REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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28,663 | Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide from indoor heaters and cooking stoves | Kawamoto, T; Matsuno, K; Arashidani, K; Yoshikawa, M; Kayama, F; Kodama, Y | 1,993 | The personal exposure to NO2 generated from various heaters and cooking stoves were studied, using 85 university students. The students attached NO2 filter badges to their chests or collars and wrote down the period of time for heating and cooking for 1 week. Types of heaters and smoking habits were described through a... | 0 |
57,556 | Wavelengths effective in induction of malignant melanoma | Setlow, RB; Grist, E; Thompson, K; Woodhead, AD | 1,993 | It is generally agreed that sunlight exposure is one of the etiologic agents in malignant melanoma of fair-skinned individuals. However, the wavelengths responsible for tumorigenesis are not known, although DNA is assumed to be the target because individuals defective in the repair of UV damage to DNA are several thous... | 0 |
43,898 | Adhesion and motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from the blood of rats exposed to ozone: potential biomarkers of toxicity | Bhalla, DK; Rasmussen, RE; Daniels, DS | 1,993 | null | 0 |
80,039 | Volatile products of the lipoxygenase pathway evolved from Phaseolus vulgaris (L) leaves inoculated with pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola | Croft, PC; Juttner, F; Slusarenko, AJ | 1,993 | Activation of the "lipoxygenase pathway" in plants gives rise to a series of products derived from fatty acids. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of volatile products produced by Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) cv Red Mexican leaves during a hypersensitive resistance response (HR) to the plant pathogenic bacteri... | 0 |
44,204 | Effects of 20 months of ozone exposure on lung collagen in Fischer 344 rats | Last, JA; Gelzleichter, T; Harkema, J; Parks, WC; Mellick, P | 1,993 | Fischer 344 rats were exposed to filtered air (controls) or to 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm of ozone for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 20 months. We examined lung collagen deposition and metabolism in tissue from these animals to determine whether chronic exposure of rats to ozone causes pulmonary fibrosis. We observed excess sta... | 0 |
43,707 | Ozonolysis products of membrane fatty acids activate eicosanoid metabolism in human airway epithelial cells | Leikauf, GD; Zhao, Q; Zhou, S; Santrock, J | 1,993 | When inhaled, ozone reacts at the airway luminal surface with unsaturated fatty acids contained in the extracellular fluid and plasma membrane to form an aldehyde and hydroxyhydroperoxide. The resulting hydroxyhydroperoxide degrades in aqueous systems to yield a second aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Previously,... | 0 |
52,833 | Photosynthesis, rubisco activity and amount, and their regulation by transcription in senescing soybean leaves | Jiang, CZ; Rodermel, SR; Shibles, RM | 1,993 | Senescence is a phase of leaf ontogeny marked by declining photosynthetic activity that, in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), is paralleled by a decline in chloroplast function. Soybean leaves have different patterns of decline in photosynthetic capacity and chloroplast function associated with nodal position and sink ... | 0 |
54,080 | Amino acid nitrogen in atmospheric aerosols: occurrence, sources, and photochemical modification | Milne, PJ; Zika, RG | 1,993 | The presence of amino acids in atmospheric precipitation and aerosols has been noted for many years, yet relatively little is known about these or other nitrogen containing organic compounds in the atmosphere. Marine and continental rainwater analyses indicate that atmospheric aerosols, and subsequently atmospheric pre... | 0 |
52,765 | Role of ascorbate in detoxifying ozone in the apoplast of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L) leaves | Luwe, MWF; Takahama, U; Heber, U | 1,993 | Both reduced and oxidized ascorbate (AA and DMA) are present in the aqueous phase of the extracellular space, the apoplast, of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L) leaves. Fumigation with 0.3 AL L-1 of ozone resulted in ozone uptake by the leaves close to 0.9 pmol cm-2 of leaf surface area
s-1. Apoplastic AA was slowly oxidi... | 0 |
25,258 | Beneficial effects of sun exposure on cancer mortality | Ainsleigh, HG | 1,993 | For more than 50 years, there has been documentation in the medical literature suggesting that regular sun exposure is associated with substantial decreases in death rates from certain cancers and a decrease in overall cancer death rates. Recent research suggests that this is a causal relationship that acts through the... | 0 |
44,221 | Airway epithelial labeling index as an indicator of ozone induced lung injury | Rajini, P; Gelzleichter, TR; Last, JA; Witschi, H | 1,993 | Rats were implanted subcutaneously with a bromodeoxyuridine-filled minipump and then were exposed to ozone delivered at a low dose rate (0.4 ppm during 12 h per night) or at a high dose rate (0.8 ppm during 6 h per night). Three and 7 days after pump implantation the cumulative labeling indices were measured in the alv... | 0 |
103,665 | Current issues in human lead exposure and regulation of lead | Davis, JM; Elias, RW; Grant, LD | 1,993 | Concern about lead as a significant public health problem has increased as epidemiological and experimental evidence has mounted regarding adverse health effects at successively lower levels of lead exposure. This concern has led to downward revision of criteria for acceptable blood lead concentrations to the 10 microg... | 0 |
