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43,682
Old lessons and new contexts in economic-ecological modeling
Russell, CS
1,993
null
0
38,513
Peer-review workshops on the health effects of ozone and related photochemical oxidants: Notice of public meeting
null
1,993
null
0
42,988
Evidence for photochemical formation of H2O2 and oxidation of SO2 in authentic fog water
Zuo, Y; Hoigne, J
1,993
When samples of rain and fog water were exposed to ultraviolet and visible light, reactive transients such as hydrogen peroxide were formed and dissolved organic matter and sulfur dioxide were depleted. These results, in conjunction with those from previous studies, imply that dissolved organic compounds and transition...
0
43,215
Use of TREGRO to simulate the effects of ozone on the growth of red spruce seedlings
Laurence, JA; Kohut, RJ; Amundson, RG
1,993
null
0
52,294
A receptor-oriented methodology for determining source regions of particulate sulfate observed at Dorset, Ontario
Cheng, MD; Hopke, PK; Zeng, Y
1,993
A statistical receptor-oriented model was developed for long-range transport of atmospheric sulfate to Dorset (elevation 320 m, latitude 4513'26" N and longitude of 7855'52" W), Ontario. This model computes the potential for sources within 1 latitude by 1 longitude grid cells across North America that contribute to th...
0
28,669
Indoor air pollution by organic emissions from textile floor coverings. Climate chamber studies under dynamic conditions
Sollinger, S; Levsen, K; Wuensch, G
1,993
The time dependence of the emission of organic compounds from a polyamide floor covering with styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) backing was studied in three climate chambers (0.03, 1.0 and 38 m3) at 23 degrees C and 45% RH. While volatile compounds such as toluene reach a maximum concentration in the gas phase within 1 h ...
0
44,113
Regional interim emission inventories (1987-1991), Vol II: Emission summaries
null
1,993
null
0
43,150
Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and exacerbations of asthma in children
Chilmonczyk, BA; Salmun, LM; Megathlin, KN; Neveux, LM; Palomaki, GE; Knight, GJ; Pulkkinen, AJ; Haddow, JE
1,993
null
0
43,364
Ambient levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Atlanta, Georgia
Grosjean, E; Williams EL, II; Grosjean, D
1,993
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Ambient levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde have been measured at four locations in the Atlanta, Georgia (USA), area during July and August 1992. Location-averaged concentrations were 2.7-3.0 ppb for formaldehyde and 2.6-3.2 ppb for acetaldehyde (2 hr - samples). The highest concentrat...
0
43,691
Nonmarket valuation of environmental resources: an interpretive appraisal
Smith, VK
1,993
null
0
45,857
Composition and temperature dependence of the deliquescence properties of hygroscopic aerosols
Tang, IN; Munkelwitz, HR
1,993
Thermodynamic considerations are given to the hygroscopicity of inorganic salts comprising most of the ambient aerosols. Equations are derived expressing the deliquescence humidity as a function of composition and temperature for either single-salt or multicomponent aerosols. Experimental results obtained with charged ...
0
81,559
Development and evaluation of a glass honeycomb denuder/filter pack system to collect atmospheric gases and particles
Koutrakis, P; Sioutas, C; Ferguson, ST; Wolfson, JM; Mulik, JD; Burton, RM
1,993
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Currently available annular denuder/filter pack technology has been extremely useful for atmospheric studies but has a relatively high cost for both instrumentation and operation. We have developed an alternative system which maintains and improves operational features while being...
0
43,376
Effects of ozone and carbon dioxide mixtures on two clones of white clover
Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; SherrillDE; Rawlings, JO
1,993
The effects of mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and physiology of an O3-sensitive (NC-S) and an O3-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were determined. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse with O3 treatments of 5 and 82 nl l -1 (ppb) for 6 h d -1 and CO2 treatments of 380 ...
