REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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56,406 | Sister-chromatid exchange: second report of the Gene-Tox program | Tucker, JD; Auletta, A; Cimino, MC; Dearfield, KL; Jacobson-Kram, D; Tice, RR; Carrano, AV | 1,993 | This paper reviews the ability of a number of chemicals to induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The SCE data for animal cells in vivo and in vitro, and human cells in vitro are presented in 6 tables according to their relative effectiveness. A seventh table summarizes what is known about the effects of specific ch... | 0 |
43,968 | A long path differential optical absorption spectrometer and EPA-approved fixed-point methods intercomparison | Stevens, RK; Drago, RJ; Mamane, Y | 1,993 | Differential optical absorption spectrometry (DOAS) has been used by a number of investigators over the past 10 years to measure a wide range of gaseous air pollutants. Recently OPSIS AB, Lund, Sweden has developed and made commercially available a DOAS instrument that has a number of features which make the unit attra... | 1 |
43,366 | Update of ozone trends in California's South Coast Air Basin | Davidson, A | 1,993 | null | 1 |
44,173 | The role of ozone exposure in the epidemiology of asthma | Balmes, JR | 1,993 | Asthma is a clinical condition characterized by intermittent respiratory symptoms, nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airway obstruction. Although the pathogenesis of asthma is incompletely understood, it is clear that airway inflammation is a paramount feature of the condition. Because inhalation o... | 0 |
44,186 | Identification of subpopulations that are sensitive to ozone exposure: use of end points currently available and potential use of laboratory-based end points under development | Devlin, RB | 1,993 | A number of epidemiological studies have attempted to assess the effect of recurrent ozone exposure in humans. For the most part, they have failed to document convincingly an association between chronic ozone exposure and differences in lung function performance or respiratory symptoms. This is not surprising given the... | 0 |
664,494 | The atmospheric Ch4 increase since the last glacial maximum | Chappellaz, JA; Fung, IY; Thompson, AM | 1,993 | An estimate of the distribution of wetland area and associated CH, emission is presented for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 18 kyr BP, kiloyear Before Present) and the Pre-Industrial Holocene (PIH, 9000-200 years BP). The wetland source, combined with estimates of the other biogenic sources and sink, yields total sourc... | 0 |
44,048 | Atmosphere x canopy interactions of nitric acid vapor in loblolly-pine grown in open-top chambers | Taylor, GE; Owens, JG; Grizzard, T; Selvidge, WJ | 1,993 | Many studies that address the impact of tropospheric O(3) on agricultural and forested ecosystems utilize the open-top chamber. During the production of O(3) using electrical discharge generators fed with dry air, there is an inadvertent addition of HNO(3) vapor, a highly reactive trace gas. While several studies have... | 0 |
44,141 | Ozone production in urban plumes transported over water: photochemical model and case studies in the northeastern and midwestern United States | Sillman, S; Samson, PJ; Masters, JM | 1,993 | Abnormally high concentrations of O3 have been observed in rural locations on the shore of Lake Michigan and on the Atlantic coast in Maine, at a distance of 300 lan or more from major anthropogenic sources. We hypothesize that this O3 is associated with transport from major urban centers and with the suppression of ve... | 0 |
28,796 | Utility of controlled human exposure studies for assessing the health effects of complex mixtures and indoor air pollutants | Mcdonnell, WF | 1,993 | The study of health effects induced by exposure to mixtures of pollutants is a complex task. The purpose of this paper is to identify areas of research in which the conduct of human controlled exposure (clinical) studies may contribute to better understanding health effects of exposure to indoor air and other mixtures.... | 0 |
44,194 | Effects of ozone exposure during pregnancy on ontogeny of sleep in rats | Haro, R; Paz, C | 1,993 | Few studies regarding the effects of ozone exposure in the central nervous system (CNS), during the early stages of development have been reported. The study of sleep on newborn rats represents a model to understand the effects of this gas on the CNS. We studied the sleep organization in rats whose mothers were exposed... | 1 |
78,519 | Effects of ozone and acid aerosol exposures on surfactant-associated protein A in the lung | Su, WY | 1,993 | null | 0 |
44,177 | Studies on the biological effects of ozone 4 Cytokine production and glutathione levels in human erythrocytes | Bocci, V; Luzzi, E; Corradeschi, F; Paulesu, L; Rossi, R; Cardaioli, E; Di Simplicio, P | 1,993 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. We have investigated the effect of various concentrations of ozone on human blood aiming to correlate the production of cytokines with depletion of reduced glutathione and hemolysis. As erythrocytes constitute the bulk of blood cells and represent the main target of ozone they have been ta... | 0 |
43,027 | Differences in regional ozone responses to precursor reductions as demonstrated in a regional oxidant model | Chu, SH; Cox, WM | 1,993 | null | 0 |