43,478 | A critical review of studies of the association between demands for hospital services and air pollution | Lipfert, FW | 1,993 | Studies of the associations between air pollution and hospital admissions and emergency room use are reviewed, including studies of air pollution episodes, time-series analyses, and cross-sectional analyses. These studies encompass a variety of methods of analysis and levels of air quality. Findings from all three type... | 0 |
75,983 | Air pollution and pollen allergy | Obtulowicz, K | 1,993 | #Pollen allergy is the most typical form of allergic diseases. The increase in its frequency during recent years is most evident. The disease was rare when it was first described 150 years ago as summer hay fever. In 1876 Blackley wrote that the frequency of pollen allergy was increasing, especially in industrialized c... | 0 |
38,805 | Modification of Rubisco and altered proteolytic activity in O3-stressed hybrid poplar (Populus maximowizii x trichocarpa) | Landry, LG; Pell, EJ | 1,993 | Exposing hybrid poplar (Populus maximowizii x trichocarpa) plants to ozone (O3) resulted in an acceleration of the visual symptoms of senescence and a decrease in the activity and quantity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Whole plants, crude leaf extracts, and isolated intact chloroplasts o... | 0 |
44,257 | Trends in ozone and its precursors in the northeastern United States | Zalewsky, E; Sistla, G; Henry, R; Rao, ST | 1,993 | null | 0 |
26,438 | Experimental investigations of the effects of air pollutants on aphids on coniferous trees | Brown, VC; Ashmore, MR; Mcneill, S | 1,993 | INTRO.There is now substantive evidence that air pollutants can affect populations of aphids on a wide range of plants (e. g. Riemer and Whittaker, 1989). A large amount of this evidence is based on field observations, with increased aphid populations generally being reported from polluted environments. In recent years... | 0 |
43,714 | A comparison of the pulmonary defenses against streptococcal infection in rats and mice following O3 exposure: differences in disease susceptibility and neutrophil recruitment | Gilmour, MI; Selgrade, MK | 1,993 | Ozone (O3) exposure reduces alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytosis in mice and increases their susceptibility to Streptococcus zooepidemicus. O3 exposure also decreases AM phagocytosis in rats but does not result in mortality to infection. To investigate the mechanism of disease protection in rats, antibacterial defense... | 0 |
29,012 | Light environment alters response to ozone stress in seedlings of Acer saccharum Marsh and hybrid Populus L I In situ net photosynthesis, dark respiration and growth | Tjoelker, MG; Volin, JC; Oleksyn, J; Reich, PB | 1,993 | Hybrid poplar (Populus tristis Fisch. x P. balsamifera L., cv. Tristis) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings were grown under contrasting light and ozone treatments to investigate the role of the light environment in their response to chronic ozone stress. Inconsecutive growth chamber experiments, cuttings... | 0 |
43,593 | A comparison of sensitivity to ozone in seedlings and trees of Quercus rubra L | Samuelson, LJ; Edwards, GS | 1,993 | Assessments of ozone sensitivity in tree species have been based primarily on studies of seedlings without any knowledge of the similarities between seedling and mature tree responses. To determine if seedlings and trees responded similarly to ozone, 2-yr-old seedlings and 30-yr-old trees of Quercus rubra L. were fumig... | 0 |
42,989 | Effects of air pollution on the respiratory tract of children | Schmitzberger, R; Rhomberg, K; Buchele, H; Puchegger, R; Schmitzberger-Natzmer, D; Kemmler, G; Panosch, B | 1,993 | Government of the Tyrol. The effects of air pollution on pulmonary function and respiratory status was evaluated in 1,626 school aged children from a European Alpine region. Based on measurements of SO2, NO2, and 03 as well as infrared imaging and lichen mapping, three zones of exposure were defined. Results of standar... | 0 |
94,073 | Cotton yield losses and ambient ozone concentrations in California's San Joaquin Valley | Olszyk, D; Bytnerowicz, A; Kats, G; Reagan, C; Hake, S; Kerby, T; Millhouse, D; Roberts, B; Anderson, C; Lee, H | 1,993 | null | 0 |
44,879 | Pulmonary function changes in children associated with fine particulate matter | Koenig, JQ; Larson, TV; Hanley, QS; Rebolledo, V; Dumler, K; Checkoway, H; Wang, SZ; Lin, D; Pierson, WE | 1,993 | During winter months many neighborhoods in the Seattle metropolitan area are heavily affected by particulate matter from residential wood burning. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between fine particulate matter and pulmonary function in young children. The subjects were 326 elementary school child... | 0 |
39,357 | The pulmonary response of white and black adults to six concentrations of ozone | Seal, E, Jr; Mcdonnell, WF; House, DE; Salaam, SA; Dewitt, PJ; Butler, SO; Green, J; Raggio, L | 1,993 | Many early studies of respiratory responsiveness to ozone (O3) were done on healthy, young, white males. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender or race differences in O3 response exist among white and black, males and females, and to develop concentration-response curves for each of the gender-race g... | 1 |
55,054 | Wavelength dependence of skin cancer induction by ultraviolet irradiation of albino hairless mice | De Gruijl, FR; Henricus, JCM; Sterenborg, H; Forbes, PD; Davies, RE; Cole, C; Kelfkens, G; Van Weelden, H; Slaper, H; Van der Leun, JC | 1,993 | Information on the variation in carcinogenicity with wavelength is crucial in risk assessments for skin cancers induced by UV radiation. Until recently the wavelength (lambda) dependencies of other detrimental UV effects, such as sunburn, have been used as substitutes. Direct information on the lambda dependency can on... | 0 |
