REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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82,718 | Do smog advisories work? Results of an evaluation of the Canadian smog advisory program | Stieb, DM; Paola, J; Neuman, K | 1,996 | OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the Canadian Smog Advisory Program. METHODS: Telephone interviews covering perceptions, knowledge, recall of and response to advisories, and general views on their usefulness and effectiveness were conducted with 1,474 randomly selected individuals in four geographic areas. ... | 0 |
51,688 | Products of ozonized arachidonic acid potentiate the formation of DNA single strand breaks in cultured human lung cells | Kozumbo, WJ; Hanley, NM; Agarwal, S; Thomas, MJ; Madden, MC | 1,996 | In this study we examined the potential for environmental levels of ozone (O3) to degrade arachidonic acid (AA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid abundantly present in the lung, into products that can produce DNA single strand breaks (ssb) in cultured human lung cells. Human lung fibroblasts were incubated with 60 M AA th... | 0 |
80,741 | A method for assessing small airways independent of inspiratory capacity | Preutthipan, A; Frank, R; Weinmann, GG | 1,996 | Reduced forced vital capacity may confound assessment of small-airway function. In 17 healthy and 16 asthmatic volunteers, we validated a method for measuring mean expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity, mean expiratory flow during the third quarter of the forced vital capacity, instantaneo... | 0 |
81,073 | Ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) | Robinson, TR; Sargent, RR; Sargent, MB | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,281 | Distribution and determinants of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in school children | Linaker, CH; Chauhan, AJ; Inskip, H; Frew, AJ; Sillence, A; Coggon, D; Holgate, ST | 1,996 | OBJECTIVES: To assess the distribution of personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in school children, and to investigate factors that might influence personal exposure. METHODS: NO2 exposures were assessed by use of passive diffusion tubes for 46 children aged 9-11 years, selected from two Southampton schools. The... | 0 |
80,804 | 4-Hydroxynonenal mimics ozone-induced modulation of macrophage function ex vivo | Hamilton, RF, Jr; Hazbun, ME; Jumper, CA; Eschenbacher, WL; Holian, A | 1,996 | The Methodist Foundation; National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR-02558.#Ozone is a ubiquitous pollutant that can cause acute pulmonary inflammation, cellular injury and may contribute to the development or exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. Despite much research, the effects of ozone on... | 0 |
30,225 | Growth and partitioning in Pascopyrum smithii (C3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C4) as influenced by carbon dioxide and temperature | Read, JJ; Morgan, JA | 1,996 | #This study investigated how CO2 and temperature affect dry weight (d.wt) accumulation, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration, and partitioning of C and N among organs of two important grasses of the shortgrass steppe,Pascopyrum smithiiRydb. (C3) andBouteloua gracilis(H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud. (C4). Treatme... | 0 |
80,806 | Possible effect of air pollutants (Mexico City) on superoxide dismutase activity and serum lipoperoxides in the human adult | Hicks, JJ; Medina-Navarro, R; Guzman-Grenfell, A; Wacher, N; Lifshitz, A | 1,996 | The action of air pollutants, through their constituents, (O3, NO2, tobacco smoke) are capable of causing damage due to their lipoperoxidative properties or, indirectly, by inducing production of free radicals. As a consequence of photochemical processes, the ozone levels in the atmosphere of Mexico City are generally ... | 0 |
14,592 | Effects of air pollution on hematological parameters in passerine birds | Llacuna, S; Gorriz, A; Riera, M; Nadal, J | 1,996 | The effects of atmospheric air pollution on some hematological, and bioquimic parameters, of passerine birds were analyzed. The studies were undertaken in the area of Cercs (polluted area in Spain), where there is a coal-fired power plant that emanates SO2, NO,, and particles, and the area of St. Jaume de Frontanya (no... | 0 |
48,181 | Measurement of O3 and related compounds over southern Nova Scotia 1 Vertical distributions | Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Lee, YN; Springston, , SR; Newman, L; Leaitch, WR; Banic, CM; Isaac, GA; Macpherson, JI | 1,996 | As part of the North Atlantic Regional Experiment, the National Research Council of Canada Twin Otter aircraft was used to measure the concentration of O(3) and related compounds in the atmosphere over southern Nova Scotia. Forty-eight flights were conducted, primarily over the surface sampling site in Chebogue Point, ... | 0 |
