, M; Christodoulakis, J; Assimakopoulos, MN; Efthymiou, C
2,009
For a long time, scientists have been concerned about the effects of air pollution on materials and especially on the monuments of the cultural heritage. The EU funded a project, entitled MULTI-ASSESS, to determine these effects and to develop dose-response functions appropriate for the new multi-pollutant environment....
0
199,395
Cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) response to ozone and ethylenediurea (EDU)
Szantoi, Z; Chappelka, AH; Muntifering, RB; Somers, GL
2,009
Cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L) seedlings were placed into open-top chambers in May, 2004 and fumigated for 12 wks. Nine chambers were fumigated with either carbon-filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF) or twice-ambient (2x) ozone (O-3). Ethylenediurea (EDU) was applied as a foliar spray weekly at 0 (contro...
0
597,499
Nitrative and oxidative stress in toxicology and disease
Roberts, RA; Laskin, DL; Smith, CV; Robertson, FM; Allen, EM; Doorn, JA; Slikker, W
2,009
Persistent inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play pivotal roles in tissue injury during disease pathogenesis and as a reaction to toxicant exposures. The associated oxidative and nitrative stress promote diverse pathologic reactions including neurodegenerative disorders, atheroscle...
0
695,460
Using air quality modeling to study source-receptor relationships between nitrogen oxides emissions and ozone exposures over the United States
Tong, DQ; Muller, NZ; Kan, HD; Mendelsohn, RO
2,009
Human exposure to ambient ozone (O-3) has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects. The ozone level at a location is contributed by local production, regional transport, and background ozone. This Study combines detailed emission inventory, air quality modeling, and census data to investigate the source-recep...
0
595,106
Measurement of NOy during campaign of air quality research in Beijing 2006 (CAREBeijing-2006): Implications for the ozone production efficiency of NOx
Chou, CCK; Tsai, CY; Shiu, CJ; Liu, SC; Zhu, T
2,009
Total reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) are among the key components in the chemistry of ozone production. In order to improve the understanding of the formation mechanisms of high-ozone events in Beijing, China, an intensive experiment on the reactive nitrogen oxides was carried out at the observatory of Peking Universit...
0
624,890
The impact of air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in an oil-rich country
Bener, A; Dogan, M; Shanks, NJ
2,009
OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of air pollution on hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in an oil rich developing country, State of Qatar. METHODS: A prospective cohort population based study was conducted at different stations of Qatar during the period (2002-2005) ...
0
699,248
Association between media alerts of air quality index and change of outdoor activity among adult asthma in six states, BRFSS, 2005
Wen, XJ; Balluz, L; Mokdad, A
2,009
Media alerts of air quality index (AQI) were designed to inform the public the need to avoid harmful air pollution by changing their outdoor activities. The relationship between AQI media alerts and change in outdoor activities among people with asthma is unknown. Our objective is to examine this relationship. Data wer...
1
838,255
Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid nitric oxide levels in diffuse systemic sclerosis
Inal, V; Aksu, K; Cok, G; Girgin, F; Keser, G; Kutay, F; Doganavsargil, E
2,009
null
0
596,152
Biochemical responses in tree foliage exposed to coal-fired power plant emission in seasonally dry tropical environment
Sharma, AP; Tripathi, BD
2,009
A biomonitoring study was conducted to investigate the responses of plants exposed to power plant emission in a dry tropical environment. For this purpose, five sampling sites were selected in the prevailing wind direction (NE) at different distance to thermal power plant (TPP) within 8.0 km range and a reference site ...
0
191,281
Competition in mixed stands of beech and spruce: effects of climate and ozone
Rust, S; Roloff, A
2,009
null
0
191,285
Composition and carbon dynamics of forests in northeastern North America in a future, warmer world
Mohan, JE; Cox, RM; Iverson, LR
2,009
Increasing temperatures, precipitation extremes, and other anthropogenic influences (pollutant deposition, increasing carbon dioxide) will influence future forest composition and productivity in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. This synthesis of empirical and modeling studies includes tree DNA evidenc...
0
694,852
Ultrafine Particles in Indoor Air of a School: Possible Role of Secondary Organic Aerosols
Morawska, L; He, CR; Johnson, G; Guo, H; Uhde, E; Ayoko, G
2,009
The aim of this work was to investigate ultrafine particles (<0.1 mu m) in primary school classrooms, in relation to the classroom activities. The investigations were conducted in three classrooms during two measuring campaigns, which together encompassed a period of 60 days. Initial investigations showed that under th...