0
43,904
Susceptibility to ozone-induced inflammation II Separate loci control responses to acute and subacute exposures
Kleeberger, SR; Levitt, RC; Zhang, LY
1,993
We demonstrated previously that inbred strains of mice are differentially susceptible to acute (3 h) and subacute (48 h) exposures to 2 parts per million (ppm) ozone (O3) and 0.30 ppm O3, respectively. Genetic studies with O3-resistant C3H/HeJ and O3-susceptible C57BL/6J strains have indicated that susceptibility to ea...
0
44,211
Design and analysis of studies of the health effects of ozone
Munoz, A
1,993
null
0
39,066
Ozone in the United Kingdom 1993: Third report of the United Kingdom Photochemical Oxidants Review Group
null
1,993
null
0
38,740
The total reactive oxidized nitrogen levels and the partitioning between the individual species at six rural sites in eastern North America
Parrish, DD; Buhr, MP; Trainer, M; Norton, RB; Shimshock, JP; Fehsenfeld, FC; Anlauf, KG; Bottenheim, JW; Tang, YZ; Wiebe, HA; Roberts, JM; Tanner, RL; Newman, L; Bowersox, VC; Olszyna, KJ; Bailey, EM; Rodgers, MO; Wang, T; Berresheim, H; Roychowdhury, UK; Demerjian, KL
1,993
null
0
28,766
Emissions from wallcoverings: Test procedures and preliminary results
Salthammer, T; Schriever, E; Marutzky, R
1,993
More than 200 wallcoverings of different kind were analyzed on emissions of formaldehyde, vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and the heavy metals As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, and Se. The formaldehyde emission was measured by a modified WKI?flask method. To determine indoor air concentrations, the obtained material parameters ...
0
57,535
Ocular effects of radiant energy
Pitts, DG
1,993
null
0
47,671
Empirical studies of tropospheric transmission in the ultraviolet: roadband measurements
Frederick, JE; Koob, AE; Weatherhead, EC
1,993
This work examines the effects of absorption and scattering in the troposphere on solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground. A site was established in the city of Chicago for monitoring broadband ultraviolet irradiance, total sunlight, and the ground-level mixing ratios of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The radiatio...
0
43,064
The role of nitrogen oxides in oxidant production as predicted by the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM)
Middleton, P; Chang, JS; Beauharnois, M; Hash, L; Binkowski, FS
1,993
Regional oxidant distributions produced under various atmospheric conditions and emission scenarios are investigated using the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM), RADM is a complex, evolving three-dimensional Eulerian model that describes the chemistry, transport and deposition of tropospheric trace species includin...
0
44,208
Hydrogen peroxide induces DNA single strand breaks in respiratory epithelial cells
McDonald, RJ; Pan, LC; St George, JA; Hyde, DM; Ducore, JM
1,993
null
0
83,869
Wirkung von ozon in der luft mikroorganismen [Effect of ozone on airborne microorganisms]
Heindl, TH; Streib, R; Botzenhart, K
1,993
null
0
55,183
Skin cancer and UV radiation
Madronich, S; De Gruijl, F
1,993
null
0
44,130
Comparison of H2O2 and O3 content in atmospheric samples in the San Bernardino mountains, southern California
Sakugawa, H; Kaplan, IR
1,993
Concentrations of atmospheric H2O2 Were measured in air, rain, cloud and dew samples in forested areas of the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California, from spring through fall of 1987-1990. O3 measurements in air were also conducted for comparison. Typical ranges of H2O2 concentrations measured were 1-3 ppb in ai...
0
43,265
Hydrocarbon compositions in Los Angeles and New York 20 years later
Lonneman, WA; Seila, RL
1,993
null
0
44,112
Regional interim emission inventories (1987-1991), Volume I: development methodologies
null
1,993
null
0
55,473
Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life
Barker, DJP; Gluckman, PD; Godfrey, KM; Harding, JE; Owens, JA; Robinson, JS
1,993
Babies who are small at birth or during infancy have increased rates of cardiovascular disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes as adults. Some of these babies have low birthweights, some are small in relation to the size of their placentas, some are thin at birth, and some are short at birth and fail to gain weight ...