88,902 | Sensitivity of critical load estimates for surface waters to model selection and regionalization schemes | Holdren, GR; Strickland, TC; Shaffer, PW; Ryan, PF; Ringold, PL; Turner, RS | 1,993 | A critical load is the amount of atmospheric pollutant that can be deposited on a sensitive ecosystem without causing measurable, longterm degradation in ecosystem form or function. We compare several methods for making critical load estimates of SO4 deposition to lakes; these methods are among those identified by part... | 0 |
41,640 | Calibration of a counterflow virtual impactor at aerodynamic diameters from 1 to 15 "micro"m | Anderson, TL; Charlson, RJ; Covert, DS | 1,993 | Unlike traditional virtual impactors, which suffer from a fixed level of small particle contamination in the large particle sample stream, the counterflow virtual impactor (CVI; Ogren et al., 1985) offers the potential for contamination-free sampling of large aerosol particles. Here we present the design and calibratio... | 0 |
44,058 | The 1992 demonstration/field study of new designs of automated gas chromatographs in Connecticut and other locations | Holdren, MW; Smith, DL; Pollack, AJ; Pate, AD | 1,993 | null | 0 |
42,354 | Airway responsiveness Standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal | Sterk, PJ; Fabbri, LM; Quanjer, PH; Cockcroft, DW; O'Byrne, PM; Anderson, SD; Juniper, EF; Malo, JL | 1,993 | null | 0 |
30,316 | Effects of ozone exposure and leaf age of wheat on infection processes of Septoria nodorum Berk | Tiedemann, AV; Firsching, KH | 1,993 | The infection process of Septoria nodorum was studied on the flag and second leaves of wheat plants at the flag-leaf emergence growth stage (GS 39), after pre-inoculative fumigation with different doses of ozone (0, 80, 180 or 240 Ag/m3) for 7 h daily over 7 days. On ozone-treated plants, formation of appressoria occur... | 0 |
28,738 | Examination of the emission of (semi-)volatile organic compounds from polymer materials used as interior trim materials in automobiles | Loock, F; Lampe, T; Bahadir, M | 1,993 | Examinations of thermally-conditioned emissions from polymer materials used as interior trim in automobiles are presented. It is shown that a comprehensive description of the emission behaviour of polymer materials in the motor vehicle interior is only possible when the volatile as well as the semi-volatile emission co... | 0 |
32,586 | Production of aldehydes as primary emissions and from secondary atmospheric reactions of alkenes and alkanes during the night and early morning hours | Altshuller, AP | 1,993 | The production of C1?C4 saturated aldehydes has been calculated within the stable boundary layer between 2100 and 0900 h from the reactions of alkenes and alkanes with O3, NO3 and OH radicals. These results are compared with those available on the primary emissions of aldehydes from vehicular exhausts. For current gaso... | 0 |
29,510 | The atmospheric CH4 increase since the last glacial maximum (2) Interactions with oxidants | Thompson, AM; Chappellaz, JA; Fung, IY; Kucsera, TL | 1,993 | Two studies of the effect of changing CH4 fluxes on global tropospheric oxidant levels, O3, OH, H2O2, have been performed with a multi-box photochemical model. (1) A sensitivity study is made by scaling back CH4, CO and NO emissions relative to present-day budgets. When the CH4 ice core record is compared to calculated... | 1 |
42,780 | Attenuation of cellular and biochemical changes in the lungs of humans exposed to ozone for five consecutive days | Devlin, RB; Folinsbee, LJ; Biscardi, F; Becker, S; Madden, M; Robbins, M; Koren, HS | 1,993 | null | 0 |
630,969 | Atmospheric radiative transfer | Lenoble, J | 1,993 | This book presents the basis of atmospheric radiative transfer for graduate students, as well as for scientists or engineers who want to start work in this domain. It supposes that the reader has reached a general college level in mathematics & physics. The first part covers the theory of radiative energy transfer & is... | 1 |
40,696 | Partitioning ozone fluxes to sparse grass and soils and the inferred resistances to dry deposition | Massman, WJ | 1,993 | A two-source (Penman-Monteith type) model, used in a preceding companion study as a diagnostic tool to partition objectively half-hourly measurements of evapotranspiration into bare soil and plant components and to derive in situ estimates of the bulk plant and soil resistances to evaporation, is extended to include oz... | 0 |
44,053 | Effects of nitric acid gas alone or in combination with ozone on healthy volunteers | Aris, R; Christian, D; Tager, I; Ngo, I; Finkbeiner, WE; Balmes, JR | 1,993 | Nitric acid (HNO3) is the most prevalent acid air pollutant in the western United States and has the potential to cause adverse respiratory effects through both acidification and oxidation reactions. To study this potential, we measured physiologic (specific airway resistance, SRaw, FEV1, and FVC) and bronchoalveolar l... | 0 |
44,457 | An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities | Dockery, DW; Pope, CA III; Xu, X; Spengler, JD; Ware, JH; Fay, ME; Ferris, BG, Jr; Speizer, FE | 1,993 | Background: Recent studies have reported associations between particulate air pollution and daily mortality rates. Population-based, cross-sectional studies of metropolitan areas in the United States have also found associations between particulate air pollution and annual mortality rates, but these studies have been c... | 1 |