0
199,312
Effects of elevated ozone on growth and foliar traits of European and hybrid aspen
Nikula, S; Percy, K; Oksanen, E; Holopainen, T; Manninen, S
2,009
We studied growth and foliar responses of two clones of both European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (P. tremula X P. tremuloides) to elevated O-3 (45 ppb, 14-h mean) over one growing season using a free-air fumigation system in central Finland. All clones exhibited O-3-specific foliar injury and accelerated ...
0
628,605
Role of cathepsin S in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation
Williams, AS; Eynott, PR; Leung, SY; Nath, P; Jupp, R; De Sanctis, GT; Resnick, R; Adcock, IM; Chung, KF
2,009
Ambient ozone has been linked to the worsening of symptoms of patients with obstructive diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. We investigated the role of cathepsin S on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation, using the selective cathepsin S inhibitor, Compou...
1
199,355
Dose-response studies assessing the impact of atmospheric ozone on greenhouse crops
Wetzstein, H; Law, SE
2,009
null
0
694,402
Proteome changes in human epidermis induced by UVB irradiation
Benlhabib, E; Hordinsky, MK; Panoutsopoulou, IG; Wendelschafer-Crabb, G; Kennedy, WR; Wilcox, GL
2,009
null
0
190,068
Ambient air pollution and daily mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction
Berglind, N; Bellander, T; Forastiere, F; von Klot, S; Aalto, P; Elosua, R; Kulmala, M; Lanki, T; Lowel, H; Peters, A; Picciotto, S; Salomaa, V; Stafoggia, M; Sunyer, J; Nyberg, F
2,009
Background: Certain subgroups in the general population, such as persons with existing cardiovascular or respiratory disease, may be more likely to experience adverse health effects from air pollution. Methods: In this European multicenter study, 25,006 myocardial infarction (MI) survivors in 5 cities were recruited fr...
0
199,901
Oxidative stress impairs the heat stress response and delays unfolded protein recovery
Adachi, M; Liu, Y; Fujii, K; Calderwood, SK; Nakai, A; Imai, K; Shinomura, Y
2,009
Background Environmental changes, air pollution and ozone depletion are increasing oxidative stress, and global warming threatens health by heat stress. We now face a high risk of simultaneous exposure to heat and oxidative stress. However, there have been few studies investigating their combined adverse effects on cel...
0
749,703
Unexpected epoxide formation in the gas-phase photooxidation of isoprene
Paulot, F; Crounse, JD; Kjaergaard, HG; Kurten, A; Stclair, JM; Seinfeld, JH; Wennberg, PO
2,009
Emissions of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds to the atmosphere from the biosphere exceed those from anthropogenic activity. Isoprene, a five-carbon diene, contributes more than 40% of these emissions. Once emitted to the atmosphere, isoprene is rapidly oxidized by the hydroxyl radical OH. We report here that under pri...
0
191,330
Effects of atmospheric and climate change at the timberline of the Central European Alps
Wieser, G; Matyssek, R; Luzian, R; Zwerger, P; Pindur, P; Oberhuber, W; Gruber, A
2,009
This review considers potential effects of atmospheric change and climate warming within the timberline ecotone of the Central European Alps. After focusing on the impacts of ozone (O-3) and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, effects of climate warming on the carbon and water balance of timberline trees and forests ...
0
43,703
Nitrogen oxides
Schlesinger, RB
2,009
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sources Nitrogen Dioxide Nitric Oxide Nitric/Nitrous Acid Inorganic Nitrates References
0
615,781
Sequencing diurnal air flow patterns for ozone exposure assessment around Houston, Texas
Pakalapati, S; Beaver, S; Romagnoli, JA; Palazoglu, A
2,009
requires detailed knowledge of its Understanding the human health impacts of ground level ozone spatial-temporal distribution beyond that provided by surface monitoring networks. Here, a novel methodology based on unsupervised multivariate statistical techniques has been developed and used to identify the transport and...
0
696,913
Ozone fluxes over various plant ecosystems in Italy: A review
Cieslik, S
2,009
Among air pollutants, ozone is the most important stressor to vegetation, which undergoes damage and biomass reduction after penetration of ozone molecules into the leaf tissues through the stomata. Stomatal ozone fluxes are considered the governing factor needed to assess risk to plant health due to ozone. Although th...