43,883 | The effects of acid rain and ozone on biomass and leaf area parameters of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill) | Shelburne, VB; Reardon, JC; Paynter, VA | 1,993 | Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings in 24 open-top chambers were exposed to combinations of ozone (carbon-filtered (control), ambient, 1.7 x ambient, and 2.5 x ambient) and acidic precipitation (pH 5.3, 4.3 and 3.3) for 16 months (1989 harvest) or 28 months (1990 harvest). Although the effects of acid rain ... | 0 |
43,162 | Mutagenicity of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in vivo: tests for somatic mutations and chromosomal aberrations | Heddle, JA; Shepson, PB; Gingerich, JD; So, KW | 1,993 | A series of experiments was conducted in which Chinese hamsters inhaled PAN, an ubiquitous pollutant that is present in the atmosphere at concentrations that ore as high as, or higher than, other known genotoxic agents. The animals were exposed to PAN in air at concentrations of ~3 ppm for up to 1 month and then examin... | 0 |
42,962 | Sources of fine organic aerosol 2 Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks | Rogge, WF; Hildemann, LM; Mazurek, MA; Cass, GR; Simoneit, BRT | 1,993 | California Air Resources Board; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; South Coast Air Quality Management District; U.S. Department of Energy. #Gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles are known to contribute appreciable amounts of inhalable fine particulate matter to the atmosphere in urban areas. Internal combustion engi... | 0 |
43,917 | Acute effects of ambient ozone on pulmonary function of children in the Netherlands | Hoek, G; Fischer, P; Brunekreef, B; Lebret, E; Hofschreuder, P; Mennen, MG | 1,993 | In the spring and summer of 1989 an epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate the acute effects of photochemical air pollution episodes on pulmonary function of children living in three nonindustrial towns in the Netherlands. Spirometry was performed repeatedly in the schools of the children, mostly during the morn... | 0 |
28,873 | Emission of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds from waterborne paints - the effect of the film thickness | Clausen, PA | 1,993 | A waterborne paint was applied to tin plated steel sheets with three different film thicknesses. The emission of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds ((S) VOCs) from the samples was measured in small climatic chambers under standard conditions over a two-week period. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ... | 0 |
43,191 | Effect of ambient winter air pollution on respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms | Roemer, W; Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B | 1,993 | #The acute respiratory effects of ambient air pollution were studied in a panel of 73 children with chronic respiratory symptoms in the winter of 1990 to 1991. The participating children were selected from all children aged 6 to 12 yr in Wageningen and Bennekom, two small, nonindustrial towns in the east of the Netherl... | 0 |
54,038 | Aqueous-phase photochemical formation of peroxides in authentic cloud and fog waters | Faust, BC; Anastasio, C; Allen, JM; Arakaki, T | 1,993 | Gas-to-drop partitioning of hydrogen peroxide and its precursor, the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2.), has been considered the predominant or sole source of hydrogen peroxide in atmospheric water drops. However, atmospheric water can absorb solar ultraviolet radiation, which initiates the photoformation of peroxides (primar... | 0 |
76,255 | Emissions of volatile organic compounds from new carpets measured in a large-scale environmental chamber | Hodgson, AT; Wooley, JD; Daisey, JM | 1,993 | This study was undertaken to quantify the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by new carpets. Samples of four typical carpets, including two with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex adhesive and two with different backings, were collected from the finish lines at manufacturers' mills. Individual VO... | 0 |
43,903 | Susceptibility to ozone-induced inflammation I Genetic control of the response to subacute exposure | Kleeberger, SR; Levitt, RC; Zhang, LY | 1,993 | We demonstrated previously that C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice are susceptible and C3H/HeJ (C3) mice are resistant to airway inflammation that is induced by acute (3 h) exposure to 2 parts per million (ppm) ozone (O3). In the present study we tested the hypothesis that B6 and C3 mice are also differentially susceptible to t... | 0 |
43,058 | A regional modeling analysis of the dependencies of atmospheric oxidants to perturbations in NOx and hydrocarbon emissions | Mathur, R; Schere, KL | 1,993 | null | 0 |
80,386 | Decline of sacred fir (Abies religiosa) in a forest park south of Mexico City | Alvarado, D; De Bauer, LI; Galindo, J | 1,993 | #Decline of sacred fir (Abies religiosa) trees in the high elevation forest park, Desierto de los Leones, located south of Mexico City, is described. Trees located in the windward zone (exposed to air masses from Mexico City) were the most severely affected, especially trees at the distal ends of ravines. Examination o... | 0 |
43,547 | Analysis of the relationships among O3 uptake, conductance, and photosynthesis in needles of Pinus ponderosa | Weber, JA; Clark, CS; Hogsett, WE | 1,993 | We studied the effects of O(3) uptake on conductance (g(wv)) and photosynthesis (A) in needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedlings exposed for 70 days to one of three O(3) regimes-Low-O(3) (0.1 micro mol mol(-1) daily peak), High-O(3) (0.2 micro mol mol(-1) daily peak), and Low/High-O(3) (alternating 2 ... | 0 |
