REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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84,512 | Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry in the troposphere | Ravishankara, AR | 1,997 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Heterogeneous and multiphase reactions on solids and in liquids, respectively, have the potential to play a major role in determining the composition of the gaseous troposphere and should be included in models for understanding this region and assessing the effects of an... | 0 |
84,514 | Carbon aerosols and atmospheric photochemistry | Lary, DJ; Lee, AM; Toumi, R; Newchurch, MJ; Pirre, M; Renard, JB | 1,997 | Royal Society University Research Fellow; NERC UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme. | 0 |
83,770 | Gas phase reaction of alkenes with ozone: formation yields of primary carbonyls and biradicals | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D | 1,997 | The gas phase reaction of ozone with alkenes plays a major role in tropospheric chemistry including urban air quality. The reaction of trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene and 2,4-dimethyl-2-pentene with ozone has been studied at ambient temperature and p = 1 atm of air (RH = 55% ? 10%) with sufficient cyclohexane added to scav... | 0 |
48,331 | Nocturnal wind structure and dispersion of pollutants: an analytical study | Singh, MP; Mcnider, RT; Meyers, R; Shekhar, G | 1,997 | #An analytical cum empirical formulation (AE formulation) is proposed to provide estimates of wind structure and plume width (and "sigma"y) over land for dispersion overnight. The formulation is an extension of our earlier studies (McNider, 1993, Atmospheric Environment 27A, 2199u2214; Singh, 1993, Boundary-Layer Met. ... | 0 |
15,663 | Effect of combined heat, ozonation and ultraviolet irradiation (VasoCareTM) on heat shock protein expression by peripheral blood leukocyte populations | Bulmer, J; Bolton, AE; Pockley, AG | 1,997 | The re-administration of whole blood subjected to heat, ozonation and ultraviolet irradiation (VasoCare therapy) has been shown to elicit clinical benefits in individuals with vascular disease. Given that these stressors induce heat shock protein (Hsp) expression and that heat shock protein reactivity is implicated in ... | 0 |
85,165 | A study of interferences in ambient ozone monitors | Kleindienst, TE; McIver, CD; Ollison, WM | 1,997 | null | 0 |
35,249 | Indoor ozone | Al-Ahmady, KK | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,267 | Reduktion von Lungenfunktionsparametern nach korperlicher Belastung in den osterreichischen Alpen bei Ozonkonzentrationen unterhalb der gesetzlichen Vorwarnstufe | Wittels, P; Neuberger, M; Hauck, H; Kanduth, B | 1,997 | The ambient ozone concentration has increased greatly over the past decades, which may lead to environmental health problems, especially during the summer. WHO guidelines recommend an 8 hour mean value of < or = 60 ppb ozone without health risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate if elevated zone concentra... | 0 |
84,406 | Are we measuring the relevant indoor pollutants? | Wolkoff, P; Clausen, PA; Jensen, B; Nielsen, GD; Wilkins, CK | 1,997 | National Agency for Housing and Building, Denmark. | 0 |
13,121 | Bronchoalveolar (BAL) and bronchial lavage (BL) fluid antioxidant responses to ozone (O3) in healthy subjects | Mudway, I; Giddens, S; Blomberg, A; Frew, A; Holgate, S; Sandstrom, T; Kelly, FJ | 1,997 | Previously we demonstrated that inspiration of 03 (200 ppb for 2 h) by human subjects results in the depletion of ascorbate (AH2) from airway lining fluid: Mudway et al., Eur Respir J. 1991; 9: 4375. To identify if this response occurred in both the upper and lower airways, an identical protocol was employed in the pr... | 0 |
83,610 | Nasal lavage biomarkers in air pollution epidemiology | Steerenberg, PA; Fischer, PH; Van Bree, L; Van Loveren, H | 1,997 | N/A. | 0 |
86,095 | Ultraviolet radiation revisited | Bergmanson, JPG; Sheldon, TM | 1,997 | It is likely that we currently receive a greater lifetime exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than earlier generations due to increased UVR reaching the earth's surface, our longer life expectancy, and increased activities in UV intense environments. This elevated UVR exposure is likely to lead to a higher incidenc... | 0 |
83,821 | Environmental contamination and human exposure assessment to manganese in the St-Lawrence River ecozone (Quebec, Canada) using an environmental fate/exposure model: GEOTOX | Loranger, S; Zayed, J | 1,997 | Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic derivative of manganese (Mn) used as an additive in unleaded gasoline. The combustion of MMT leads to the formation of oxides of manganese. The objective of the present study is to predict the environmental levels of Mn and the human exposure in the St-La... | 0 |
86,100 | DNA damage in nasal respiratory epithelium from children exposed to urban pollution | Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Osnaya, N; Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A; Villarreal-Calderon, A | 1,997 | The nasal cavity is the most common portal of entry to the human body and a well-known target site for a wide range of air pollutants and chemically induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) can be used as a biomarker of oxidant exposure and as an indicator of the carcinogenicity and mutageni... | 0 |