80,755 | Greater ozone-induced inflammatory responses in subjects with asthma | Scannell, C; Chen, L; Aris, RM; Tager, I; Christian, D; Ferrando, R; Welch, B; Kelly, T; Balmes, JR | 1,996 | Health Effects Institute, contract 91-6-2.#In order to test the hypothesis that ozone (O3)-induced changes in lung function and respiratory tract injury/inflammation are greater in subjects with asthma than in normal subjects, we exposed 18 asthmatic subjects, on separate days, to O3 (0.2 ppm) and filtered air for 4 h ... | 1 |
42,660 | Response of white clover to ozone in different environments | Heagle, AS; Reinert, RA; Miller, JE | 1,996 | ABSTRACT The value of research on effects of O3 done in greenhouse or field exposure systems is often questioned because chamber environments may affect plant response. Foliar injury, chlorophyll, and forage weight responses of two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to ambient O3 were compared for plants gr... | 1 |
57,291 | Hydrocarbon and halocarbon measurements as photochemical and dynamical indicators of atmospheric hydroxyl, atomic chlorine, and vertical mixing obtained during Langrangian flights | Wingenter, OW; Kubo, MK; Blake, NJ; Smith, TW, Jr; Blake, DR; Rowland, FS | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,185 | Carbonyl products of the gas phase reaction of ozone with symmetrical alkenes | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D | 1,996 | The gas phase reaction of ozone with alkenes is of critical importance in atmospheric chemistry. Major uncertainties include the nature and yields of the carbonyl products and the subsequent reactions of the biradicals. In this study, carbonyl products have been identified and their yields measured in experiments invol... | 0 |
83,984 | Aerosol and trace gas measurements during the Mace Head experiment | Mcgovern, FM; Jennings, SG; O'Connor, TC; Simmonds, PG | 1,996 | Measurements obtained between the 9th and 23rd of April 1991 at the Mace Head remote maritime station are presented. These measurements were obtained as part of a EUROTRAC Air Sea Exchange intensive measurement campaign. Analysis of variations in the aerosol and trace concentrations is based on inter-comparison of the ... | 0 |
51,111 | Effects of air pollution on major organ systems | Bailey, BJ | 1,996 | Background Air pollution is a significant cause of health problems in the United States and around the world. Urban and rural outdoor environments contain toxic material that causes a variety of disease states and reduces the quality of life for everyone. Indoor air pollution is also a problem because of pollutants suc... | 0 |
80,828 | Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants, Vol. III of III | null | 1,996 | null | 1 |
755,238 | Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women | Blair, SN; Kampert, JB; Kohl, HW; Barlow, CE; Macera, CA; Paffenbarger, RS; Gibbons, LW | 1,996 | To quantify the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and to all-cause mortality within strata of other personal characteristics that predispose to early mortality. DESIGN--Observational cohort study. We calculated CVD and all-cause death rates for low (least fit 20%), moderate... | 0 |
2,251,970 | Effects of climate warming on fish thermal habitat in streams of the United States | Eaton, JG; Scheller, RM | 1,996 | The effects of climate warming on the thermal habitat of 57 species of fish of the U.S. were estimated using results for a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide that were predicted by the Canadian Climate Center general circulation model. Baseline water temperature conditions were calculated from data collected at 1,7... | 0 |
80,110 | Source attribution of ambient air toxic and other VOCs in Columbus, Ohio | Mukund, R; Kelly, TJ; Spicer, CW | 1,996 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment modeling was conducted on a data set of 142 3 h integrated air samples collected at 6 different sites in 3 separate campaigns during the summer of 1989 in Columbus, Ohio; source contributions to 19 light hydrocarbon and toxic VOC species, in... | 0 |
80,727 | Effects of ozone and airway inflammation on glutathione status and iron homeostasis in the lungs of horses | Mills, PC; Roberts, CA; Smith, NC | 1,996 | Marjorie Coote Animal Charity Trust.#OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ozone and airway inflammation on indices of oxidant injury in horses. ANIMALS: 5 clinically normal horses and 25 horses referred for poor performance. PROCEDURE: Blood, tracheal wash, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected be... | 0 |
80,789 | Air pollutants and respiratory hypersensitivity | Devalia, JL; Rusznak, C; Wang, J; Khair, OA; Abdelaziz, MM; Calderon, MA; Davies, RJ | 1,996 | Epidemiological evidence suggests that an increase in liquid petroleum derived pollutants is associated with exacerbation of allergic airway disease, and that the effects of pollution may occur 1-2 days later. Laboratory based studies have demonstrated that the pollutants responsible for the adverse effects on respirat... | 0 |