26,686 | A pluralistic, pragmatic and evolutionary approach to natural resource management | Castle, EN | 1,993 | This paper demonstrates the partial nature of individual academic disciplines with respect to natural resource management. The paper states the requirements of a satisfactory approach to natural resource management. It provides the philosophic justification for pluralism, pragmatism, and evolution in natural resource p... | 0 |
44,052 | The association of air pollution and mortality: examining the case for inference | Ostro, B | 1,993 | An association between air pollution measured as particulate matter, and mortality has been reported in several different locations. These studies have been conducted over a wide range of climates and populations. The time-series studies, which examine the joint occurrence of daily fluctuations in air pollution and mor... | 0 |
38,745 | Factors regulating ozone over the United States and its export to the global atmosphere | Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA; Gardner, GM; Yevich, RM; Spivakovsky, CM; Wofsy, SC; Sillman, S; Prather, MJ | 1,993 | The factors regulating summertime O3 over the United States and its export to the global atmosphere are examined with a 3-month simulation using a continental scale, three-dimensional photochemical model. It is found that reducing NO(x) emissions by 50% from 1985 levels would decrease rural O3 concentrations over the e... | 0 |
75,976 | Immunotoxic and hematotoxic effects of occupational exposures | Lisiewicz, J | 1,993 | The toxic effects of environmental factors at work places on the hematopoietic and immune systems are of basic importance due to the time of exposure, lasting on average 8 hours daily during one week.
--Porphyrinurias and porphyrias have been observed after exposure to hexachlorobenzene, chlorinated dibenzodioxins, p... | 0 |
75,964 | Environmental pollution in South Poland Sources and effects | Godzik, S; Szdzuj, J; Poborski, P | 1,993 | Seven out of twenty-seven areas of ecological hazard are located in South Poland, close to the Silesia-Cracow region. This region is most affected by several factors of both industrial and non-industrial origin. Air pollutants are of prime importance for the whole area. Mining of coal, zinc and lead ores cause a great ... | 0 |
28,697 | Emission of volatile organic compounds from a vinyl floor covering | Clausen, PA; Laursen, B; Wolkoff, P; Rasmusen, E; Nielsen, PA | 1,993 | The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a vinyl floor covering has been evaluated in two small climatic chambers and a microchamber using different air exchange rates and loading factors. The concentration versus time emission curves for cyclohexanone and phenol were decreasing. Evaluation of the emissio... | 0 |
69,222 | Activity patterns in ozone-exposed construction workers | Linn, WS; Spier, CE; Hackney, JD | 1,993 | To estimate air pollution exposures in outdoor workers, and health risks which may result, typical ventilation rates must be known for the most highly exposed members of the population, Construction workers who perform heavy outdoor labor for prolonged periods ale thought to be the most highly exposed common occupation... | 0 |
44,236 | Hypercapnic ventilatory responses in mice differentially susceptible to acute ozone exposure | Tankersley, CG; Fitzgerald, RS; Mitzner, WA; Kleeberger, SR | 1,993 | Susceptibility to ozone (O3)-induced pulmonary inflammation is greater in C57BL/6J (B6) than in C3H/HeJ (C3) strain of mice. We tested the hypothesis that altered ventilatory control occurs in B6 mice to a greater extent than in C3 mice after acute O3 exposure. Age-, sex-, and weight-matched C3 and B6 mice were expose... | 0 |
43,914 | Ozone-induced increases in substance P and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha in the airways of human subjects | Hazbun, ME; Hamilton, R; Holian, A; Eschenbacher, WL | 1,993 | We are interested in the mechanisms of ozone-induced lung effects after short-term exposure and the relationship with subsequent pulmonary inflammation and disease. Our hypothesis is that ozone, as a powerful oxidant, will diminish the activity of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in the airways of humans with resulting incr... | 1 |
43,947 | Volatile organic compound/particulate matter speciation database management system (SPECIATE), version 15 (for microcomputers) | null | 1,993 | null | 0 |
47,341 | The reaction of ozone with MPAN, Ch2=C(CH3)C(o)OONO2 | Grosjean, D; Grosjean, E; Williams, EL | 1,993 | SUMMARY The reaction of ozone with the unsaturated peroxyacyl nitrate MPAN, CH2 = C(CH3)C(O)OONO2, has been studied at ppb levels of MPAN and ozone in the dark and with sufficient cyclohexane added to scavenge the hydroxyl radical. The ozone-MPAN reaction rate constant at ambient temperature (291-297 K) and atmosph... | 0 |
43,915 | Failure of ozone and nitrogen dioxide to enhance lung tumor development in hamsters | Witschi, H; Breider, MA; Schuller, HM | 1,993 | We tested the hypothesis that the two common oxidant air pollutants, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, modulate the development of respiratory tract tumors in Syrian golden hamsters. The animals received subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (20 mg/kg) twice a week while being exposed continuously to a... | 0 |