82,933 | Regional ozone from biogenic hydrocarbons deduced from airborne measurements of PAN, PPN, and MPAN | Williams, J; Roberts, JM; Fehsenfeld, FC; Bertman, SB; Buhr, MP; Goldan, PD; Hubler, G; Kuster, WC; Ryerson, TB; Trainer, M; Young, V | 1,997 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. | 0 |
48,496 | Responses to significant comments on the 1996 proposed rule on the national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter (December 13, 1996; 61 FR 65638) | null | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 |
35,015 | Characterization of treated effluent from a chemithermomechanical pulping process using macroporous resins | Agbekodo, KM; Huck, PM; Andrews, SA; Peldszus, S | 1,997 | This study developed a characterization of the organic matter remaining in a chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) effluent after biological treatment and evaluated the potential impact of this effluent when discharged into the receiving environment. The methodology employed involved fractionation with macroporous resin... | 0 |
26,760 | The influence of air pollutants on needles and stems of scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L) trees | Kurczynska, EU; Dmuchowski, W; Wloch, W; BytnerowiczA | 1,997 | The influence of air pollution on the chemical composition of needles and stem anatomy (cambium, phloem, and xylem) of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined in polluted and control forest sites near Warsaw, Poland. Foliar chemical composition was determined as an indicator of contamination of the trees examine... | 0 |
625,481 | Report from Exposure Workgroup on Health Effects of Ozone, convened by the U.S. EPA - March 25-27, 1997 | Weisel, CP | 1,997 | null | 0 |
47,581 | Time scales of surface ozone variations in the regional, non-urban environment | Vukovich, FM | 1,997 | A five-year (1985-1989) time series of the average diurnal maximum ozone concentration, O-3(t), was developed and examined in each of four 5 degrees latitude by 5 degrees longitude areas in the eastern United States. The time series was divided into four terms: the long-term mean, (O) over bar(3); the intra-annual pert... | 0 |
48,141 | Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using 222Rn and other short-lived tracers | Jacob, DJ; Prather, MJ; Rasch, PJ; Shia, RL; Balkanski, YJ; Beagley, , SR; Bergman, DJ; Blackshear, WT; Brown, M; Chiba, M; Chipperfield, M; De Grandpre, J; Dignon, JE; Feichter, J; Genthon, C; Grose, WL; Kasibhatla, PS; Kohler, I; Kritz, MA; Law, K; Penner, JE; Ramonet, M; Reeves, CE; Rotman, DA; Stockwell, DZ; Vanvel... | 1,997 | Simulations of 222Rn and other short-lived tracers are used to evaluate and intercompare the representations of convective and synoptic processes in 20 global atmospheric transport models. Results show that most established three-dimensional models simulate vertical mixing in the troposphere to within the constraints o... | 0 |
83,301 | The United Kingdom national air quality strategy | null | 1,997 | United Kingdom Department of the Environment. | 0 |
82,671 | Age-related changes in ventilatory and heart rate responses to acute ozone exposure in the conscious rat | Arito, H; Takahashi, M; Iwasaki, T; Uchiyama, I | 1,997 | To evaluate the effect of age on toxicant-induced pulmonary and extrapulmonary changes, we examined the effect of inhalation exposure to oxone (O3) on the ventilatory and heart rate (HR) responses in 4-6 and 20-22-month-old male rats. The rats, chronically implanted with an electrocardiographic (ECG) electrodes, w... | 1 |
30,130 | The role of temperature in determining the stimulation of CO2 assimilation at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations in soybean seedlings | Ziska, L; Bunce, JA | 1,997 | Soybean (Glycine max cv. Clark) was grown at both ambient (ca 350 Amol mol-1) and elevated (ca 350 Amol mol-1) CO2 concentration at 5 growth temperatures (constant day/night temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40?C) for 17-22 days after sowing to determine the interaction between temperature and CO2 concentration on pho... | 0 |
83,588 | Some consequences of ozone exposure on health | Paz, C | 1,997 | Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT).#The reaction of ozone with polyunsaturated fatty acids from the surfactant factor and pulmonary epithelial cells produces different reaction products which can cross the alveolar-capillary barrier and reach distant structures. Although only a few papers claim extrapul... | 0 |
50,008 | Physiological characteristics of tobacco cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to ozone | Antonielli, M; Pasqualini, S; Ederli, L; Batini, P; Moscatello, S; Loreto, F | 1,997 | Two cultivars of tobacco with contrasting sensitivity to ozone have similar photosynthesis at low light intensity, but at high light, photosynthesis of the sensitive cultivar Bel-W3 was lower than that of the resistant cultivar Havana. In contrast, the electron transport rate at photosynthesis saturated light intensity... | 0 |
30,097 | The effect of reciprocal treatments with ozone and ultraviolet-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of perennial grass Elymus athericus | Van De Staaij, JWM; Tonneijck, AEG; Rozema, J | 1,997 | #The impact on plant growth of the simultaneously changing factors of the global climate, rising tropospheric O3 concentrations and increasing UV-B radiation fluxes, has been tested in a combined glasshouse and growth chamber experiment. The saltmarsh grass species Elymus athericus was sequentially fumigated for two we... | 0 |