80,792 | Rates of glutathione synthesis in lung subcompartments of mice and monkeys: possible role in species and site selective injury | Duan, X; Plopper, C; Brennan, P; Buckpitt, A | 1,996 | Injury to pulmonary epithelial cells from chemicals that undergo P450-dependent metabolic activation and from gases such as ozone is highly focal. These studies examined the rates of glutathione resynthesis in pulmonary subcompartments (trachea, minor daughter/respiratory bronchiole and parenchyma) of mice and monkeys ... | 0 |
83,641 | Protective effect of substance P on permeability of airway epithelial cells in culture | Yu, XY; Undem, BJ; Spannhake, EW | 1,996 | null | 0 |
83,590 | Effektivnost' primeneniia preparatov ozona v kompleksnom lechenii paranazal'nykh sinusitov [The efficacy of using ozone preparations in the combined treatment of paranasal sinusitis] | Petrov, GM; Kudriavtsev, BP; Akulich, II | 1,996 | null | 0 |
51,879 | Causality, measurement error and multicollinearity in epidemiology | Zidek, JV; Wong, H; Le, ND; Burnett, R | 1,996 | #This paper demonstrates that measurement error can conspire with multicollinearity among explanatory variables to mislead an investigator. A causal variable measured with error may be overlooked and its significance transferred to a surrogate. The latter's significance can then be entirely spurious, in that controllin... | 0 |
80,769 | Down-regulation of canine airway mast cell function following exposure to ozone in vivo | Spannhake, EW | 1,996 | Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants PO1 ES03505 and P30 ES03819.#The influence of ozone on the function of airway cells involved in allergic responses is of particular interest due to the increasing prevalence of this environmental oxidant pollutant. In th... | 0 |
15,866 | Analysis of the national human activity pattern survey (NHAPS) respondents from a standpoint of exposure assessment | Klepeis, NE; Tsang, AM; Behar, JV | 1,996 | null | 1 |
80,762 | Exposure to environmental chemicals relevant for respiratory hypersensitivity: global aspects | Schwela, D | 1,996 | Trends of air pollutant concentrations that influence the incidence of respiratory diseases and might be influential for respiratory hypersensitivity are presented and discussed. Data for these trends are collected in UNEP/WHO's Global Environmental Monitoring System GEMS/Airwhich recently has been revitalized and redi... | 0 |
41,836 | Ultrastructure and some plasma membrane characteristics of ozone-exposed loblolly pine needles | Anttonen, S; Sutinen, ML; Heagle, AS | 1,996 | Tropospheric ozone is a widespread and phytotoxic air pollutant in the industrialized world and causes reduced growth in many tree species. It is therefore important that, for example, the responses of the economically important loblolly pine to ozone are determined thoroughly. The objective of the study was to determi... | 0 |
80,736 | Environmental factors and respiratory hypersensitivity: the Americas | Bascom, R | 1,996 | Diverse environmental exposure profiles exist in the Americas because of widely different climates, ambient pollutants, and bioaerosols in these continents. This paper reviews selected studies from the Americas that support the broad hypothesis that environmental factors contribute to respiratory hypersensitivity. Proc... | 0 |
53,020 | Critical levels for O3 for biomass production in white clover | Mortensen, L; Bastrup-Birk, A | 1,996 | null | 0 |
26,481 | Effect of ozone and sulphur dioxide on mycorrhizae of Pinus halepensis Miller | Diaz, G; Barrantes, O; Honrubia, M; Gracia, C | 1,996 | Little information exists on the effect of ozone (O-3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) on Pinus halepensis Miller. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of these gaseous pollutants alone or in combination on biomass and mycorrhizae of P halepensis. Seedlings were treated for 1 year with filtered air (control... | 0 |
15,758 | Design of multiple binary outcome studies with intentionally missing data | Williams, P; Ryan, L | 1,996 | #We discuss the design and analysis of studies involving multiple binary outcomes in which only a subset of these outcomes can be measured on each individual. Such studies with "intentionally missing data" may arise due to practical or economic constraints; several examples from toxicology serve as illustrations. A glo... | 0 |
80,219 | Exposure to environmental chemicals relevant for respiratory hypersensitivity: European aspects | Sivertsen, B; Clench-Aas, J | 1,996 | The need for assessing air pollution exposure on the individual and population levels is urgent, as health effects are observed at concentrations even below existing air quality guidelines (AQG). Typical European concentrations and trends over time of four main air quality indicators (nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide,... | 0 |