78,426 | Ozone loss in the lower stratosphere over the United States in 1992-1993: evidence for heterogeneous chemistry on the Pinatubo aerosol | Hofmann, DJ; Oltmans, SJ; Komhyr, WD; Harris, JM; Lathrop, JA; Langford, AO; Deshler, T; Johnson, BJ; Torres, A; Matthews, WA | 1,994 | Ozone profiles obtained at Boulder, Colorado and Wallops Island, Virginia indicate that ozone was about 25% below normal during the winter and spring of 1992-93 in the 12-22 km region. This large ozone reduction in the lower stratosphere, though sometimes partially compensated by higher than normal ozone above 24 km, w... | 0 |
43,928 | Ozone-exposure responses of black cherry and red maple seedlings | Samuelson, LJ | 1,994 | Field foliar injury surveys have been used to identify ozone injury in deciduous tree species growing in forested areas in the southeastern United States. Whether ozone-induced foliar symptoms are indicative of leaf photosynthetic and growth reductions is not well understood. This research tested the hypothesis that oz... | 0 |
41,772 | Interactions between exposure to O3 and nutrient status of trees: effects on nutrient content and uptake, growth, mycorrhiza and needle ultrastructure | Rantanen, L; Palomaki, V; Holopainen, T | 1,994 | The responses of Norway spruce and Scots pine to the effects of increased O3 and Ca or Mg deficiency stress, singly and in combination, for two growing seasons, were investigated in this study. The combination of open-air exposure to O3 concentrations of 1.3-1.6 times higher than ambient, and an inadequate supply of Ca... | 0 |
75,999 | Cytochrome P450 2B1 immunoreactivity in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells after exposure of rats to ozone | Takashashi, Y; Aida, S; Suzuki, E; Ito, Y; Miura, T; Kimula, Y | 1,994 | null | 0 |
52,279 | Vertical distribution of isoprene in the lower boundary layer of the rural and urban southern United States | Andronache, C; Chameides, WL; Rodgers, MO; Martinez, JE; Zimmerman, P; Greenberg, J | 1,994 | An analysis is presented of vertical profiles of isoprene concentration and meteorological parameters measured in the boundary layer (BL) during the daylight hours at a rural site in Alabama and an urban site in Atlanta, Georgia, during the summer of 1990, as part of the Southern Oxidants Study. Of the 37 isoprene prof... | 0 |
46,625 | Parametrization of surface resistance for the quantification of atmospheric deposition of acidifying pollutants and ozone | Erisman, JW; Van Pul, A; Wyers, P | 1,994 | The parametrization of surface exchange of acidifying pollutants and ozone described is based on the resistance analogy, outlining the aerodynamic resistance Ra, the quasi-laminar layer resistance Rb and the surface resistance Rc. These parametrizations are derived for use in regional- and local-scale deposition models... | 0 |
43,737 | Exposure of oats, Avena sativa L, to filtered and unfiltered air in open-top chambers: Effects on grain yield and quality | Pleijel, H; Skarby, L; Ojanpera, K; Sellden, G | 1,994 | Field grown oats, Avena sativa L. cv Vital, were exposed to filtered and unfiltered air from anthesis until harvest in open-top chambers at a site in south-west Sweden. Ambient plots were used to study the influence of the chamber itself. With the exception of the number of grains per panicle, which was significantly h... | 0 |
47,947 | Impact of present aircraft emissions of nitrogen oxides on tropospheric ozone and climate forcing | Hauglustaine, DA; Granier, C; Brasseur, GP; Megie, G | 1,994 | A two-dimensional (2-D) model in which dynamics, radiation and chemistry are treated interactively is used to investigate the seasonal changes in tropospheric ozone due to current nitrogen oxide emissions from aircraft and to assess the associated radiative forcing on the climate system. Our results confirm the high ef... | 0 |
92,024 | Modeling the acid-base chemistry of organic solutes in Adirondack, New York, lakes | Driscoll, CT; Lehtinen, MD; Sullivan, TJ | 1,994 | Data from the large and diverse Adirondack-Lake Survey were used to calibrate four simple organic acid analog models in an effort to quantify the influence of naturally occurring organic acids on lake water pH and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC). The organic acid analog models were calibrated to observations of pH, di... | 0 |
6,333 | Alveolar septal structure in different species | Mercer, RR; Russell, ML; Crapo, JD | 1,994 | Because the retractive forces due to surface tension decrease with increasing radius of curvature, there should be a greater contribution to lung recoil attributable to the stress-bearing role of elastic elements in the lung parenchyma of species with larger alveoli. To examine alterations in lung structure that may re... | 0 |
77,546 | Incidence of respiratory symptoms and chronic disease in a non-smoking population as a function of long-term cumulative exposure to ambient air pollutants (Adventist health study of smog follow-up study) V 2: appendix of papers | Abbey, DE | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,273 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies Part III: Effects on complex carbohydrates of lung connective tissue | Radhakrishnamurthy, B | 1,994 | Glycosaminoglycans are constituents of proteoglycans, which are integral components of lung connective tissue. Glycosaminoglycans not only provide structural support to organs, but also influence extracellular matrix assembly, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. Changes in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans have b... | 0 |