85,842 | Prolonged acute exposure to 0.16 ppm ozone induces eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects with allergies | Peden, DB; Boehlecke, B; Horstman, D; Devlin, R | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.BACKGROUND: Increased ambient ozone levels have been associated with increased asthma morbidity in epidemiologic studies. Given that asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and increased sensitivity to airway irritants, it has been suggested that asthmatic subjects may be ... | 1 |
47,574 | Space and time scales in ambient ozone data | Rao, ST; Zurbenko, IG; Neagu, R; Porter, PS; Ku, JY; Henry, RF | 1,997 | null | 0 |
82,745 | Short term variations in hospital admissions and mortality and particulate air pollution | Wordley, J; Walters, S; Ayres, JG | 1,997 | United Kingdom Department of Environment. Objectives - To determine the presence and magnitude of any relation between short term variations in ambient concentrations of particulate matter under 10 Am in diameter (PM10) and hospital admissions and mortality in Birmingham, United Kingdom. To find the relative risk assoc... | 0 |
86,094 | The aging skin | Bergfeld, WF | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,178 | Role of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in ozone-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness | Koto, H; Salmon, M; Haddad el-B; Huang, TJ; Zagorski, J; Chung, KF | 1,997 | Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) is a rat chemokine with potent chemoattractant effects on neutrophils. We determined the involvement of CINC in ozone-induced airway neutrophilia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in the rat. We found a marked increase in lung CINC messenger RNA (mRNA) within 2 h... | 0 |
84,076 | Investigation of gas-phase ozone as a potential biocide | Foarde, KK; Van Osdell, DW; Steiber, RS | 1,997 | Ozone has been used as a germicidal agent for drinking water since 1903, and its activity in the aqueous phase is well documented. However, despite the wide use of ozone generators for indoor air treatment, there is little research data on ozone's biocidal activity in the gas phase. This article presents experimental d... | 0 |
83,362 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory causes in Minneapolis-St Paul and Birmingham | Moolgavkar, SH; Luebeck, EG; Anderson, EL | 1,997 | We investigated the association between air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia among the elderly in Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Birmingham, AL, over the period January 1, 1986, to December 31, 1991. Pollutants included in our analyses were PM10 (particulate matte... | 0 |
55,121 | Implications of variations in photodissociation rates for global tropospheric chemistry | Krol, MC; Van Weele, M | 1,997 | Variations in global photodissociation rates in the troposphere are calculated and the consequences of these variations for tropospheric chemistry are examined. Most of the variations are due to the effects of clouds, surface reflection and stratospheric ozone. Parameterizations are developed and they permit the photod... | 0 |
83,791 | A spatially and temporally resolved biogenic hydrocarbon emissions inventory for the California South Coast Air Basin | Benjamin, MT; Sudol, M; Vorsatz, D; Winer, AM | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,586 | Reaction of ozone with protein tryptophans: band III, serum albumin, and cytochrome C | Mudd, JB; Dawson, PJ; Tseng, S; Liu, FP | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.#Treatment of red cell ghosts with ozone inhibited both AChE (marking the outside of the membrane) and G3PDH (marking the inside of the membrane). There was no change in tryptophan fluorescence of the ghosts after the ozone treatment. Band 3 protein was isolated from ... | 0 |
30,005 | Ozone and its known and potential effects on forests in western United States | Miller, PR; Arbaugh, MJ; Temple, PJ | 1,997 | California is the only state in the western United States where ozone damage to montane conifer forests is a significant problem (USEPA 1986). The combination of climate and high rates of precursor emissions from large urban areas in California results in levels of photochemical oxidant air pollution which are consiste... | 0 |
48,137 | Development and application of a new air pollution modeling system - Part III aerosol-phase simulations | Jacobson, MZ | 1,997 | Result from a new air pollution model were tested against data from the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) period of 26-29 August 1987. Gross errors for sulfate, sodium, light absorption, temperatures, surface solar radiation, sulfur dioxide gas, formaldehyde gas, and ozone were lowest among parameters compa... | 0 |
86,253 | Short-term effects of ambient oxidant exposure on mortality: a combined analysis within the APHEA project | Touloumi, G; Katsouyanni, K; Zmirou, D; Schwartz, J; Spix, C; Ponce de Leon, A; Tobias, A; Quennel, P; Rabczenko, D; Bacharova, L; Bisanti, L; Vonk, JM; Ponka, A | 1,997 | European Commission. #The Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach (APHEA) project is a coordinated study of the short-term effects of air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions using data from 15 European cities, with a wide range of geographic, sociodemographic, climatic, and air quality patterns. The ob... | 0 |