80,740 | Ozone and childhood wheezy episodes: results may have been confounded by viral infections and faulty equipment [letter] | Bentham, G; Brimblecombe, P | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
15,777 | Asma en poblacion infantil y su relacion con los contaminantes ambientales aereos de la ciudad de Mexico Un estudio de cohorte Mexico, 1991 Diseno metodologico [Asthma in a population of children and its relation to airborne environmental pollutants in Mexico City. A cohort study. Mexico, 1991. Experimental design]. | Meneses-Gonzalez, F; Romieu, I; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Huerta-Lopez, J; Ruiz-Velasco, S | 1,996 | We developed a panel study to evaluate the association between intermittent exposure to ozone and acute attack of asthma. The population study consists in 136 asthmatic children residents in the southwest and northeast of Mexico City. They were attended in the allergic services of the two main Pediatric Hospital of Mex... | 0 |
80,802 | Obtaining information about susceptibility from the epidemiological literature | Grassman, JA | 1,996 | Whether people become ill after encountering environmental pollutants depends on the magnitude of their exposure and their capacity to respond. Exposure and intrinsic response capabilities vary within the population. Those that become ill when the general population remains largely unaffected are considered to be highl... | 0 |
82,514 | Eye irritation, nasal congestion, and facial skin itching in relation to emissions from newly painted indoor surfaces | Norback, D; Wieslander, G; Bjornsson, E; Janson, C; Boman, G | 1,996 | As a part of the world-wide European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), possible relations between symptoms from the eyes, nose, throat, and facial skin, and exposure to emissions from recent indoor painting were studied. The study comprised 562 subjects, aged 20-44 years, from the general population in Uppsa... | 0 |
819,338 | Maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics of methanol | Pollack, GM; Brouwer, KL | 1,996 | We undertook the present project to elucidate the physiologic factors that govern methanol delivery to the developing conceptus after maternal methanol exposure, and to develop a physiologically based toxicokinetic model to describe methanol disposition in pregnancy. A multi-experimental approach addressed the goals of... | 0 |
41,280 | Ozone uptake in healthy adult males during quiet breathing | Wiester, MJ; Stevens, MA; Menache, MG; Mckee, JL, Jr; Gerrity, TR | 1,996 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Experimental measurements of ozone (O3) uptake are needed for validation of dosimetry model parameters and in predictions as well as for determining factors affecting uptake and for making comparisons between subpopulations or across species. In this study, 10 healthy adult male subjects w... | 1 |
80,821 | Mechanisms of cigarette smoke induced increased airspace permeability | Li, XY; Rahman, I; Donaldson, K; Macnee, W | 1,996 | <strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Increased epithelial permeability of the airspaces occurs commonly in the lungs of cigarette smokers. It is likely to be important in augmenting the inflammatory response in the airspaces and hence may have a role in the pathogenesis of emphysema. It has previously been shown that intratrac... | 0 |
80,782 | Ozone toxicity in the rat. III. Effect of changes in ambient temperature on pulmonary parameters | Wiester, MJ; Watkinson, WP; Costa, DL; Crissman, KM; Richards, JH; Winsett, DW; Highfill, JW | 1,996 | Pulmonary toxicity of ozone (O-3) was examined in adult male Fischer 344 rats exposed to 0.5 parts/million O-3 for either 6 or 23h/day over 5 days while maintained at an ambient temperature (T-a) of either 10, 22, or 34 degree C. Toxicity was evaluated by using changes inlung volumes and the concentrations of constitue... | 1 |
81,262 | Measurement of indoor air emissions from dry-process photocopy machines | Leovic, KW; Sheldon, LS; Whitaker, DA; Hetes, RG; Calcagni, JA; Baskir, JN | 1,996 | Presently, no standard test method exists to evaluate the various emissions from office equipment (e.g., ozone, volatile organic compounds, inorganic eases, and particulates) so it is difficult to compare data from different studies. As a result, the authors are developing a standardized guidance document for measuring... | 0 |
36,384 | Direct effects of ozone on the reproductive development of Brassica species | Stewart, CA; Black, VJ; Black, CR; Roberts, JA | 1,996 | A novel controlled environment system was constructed to allow the reproductive structures of small annual plants to be exposed to gaseous atmospheric pollutants independently of the vegetative com- ponent. The design and experimental application of this system, which permits up to 12 plants to be exposed simultaneousl... | 1 |