30,128 | Chronic ozone exposure increases the susceptibility of hybrid Populus to disease caused by Septoria musiva | Woodbury, PB; Laurence, JA; Hudler, GW | 1,994 | # Rooted cuttings of hybrid Populus (DN34, Populus deltoides X nigra) were grown outdoors in pots in open-top chambers at Ithaca, NY (74A5? W, 42A5? N), during 1988 and 1989 (Experiment 1) and during 1989 and 1990 (Experiment 2). Ambient air was passed through charcoal filters to produce a 0A5 times ambient ozone treat... | 0 |
46,607 | Atmospheric deposition studies in rural forested areas of the southeastern United States | Allen, ER; Cabrera, N; Kim, JC | 1,994 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Forest Service. Concern for potential environmental effects of wet and dry acidic deposition on forests or eastern North America has been expressed for at least a decade. Most of the attention of scientists was in the form of monitoring networks which focused on the northeaste... | 0 |
41,724 | Effects of short-term ozone exposure and soil water availability on the carbon economy of juvenile Douglas-fir | Gorissen, A; Joosten, NN; Smeulders, SM; Van Veen, JA | 1,994 | Effects of ozone and soil water availability on partitioning and translocation of assimilates were studied in three-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) seedlings exposed, in separate experiments, to 0 and 106 or 0 and 514 Ag m(-3) ozone for 8 h day(-1) for 9 days. The dynamics of carbon from ass... | 0 |
39,067 | Response of Phaseolus vulgaris L to differing ozone regimes having indentical total exposure | Musselman, RC; Younglove, T; Mccool, PM | 1,994 | Protocols were designed to test For differences in response
of plants to ozone treatments having equal total exposure (concentration x time) but different
exposure profiles. Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. California Dark Red) were exposed to
ozone in controlled fumigation chambers within a greenhouse. F... | 0 |
26,666 | Analysis of aspen foliage exposed to multiple stresses: ozone, nitrogen deficiency and drought | Greitner, CS; Pell, EJ; Winner, WE | 1,994 | Two field experiments were conducted to examine the impact of a foliar stress (ozone, O3), alone or in combination with a resource stress, on carbon gain of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The first experiment involved nitrogen deficiency, and the second, drought stress. The patterns of change in leaf area, photo... | 0 |
38,946 | Ventilatory parameters for the EPA chronic rat study [memorandum to John Overton] | Costa, DL | 1,994 | null | 0 |
52,316 | Decay-adjusted chemical mass balance receptor modeling for volatile organic compounds | Lin, C; Milford, JB | 1,994 | A decay-adjusted chemical mass balance (CMB) model has been used to estimate the contributions of gasoline vapor and highway vehicle emissions to volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations measured at two receptor sites in Atlanta, GA. A new empirical method is proposed for estimating decay factors for VOC species,... | 0 |
1,077,180 | Production of nitric oxide by rat type II pneumocytes: increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase following inhalation of a pulmonary irritant | Punjabi, CJ; Laskin, JD; Pendino, KJ; Goller, NL; Durham, SK; Laskin, DL | 1,994 | Nitric oxide is a highly reactive molecule that has been implicated in host defense and tissue injury. In the present studies, we determined whether rat type II alveolar epithelial cells have the capacity to produce this mediator. We found that type II cells synthesize significant quantities of nitric oxide after treat... | 0 |
42,631 | Effects of ozone on managed pasture: II Yield, species composition, canopy structure, and forage quality | Fuhrer, J; Shariat-Madari, H; Perler, R; Tschannen, W; Grub, A | 1,994 | Managed pasture composed of grasses, clover and weeds was exposed in open-top chambers to different levels of ozone (O3) during two consecutive seasons to study changes in yield, species composition, canopy structure, and forage quality. The pasture was established in 1990 and exposed in 1991 and 1992. Ozone treatments... | 0 |
55,549 | Effects of ozone on managed pasture: 1. Effects of open-top chambers on microclimate, ozone flux, and plant growth | Fuhrer, J | 1,994 | Open-top chambers (OTC) were established in a field of managed pasture, and environmental parameters were recorded inside and outside to study the influence of OTCs on radiation, air temperature (Tair), saturation vapour pressure deficit (svpd), and soil water content in relationship to plant growth and yield. Canopy d... | 1 |
51,277 | Removal of stratospheric O3 by radicals - in situ measurements of OH, HO2, NO, NO2, CLO, and BRO | Wennberg, PO; Cohen, RC; Stimpfle, RM; Koplow, JP; Anderson, JG; Salawitch, RJ; Fahey, DW; Woodbridge, EL; Keim, ER; Geo, RS; Webster, CR; May, RD; Toohey, DW; Avallone, LM; Proffitt, MH; Loewenstein, M; Podolske, JR; Chan, KR; Wofsy, SC | 1,994 | Simultaneous in situ measurements of the concentrations of OH, HO2, CIO, BrO, NO, and NO2 demonstrate the predominance of odd-hydrogen and halogen free-radical catalysis in determining the rate of removal of ozone in the lower stratosphere during May 1993. A single catalytic cycle, in which the rate-limiting step is th... | 0 |