0
677,201
Ground-level ozone in Montreal, Canada
Mckendry, IG
1,993
Analysis of hourly O3 and NOx data for nine stations for the period 1984?1990 indicates that urban Montreal forms a net sink for O3 in a regional regime characterized by the long-range transport of O3 and its precursors northeastward along the Windsor-Quebec corridor. At central city sites and those adjacent to major t...
0
78,904
Forest health assessment for the Northeastern Area, 1993
Twardus, D; Miller-Weeks, M; Gillespie, A
1,993
null
0
44,084
Instrumentation to meet requirements for measurement of ozone precursor hydrocarbons in the USA
McClenny, WA
1,993
In the United States, a legal requirement to establish monitoring stations for ozone precursors in ozone nonattainment areas went into effect on 12 February 1993. The minimum monitoring requirements for speciated hydrocarbons involve 3-hour sampling intervals sustained over time periods of up to three months. The spe...
0
35,491
The role of atmospheric aerosol composition in climate change
Su, W; Wang, S
1,993
The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols has been investigated. Contributions of sulfate and soot in aerosols to the atmospheric extinction are studied. Discussions are made on the problems of aerosol emitted from volcano, forest fires in northern China, 1987 and oil field fires in Kuwait, 1991. It is indicated...
0
52,993
Dynamics of growth and biomass partitioning in field-grown bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L), treated with the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU)
Kostka-Rick, R; Manning, WJ
1,993
The anti-ozonant ethylenediurea (EDU) approach was used to assess the effects of ambient ozone (O3) air pollution on development, growth and biomass partitioning in bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar `BBL 290') during five staggered plantings in 1989 and 1990. The (EDU) was applied as a soil drench twice during ...
0
43,977
National ambient air quality standards for ozone - Final decision
null
1,993
null
0
29,014
Changes in susceptibility of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea by pre-inoculative ozone exposures
Tonneijck, AEG; Leone, G
1,993
The effects of ozone on the susceptibility of leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris to Sclerotinia scierotiorum and Botrytis cinerea have been investigated. Seedlings of one ozone-sensitive ('Pros') and five relatively ozone-insensitive cultivars ('Gamin', 'Precores', 'Groffy', 'Narda', 'Berna') were exposed to different ozone ...
0
76,745
Ecology and our endangered life-support systems
Odum, EP
1,993
null
0
48,293
Upper tropospheric ozone production following mesoscale convection during STEP/EMEX
Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Tao, WK; Kucsera, TL
1,993
Aircraft data from the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) and the Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment (EMEX) flights conducted on February 2, 1987, off northern Australia are used in cumulus cloud and photochemical models to determine the effects of convection on upper tropospheric O3 production. Ozone produc...
0
69,956
Influences of ozone depletion on human and animal health
Van der Leun, JC; De Gruijl, FR
1,993
null
0
53,183
Issues and concerns about global atmospheric ozone
Wuebbles, DJ; Kinnison, DE
1,993
The ozone in the global troposphere and stratosphere plays several important roles in affecting humanity and other living organisms on Earth. Ozone is important as an absorber of solar ultraviolet radiation, preventing biologically harmful levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from reaching the Earth's surface. Ozone is...
0
78,427
Tropical ozone loss following the eruption of Mt Pinatubo
Schoeberl, MR; Bhartia, PK; Hilsenrath, E; Torres, O
1,993
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) measurements of equatorial total ozone following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo show a decrease of up to 6% over climatology. Ozone losses begin approximately a month following the eruption, consistent with the time required for the SO2 to convert to sulfuric acid aerosol. The thic...
0
29,104
Understanding photosynthetic adaptation to changing climate
Lawlor, DW; Keys, AJ
1,993
Photosynthesis, and its response and adaptation to climate change, are important because the carbon economy of plants is a major link between the atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere. The atmospheric carbon dioxide pool is small and rapidly exchanges with other carbon pools, including those of the biosphere because of t...