33,914 | Near-lifetime exposure of the rat to a simulated urban profile of nitrogen dioxide: Pulmonary function evaluation | Tepper, JS; Costa, DL; Winsett, DW; Stevens, MA; Doerfler, DL; Watkinson, WP | 1,993 | To investigate the potential for up to a near lifetime exposure to high-ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to induce functional lung damage group of rats were exposed to air or a simulated urban profile of NO2 (0.5 ppm background, 1.5 ppm peak) for 1, 3, 13, 52, or 78 weeks. The dynamic, static, and diffusional c... | 0 |
43,007 | Long-term ambient concentrations of total suspended particulates, ozone, and sulfur dioxide and respiratory symptoms in a nonsmoking population | Abbey, DE; Petersen, F; Mills, PK; Beeson, WL | 1,993 | #Seventh-day Adventist nonsmokers, who, subsequent to 1966, had resided within 8 km (5 miles) of their 1977 residence (N = 3,914), completed the National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) respiratory symptoms questionnaire in 1977 and again in 1987. For each participant, cumulative ambient concentrations of total suspend... | 0 |
43,009 | Effect of ambient ozone on peak expiratory flow of exercising children in the Netherlands | Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B; Kosterink, P; Van den Berg, R; Hofschreuder, P | 1,993 | The potential effects of elevated ozone concentrations in the Netherlands were evaluated by the measurement of peak expiratory flow (PEF) of exercising children. Peak expiratory flow was measured with mini-Wright peak flow meters, both before and after outdoor sports training. The relationship between PEF and ozone was... | 1 |
15,404 | UV-B radiation and ozone depletion: Effects on humans, animals, plants, microorganisms and materials | null | 1,993 | null | 0 |
38,151 | Inhaled nitric oxide selectively reverses human hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without causing systemic vasodilation | Frostell, C; Blomqvist, H; Hedenstierna, G; Lundberg, J; Zapol, WM | 1,993 | <strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Nitric oxide (NO), an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, acts as a local vasodilator. The authors examined the effects of NO on pulmonary and systemic circulation in human volunteers.<br /><br /><strong>METHODS: </strong>Nine healthy adults were studied awake while breathing 1) air, 2) 12... | 0 |
55,312 | Climate and stress in ecotoxicology: A coherent system of definitions and terms | Dammgen, U; Grunhage, L; Haenel, HD; Jager, HJ | 1,993 | Summary
The terms "climate" (physical and chemical), "climate element" (potential and effective), "climate factor", "climatic factor", "flux densities of energy, momentum and matter", "stress" , "stressor", "strain", "absorbed stressor dose", "stress resistance" and "stress tolerance" are explained and compiled to form... | 1 |
43,204 | The role of air pollution in asthma | Wardlaw, AJ | 1,993 | #Laboratory studies have clearly shown that inhalation of SO2 by asthmatics can cause a significant degree of wheezing at concentrations considerably lower than those which affect non-asthmatics. Concentrations as low as 0.2 p.p.m. have a significant effect, especially in subjects who are mouth breathing or undergoing ... | 0 |
43,906 | Enhanced response to ozone exposure during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle | Fox, SD; Adams, WC; Brookes, KA; Lasley, BL | 1,993 | Exposure to ozone (O3), a toxic component of photochemical smog, results in significant airway inflammation, respiratory discomfort, and pulmonary function impairment. These effects can be reduced via pretreatment with anti-inflammatory agents. Progesterone, a gonadal steroid, is known to reduce general inflammation in... | 1 |
43,000 | Establishing relevant ozone standards to protect vegetation and human health: exposure/dose-response considerations | Lefohn, AS; Foley, JK | 1,993 | For assessing the efficacy of a specific form of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3, those exposure patterns that result in vegetation and human health effects must be identified. For vegetation, it has been found that the higher hourly average concentrations should be weighted more than the lower concen... | 0 |
44,056 | Real-world vehicle emissions: a summary of the third annual CRC-APRAC on-road vehicle emissions workshop | Cadle, SH; Gorse, RA; Lawson, DR | 1,993 | null | 0 |
43,461 | The seasonal variation of nonmethane hydrocarbons in the free troposphere over the North Atlantic Ocean: possible evidence for extensive reaction of hydrocarbons with the nitrate radical | Penkett, SA; Blake, NJ; Lightman, P; Marsh, ARW; Anwyl, P; Butcher, G | 1,993 | Detailed observations have been made of the seasonal variation in concentration of a wide range of nonmethane hydrocarbons over the North Atlantic Ocean in air with a predominantly polar maritime origin. The results bear out many of the findings of our previous studies [Lightman et al., 1990] with the observation of a ... | 0 |
43,206 | Modulation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hamster lung tumors by ozone | Witschi, H; Wilson, DW; Plopper, CG | 1,993 | Male Syrian Golden hamsters were treated with subcutaneous injections of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), 20 mg/kg, twice a week for 24 weeks. Half the animals were kept in filtered air and the other half was exposed continuously to an atmosphere of 0.8 ppm of ozone. After 6 months, no more DEN injections were given and al... | 0 |
40,387 | In vitro ozone exposure increases release of arachidonic acid products from a human bronchial epithelial cell line | Mckinnon, KP; Madden, MC; Noah, TL; Devlin, RB | 1,993 | Eicosanoids released after ozone exposure of a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-S6, were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of supernatants from exposed cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid. BEAS cells released thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene C4 (LTC4), LT... | 0 |