39,074 | National air pollutant emission trends, 1900-1993 | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,198 | Molecular mechanisms of transformation of C3H/10T1/2 C1 8 mouse embryo cells and diploid human fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal compounds | Landolph, JR | 1,994 | Carcinogenic arsenic, nickel, and chromium compounds induced morphological and neoplastic transformation but no mutation to ouabain resistance in 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells; lead chromate also did not induce mutation to ouabain or 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mechanism of metal-induced mo... | 0 |
39,079 | Response of a grassland ecosystem to air pollutants:--II the chemical climate: fluxes of sedimenting airborne matter | Dammgen, U; Grunhage, L; Kusters, A; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | Measurement of the deposition of sedimenting particles requires a sampling device, which avoids simultaneous deposition of gases and aerosols to the collection surface. A sampler constructed for the purpose of collecting rain and sedimenting particles is described and characterized in detail, in particular with regard ... | 0 |
78,489 | Hospital admissions for asthma in preschool children: Relationship to major roads in Birmingham, United Kingdom | Edwards, J; Walters, S; Griffiths, RK | 1,994 | This study examined the relationship between residence near major roads, traffic flow, and risk of hospital admission for asthma in children younger than 5 y of age living in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Area of residence and traffic flow patterns were compared for children admitted to the hospital for asthma, children ... | 0 |
43,680 | An evaluation of a surface-energy balance method for partitioning ET data into plant and soil components for a surface with partial canopy cover | Massman, WJ; Ham, JM | 1,994 | An objective, data-based method for partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) measurements into soil and plant components is tested at a cotton site against independently derived estimates of transpiration. This objective method requires standard meteorological/surface energy balance measurements and relies on a two-compone... | 0 |
76,228 | Ozone increases atrial natriuretic peptides in heart, lung and circulation of aged vs adult animals | Vesely, DL; Giordano, AT; Raska-Emery, P; Montgomery, MR | 1,994 | Ozone can cause pulmonary edema and simultaneously decrease blood pressure. Atrial natriuretic peptides may mediate both of these affects since they increase pulmonary capillary permeability and are potent vasodilating peptides. To examine this possibility and determine if aged animals respond differently to ozone, adu... | 1 |
86,438 | Model study of the first steps in the deterioration of calcareous stone II Sulphate formation on calcite | Elfving, P; Panas, I; Lindqvist, O | 1,994 | Central Board of National Antiquities in Sweden; OK Petroleum Environmental Protection Foundation. | 0 |
75,995 | Taurine protects against oxidant-induced lung injury: possible mechanism(s) of action | Schuller-Levis, G; Quinn, MR; Wright, C; Park, E | 1,994 | null | 0 |
26,465 | Interaction of ozone exposure and Fusarium subglutinans inocculation on growth and disease development of loblolly pine seedlings | Carey, WA; Kelley, WD | 1,994 | Seedlings from ten half-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) were exposed in open-top chambers to carbon-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), or air amended with ozone to 1A7 or 2A5 times ambient. After 105 days of exposure, half the seedlings within each family were wounded but not inoculated and half were... | 0 |
7,023 | Patterns of asthma mortality in Philadelphia from 1969 to 1991 | Lang, DM; Polansky, M | 1,994 | Hahnemann University Allergy and Asthma Center Research and Education Fund. | 0 |
53,061 | Characterization of ambient ozone levels in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park | Mueller, SF | 1,994 | Ambient ozone data collected at two sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) are summarized and compared with data from an urban and a low-elevation rural site. The ozone climatology in the park is found to be similar to that of other remote sites in the southern Appalachian Mountain region. As expected... | 0 |
41,844 | Response of cellular antioxidants to ozone in wheat flag leaves at different stages of plant development | Bender, J; Weigel, HJ; Wegner, U; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | The effect of ozone (O3) on growth, yield and foliar antioxidants of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Turbo) was investigated in 1990 and 1991 in Braunschweig, Germany. Plants were grown full-season in pots in open-top chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered (CF) air to which one or two levels of O3 were added... | 0 |
41,037 | Subpart B: Procedures for testing performance characteristics of automated methods SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