0
43,415
Ambient levels of the peroxyacyl nitrates PAN, PPN, and MPAN in Atlanta, Georgia
Williams EL, II; Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D
1,993
null
0
47,628
In situ evidence of rapid, vertical, irreversible transport of lower tropospheric air into the lower tropical stratosphere by convective cloud turrets and by larger-scale upwelling in tropical cyclones
Danielsen, EF
1,993
SUMMARY The STEP tropical objectives were successfully met during the flight experiments conducted from Darwin, Australia, January 16 to February 16, 1987. Necessary and sufficient measurements were made in, above, and downwind from very cold cirrus clouds, produced by three convective cloud types, to demonstrate ir...
0
88,466
A proposal for the classification of toxic substances within the framework of life cycle assessment of products
Guinee, J; Heijungs, R
1,993
Quantitative life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method allocating the environmental impacts of the whole life cycle of a product to the functioning of that product. The scientific basis of the method is still being elaborated. In this paper a proposal is made to improve the scientific basis of one specific step of the me...
0
80,033
Forbidden lead leaves lasting legacy
Zimmer, J
1,993
null
0
2,605
A different view of ozone formation: Fuel reformulation alone may not reduce urban ozone
Jeffries, HE
1,993
null
0
91,756
Review of possible paths for abiotic methylation of mercury(II) in the aquatic environment
Weber, JH
1,993
High concentrations of methylmercury in freshwater and marine fish lends an urgency to the problem of how inorganic mercury, the predominant pollutant, is converted to methylmercury in the aquatic environment. Numerous experiments by microbiologists suggest that biotic sediments are major sites for methylation of inorg...
0
43,561
Analysis of ozone concentration - biomass response relationships among open-pollinated families of loblolly pine
Shafer, SR; Reinert, RA; Eason, G; Spruill, SE
1,993
Tropospheric ozone may contribute to the reported growth decline of pines in the southeastern United States. Ozone concentration - response relationships were quantified for open-pollinated families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Seedlings from 30 families were exposed to ozone (0, 80, 160, 240, or 320 nL...
0
38,196
Ozone-enhanced pulmonary infection with Streptococcus zooepidemicus in mice
Gilmour, MI; Park, P; Selgrade, MK
1,993
Ozone exposure has been shown to increase the susceptibility of mice to pulmonary bacterial infection. We report here the differences in susceptibility of two strains of mice (C3H/HeJ and C57Bl/6) to pulmonary challenge with Streptococcus zooepidemicus, and demonstrate an association between O3 exposure, reduced alveol...
0
83,559
Effects of chronic additions on nitrogen cycling in a high-elevation spruce-fir stand
McNulty, SG; Aber, JD
1,993
Une experience de fertilisation a faible dose (15-31 kg N-ha-1-an-1) a ete conduite sur une periode de 3 ans dans un peuplement d'epinette-sapin de haute altitude, au Mont Ascutney dans l'etat [Etat] du Vermont. Peu de temps apres fertilisation, de fortes concentrations (?900 ppm) de N-NH4 et N-NO3 ont ete retrouvees d...
0
43,392
Changes in diurnal patterns related to changes in ozone levels
Lefohn, AS; Foley, JK; Shadwick, DS; Tilton, BE
1,993
Ozone is an ubiquitous air pollutant that affects both human health and vegetation. There is concern about the number of hours human populations in nonattainment areas in the United States are exposed to levels of O3 at which effects have been observed. As improvement in air quality is achieved, it is possible that O3...
0
35,659
Airway inflammatory effect of hydrogen peroxide in guinea pigs
Misawa, M; Arai, H
1,993
Reactive oxygens are now considered to be important substances in promoting inflammatory process. Recently, airway inflammation has attracted attention closely linked to bronchial asthma. The present study was undertaken to examine whether hydrogen peroxide, one of the reactive oxygens, could produce airway inflammatio...
0
202,808
Measurement of ambient ozone using a nitrite-coated filter
Koutrakis, P; Wolfson, JM; Bunyaviroch, A; Froehlich, SE; Hirano, K; Mulik, JD
1,993
Standard ozone monitoring techniques utilize large, heavy, and expensive instruments that are not easily adapted for personal or microenvironmental monitoring. For large-scale monitoring projects, where spatial variations of a pollutant and human exposure assessments are of interest, passive sampling devices can provid...