36,347 | Changes in growth, leaf abscission, biomass associated with seasonal tropospheric ozone exposures of Populus tremuloides clones and seedlings | Karnosky, DF; Gagnon, ZE; Dickson, RE; Coleman, MD; Lee, EH; Isebrands, JG | 1,996 | The effects of single-season tropospheric ozone (O3) exposures on growth, leaf abscission, and biomass of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) rooted cuttings and seedlings were studied. Plants were grown in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in open-top chambers with O3 exposures that ranged from 7 to 92 ppm-h. D... | 1 |
80,776 | Interaction of environmental chemicals with respiratory sensitization | Van Loveren, H; Steerenberg, PA; Garssen, J; Van Bree, L | 1,996 | The acute effects of the inhalation of air polluting agents have been examined by many research groups in both animal models and human beings. For instance, it is evident that exposure to ozone has toxic effects and can lead to lung function disturbances. For this reason it is likely that individuals suffering from COP... | 0 |
670,278 | Methodology for calculating inputs for ozone secondary standard benefits anaylsis: Part II | Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE | 1,996 | null | 1 |
37,982 | Gas-phase rate constants for the reacton of NO3 radicals with furan and methyl-substituted furans | Kind, I; Berndt, T; Boge, O; Rolle, W | 1,996 | Rate coefficients have been determined for the gas-phase reaction of NO3 radicals with furan and methyl-substituted furans at T = 295 ? 2 K in a flow system in the pressure range 6.8-200 mbar using N2 as carrier gas. The rate constants obtained with the relative rate method are the following (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1 unit... | 0 |
91,935 | Using a paired-catchment manipulation experiment to evaluate a catchment-scale biogeochemical model | Cosby, BJ; Norton, SA; Kahl, JS | 1,996 | Data from a paired-catchment manipulation experiment are used to evaluate a model of the biogeochemical responses of catchments to acidic deposition. The data are from the Watershed Manipulation Project at Bear Brook, Maine, USA. The model is MAGIC, (Model of Acidification of Groundwater In Catchments) which has been w... | 0 |
80,827 | Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants, Vol. II of III | null | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 1 |
90,212 | Measurement of nitric oxide in human nasal airway | Imada, M; Iwamoto, J; Nonaka, S; Kobayashi, Y; Unno, T | 1,996 | The nasal output of nitric oxide (NO) is known to be high, but there have been varying reports of the exact level. We attempted to establish a quantitative measurement of nasal NO, and looked for a possible relationship with nasal resistance, at rest and during exercise. Nasal airway ventilation was performed by using ... | 0 |
51,263 | Multiscale air quality simulation platform (MAQSIP): Source code documentation and validation | Odman, MT; Ingram, CI | 1,996 | Multiscale Air Quality SImulation Platform (MAQSIP) is a generalized coordinate chemistry transport model following the transformed equations of Srivastava et al (1994). MAQSIP solves the atmospheric diffusion equation in a user-specified coordinate system using process splitting. This generalization allows MAQSIP to b... | 0 |
80,779 | Progression of allergy and asthma through childhood to adolescence | Von Mutius, E | 1,996 | The reduction in asthma symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescence is not well understood. Nor can the differences in asthma prevalence and severity between the sexes, which reverse at puberty, be explained. It has been suggested that the improvement in asthma during adolescence may result from diminishe... | 0 |
54,806 | Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields | Odum, JR; Hoffmann, T; Bowman, F; Collins, D; Flagan, RC; Seinfeld, JH | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation; Coordinating Research Council; Chevron Corporation.#Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is considered in the framework of the gas/particle partitioning absorption model outlined by Pankow. Expressions for the fractional SOA yield (Y) are developed... | 0 |
80,785 | Lung damage linked to combined fine-particle, ozone exposure in new toxicology study | Cole, S | 1,996 | null | 0 |
43,785 | Incorporation of nasal-lining mass-transfer resistance into a CFD model for prediction of ozone dosimetry in the upper respiratory tract | Cohen-Hubal, EA; Kimbell, JS; Fedkiw, PS | 1,996 | Inhalation of ambient concentrations of ozone (a strong oxidant) has been reported to injure regions of the monkey and rat upper respiratory tract (URT) that contain little intraepithelial mucosubstances (regions lined by transitional epithelium) and to spare adjacent regions that contain abundant stored secretory prod... | 1 |