13,626 | Carbon monoxide and cardiovascular disease: an analysis of the weight of evidence | Mennear, JH | 1,993 | The role, if any, of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the causation and/or exacerbation of cardiovascular disease remains to he proven and defined. Earlier workers suggested that ETS-associated carbon monoxide, nicotine, and/or polyaromatic hydrocarbons may be causative factors. The purpose of this review was to as... | 0 |
1,076,363 | Dual effect of nitrogen dioxide on rat alveolar macrophage arachidonate metabolism | Robison, TW; Forman, HJ | 1,993 | Significant deficits in alveolar macrophage (AM) function have been associated with acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The present investigation examined changes in enzymatic production of arachidonate metabolites from rat AM exposed to NO2. While in vitro exposure of AM to NO2 concentrations between 0.1 and 5 p... | 0 |
48,349 | The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. Part I: Model description | Tao, WK; Simpson, J | 1,993 | During the past two decades, convective scale models have advanced sufficiently to study the dynamic and microphysical processes associated with mesoscale convective systems. The basic features of these models are that they are non-hydrostatic and include a good representation of microphysical processes. The Goddard Cu... | 0 |
628,570 | Role of tachykinins in ozone-induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs | Tepper, JS; Costa, DL; Fitzgerald, S; Doerfler, DL; Bromberg, PA | 1,993 | To examine the hypothesis that the acute reversible changes caused by ozone (O3) exposure are mediated by tachykinin release, guinea pigs were depleted of tachykinins by use of repeated capsaicin (CAP) injections before O3 exposure in an attempt to prevent O3-induced functional changes. Unexpectedly, CAP pretreatment c... | 1 |
77,390 | Atmospheric light absorption--a review | Horvath, H | 1,993 | The atmosphere interacts both with incoming as well as outgoing light. Two main processes take place: light scattering and light absorption. Whereas light scattering redistributes any light energy in the atmosphere, light absorption converts the light energy to internal energy of the absorbing molecules and eventually ... | 0 |
40,428 | Involvement of superoxide in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in anesthetized cats | Takahashi, T; Miura, M; Katsumata, U; Ichinose, M; Kimura, K; Inoue, H; Takishima, T; Shirato, K | 1,993 | #To determine whether oxygen radical scavengers inhibit ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, we examined the protective effect of polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and PEG-catalase (PEG-CAT) on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in cat airways. Twenty-five cats divided into five groups were ... | 0 |
43,781 | Repeated severe ozone exposure causes depressed baseline spirometry | Folinsbee, LJ; Devlin, RB; Abdul-Salaam, S; Koren, HS | 1,993 | null | 1 |
41,842 | Reliability of a monitoring system for respiratory emergency room admissions | Martinez, F; Sunyer, J; Anto, JM | 1,993 | A respiratory emergency room admissions monitoring system (RERAMS) was set up in Barcelona between 1985-1989, in order to investigate asthma epidemics in the city. Information on emergency room admissions for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was recorded daily from the four main hospitals of the ... | 0 |
44,216 | Nasal secretion of the ozone scavenger uric acid | Peden, DB; Swiersz, M; Ohkubo, K; Hahn, B; Emery, B; Kaliner, MA | 1,993 | Uric acid, an important scavenger of ozone, has been identified as the major low molecular weight antioxidant in baseline and cholinergically induced nasal secretions. The purpose of this study was to determine the specific tissue source of uric acid in airway secretions. The secretion of uric acid is increased by chol... | 1 |
43,203 | Effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on drinking and eating behaviors in mice | Umezu, T; Suzuki, AK; Miura, T; Koizumi, A | 1,993 | Male ICR mice were exposed continuously to ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 7 days to examine the effects on drinking and eating behaviors. Ozone at 0.1 ppm did not affect drinking and eating activities, whereas drinking activity decreased in a concentration-dependent manner to 47.7, 12.8, and 3.0% of the con... | 0 |
43,705 | A new model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in rats | Last, JA; Gelzleichter, TR; Pinkerton, KE; Walker, RM; Witschi, H | 1,993 | Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 6 h daily to 0.8 ppm of ozone and 14.4 ppm of nitrogen dioxide. Approximately 7 to 10 wk after the initiation of exposure, animals began to demonstrate respiratory insufficiency and severe weight loss. About half of the rats died between Days 55 and 78 of exposure; no overt ill effe... | 0 |
44,256 | On a NOx-focused control strategy to reduce O3 | Wolff, GT | 1,993 | The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) require that NO-x-RACT rules be adopted in all moderate or worse O3-nonattainment areas unless it can be demonstrated that the resulting NOx emission reductions are counterproductive to reducing O3. Outside of California, this is the first time that stationary sources have had t... | 0 |
43,198 | Ozone effect on respiratory syncytial virus infectivity and cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages | Soukup, J; Koren, HS; Becker, S | 1,993 | This study was performed to evaluate the effect of ozone (O3) exposure at 1 ppm for 2 hr on the susceptibility/resistance of adult human alveolar macrophages (AM) to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro and on RSV-induced cytokine production by the AM. AM were first exposed to O3 or to filtered air... | 0 |