43,267 | Alternative attainment criteria for a secondary federal standard for ozone | Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE; Tingey, DT | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,670 | Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States | Kleinman, L; Lee, YN; Springston, SR; Nunnermacker, L; Zhou, X; Brown, R; Hallock, K; Klotz, P; Leahy, D; Lee, JH; Newman, L | 1,994 | Trace gas measurements pertinent to understanding the transport and photochemical formation Of O3 were made at a surface site in rural Georgia as part of the Southern Oxidant Study during the summer of 1991. It was found that there was a strong correlation between O3 and the oxidation products of NO(x): O3(ppb) = 27 + ... | 0 |
38,897 | Influence of the atmospheric conductivity on the ozone exposure of plants under ambient conditions: considerations for establishing ozone standards to protect vegetation | Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | This paper provides results of ozone flux density measurements above a permanent grassland ecosystem as they relate to an establishment of air quality guidelines or standards. Using a resistance analogue, the product of zone concentration measured at a standard measurement height and the conductivity of the atmosphere ... | 0 |
44,267 | Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations | Hong, S; Candelone, JP; Patterson, CC; Boutron, CF | 1,994 | Analysis of the Greenland ice core covering the period from 3000 to 500 years ago-the Greek, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance times-shows that lead is present at concentrations four times as great as natural values from about 2500 to 1700 years ago (500 B.C. to 300 A.D.). These results show that Greek and Roman lead and... | 0 |
29,013 | Effects of various ozone exposures on the susceptibility of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L) to Botrytis cinerea | Tonneijck, AEG | 1,994 | #The effects of various ozone exposures in predisposing bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Botrytis cinerea have been investigated under laboratory conditions. Seedlings of two bean cultivars were exposed to incremental ozone concentrations (120, 180 and 270 Ag rn-3 for 8-h day') for five days and primary leaves w... | 0 |
668,881 | UV-B exposure and atmospheric ozone - Evaluation of radiative flux to changes in ambient ozone levels | Crist, KC; Carmichael, GR; John, K | 1,994 | The changes in ground level radiative flux as a function of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes are investigated with a delta-two stream radiation model. Ground level radiative flux are calculated for several future scenarios with tropospheric pollution levels representative of an urban center in the eastern U... | 1 |
86,001 | Tropospheric ozone: Human health and agricultural impacts | McKee, DJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
91,929 | Records of nutrient-enhanced coastal ocean productivity in sediments from the Louisiana continental shelf | Eadie, BJ; McKee, BA; Lansing, MB; Robbins, JA; Metz, S; Trefry, JH | 1,994 | Shelf sediments from near the mouth of the Mississippi River were collected and analyzed to examine whether records of the consequences of anthropogenic nutrient loading are preserved. Cores representing approximately 100 yr of accumulation have increasing concentrations of organic matter over this period, indicating i... | 0 |
54,064 | Atmospheric scavenging processes over the North Sea | Kane, MM; Rendell, AR; Jickells, TD | 1,994 | The results of parallel aerosol and rain sampling programmes for trace and major ions at a coastal site in southeast England and on the southern North Sea are presented. The two data sets agree reasonably well, suggesting that extrapolation from coastal sites to adjacent marine areas does not introduce large errors. H... | 0 |
92,122 | Allocation of carbon in plants under stress: an analysis of the ROPIS experiments | Laurence, JA; Amundson, RG; Friend, AL; Pell, EJ; Temple, PJ | 1,994 | This paper addresses common patterns of plant C allocation in response to stress. The ROPIS studies used species ranging from slow growing, long-lived evergreen trees (red spruce [Picea rubens Sarg.] and ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa Dougl.]), to fast growing evergreen and deciduous trees (loblolly pine [Pinus taeda ... | 0 |
52,884 | Wilt-induced aba biosynthesis, gene expression and down regulation of rbcS mRNA levels in Arabidopsis thaliana | Williams, J; Bulman, MP; Neill, SJ | 1,994 | The kinetics of wilt-induced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis were investigated in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh Landsberg erecta. ABA concentrations were measured using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on the monoclonal antibody MAC 252, and the RIA validated by comparison with combined gas chromatography-ma... | 0 |
43,268 | Attainment and effects issues regarding alternative secondary ozone air quality standards | Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE; Tingey, DT | 1,994 | The present secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O3, established in 1979, is based on limited information from a few field studies on vegetation and may not be protective of crop damage due to O3, alone or in combination with other pollutants. Considerable information from field studies conduct... | 1 |