57,296 | Kinetics and products of the gas-phase reactions of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and trans-cinnamaldehyde with OH and NO3 radicals and O3 at 29672K | Smith, AM; Rigler, E; Kwok, ESC; Atkinson, R | 1,996 | #6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one is an atmospheric reaction product of the biogenic emission linalool, and trans-cinnamaldehyde is a model compound for dicarbonyls formed from the OH radical-initiated reaction of naphthalene. These carbonyl compounds react in the atmosphere, and photolysis and the gas-phase reactions of 6-meth... | 0 |
83,755 | Air pollution: brown skies research | Tattersfield, AE | 1,996 | Last Paragraph of Introduction. My aims are to try to give a broad overview of what is happening to ambient pollution levels in the UK and what is known about their health effects, concentrating on the acute effects of air pollution episodes. I shall also discuss the factors that help to determine the advice we should ... | 0 |
80,833 | The potential impact of ozone on materials in the UK | Lee, DS; Holland, MR; Falla, N | 1,996 | Recent reports have highlighted the potential damage caused to a range of media, including materials, by ozone (O3). The limited data available indicate significant damage to rubber products and surface coatings but either insignificant or unquantifiable damage to textiles and other polymeric materials at the range of ... | 0 |
82,693 | Inhibition of ozone-induced nitric oxide synthase expression in the lung by endotoxin | Pendino, KJ; Gardner, CR; Shuler, RL; Laskin, JD; Durham, SK; Barton, DS; Ohnishi, ST; Ohnishi, T; Laskin, DL | 1,996 | Burroughs Wellcome Fund Grant; National Istitutes of Health Grants ES04738, ES05022; fellowship from the American Lung Association. #Inhalation of the pulmonary irritant ozone is associated with an accumulation of macrophages in the lung. These cells, along with type II epithelial cells, are activated to release increa... | 0 |
44,251 | Effects of age, socioeconomic status, and menstrual cycle on pulmonary response to ozone | Seal, E, Jr; Mcdonnell, WF; House, DE | 1,996 | #The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age, socioeconomic status, and menstrual cycle phase on the pulmonary response to ozone exposure. Three hundred seventy-two healthy white and black young adults, between the ages of 18 and 35 y, were exposed only once to 0, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.30, or 0.40 ppm... | 1 |
19,405 | Long-range atmospheric transport of persistent organic pollutants, 1: description of surface--atmospheric exchange modules and implementation in EUROS | Jacobs, CMJ; Van Pul, WAJ | 1,996 | null | 0 |
48,185 | Observations of near-zero ozone concentrations over the convective Pacific: Effects on air chemistry | Kley, D; Crutzen, PJ; Smit, HGJ; Vomel, H; Oltmans, SJ; Grassl, H; Ramanathan, V | 1,996 | A series of measurements over the equatorial Pacific in March 1993 showed thai the volume mixing ratios of ozone were frequently well below 10 nanomoles per mole both in the marine boundary layer (MEL) and between 10 kilometers and the tropopause. These latter unexpected results emphasize the enormous variability of tr... | 0 |
15,793 | Vitamin A deficiency enhances ozone-induced lung injury | Paquette, NC; Zhang, LY; Ellis, WA; Scott, AL; Kleeberger, SR | 1,996 | The present study determined the effects of vitamin A (vA) deficiency on the responses to ozone (O3) challenges in two inbred strains of mice that are differentially susceptible to O3-induced lung inflammation. Susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and resistant C3H/HeJ (C3) dams at 2 wk gestation were fed test diets containing ei... | 1 |
52,421 | Meteorological mechanisms for transporting O3 over the western North Atlantic Ocean: a case study for August 24-29, 1993 | Moody, JL; Davenport, JC; Merrill, JT; Oltmans, SJ; Parrish, DD; Holloway, JS; Levy H, II; Forbes, GL; Trainer, M; Buhr, M | 1,996 | A large-scale view of O3 transport over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) in summer illustrates distinct sources of O3, and separate transport mechanisms are important at different vertical levels in the troposphere. The week-long period presented covers a sequence of O3 sondes released from Bermuda and encompass... | 0 |
80,805 | Long-term canine exposure studies with ambient air pollutants | Heyder, J; Takenaka, S | 1,996 | ABSTRACT: Dogs are often the species of choice as an experimental model for the study of pulmonary responses to long-term exposure to air pollutants in chambers simulating environmental or occupational exposure in man. Their lungs bear a reasonable resemblance to human lungs, they are large enough to allow serial measu... | 0 |
2,139 | Effect of air pollution in asthma and respiratory allergy | Peden, DB | 1,996 | Epidemiologic and controlled exposure studies of human volunteers have shown that exposure to a variety of pollutants induces asthma exacerbations. Interestingly, in the case of ozone, recent evidence suggests that this pollutant acts to enhance the effect of inhaled allergen in persons with asthma. These and other dat... | 0 |