1
89,665
An air quality data analysis system for interrelating effects, standards, and needed source reductions: Part 12. Effects on man, animals, and plants as a function of air pollutant impact
Larsen, RI; Mcdonnell, WF; Coffin, DL; Heck, WW
1,993
The impact-effect mathematical model, developed in 1991, improves on a previous mathematical model, and was developed to predict biological response as a function of air pollutant impact. Impact is defined here as exposure duration multiplied by air pollutant concentration raised to an exponent (t.cd). This paper's pur...
0
42,809
Health effects of tropospheric ozone: review of recent research findings and their implications to ambient air quality standards
Lippmann, M
1,993
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator proposed (on August 3, 1992) to retain the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone (O3) On the basis of data assembled in a draft Criteria Document (1986) and its Addendum (1988) which, together with a draft Staff Paper (1988), receive...
0
43,451
Simulation of summertime ozone over North America
Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA; Yevich, RM; Gardner, GM; Spivakovsky, CM; Wofsy, SC; Munger, JW; Sillman, S; Prather, MJ; Rodgers, MO; Westberg, H; Zimmerman, PR
1,993
The concentrations of O3 and its precursors over North America are simulated for three summer months with a three-dimensional, continental-scale photochemical model using meteorological input from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM). The model has 4-degreesx5-degrees grid reso...
0
77,168
Exposure to ozone alters regional function and particle dosimetry in the human lung
Foster, WM; Silver, JA; Groth, ML
1,993
Effects of experimental exposure to O3 (0.33 ppm) or filtered air on regional lung function were assessed in nine healthy male subjects. Immediately after 2-h chamber exposures, regional ventilation and particle dosimetry were measured by gamma camera imaging. The vertical distributions of a radiolabeled gas (133Xe) an...
1
38,875
Meteorological and air quality characterization of the 1987 southern California air quality study
Zeldin, MD
1,993
null
0
77,548
Airway epithelial cells and mediators of inflammation
Devalia, JL; Davies, RJ
1,993
null
0
44,192
Ozone- and endotoxin-induced mucous cell metaplasias in rat airway epithelium: novel animal models to study toxicant-induced epithelial transformation in airways
Harkema, JR; Hotchkiss, JA
1,993
Mucous (goblet) cell proliferation and hypersecretion of airway mucus are important characteristics of human respiratory disorders, especially chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. These changes in secretory patterns also occur in animals experimentally exposed to chemical irritants such as ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide...
0
43,902
Effects of ozone and neutrophils on function and morphology of the isolated rat lung
Joad, JP; Bric, JM; Pino, MV; Hyde, DM; McDonald, RJ
1,993
null
0
41,213
Regional respiratory tract absorption of inhaled reactive gases
Miller, FJ; Overton, JH; Kimbell, JS; Russell, ML
1,993
null
0
44,057
Atmospheric chemistry of tropospheric ozone formation: scientific and regulatory implications
Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Pitts, JN, Jr
1,993
Tropospheric ozone continues to be of significant concern worldwide due to its effect on human health, forest ecosystems and agricultural crops. Its levels have also increased globally over the last century. Photolysis of ozone (O3) is the major source of the hydroxyl(OH) radical in the remote troposphere, so that an...
0
44,466
Air pollution and daily mortality in Birmingham, Alabama
Schwartz, J
1,993
Several recent studies have reported associations between common levels of particulate air pollution and small increases in daily mortality. This study examined whether a similar association could be found in the southern United States, with different weather patterns than the previous studies, and examined the sensiti...
0
43,944
A receptor modeling approach to VOC emission inventory validation in five US cities
Kenski, DM; Wadden, RA; Scheff, PA; Lonneman, WA
1,993
null
0
44,471
Particulate air pollution and health: new evidence on an old problem
Utell, MJ; Samet, JM
1,993
#1st PARAGRAPH: Combustion of fossil fuels releases a complex mixture of pollutants into the air that includes particles and the gaseous sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides; secondary pollutants that are generated by chemical reactions include photochemical oxidants, which are indexed by ozone concentration, and acidic a...