44,215 | Airlines take ozone monitors on board | Pearce, F | 1,994 | null | 0 |
53,405 | Photochemical reactions in atmospheric waters: role of dissolved iron species | Hoigne, J; Zuo, Y; Nowell, L | 1,994 | null | 0 |
39,013 | Response of a grassland ecosystem to air pollutants: III--the chemical climate: vertical flux densities of gaseous species in the atmosphere near the ground | Grunhage, L; Dammgen, U; Haenel, HD; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | The establishment of element balances for ecosystems presupposes a knowledge of the amounts of the respective element exchanged between the ecosystem and the atmosphere near the ground by determining their vertical flux densities. Any adequate approach to calculate flux densities of gaseous species in the atmosphere ha... | 0 |
57,196 | Cumulus clouds and UV-B | Mims FM III; Frederick, JE | 1,994 | Significant increases in solar irradiance are reported as a result of cumulus clouds. As part of the 1994 Hawaii Ultraviolet Survey, 10 miniature ultraviolet-B (UV-B) total-sky radiometers were situated in lava at various elevations from June 11-24, 1994. A 0.5-hour increase in total global solar irradiance over the ma... | 0 |
44,264 | Oxidant and acid aerosol exposure in healthy subjects and subjects with asthma; Part I: Effects of oxidants, combined with sulfuric or nitric acid, on the pulmonary function of adolescents with asthma | Koenig, JQ; Covert, DS; Pierson, WE; Hanley, QS; Rebolledo, V; Dumler, K; Mckinney, SE | 1,994 | Both peak flow decrements in children at summer camps and increased hospital admissions for asthma have been associated with summer "acid haze," which is composed of ozone and various acidic species. The objective of this study was to investigate the pulmonary effects of acid summer haze in a controlled laboratory sett... | 0 |
75,988 | Regulation of antioxidant enzymes in lung after oxidant injury | Quinlan, T; Spivack, S; Mossman, BT | 1,994 | Studies have implicated active oxygen species (AOS) in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. Many chemical and physical agents in the environment are potent generators of AOS, including ozone, hyperoxia, mineral dusts, paraquat, etc. These agents produce AOS by different mechanisms, but frequently the lung is the ... | 0 |
75,950 | Bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in asthmatic and healthy volunteers after controlled exposure to ozone and filtered purified air | Basha, MA; Gross, KB; Gwizdala, CJ; Haidar, AH; Popovich, J, Jr | 1,994 | Study objective: To characterize the pulmonary response of asthmatic and healthy nonsmoking adult men to 0.20 ppm ozone by controlled chamber exposure.
Design: A prospective, crossover study of five atopic asthmatic and five normal subjects randomly exposed to ozone and filtered purified air (FPA) for 6 h, consisting... | 1 |
12,265 | Development of improved methods to measure effective doses of ozone | Hackney, JD; Avol, EL; Linn, WS | 1,994 | An ozone sampling device has been developed which can monitor exposure concentrations in the personal microenvironment" under typical ambient exposure conditions, for periods from less than one hour to several hours. The device consists of a personal air-sampling pump, a light-tight chemically unreactive filter holder,... | 0 |
77,946 | Review of the effects of ozone and nitrogen oxides on non-biological materials | Murray, DR | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,271 | Characterizing surface ozone concentrations in Norway | Pedersen, U; Lefohn, AS | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,000 | Ozone exposure of cultured cells and tissues | Tarkington, BK; Duvall, TR; Last, JA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,166 | Convective-transport over the central United States and its role in regional CO and O3 budgets | Thompson, AM; Pickering, KE; Dickerson, RR; Ellis, WG, Jr; Jacob, DJ; Scala, JR; Tao, WK; McNamara, DP; Simpson, J | 1,994 | We have constructed a regional budget for boundary layer carbon monoxide over the central United States (32.5 omicron -50 omicron N, 90 omicron -105 omicron W), emphasizing a detailed evaluation of deep convective vertical fluxes appropriate for the month of June. Deep convective venting of the boundary layer (upward) ... | 0 |
44,162 | Growth-stage dependent crop yield response to ozone exposure | Younglove, T; Mccool, PM; Musselman, RC; Kahi, ME | 1,994 | #Data from four crop yield-loss field trials were examined to determine if analysis using an imposed pheno!ogical weighting function based on seasonal growth stage would provide a more accurate indication of impact of ozone exposure. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Moapa 69),dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Californ... | 1 |
43,913 | Pre-exposure to ozone does not enhance or produce exercise-induced asthma | Weymer, AR; Gong, H, Jr; Lyness, A; Linn, WS | 1,994 | We evaluated whether acute exposure to ozone (O-3) enhances or produces exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in asthmatic subjects who have or do not have EIA, according to standardized exercise challenge. Twenty-one otherwise healthy asthmatic subjects, 19 to 40 yr of age, with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))... | 0 |
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