82,724 | Interaction of ozone and allergen challenges on bronchial responsiveness and inflammation in sensitised guinea pigs | Sun, J; Koto, H; Chung, KF | 1,997 | British Lung Foundation.BACKGROUND: Environmental pollutants such as ozone may interact with airway responses to allergen in sensitised individuals. METHODS: We examined the effects of a single exposure to ozone (1 ppm for 1 h) on bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) aerosol 3 and 24 h after single ovalbumin... | 1 |
48,152 | Observed OH and HO2 in the upper troposphere suggests a major source from convective injection of peroxides | Jaegle, L; Jacob, DJ; Wennberg, PO; Spivakovsky, CM; Hanisco, TF; Lanzendorf, EJ; Hintsa, EJ; Fahey, DW; Keim, ER; Proffitt, MH; Atlas, EL; Flocke, F; Schauffler, S; Mcelroy, CT; Midwinter, C; Pfister, L; Wilson, JC | 1,997 | ER-2 aircraft observations of OH and HO concentrations in the upper troposphere during the NASA/STRAT campaign are interpreted using a photochemical model constrained by local observations of O, HO, NO, CO, hydrocarbons, albedo and overhead ozone column. We find that the reaction O(D) + HO is minor compared to acetone ... | 0 |
86,268 | Role of tachykinins in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to cigarette smoke in guinea pigs | Wu, ZX; Morton, RF; Lee, LY | 1,997 | Acute exposure to ozone (O3) induces airway hyperresponsiveness to various inhaled bronchoactive substances. Inhalation of cigarette smoke, a common inhaled irritant in humans, is known to evoke a transient bronchoconstrictive effect. To examine whether O3 increases airway responsiveness to cigarette smoke, effects ... | 0 |
52,293 | A photochemical extent parameter to aid ozone air quality management | Chang, TY; Chock, DP; Nance, BI; Winkler, SL | 1,997 | Interest in semiempirical approaches for relating precursor emissions (VOC and NOx to ozone air quality has been renewed recently. Of particular interest is a semi-empirical approach [called Smog Production Model (SPM) or SP Algorithm] initiated by Johnson and coworkers. SPM defines a photochemical extent parameter, wh... | 0 |
15,733 | Replication | Cohen, AJ | 1,997 | Science places a premium on the replication of results. The ability to reproduce research findings is an essential defense against error. In its narrowest form, replication involves faithfully reproducing previous numeric results using the original experimental protocol. Its objective is to eliminate investigator error... | 0 |
12,279 | The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on higher plants | Greenberg, BM; Wilson, MI; Huang, XD; Duxbury, CL; Gerhardt, KE; Gensemer, RW | 1,997 | The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. [from introduction]The stratospheric ozone layer, which attenuates solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (290 to 320 nm), is being depleted by contaminants such as chlorofluorocarbons (Rowland 1989; Blumthaler and Ambach 1990; Frederick 1990; Frederick et al. 1991; ... | 0 |
35,515 | Photochemical effects in the heterogeneous reaction of soot with ozone at low concentrations | Smith, DM; Chughtai, AR | 1,997 | The soot-ozone reaction at low concentrations (ppm O3) has been examined to determine any influence of solar radiation on its products and kinetics. The effect of simulated solar radiation is to change the product distribution towards CO2(g), CO (g) and H2O(g) at the expense of soot surface functional groups formation.... | 0 |
80,079 | Projection of health benefits from ambient ozone reduction related to the use of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in the reformulated gasoline program | Erdal, S; Gong, H, Jr; Linn, WS; Rykowski, R | 1,997 | To estimate potential public health benefits from ozone (O3) pollution reduction attributable to the use of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline, O3 dose-response estimates from the biomedical literature were combined with model estimates of O3 reduction. Modeling employed EPA MOBILE5a and Complex models to p... | 0 |
86,207 | Lung stem cells | Otto, WR | 1,997 | The identity of putative stem cells in tracheobronchial, bronchiolar and alveolar compartments is reviewed. Their developmental appearance is described, as is the experimental evidence for their ability to repopulate areas of damage caused by noxious agents such as ozone, mineral fibres, chemicals and mechanical or enz... | 0 |
77,537 | Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland | Ackermann-Liebrich, U; Leuenberger, P; Schwartz, J; Schindler, C; Monn, C; Bolognini, G; Bongard, JP; Brandli, O; Domenighetti, G; Elsasser, S; Grize, L; Karrer, W; Keller, R; Keller-Wossidlo, H; Kunzli, N; Martin, BW; Medici, TC; Perruchoud, AP; Schoni, MH; Tschopp, JM; Villiger, B; Wuthrich, B; Zellweger, JP; Zemp, E | 1,997 | The effect of long-term exposure to air pollutants was studied in a cross-sectional population-based sample of adults (aged 18 to 60 yr; n = 9,651) residing in eight different areas in Switzerland. Standardized medical examination included questionnaire data, lung function tests, skin-prick testing, and end-expiratory ... | 0 |
82,687 | Effects of air pollution on emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses in Montreal, Quebec | Delfino, RJ; Murphy-Moulton, AM; Burnett, RT; Brook, JR; Becklake, MR | 1,997 | Minister of Health Canada. #As an approach to evaluating the public health burden from current air pollution levels, we examined the relationship of daily emergency room (ER) visits for respiratory illnesses (25 hospitals, average 98 visits/d) to air pollution in Montreal, Canada, from June through September, 1992 and ... | 0 |