0
51,774
Effects of aerosol-applied capsaicin, histamine and prostaglandin-E2 on airway sensory receptors of anaesthetized cats
Mohammed, SP; Higenbottam, TW; Adcock, JJ
1,993
null
0
44,085
Continuous monitoring of VOC precursors
Purdue, LJ
1,993
null
0
43,920
Reliability of hospital data for population-based studies of air pollution
Delfino, RJ; Becklake, MR; Hanley, JA
1,993
null
0
47,575
Transport and residence times of tropospheric aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of 210Pb
Balkanski, YJ; Jacob, DJ; Gardener, GM; Graustein, WC; Turekian, KK
1,993
SUMMARY A global three-dimensional model is used to investigate the transport and tropospheric residence time of 210Pb an aerosol tracer produced in the atmosphere by radioactive decay of 222Rn emitted from soils. The model uses meteorological input with 4?x5? horizontal resolution and 4-hour temporal resolution from...
0
44,530
Effects of exposure to sulfuric acid-aerosol on airway responsiveness in guinea pigs: concentration and time dependency
Kobayashi, T; Shinozaki, Y
1,993
We investigated the concentration and time dependency of the effects of exposure to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosol on airway responsiveness. Two hundred and sixteen male Hartley guinea pigs were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups (n = 72/group), with 1 group being exposed to filtered air and the other 2 to 1.0...
0
77,086
Measurement of breathing rate and volume in routinely performed daily activities [final report]
Adams, WC
1,993
California Environmental Protection Agency. In order to evaluate more precisely the potential health risks from air pollution, it is critically important to have accurate estimates of the volume of air breathed (VE) by exposed populations. There is a substantial amount of characteristic VE data available in the literat...
0
39,203
Contribution of vagal afferents to respiratory reflexes evoked by acute inhalation of ozone in dogs
Schelegle, ES; Carl, ML; Coleridge, HM; Coleridge, JCG; Green, JF
1,993
Acute inhalation of ozone induces vagally mediated rapid shallow breathing and bronchoconstriction. In spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs, we attempted to determine whether afferent vagal C-fibers in the lower airways contributed to these responses. Dogs inhaled 3 ppm ozone for 40-70 min into the lower trachea w...
1
76,974
Effects of fuel sulfur content on predicted ozone for years 2005-2010--Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program
Schleyer, CH; Dunker, AM; Yarwood, G; Cohen, JP; Pollack, AK
1,993
null
0
38,695
Acute inhalation of ozone stimulates bronchial C-fibers and rapidly adapting receptors in dogs
Coleridge, JCG; Coleridge, HM; Schelegle, ES; Green, JF
1,993
To identify the afferents responsible for initiating the vagally mediated respiratory changes evoked by acute exposure to ozone, we recorded vagal impulses in anesthetized, open-chest, artificially ventilated dogs and examined the pulmonary afferent response to ozone (2-3 ppm in air) delivered to the lower trachea for ...
1
188,184
Growth responses of young cuttings of Populus deltoides? nigra to ozone in controlled environments
Tenga, A; Hale, B; Ormrod, D
1,993
Controlled-environment facilities were used to determine the growth response of hybrid poplar using concentrations and exposure frequencies of ozone (O3) that mimic ambient patterns. Young cuttings of Populus deltoides x nigra were exposed to daily bell-shaped concentration profiles of O3 with four peak concentrations ...
0
734,041
Recycling of surfactant lipid and apoprotein-A studied by electron microscopic autoradiography
Young, SL; Fram, EK; Larson, E; Wright, JR
1,993
Recycling of lipid and apoprotein components by lung epithelium appears to be a key part of the metabolism of surfactant, but many details of this process are poorly understood, including its efficiency and which intracellular pathways participate. We chose electron microscopic autoradiography to track time-dependent c...