80,830 | Ozone-induced decrements in FEV1 and FVC do not correlate with measures of inflammation | Balmes, JR; Chen, LL; Scannell, C; Tager, I; Christian, D; Hearne, PQ; Kelly, T; Aris, RM | 1,996 | Health Effects Institute, contract no. 91-6-2. #In order to test the hypothesis that changes in lung function induced by ozone (O3) are correlated with cellular and biochemical indices of respiratory tract injury/inflammation, we exposed 20 healthy subjects, on separate days, to O3 (0.2 ppm) and filtered air for 4 h du... | 1 |
42,860 | Estimates of regional natural volatile organic compound fluxes from enclosure and ambient measurements | Guenther, A; Zimmerman, P; Klinger, L; Greenberg, J; Ennis, C; Davis, K; Pollock, W; Westberg, H; Allwine, G; Geron, C | 1,996 | Natural volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were investigated at two forested sites in the southeastern United States. A variety of VOC compounds including methanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, isoprene and 15 monoterpenes were emitted from vegetation at these sites. Diurnal variations in VOC ... | 0 |
40,365 | Challenge tests to assess airway hyperresponsiveness and efficacy of drugs used in the treatment of asthma | Anderson, SD | 1,996 | Bronchial provocation tests are useful to diagnose and assess severity of asthma and to follow response to treatment. The tests used include those stimuli that act "directly" on receptors causing contraction of airway smooth muscle, e.g., pharmacological agents, and those stimuli that act "indirectly" by causing releas... | 0 |
42,840 | Time-dependent changes of inflammatory mediators in the lungs of humans exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone for 2 hr: A comparison of mediators found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1 and 18 hr after exposure | Devlin, RB; Mcdonnell, WF; Becker, S; Madden, MC; Mcgee, MP; Perez, R; Hatch, G; House, DE; Koren, HS | 1,996 | Acute exposure of humans to ozone results in reversible respiratory function decrements and cellular and biochemical changes leading to the production of substances which can mediate inflammation and acute lung injury. While pulmonary function decrements occur almost immediately after ozone exposure, it is not known ho... | 1 |
83,643 | Health risk evaluation and recommended guideline values for ozone | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,204 | Mast cells contribute to O3-induced epithelial damage and proliferation in nasal and bronchial airways of mice | Longphre, M; Zhang, LY; Harkema, JR; Kleeberger, SR | 1,996 | null | 0 |
6,688 | Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees | Mclaughlin, SB; Downing, DJ | 1,996 | null | 0 |
30,048 | Manganese deficiency enhances ozone toxicity in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L cv Saxa) | Mehlhorn, H; Wenzel, AA | 1,996 | Manganese deficiency was found to enhance ozone toxicity in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Saxa). This difference in plant sensitivity to ozone could not be explained by increased stomata1 uptake nor decreased abilities to detoxify superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide. Thus, manganese deficiency decreased tran... | 0 |
47,200 | Air pollution related to transport | Jones, RR; Hill, S | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
77,265 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory disease | Schwartz, J | 1,996 | John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Several recent studies have reported associations between short-term changes in air pollution and respiratory hospital admissions. Most of those studies analyzed locations where there was a high correlation between airb... | 0 |
51,122 | Photochemical ozone creation potentials for a large number of reactive hydrocarbons under European conditions | Derwent, RG; Jenkin, ME; Saunders, SM | 1,996 | A photochemical trajectory model is used to describe the ozone production from the oxidation of methane and 95 other hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight and NOx in air parcels advected across north west Europe towards the British Isles. By adding a small additional mass emission of each hydrocarbon in turn, additi... | 0 |
83,603 | Health effects due to interaction of nitrogen oxides and ozone | Hazucha, MJ | 1,996 | null | 0 |
17,831 | Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants | null | 1,996 | The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgates the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) on the basis of scientific information contained in air quality criteria documents. The previous ozone (O3) criteria document, Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants, was released in Au... | 1 |
50,066 | Effect of monitor probe height on measured ozone concentrations | Wisbith, AS; Meiners, GC; Ollison, WM; Johnson, TR | 1,996 | INTRODUCTION Over 1500 fixed-site ozone monitors are described in the site inventory maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USE PA)1 Ozone concentrations measured by these monitors are routinely used to determine the attainment status of defined urban areas with respect to the National Ambient A... | 0 |