82,704 | Effect of chronic daily ozone exposure on Clara cell secretory protein mRNA expression in the adult rat lung | Royce, FH; Plopper, CG | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.#Short-term exposure to the air pollutant ozone results in severe injury to the nares, trachea, and centriacinus. Long-term exposure, however, leads to a state of tolerance that is characterized by remodeling in the centriacinar airways and markedly reduced cell necro... | 0 |
44,046 | Effects of ozone on Pinus ponderosa seedlings: comparison of responses in the first and second growing seasons of exposure | Takemoto, BK; Bytnerowicz, A; Dawson, PJ; Morrison, CL; Temple, PJ | 1,997 | #The present study was conducted in 1989 and 1990 at Shirley Meadow, southern Sierra Nevada, California. The objective was to evaluate the effects of ozone (O(3)) on the physiological and growth responses of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. (ponderosa pine) seedlings. Seedlings were exposed to three levels of O(... | 0 |
85,111 | Implementation of revised air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,172 | Ambient air pollution exposure and cancer | Katsouyanni, K; Pershagen, G | 1,997 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between ambient air pollution exposure and cancer is reviewed. The well-documented urban/rural difference in lung cancer incidence and the detection of known carcinogens in the atmosphere gave rise to the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air poll... | 0 |
82,717 | Association between lifetime ambient ozone exposure and pulmonary function in college freshmen--results of a pilot study | Kunzli, N; Lurmann, F; Segal, M; Ngo, L; Balmes, J; Tager, IB | 1,997 | Human health effects due to chronic exposure to ozone (O3) have not been established due to problems with exposure assignment and the use of measures of lung function which may not reflect the site of O3 toxicity in the lung. We investigated the feasibility of retrospective assessment of O3 exposure-relevant covariates... | 0 |
82,676 | Association between ozone and hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities | Burnett, RT; Brook, JR; Yung, WT; Dales, RE; Krewski, D | 1,997 | The effects of tropospheric ozone on lung function and respiratory symptoms have been well documented at relatively high concentrations. However, previous investigations have failed to establish a clear association between tropospheric ozone and respiratory diseases severe enough to require hospitalization after contro... | 0 |
51,303 | An estimate of the potential significance of heterogeneous loss to aerosols as an additional sink for hydroperoxy radicals in the troposphere | Saylor, RD | 1,997 | #A simple analysis has been performed to estimate the potential significance for tropospheric chemistry of heterogeneous loss of hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals to aerosols. By comparing the magnitude of the heterogeneous loss as a function of mass accommodation coefficient and particle number density to the gas-phase chemi... | 0 |
82,654 | Ozone, suspended particulates, and daily mortality in Mexico City | Borja-Aburto, VH; Loomis, DP; Bangdiwala, SI; Shy, CM; Rascon-Pacheco, RA | 1,997 | Health Effects Institute; CONACYT-Mexico.#To investigate acute, irreversible effects of exposure to ozone and other air pollutants, the authors examined daily death counts in relation to air pollution levels in Mexico City during 1990-1992. When considered singly in Poisson regression models accounting for periodic eff... | 0 |
628,562 | Phospholipid peroxidation induces cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity: Membrane effects versus enzyme phosphorylation | Rashba-Step, J; Tatoyan, A; Duncan, R; Ann, D; Pushpa-Rehka, TR; Sevanian, A | 1,997 | Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is a signal-responsive enzyme that is highly selective to the nature of phospholipid substrates. A mechanism for cPLA2 activity regulation through a signal transduction pathway has been proposed and this signaling appears to be influenced by oxidants. Oxidant-mediated signaling of PLA... | 1 |
37,909 | Products of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with furan and tetramethylfuran | BerndtT; Boge, O; Rolle, W | 1,997 | Furan and substituted furans were found to be atmospheric reaction products of the OH radical-initiated degradation of conjugated dienes, such as 1,3-butadiene, cis-1,3-pentadiene,and isoprene. They are also products of combustion processes. The purpose of this work is to identify the primary formed stable reaction pr... | 0 |
82,726 | Acute exposure to ozone does not influence neuroreceptor density and sensitivity in guinea pig lung | Van Hoof, HJM; Van Acker, FAA; Voss, HP; Van Bree, L; Bast, A | 1,997 | The effects of acute exposure of guinea pigs to 3 ppm of ozone for 2 h on the receptor density and sensitivity of the muscarinergic-, the histaminergic- and the beta-adrenergic receptor systems were studied, in order to provide more insight in the complex mechanisms underlying the well known ozone-induced changes in re... | 0 |