0
81,175
Association of severe asthma attacks with weather, pollen, and air pollutants
Rossi, OVJ; Kinnula, VL; Tienari, J; Huhti, E
1,993
Foundation for the Study of Allergy, Finland; Finnish Antituberculosis Association. BACKGROUND: The association between exacerbations of asthma and weather or air pollution is not well understood. The relationships between visits to the emergency room for asthma attacks and the meteorological, aerobiological, and chemi...
0
43,200
Formaldehyde-induced airway hyperreactivity in vivo and ex vivo in guinea pigs
Swiecichowski, AL; Long, KJ; Miller, ML; Leikauf, GD
1,993
Human exposure to formaldehyde is extensive, in both the indoor and the outdoor environment. The airways are clearly an important site of action of formaldehyde. Although many previous studies have examined the effect of formaldehyde in the upper respiratory tract, it remains controversial whether this compound can aff...
0
47,682
Wplyw zlozonego srodowiska pracy zawierajacego mangan na czynnosc tarczycy [The effect of occupational environment containing manganese on thyroid function]
Misiewicz, A; Radwan, K; Karmolinski, M; Dziewit, T; Matysek, A
1,993
null
0
43,188
Air pollution and respiratory morbidity among adults in Southern California
Ostro, BD; Lipsett, MJ; Mann, JK; Krupnick, A; Harrington, W
1,993
This paper reports the results of an investigation of the acute effects of air pollution in 321 nonsmoking adults residing in Southern California. Previous epidemiologic investigations of effects of acute exposure to ozone have focused on groups who may not be representative of the general public, such as asthmatics or...
0
57,118
Ozone inhalation stimulates expression of a neutrophil chemotactic protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 2
Driscoll, KE; Simpson, L; Carter, J; Hassenbein, D; Leikauf, GD
1,993
Short-term exposure of humans and animals to ozone results in increased lung neutrophils; however, the mechanisms underlying this response are not completely understood. We examined the potential involvement of the neutrophil chemotactic factor, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), in ozone-induced inflammation. ...
0
39,620
Factors that influence the suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses in mice exposed to ozone
Gilmour, MI; Park, P; Doerfler, D; Selgrade, MK
1,993
Exposure to ozone (O3) has been shown to increase susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection; however, the underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study investigated the effect of O3 exposure on the ability of mice to combat an infectious challenge of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Following a 3-h expo...
0
43,674
Some empirical evidence on embedding effects in contingent valuation of forest protection
Loomis, J; Lockwood, M; DeLacy, T
1,993
We test for an embedding effect on a geographically distributed public good and the extent to which improvements in the CVM design reduce the occurrence and magnitude of embedding effects in valuation. Using both open-ended and dichotomous choice CVM for protection of forests in all of southeastern Australia and two sm...
0
52,859
Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutases
Scandalios, JG
1,993
null
0
38,795
The guard cell-environment connection
Kearns, EV; Assmann, SM
1,993
N/A.
0
77,552
Oxidation of biologic molecules by ozone: The effect of pH
O'Neill, CA; van Der Vliet, A; Hu, ML; Kaur, H; Cross, CE; Louie, S; Halliwell, B
1,993
Ozone (O3) is a powerfully oxidizing pollutant gas. Its toxic effects to animals appear to be worsened by coexposures to acid-generating compounds such as oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. Ozone (16 ppm) oxidizes ascorbic acid and uric acid (two important antioxidants in lung lining fluids) at equal rates at pH 5.0 or pH ...
0
44,191
Asthma related to occupational and ambient air pollutants in nonsmokers
Greer, JR; Abbey, DE; Burchette, RJ
1,993
We attempted to determine the association between occupational and air pollutant exposure with the development of adult asthma through the analysis of a standardized respiratory questionnaire administered to a cohort of 3914 nonsmoking adults in 1977 and again in 1987. Ambient air pollution concentrations were estimate...
1
44,220
Ozone in all its reactive splendor
Pryor, WA
1,993
null
0
50,501
Health effects of urban air pollutants Guideline values and conditions in Sweden
Victorin, K
1,993
The level of sulphur dioxide in cities has declined in many countries, and in Sweden it hardly constitutes a health problem any more. The level of nitrogen dioxide, on the contrary, has not declined, The guideline value for nitrogen dioxide is exceeded in areas with high traffic density, and may be close to the level w...