44,078 | Emissions of NO from soil at a rural site in central Tennessee | Valente, RJ; Thornton, FC | 1,993 | Field measurements of soil emissions of NO from a Mountview silt loam soil with three land uses (forest, fertilized pasture, and fertilized corn) were made on a commercial farm during a summer and autumn sampling period. A new automated closed-chamber sampling system was developed to allow simultaneous measurements on ... | 0 |
36,433 | Perinatal development of iron and antioxidant defence systems | Gunther, T; Hollriegl, V; Vormann, J | 1,993 | The time course of malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was measured in serum, liver, kidney and heart from rats between day 17 of gestation and day 20 after birth. MDA was higher in fetal than maternal tissues and showed a transient increase after ... | 0 |
40,708 | Characteristics of bronchoalveolar leukocytes from the lungs of rats inhaling 02-08 ppm of ozone | Donaldson, K; Brown, GM; Brown, DM; Slight, J; Maclaren, W; Davis, JMG | 1,993 | The study was aimed at investigating the likely role of the bronchoalveolar leukocytes in the epithelial injury arising from exposure to ozone at low concentrations. Rats were exposed to 0.2-0.8 m of ozone for 7 hr/day for up to 4 days. At the selected time points the lungs were lavaged and the bronchoalveolar lavage c... | 0 |
38,825 | The effects of ozone episodes on autumn leaf fall in apple | Wiltshire, JJJ; Wright, CJ; Unsworth, MH; Craigon, J | 1,993 | Mature apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were exposed to episodes of 100 and 150 nl l -1 ozone in 1990 and 1991 respectively, in open-top chambers at the University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK. The episodes were for 8 h daily and for not more than 3 d in succession, with a seasonal total of 37 d in ea... | 0 |
89,669 | Asthme, pollution atmospherique urbaine et meteorologie [Asthma, urban atmospheric pollution and the weather] | Marzin, C; Le Moullec, Y; Ancelle, T; Juhel, J; Festy, B; Pretet, S | 1,993 | The aim of this study, which was carried out in an urban environment, was to research in to a possible relationship between temporal variations in the level of atmospheric pollution in the centre of Paris, compared to the frequency of acute dyspnoeic crises in which asthmatic patients had requested the emergency servic... | 0 |
43,704 | Alveolar and airway cell kinetics in the lungs of rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and a combination of the two gases | Rajini, P; Gelzleichter, TR; Last, JA; Witschi, H | 1,993 | Rats carrying minipumps filled with 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine were exposed to ozone, NO2, or a mixture of the two gases using four different protocols: (A) ozone 0.2 ppm, NO2 3.6 ppm, or their mixture for 24 hr a day; (B) ozone 0.4 ppm, NO2 7.2 ppm,or their mixture for 12 hr per night; (C) ozone 0.6 ppm, NO2 10.8 ppm, or ... | 0 |
48,305 | The potential for stratosphere-troposphere exchange in cut-off-low systems | Price, JD; Vaughan, G | 1,993 | SUMMARY Three mechanisms are discussed associated with cut-off-low (COL) systems which can transfer stratospheric air into the troposphere. These mechanisms are: (i) convective erosion of the tropopause, (ii) erosion of the tropopause by turbulence associated with a jet stream, and (iii) tropopause folding around the... | 0 |
6,518 | Application of computational fluid dynamics to regional dosimetry of inhaled chemicals in the upper respiratory tract of the rat | Kimbell, JS; Gross, EA; Joyner, DR; Godo, MN; Morgan, KT | 1,993 | For certain inhaled air pollutants, such as reactive, water soluble gases, the distribution of nasal lesions observed in F344 rats may be closely related to regional gas uptake patterns in the nose. These uptake patterns can be influenced by the currents of air flowing through the upper respiratory tract during the bre... | 0 |
44,475 | Evidence for interaction between air pollution and high temperature in the causation of excess mortality | Katsouyanni, K; Pantazopoulou, A; Touloumi, G; Tselepidaki, I; Moustris, K; Asimakopoulos, D; Poulopoulou, G; Trichopoulos, D | 1,993 | Studies have demonstrated repeatedly that air pollution in Athens is associated with a small but statistically significant increase in mortality. Extremely high air temperatures can also cause excess mortality. This study investigated whether air pollution and air temperature have synergistic effects on excess mortalit... | 0 |
43,163 | Effect of cumulative exposure on nasal response to ozone | Henderson, RF; Hotchkiss, JA; Chang, IY; Scott, BR; Harkema, JR | 1,993 | null | 0 |
39,131 | Predictors of individual differences in acute response to ozone exposure | Mcdonnell, WF; Muller, KE; Bromberg, PA; Shy, CM | 1,993 | The purpose of this study was to identify personal characteristics that predict individual differences in acute FEV1 response to ozone exposure. Response and predictor data were collected on 290 white male volunteers 18 to 32 yr of age who were each exposed to one of six concentrations of ozone between 0.0 and 0.40 par... | 0 |
1,943,756 | [Toluene diisocyanate-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in an animal model of occupationally-induced lung diseases] | Marek, W; Potthast, J; Marczynski, B; Baur, X | 1,993 | Diisocyanates, widely used in industry for the production of polyurethanes, paints and adhesives represent a growing problem in occupational medicine. Beside toxic responses, isocyanates induce sensitization of exposed workers and may cause asthmatic reactions. To study the pathomechanisms of acute isocyanate induced l... | 0 |