83,361 | Association between air pollution and low birth weight: A community-based study | Wang, X; Ding, H; Ryan, L; Xu, X | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Department of Health and Human Services; National Research Service Award. #The relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution during periods of pregnancy (entire and specific periods) and birth weight was investigated in a well-defined cohort. Between 1988 ... | 0 |
86,223 | Emergency hospital admissions for respiratory disorders attributable to summer time ozone episodes in Great Britain | Stedman, JR; Anderson, HR; Atkinson, RW; Maynard, RL | 1,997 | There is accumulating evidence from various countries, including the UK, that ground level ozone concentrations are associated with increased daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. This paper estimates the impact of ozone episodes on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease in Great Britain by com... | 0 |
83,606 | Airway hyperreactivity produced by short-term exposure to hyperoxia in neonatal guinea pigs | Schulman, SR; Canada, AT; Fryer, AD; Winsett, DW; Costa, DL | 1,997 | Children's Miracle Network; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Airway hyperreactivity is recognized as one of the long-term sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Due to the improved care and prognosis of very low-birth weight infants, the incidence of BPD is increasing. There are data that suggest the incre... | 0 |
83,620 | Ozone-exposure depletes vitamin E and induces lipid peroxidation in murine stratum corneum | Thiele, JJ; Traber, MG; Polefka, TG; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Colgate-Palmolive Company.The presence of ozone (O(3)) in photochemical smog is an important health concern. We hypothesized that the stratum corneum (SC), as the outermost skin layer and the permeability barrier of the skin, represents a sensitive target ... | 0 |
83,426 | Trends and analysis of ambient NO, NOy, CO, and ozone concentrations in Raleigh, North Carolina | Aneja, VP; Kim, DS; Chameides, WL | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 |
82,720 | Chronic exposure of rats to ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol: biochemical and structural responses | Last, JA; Pinkerton, KE | 1,997 | Electric Power Research Institute; National Institutes of Health. Groups of rats were exposed to either 0.12 or 0.20 ppm of ozone, 20, 100, or 150 ppm of sulfuric acid aerosol (0.4-0.8 ?mu'm diameter), or their mixtures in whole body exposure chambers for up to 90 days. Matched control animals were exposed to filtered ... | 0 |
26,925 | Mean and variance change in climate scenarios: methods, agricultural applications and measures of uncertainty | Mearns, LO; Rosenzweig, C; Goldberg, R | 1,997 | Our central goal is to determine the importance of including both mean and variability changes in climate change scenarios in an agricultural context. By adapting and applying a stochastic weather generator, we first tested the sensitivity of the CERES-Wheat model to combinations of mean and variability changes of temp... | 0 |
656,632 | Ozone related chemical mechanism and mechanism modeling research in the department of environmental sciences and engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC | Jeffries, H; Yu, J; Gery, M | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,580 | Science, uncertainty, and EPA's new ozone standards | Lefohn, AS | 1,997 | null | 0 |
54,040 | Intercomparison of six ambient (CH2O) measurement techniques | Gilpin, T; Apel, E; Fried, A; Wert, B; Calvert, J; Genfa, Z; Dasgupta, P; Harder, JW; Heikes, B; Hopkins, B; Westberg, H; Kleindienst, T; Lee, YN; Zhou, X; Lonneman, W; Sewell, S | 1,997 | From May 29 to June 3, 1995 a blind intercomparison of six ambient formaldehyde measurement techniques took place at a field site near the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. The continuous measurement methods intercompared were tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, (TDLAS); coil/2,4-d... | 0 |
82,698 | Brain monoamine changes in rats after short periods of ozone exposure | Gonzalez-Pina, R; Paz, C | 1,997 | We have shown in our laboratory that cat's and rat's sleep disturbances are produced by 24 h of ozone (O3) exposure, indicating that the central nervous system is affected by this gas. To demonstrate the probable changes in brain neurotransmitters, we evaluated the monoamine contents of the midbrain and striatum of rat... | 0 |
52,435 | Temperature dependent NO2 cross sections at high spectral resolution | Harder, JW; Brault, JW; Johnston, PV; Mount, GH | 1,997 | The importance of nitrogen dioxide in both the troposphere and the stratosphere has been known for some years, and since the early l970s, spectroscopic determinations have played an important role in understanding NOx chemistry. Spectroscopic measurements of the atmosphere have improved in quality in recent years to th... | 0 |
82,599 | Association between ambient carbon monoxide levels and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in the elderly in 10 Canadian cities | Burnett, RT; Dales, RE; Brook, JR; Raizenne, ME; Krewski, D | 1,997 | We examined the role that ambient air pollution plays in exacerbating cardiac disease by relating daily fluctuations in admissions to 134 hospitals for congestive heart failure in the elderly to daily variations in ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and the coefficient o... | 0 |