0
44,206
Effect of air pollution on the prevalence of asthma and allergy: lessons from the German reunification
Magnussen, H; Jorres, R; Nowak, D
1,993
null
0
43,932
Caveats regarding the use of the laboratory rat as a model for acute toxicological studies: modulation of the toxic response via physiological and behavioral mechanisms
Watkinson, WP; Gordon, CJ
1,993
The rodent, specifically the laboratory rat, is the primary experimental animal used in toxicology testing. Despite its popularity, recent studies from our laboratory and others raise a number of questions concerning the rat's appropriateness as an animal model for toxicological studies. While there may be additional a...
0
53,076
Effects of ozone and climate on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growth in the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Peterson, DL; Arbaugh, MJ; Robinson, LJ
1,993
#Long-term radial growth trends of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum) were studied in second-growth stands in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains to determine if there has been any impact from oxidant air pollufion. Although ozone concentrations are relatively high at some locations, visible p...
0
52,844
Regulation of the expression of rbcS and other photosynthetic genes by carbohydrates: a mechanism for the "sink regulation" of photosynthesis?
Krapp, A; Hofmann, B; Schafer, C; Stitt, M
1,993
These experiments were carried out to investigate whether accumulation of carbohydrate leads to decreased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Addition of glucose to autotraphic cell suspension cultures of Chenopodium led to a large and reversible decrease of the steady state transcript levels of rbcS, cab a...
0
78,090
Atmospheric formation and fates of toxic ambient air pollutants
Pitts, JN, Jr
1,993
Concentrations of de novo toxicants in ambient air are typically in the ppb range, compared to ppm for occupational exposures. Despite this, some species such as ozone, alone or in combination with other pollutants, have significant health impacts, especially on populations such as children, the elderly, and asthmatics...
0
21,582
Simulation of the degradation of limestones and dolomitic sandstone under dry deposition conditions
Haneef, SJ; Johnson, JB; Thompson, GE; Wood, GC
1,993
Commission of the European Communities. A laboratory-based exposure rig has been employed to quantify the effects of the dry deposition of individual pollutants (SO2, NO2 and NO), with or without ozone (O3), on the degradation of limestones and dolomitic sandstone. In addition to employing dry stones, wetting of the st...
0
86,326
Variation in antioxidant enzyme activities in anatomic subcompartments within rat and rhesus monkey lung
Duan, X; Buckpitt, AR; Plopper, CG
1,993
Antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferases are thought to be the primary cellular defense against reactive oxygen species. Since pulmonary injury produced by oxidant air pollutants like ozone is highly focal, involving primarily the trachea and c...
1
44,203
Mast cells modulate acute ozone-induced inflammation of the murine lung
Kleeberger, SR; Seiden, JE; Levitt, RC; Zhang, LY
1,993
We hypothesized that mast cells modulate lung inflammation that develops after acute ozone (O3) exposure. Two tests were done: (1) genetically mast-cell-deficient (WBB6F1-W/Wv, WCB6F1-SI/SId) and bone-marrow-transplanted W/Wv mice were exposed to O3 or filtered air, and the inflammatory responses were compared with tho...
1
75,953
Studies on the biological effects of ozone 5 Evaluation of immunological parameters and tolerability in normal volunteers receiving ambulatory autohaemotherapy
Bocci, V; Luzzi, E; Corradeschi, F; Paulesu, L
1,993
null
0
38,275
Ozone-induced airway inflammation in human subjects as determined by airway lavage and biopsy
Aris, RM; Christian, D; Hearne, PQ; Kerr, K; Finkbeiner, WE; Balmes, JR
1,993
Ozone (O3) is a major constituent of urban air pollution. The acute effects of the inhalation of O3 at ambient or near-ambient concentrations on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) end points consistent with a distal lung inflammatory response have been well documented in human subjects. Animal toxicologic studies have shown ...
1