43,077 | Predicted impacts of 1990 CAAA controls on northeast US ozone levels | Possiel, NC; Wayland, RA; Wilson, JH, Jr; Laich, EJ; Mullen, MA | 1,993 | null | 0 |
36,420 | Effects of triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation upon ozone-induced lung injury | Sen, S; Dulchavsky, SA; Dutta, S | 1,993 | #Ozone exposure results in an acute decrease in the serum levels of thyroid hormones; the physiologic sequelae of this are unclear. Whereas thyroid hormone supplementation appears to benefit pulmonary function in septic, oxyradical models of injury, thyroid hormone increases ozone toxicity. We demonstrated an increase ... | 0 |
629,649 | Ozone exposure inhibits cardiac protein synthesis in the mouse | Kelly, FJ; Birch, S | 1,993 | Ozone is a major environmental oxidant pollutant. Following ozone inhalation, there are a number of marked pulmonary responses depending on the extent and duration of exposure. Recently it has been established that ozone exposure may also result in cardiac injury. In this study we show that exposure of mice to 800 ppb ... | 0 |
42,865 | Comparison of antioxidant substances in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and fluid from humans, guinea pigs, and rats | Slade, R; Crissman, K; Norwood, J; Hatch, G | 1,993 | Antioxidants located in the lining layer of the respiratory tract may be important in determining sensitivity of lung tissues to inhaled pollutants. This study addressed species differences in the amounts of ascorbic acid (AH2), glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), and alpha-tocopherol (AT) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL... | 1 |
43,952 | Receptor modeling of volatile organic compounds. I: Emission inventory and validation | Scheff, PA; Wadden, RA | 1,993 | Air samples, speciated for 23 organics (23-NMOC) by gas chromatography, were collected on 15 days between July 1 and September 9, 1987, at three sites in Chicago, 20-70 km apart. Four-hour samples were collected simultaneously at all three locations, along with continuous measures of NO/NO2 and an additional 20-h sampl... | 0 |
28,634 | Effect of side-stream cigarette smoke on the hepatic cytochrome P450 | Kawamoto, T; Yoshikawa, M; Matsuno, K; Kayama, F; Oyama, T; Arashidani, K; Kodama, Y | 1,993 | The effect of side stream cigarette smoke on the hepatic cytochrome-P-450 (P450) system was studied in rats. Male Wistar-rats were exposed to side stream smoke from Japanese cigarettes burning in a specially designed cigarette smoke exposure system at the rate one, three, or five cigarettes per hour (hr) 8 hours daily... | 0 |
44,185 | Air pollution and airway epithelial cells | Davies, RJ; Devalia, JL | 1,993 | Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that air pollution, resulting from vehicle exhaust emissions and burning of liquid petroleum gas or kerosene, may play an important role in the development of allergic airways disease. Further, agents such as O3 and NO2 are thought to be major proponents of disease and act by da... | 0 |
94,038 | Mucociliary clearance of inhaled particles measured at 2 h after ozone exposure in humans | Gerrity, TR; Bennett, WD; Kehrl, H; Dewitt, PJ | 1,993 | Acute exposure of humans to ozone is known to acutely cause pulmonary function decrements, inflammation, and increased permeability of pulmonary epithelium. A single study in humans has also shown that mucociliary transport increases during acute ozone exposure. Because different responses have shown a different time c... | 0 |
44,103 | A review of the development and application of the urban airshed model | Scheffe, RD; Morris, RE | 1,993 | null | 0 |
39,794 | Response of macaque bronchiolar epithelium to ambient concentrations of ozone | Harkema, , JR; Plopper, CG; Hyde, DM; St George, JA; Wilson, DW; Dungworth, DL | 1,993 | Recently, we reported that exposure to ambient concentrations of ozone, near the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (0.12 ppm), induced significant nasal epithelial lesions in a non-human primate, the bonnet monkey. The present study defines the effects of ambient concentrations of ozone on the surface epitheli... | 1 |
47,670 | A characterization of the spatiotemporal variability of non-urban ozone concentrations over the Eastern United States | Eder, BK; Davis, JM; Bloomfield, P | 1,993 | The spatial and temporal variability of the daily 1-h maximum O3 concentrations over non-urban areas of the eastern United States of America was examined for the period 1985-1990 using principal component analysis. Utilization of Kaiser's Varimax orthogonal rotation led to the delineation of six contiguous subregions o... | 0 |
44,073 | Correcting RADM's sulfate underprediction: discovery and correction of model errors and testing the corrections through comparisons against field data | Dennis, RL; McHenry, JN; Barchet, WR; Binkowski, FS; Byun, DW | 1,993 | null | 0 |
38,672 | Correlation of ozone with NOy in photochemically aged air | Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Buhr, MP; Norton, RB; Fehsenfeld, FC; Anlauf, KG; Bottenheim, JW; Tang, YZ; Wiebe, HA; Roberts, JM; Tanner, RL; Newman, L; Bowersox, VC; Meagher, JF; Olszyna, KJ; Rodgers, MO; Wang, T; Berresheim, H; Demerjian, KL; Roychowdhury, UK | 1,993 | During the summer of 1988, measurements of photochemical trace species were made at a coordinated network of seven rural sites in the eastern United States and Canada. At six of these sites concurrent measurements of ozone and the sum of the reactive nitrogen species, NO(y), were made, and at four of the sites a measur... | 1 |