83,363 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Tucson | Schwartz, J | 1,997 | John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Several recent studies have reported associations between short-term changes in both inhalable particles (PM10) and carbon monoxide and cardiovascular hospital admissions. Here, I seek to replicate those findings in a l... | 0 |
1,643,595 | [Environmental diseases, diseases of the 21st century? II. Asthma and atmospheric pollution] | Muller, M; Bartsch, P | 1,997 | null | 0 |
43,688 | Acid rain and ozone effects on gas exchange of Pinus ponderosa: a comparison between trees and seedlings | Momen, B; Anderson, PD; Helms, JA; Houpis, JLJ | 1,997 | We studied the effects of increased rain acidity and ozone on net photosynthesis (A), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (g1), and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) of tree clones and their half-sib seedlings of a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) genotype in the field. Branches... | 0 |
77,408 | Fine particles and coarse particles: Concentration relationships relevant to epidemiologic studies | Wilson, WE; Suh, HH | 1,997 | Fine particles and coarse particles are defined in terms of the modal structure of particle size distributions typically observed in the atmosphere. Differences between the various modes are discussed. The fractions of fine and coarse particles collected in specific size ranges, such as total suspended particulate matt... | 1 |
83,316 | Ozone and NO2 exchange to fruit orchards | Walton, S; Gallagher, MW; Choularton, TW; Duyzer, J | 1,997 | Critical levels proposed for ozone to protect sensitive plant species including cereal and fruit crops are exceeded throughout the rural U.K. in most summers. Negative growth rates can occur in ozone polluted air. Predictions of future crop yields based on pollution scenarios require information on the deposition rates... | 0 |
85,169 | Three dimensional visualization of ozone process data | Rickman, JE; Aneja, VP; Fine, SS; Jang, JC | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,566 | Ozone exposure and population density in Harris County, Texas | Carroll, RJ; Chen, R; George, EI; Li, TH; Newton, HJ; Schmiediche, H; Wang, N | 1,997 | TX Natural Resource and Conservation Commission; National Cancer Institute; National Science Foundation. We address the following question: What is the pattern of human exposure to ozone in Harris County (Houston) since 1980? While there has been considerable research on characterizing ozone measured at fixed monitorin... | 0 |
55,040 | The chemistry of the atmosphere and its perturbations through human activities | Calvert, JG | 1,997 | The chemistxy of the atmosphere results from a complex series of reactions that involve many atmospheric trace gases and that are initiated through sunlight absorption by ozone, formaldehyde and other trace gases. Within the troposphere, this chemistry forms ozone and many highly reactive intermediates and molecules in... | 0 |
85,901 | Reproducibility of retrospective assessment of outdoor time-activity patterns as an individual determinant of long-term ambient ozone exposure | Kunzli, N; Kelly, T; Balmes, J; Tager, IB | 1,997 | BACKGROUND: Long-term effects of ambient ozone pollution are not clearly established to date. Epidemiological assessment of these effects might benefit from improved exposure measures. Tools to retrospectively assess long-term time-activity patterns as a potentially important co-predictor of true exposure have not yet ... | 0 |
83,208 | Toxic oxidant species and their impact on the pulmonary surfactant system | Putman, E; Van Golde, LMG; Haagsman, HP | 1,997 | In this review the effects of oxidant inhalation on the pulmonary surfactant system of laboratory animals are discussed. Oxidant lung injury is a complex phenomenon with many aspects. Inhaled oxidants interact primarily with the epithelial lining fluid (ELF), a thin layer covering the epithelial cells of the lung which... | 0 |
37,994 | Atmospheric chemistry of benzene oxide/oxepin | Klotz, B; Barnes, I; Becker, KH; Golding, BT | 1,997 | The atmospheric chemistry of benzene oxide/oxepin, a possible intermediate in the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, has been investigated in a large volume photoreactor at 298 K and atmospheric pressure using insitu FTIR spectroscopy for the analysis. Rate coefficients of (10.0?0.4)I10-11 and (9.2?0.3)I10... | 0 |
53,371 | Nitric oxide emissions from agricultural soils in temperate and tropical climates: sources, controls and mitigation options | Skiba, U; Fowler, D; Smith, KA | 1,997 | Global annual NO emissions from soil are of the order of 10 Tg NO-N. This is about half the amount fossil fuel combustion processes contribute to the annual global NOx budget. Reducing the emissions of soil derived Nox requires an understanding of the source of the flux and the processes that determine its magnitude. A... | 0 |
83,640 | Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of proteins in ozone-treated erythrocyte membranes | Wrobel, A; Jezierski, A; Gomulkiewicz, J | 1,997 | The sulfhydryl group specific spin labels have been used to study the membrane proteins in the bovine and human erythrocyte membranes treated with ozone. The ratio hw/hs, determined from the respective peak amplitudes of the resulting EPR spectra of 3-maleimido-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrro lidine bound to the ozone ... | 0 |