0
200,771
Cellular and molecular characterization of ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation in the Cynomolgus monkey
Hicks, A; Kourteva, G; Hilton, H; Li, H; Lin, TA; Liao, W; Li, Y; Wei, X; March, T; Benson, J; Renzetti, LM
2,009
We investigated the cellular and molecular effects of ozone exposure in Cynomolgus monkeys. Thirty-six Cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to single or repeat ozone challenge. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and histology. Gene expression profiling in lung and blood was performe...
0
196,713
The hypothesis of an impact of ozone on the occurrence of completed and attempted suicides
Biermann, T; Stilianakis, N; Bleich, S; Thurauf, N; Kornhuber, J; Reulbach, U
2,009
Air pollution and its impact on human health are of growing concern throughout the world. Recent studies have mainly focussed on respiratory and vascular mortality. The existence of seasonality of ozone distribution and also of the occurrence of suicides as well as suicide attempts is generally accepted, though an inte...
0
196,962
Ecophysiological responses of the larch species in northern Japan to environmental changes as a basis for afforestation
Ryu, K; Watanabe, M; Shibata, H; Takagi, K; Nomura, M; Koike, T
2,009
For sustainable use and suitable management of larch plantations, we must clarify the ecophysiological responses of larch species to environmental changes. The physical environment has been changing dramatically, e.g., increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]), nitrogen (N) deposition, and atmospheric ozone con...
0
199,405
Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: I. Gas-exchange, biomass, and leaf chemistry (vol 47, pg 1475, 2007)
Booker, FL; Burkey, KO; Pursley, WS; Heagle, AS
2,009
null
0
386,341
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: Health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants
Smith, KR; Jerrett, M; Anderson, HR; Burnett, RT; Stone, V; Derwent, R; Atkinson, RW; Cohen, A; Shonkoff, SB; Krewski, D; Pope, CA III; Thun, MJ; Thurston, G
2,009
Summary In this report we review the health effects of three short-lived greenhouse pollutants--black carbon, ozone, and sulphates. We undertook new meta-analyses of existing time-series studies and an analysis of a cohort of 352[punctuation space]000 people in 66 US cities during 18 years of follow-up. This cohort stu...
1
562,765
Neuroprotection in the Newborn Infant
Gonzalez, FF; Ferriero, DM
2,009
Neonatal brain injury is an important cause of death and disability, with pathways of oxidant stress, inflammation, and excitotoxicity that lead to damage that progresses over a long period of time. Therapies have classically targeted individual pathways during early phases of injury, but more recent therapies such as ...
0
200,191
Deciphering the role of radical precursors during the Second Texas Air Quality Study
Olaguer, EP; Rappengluck, B; Lefer, B; Stutz, J; Dibb, J; Griffin, R; Brune, WH; Shauck, M; Buhr, M; Jeffries, H; Vizuete, W; Pinto, JP
2,009
The Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) funded significant components of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II), including the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP) and instrumented flights by a Piper Aztec aircraft. These experiments called attention to the role of short-lived ra...
1
190,292
Ambient exposure to criteria air pollutants and risk of death from bladder cancer in Taiwan
Liu, CC; Tsai, SS; Chiu, HF; Wu, TN; Chen, CC; Yang, CY
2,009
To investigate the relationship between air pollution and risk of death from bladder cancer, the authors conducted a matched case-control study using deaths that occurred in Taiwan from 1995 through 2005. Data on all eligible bladder cancer deaths were obtained from the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Taiwan Provinci...
0
595,956
Lolium multiflorum density responses under ozone and herbicide stress
Martinez-Ghersa, MA; Radosevich, SR
2,009
Adaptations to overcrowding of individual plants result in density dependant control of growth and development. There is little information on how anthropogenic stresses modify these responses. We investigated whether combinations of diclofop-methyl herbicide and tropospheric ozone alter the pattern of expected growth ...
0
190,249
Air pollution and hospital admissions for pneumonia in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
Chiu, HF; Cheng, MH; Yang, CY
2,009
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions for pneumonia in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for pneumonia and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period from 1996-2004. The relative risk of hospital admission w...