52,561 | Mechanisms of bronchoconstriction after allergen ingestion in sensitized guinea pigs | Yamada, N; Inoue, H; Aratani, H; Ichinose, M; Takishima, T | 1,993 | We examined whether oral administration of allergen induced bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea pigs and investigated the mechanisms of bronchoconstriction. The animals had been immunized intraperitoneally with a mixture of Ascaris suum extract and silica gel, and exposed to ozone. They were then challenged with a... | 0 |
47,434 | The key role of methane release rate in the expected ozone content and composition changes of the greenhouse atmosphere in the next century | Karol, IL; Kiselev, AA; Frolkis, VA | 1,993 | ABSTRACT The radiative-photochemical modelling of the global composition changes under the radiative-active gas releases is performed according to the known IPCC scenarios up to year 2100, with inclusion of time delay of greenhouse troposphere warming due to oceanic thermal inertia. The corresponding tropospheric h... | 0 |
44,229 | The dependence of the concentration of OH on its precursors under moderately polluted conditions: A model study | Poppe, D; Wallasch, M; Zimmermann, J | 1,993 | Oxidation of trace gases emitted into the atmosphere is frequently promoted by free radicals. During daytime, the most important radical is the hydroxyl radical, since it reacts with almost all pollutants thereby initializing their ultimate removal from the atmosphere. Since the reaction with OH is in many cases the ra... | 1 |
43,205 | Acute effects of ozone on heart rate and body temperature in the unanesthetized, unrestrained rat maintained at different ambient temperatures | Watkinson, WP; Aileru, AA; Dowd, SM; Doerfler, DL; Tepper, JS; Costa, DL | 1,993 | The present studies were conducted to investigate the concentration-response characteristics of acute ozone (O3) exposure on the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function of the unanesthetized, unrestrained rat, and to examine the modulating effects produced by changes in ambient temperature (T[sub a]) on the induce... | 1 |
52,452 | Nitrous and nitric oxide emissions during nitrification and denitrification from manure-amended soil in the laboratory | Paul, JW; Beauchamp, EG; Zhang, X | 1,993 | #N2O and NO emissions from an agricultural soil were measured shortly after manure addition. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher from soil following addition of manure slurries than following addition of composted manure. Emissions of both N2O and NO were highest between 1 and 4 d after manure addition. Nitrous oxide e... | 0 |
52,378 | Nonlinear chemical couplings in the tropospheric NOx-HOx gas phase chemistry | Zimmermann, J; Poppe, D | 1,993 | A bifurcation phenomenon with relevance to atmospheric chemistry is discussed. The gas-phase reactions in the troposphere exhibit two types of temporal evolution which are controlled by the strength of the source, Q, of nitric oxide, NO, via the nonlinear chemical coupling between the hydrogen oxides and nitrogen oxide... | 1 |
43,732 | Interacting effects of ozone and water stress on the stomatal resistance of beech (Fagus sylvatica l) | Pearson, M; Mansfield, TA | 1,993 | Three?year?old beech trees were exposed to episodes of ozone pollution over a period of 128 d beginning in May 1991. The episodes were artificially created to correspond with the meteorological conditions under which ozone pollution normally occurs. The target concentrations were 60, 80, 100 and 120 ppb, and the cumula... | 1 |
44,205 | Use of human lung tissue for studies of structural changes associated with chronic ozone exposure: opportunities and critical issues | Lippmann, M | 1,993 | Definitive information on the chronic effects of exposure to ozone (O3) in humans is not available. There is a strong concern that ozone could produce chronic lung damage in humans on the basis that exposures are ubiquitous at levels that produce transient symptoms, function deficits, and lung inflammation in humans an... | 0 |
43,080 | Efficacy of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons emissions controls in ozone attainment strategies as predicted by the urban airshed model | Rao, ST; Sistla, G | 1,993 | The primary object of this paper is to provide a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of NO(x) vs Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions control options in improving O3 air quality over the New York metropolitan area. To this end, we have applied the Urban Airshed Model (UAM) with the Carbon Bond IV (CB-IV) ... | 0 |
6,521 | The relevance to humans of animal models for inhalation studies of cancer in the nose and upper airways | DeSesso, JM | 1,993 | While nasal cancer is relatively rare among the general population, workers in the nickel refining, leather manufacturing, and furniture building industries exhibit increased incidences of nasal cancer. To investigate the causes of nasal cancer and to design ameliorative strategies, an appropriate animal model for the ... | 0 |
52,560 | Dexamethasone reduces tachykinin but not ACh airway hyperreactivity after O3 | Murlas, CG; Lang, Z; Chodimella, V | 1,993 | We investigated whether dexamethasone pretreatment affected the acute increase in airway reactivity produced by high-level ozone exposure. Reactivity to intravenous IV substance P (SP), IV acetylcholine (ACh), or aerosolized capsaicin (CAP) before and 1 hr after ozone exposure (3 ppm for 2 hr) was determined by measuri... | 0 |
44,214 | Examining acute health outcomes due to ozone exposure and their subsequent relationship to chronic disease outcomes | Ostro, BD | 1,993 | Current evidence indicates that individuals exposed to short term elevations in ambient ozone may experience both upper and lower respiratory effects. Some respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes are mild and reversible in nature, while others involve more severe outcomes, including hospital admissions and emergen... | 0 |
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