82,703 | Rat lung phospholipid fatty acid composition in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats: relationship to ozone-induced pulmonary toxicity | Gunnison, AF; Finkelstein, I | 1,997 | National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences.Our laboratory has demonstrated recently that pulmonary inflammation induced by acute ozone exposure is much more severe in late stage pregnant and lactating rats than in post lactating rats or age-matched virgin females. It is currently widely believed that such pul... | 0 |
82,686 | Effects of ozone on macrophage adhesion in vitro and epithelial and inflammatory responses in vivo: The role of cytokines | Pearson, AC; Bhalla, DK | 1,997 | National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences.Inhalation exposure to ozone (O3) is known to induce epithelial and inflammatory changes in the lungs, characterized by neutrophilia and changes in epithelial permeability. Several cell types and their soluble mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necro... | 1 |
42,633 | Effects of tropospheric ozone on white clover plants exposed in open-top chambers or protected by the antioxidant ethylene-diurea (EDU) | Fumagalli, I; Mignanego, L; Violini, G | 1,997 | Tropospheric ozone concentration in a large part of Europe is high enough to cause visible injury to sensitive plants and several crop species. In this paper the results are reported of a research carried out within UN-ECE ICP-Crops co-ordination in 1994. Effects of tropospheric ozone on vegetation in the Milan (Italy)... | 0 |
83,307 | Comparing estimates of the effects of air pollution on human mortality obtained using different regression methodologies | Baxter, LA; Finch, SJ; Lipfert, FW; Yu, Q | 1,997 | Studies using regression techniques report their results using a variety of statistics. Evaluation of the consistency of findings, such as in a metaanalysis, requires calculating the statistical estimates of the effect reported in each study in a comparable manner. In this paper, we consider multiple linear regression,... | 0 |
83,572 | Long-term exposure to ozone alters peripheral and central catecholamine activity in rats | Cottet-Emard, JM; Dalmaz, Y; Pequignot, J; Peyrin, L; Pequignot, JM | 1,997 | Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie, Ministere de l'Environnement and Ministere de la Sante.In addition to its noxious influence on lung airways, ozone inhalation can induce extrapulmonary neural dysfunctions the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. This study was intended to characterize the... | 0 |
85,802 | Associations between outdoor air pollution and daily mortality in Brisbane, Australia | Simpson, RW; Williams, G; Petroeschevsky, A; Morgan, G; Rutherford, S | 1,997 | Australian Research Council.#The results of several studies have indicated significant associations between daily mortality and air pollution, with little evidence of a threshold. In the current study, the authors examined daily mortality during the period 1987-1993 for the Brisbane region, which is the fastest-growing... | 0 |
86,209 | Epidemiologic investigation to identify chronic health effects of ambient air pollutants in southern California Phase II final report | Peters, JM | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,785 | Effects of ambient particulate matter and ozone on daily mortality in Rotterdam, the Netherlands | Hoek, G; Schwartz, JD; Groot, B; Eilers, P | 1,997 | Research Fellowship of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.#The association between daily variations in all-cause mortality from 1983-1991 in Rotterdam, the Nether!ands, and ambient air pollution was investigated. Twenty-four-hour average concentrations of total suspended particulates, Black Smoke, ozo... | 0 |
86,179 | Raising ozone consciousness | Kramer-Howe, R | 1,997 | Introduction. Although many substances pollute the outdoor air in the course of each year's four seasons, ground level ozone is the preeminent summer pollutant in a majority of urban areas. In summer, ground level ozone-especially in combination with dust, pollen, and molds-is perhaps the most detrimental environmental... | 0 |
84,509 | The influence of aqueous-phase chemical reactions on ozone formation in polluted and nonpolluted clouds | Walcek, CJ; Yuan, HH; Stockwell, WR | 1,997 | National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Bundesministerium fur Bilding, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Germany. | 0 |
52,464 | Biogenic isoprene emission: model evaluation in a southeastern United States bottomland deciduous forest | Geron, CD; Nie, D; Arnts, RR; Sharkey, TD; Singsaas, EL; Vanderveer, PJ; Guenther, A; Sickles JE, II; Kleindienst, TE | 1,997 | Isoprene is usually the dominant natural volatile organic compound emission from forest ecosystems, especially those with a major broadleaf deciduous component. Here we report isoprene emission model performance versus leaf and canopy level isoprene emission measurements made at the Duke University Research Forest near... | 0 |
84,343 | Cyclic nucleotide gated channels as regulators of CNS development and plasticity | Zufall, F; Shepherd, GM; Barnstable, CJ | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; Kemper Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.; National Institute of Deafness and Other Communications Disorders; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Institute of Mental Health. | 0 |
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