1
191,914
Autonomic effects of controlled fine particulate exposure in young healthy adults: Effect modification by ozone
Fakhri, AA; Ilic, LM; Wellenius, GA; Urch, B; Silverman, F; Gold, DR; Mittleman, MA
2,009
Background: Human controlled exposure studies have assessed the impact of ambient fine particulate matter on cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability (HRV), but whether these effects are modified by concomitant ozone exposure remains unknown. Objective: To assess the impact of ozone and particulate...
1
461,694
Potential for atmospheric-driven lead paint degradation in the South Coast Air Basin of California
Cohan, AJ; Edwards, RD; Kleinman, MT; Dabdub, D
2,009
Exposure to lead in paint or lead residues in house dust and soil is one of the leading environmental risks to the health of children in the United States. Components of photochemical smog can increase the degradation of binders in lead paint, leading to increased release of lead pigment granules to hands in surface co...
0
670,385
Ozone exposure-based growth response models for trembling aspen and white birch
Percy, KE; Nosal, M; Heilman, W; Sober, J; Dann, T; Karnosky, DF
2,009
We developed free-air exposure regression-based models comprising annual growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average ozone (O3) concentration, growing degree days (GDD), and average wind speed (WS). The models include 95% confidence bands for determining uncertainty of prediction. The models are statistically ...
0
455,870
Long-Lasting Molecular Changes in Human Skin after Repetitive In Situ UV Irradiation
Brenner, M; Coelho, SG; Beer, JZ; Miller, SA; Wolber, R; Smuda, C; Hearing, VJ
2,009
It is known that UV modulates the expression of paracrine factors that regulate melanocyte function in the skin. We investigated the consequences of repetitive UV exposure of human skin in biopsies of 10 subjects with phototypes 2-3.5 taken 1-4 years later. The expression of melanogenic factors (TYR, MART1, MITF), grow...
0
779,872
Lakes as sentinels and integrators for the effects of climate change on watersheds, airsheds, and landscapes
Schindler, DW
2,009
Lakes provide unique sentinels and integrators of events in their catchments and airsheds and in the total landscapes in which they are embedded. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological properties of lakes are amenable to simple, precise, and inexpensive long-term monitoring. Changes to watersheds caused by cli...
0
191,717
Volatile organic compounds from Italian vegetation and their interaction with ozone
Calfapietra, C; Fares, S; Lofeto, F
2,009
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from vegetation (particularly isoprenoids) represent an important source of atmospheric hydrocarbons almost double the anthropogenic source. When biogenic VOC mix with NOx in the presence of UV radiation, ozone (O-3) is formed. In Italy, optimal conditions for O-3 formation in ...
0
596,170
Use of ethylene diurea (EDU) in assessing the impact of ozone on growth and productivity of five cultivars of Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Singh, S; Agrawal, SB
2,009
Increase in concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O-3) is one of the main factors affecting world agriculture production. Tropical countries including India are at greater risk due to their meteorological conditions (high solar radiation and temperature) being conducive to the formation of O-3. The most effective anti-...
0
651,898
UVB radiation induces persistent activation of ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation pathways
Tsai, ML; Chang, KY; Chiang, CS; Shu, WY; Weng, TC; Chen, CR; Huang, CL; Lin, HK; Hsu, IC
2,009
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has strong biological effects and modulates the expression of many genes. The major biological pathways affected by UVB radiation remain controversial. In this work, we used a loop-design microarray approach and applied rigorous statistical analyses to identify differentially regulated gen...
0
201,551
Pulmonary responses to subacute ozone exposure in obese vs. lean mice
Shore, SA; Lang, JE; Kasahara, DI; Lu, FL; Verbout, NG; Si, H; Williams, ES; Terry, RD; Lee, A; Johnston, RA
2,009
The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity affects pulmonary responses following a 3-day ozone exposure. Obese db/db and lean wild-type mice were exposed to ozone (0.3 ppm) for 72 h. In wild-type mice, ozone exposure caused pulmonary injury and inflammation, and these events were associated with reduced...
1
191,232
Assessing current and future ozone-induced yield reductions for rice and winter wheat in Chongqing and the Yangtze River Delta of China
Liu, F; Wang, XK; Zhu, YG
2,009
Dose-response functions from China were employed to assess ozone (O-3)-induced relative yield loss (RYL) for rice and winter wheat in Chongqing and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in 1990-2020, based on monitored and simulated O-3 exposures. It shows that RYL for rice in Chongqing from 1990 to 1995 was 1.1-5.8% and would...
0
195,721
Air pollution during pregnancy and lung function in newborns: A birth cohort study
Latzin, P; Roosli, M; Huss, A; Kuehni, CE; Frey, U
2,009
Post-natal exposure to air pollution is associated with diminished lung growth during school age. The current authors aimed to determine whether pre-natal exposure to air pollution is associated with lung function changes in the newborn. In a prospective birth cohort of 241 healthy term-born neonates, tidal breathing...
1
196,715
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) P1, GSTM1, exercise, ozone and asthma incidence in school children
Islam, T; Berhane, K; Mcconnell, R; Gauderman, WJ; Avol, E; Peters, JM; Gilliland, FD
2,009
BACKGROUND: Because asthma has been associated with exercise and ozone exposure, an association likely mediated by oxidative stress, we hypothesised that glutathione-S-transferase (GST)P1, GSTM1, exercise and ozone exposure have interrelated effects on the pathogenesis of asthma. METHODS: Associations of the well chara...
1
596,189
Species-specific responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone mediate changes in soil carbon
Talhelm, AF; Pregitzer, KS; Zak, DR
2,009
We repeatedly sampled the surface mineral soil (0-20 cm depth) in three northern temperate forest communities over an 11-year experimental fumigation to understand the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or elevated phyto-toxic ozone (O-3) on soil carbon (C). After 11 years, there was no significant main effec...
1
191,449
The impact of atmospheric composition on plants: a case study of ozone and poplar
Renaut, J; Bohler, S; Hausman, JF; Hoffmann, L; Sergeant, K; Ahsan, N; Jolivet, Y; Dizengremel, P
2,009
Tropospheric ozone is the main atmospheric pollutant that causes damages to trees. The estimation of the threshold for ozone risk assessment depends on the evaluation of the means that this pollutant impacts the plant and, especially, the foliar organs. The available results show that, before any visible symptom appear...
0
200,760
[RETRACTED] Maternal exposure to particulate matter increases postnatal ozone-induced airway hyperreactivity in juvenile mice
Auten, RL; Potts, EN; Mason, SN; Fischer, B; Huang, Y; Foster, WM
2,009
Rationale: Epidemiologic studies implicate air pollutant exposure during pregnancy as a risk factor for wheezing in offspring. Ozone exposure is linked to exacerbations of wheezing in children. Objectives: Determine if maternal pulmonary exposure to traffic-related particles during pregnancy augments ozone-induced airw...
1
694,522
Intercontinental Impacts of Ozone Pollution on Human Mortality
Anenberg, SC; West, JJ; Fiore, AM; Jaffe, DA; Prather, MJ; Bergmann, D; Cuvelier, K; Dentener, FJ; Duncan, BN; Gauss, M; Hess, P; Jonson, JE; Lupu, A; Mackenzie, IA; Marmer, E; Park, RJ; Sanderson, MG; Schultz, M; Shindell, DT; Szopa, S; Vivanco, MG; Wild, O; Zang, G
2,009
Ozone exposure is associated with negative health impacts, including premature mortality. Observations and modeling studies demonstrate that emissions from one continent influence ozone air quality over other continents. We estimate the premature mortalities avoided from surface ozone decreases obtained via combined 20...
0
102,159
Effects of the Nordic photoperiod on ozone sensitivity and repair in different clover species studied using infrared imaging
Futsaether, CM; Vollsnes, AV; Kruse, OMO; Otterholt, E; Kvaal, K; Eriksen, AB
2,009
Plants in Nordic regions can be more ozone sensitive at a given ozone concentration than plants at lower latitudes. A recent study shows that the Nordic summer photoperiod, particularly the dim nighttime light, can increase visible foliar injury and alter leaf transpiration in subterranean clover. Effects of photoperio...
0
524,876
Atmospheric Heterogeneous Stereochemistry
Stokes, GY; Chen, EH; Buchbinder, AM; Paxton, WF; Keeley, A; Geiger, FM
2,009
While many biogenic and anthropogenic organic constituents in the atmosphere are surface-active and chiral, the role of stereochemistry in heterogeneous oxidation chemistry in the atmosphere has not yet been evaluated. Here, we present nonlinear vibrational surface spectra of fused silica substrates functionalized with...
0