81,263 | Toxicological considerations in evaluating indoor air quality and human health: impact of new carpet emissions | Dietert, RR; Hedge, A | 1,996 | This review article considers evidence regarding the toxicological impact of new carpet emissions on indoor air quality and human health. It compares emissions data from several studies and describes the dominant compounds found in those emissions. The toxicity of each of these compounds is assessed for animal and huma... | 0 |
80,745 | Environmental factors and respiratory hypersensitivity: experiences from studies in Eastern and Western Europe | Bjorksten, B | 1,996 | Allergy and respiratory hypersensitivity are the end results of an interaction in genetically susceptible individuals, exposure to allergens and adjuvant factors. The incidence of allergic disease (but not respiratory hypersensitivity) is higher in urban than in rural areas and in Western industrialised countries than ... | 0 |
187,218 | Needle ultrastructure and starch content in Scots pine and Norway spruce after ozone fumigation | Holopainen, T; Anttonen, S; Palomaki, V; Kainulainen, P; Holopainen, J | 1,996 | The ultrastructure of current and previous year needles of
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) Karst. was studied after
exposures to several different ozone concentrations (100 to 600 nL . L(-1)) and doses in a
chamber system. The ultrastructural changes observed in different exper... | 0 |
55,544 | Interactive effects of ozone and soil volume on Plantago major | Whitfield, CP; Davison, AW; Ashenden, TW | 1,996 | Plantago major L. ssp. major usually grows on trampled paths, tracks and gateways, and its root system is often restricted by compaction or by a limited volume of soil. In this heterogeneous environment, individuals close to each other will experience variable degrees of root restriction. As some populations of P. majo... | 1 |
80,721 | Policy statement: atmospheric ozone (accepted by the AMS Council 28 January 1996) | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
782,596 | Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases | Simonian, NA; Coyle, JT | 1,996 | Oxidative stress refers to the cytopathologic consequences of a mismatch between the production of free radicals and the ability of the cell to defend against them. Growing data from experimental models and human brain studies suggest oxidative stress may play an important role in neuronal degeneration in diseases such... | 1 |
82,084 | Impact of air pollutants on southern pine forests | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,288 | Hispanic environmental health: ambient and indoor air pollution | null | 1,996 | Air pollution has serious deleterious effects on health and is a public health matter of the utmost importance. The National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services Organizations (COSSMHO) believes that reducing exposure to air pollution is a priority issue for the Hispanic community because 80% of Hispanics (c... | 0 |
54,798 | Stress physiology - abiotic | Neuman, DS; Wagner, M; Braatne, JH; Howe, J | 1,996 | Introduction
Poplars display well-developed adaptations to environmental extremes. Yet, there has been no complete characterization of how any one stress factor influences leaf growth, how biomass is accumulated, or how roots function. As a result, we draw our information from several areas of stress physiology to desc... | 0 |
80,771 | Alterations in surfactant protein A after acute exposure to ozone | Su, WY; Gordon, T | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grants ES-02429, ES-04947 and ES-0256.The surfactant layer covering the gas-exchange region of the lung serves as the initial site of interaction with inhaled oxidant gases. Among the endogenous compounds potentially vulnerable to oxidative injury are surfactant prote... | 0 |
77,266 | Air pollution and daily mortality in Amsterdam | Verhoeff, AP; Hoek, G; Schwartz, J; Van Wijnen, JH | 1,996 | Stichting Sarphati, Amsterdam. #Few data are available on the association between the present low levels of air pollution in Western Europe and mortality. Daily mortality counts and the concentrations of black smoke, inhalable particles (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were... | 0 |
80,747 | Environmental toxins induce intracellular responses of airway epithelium through reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen | Rochelle, LG; Fischer, BM; Krunkosky, TM; Wright, DT; Adler, KB | 1,996 | National Institutes of Health grants HL36982 and HL 09063; Hoffmann La Roch, Inc., Nutley, NJ; Glaxo, Inc.; State of North Carolina. | 0 |
47,803 | North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993 summer intensive: Foreword | Fehsenfeld, FC; Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Volz-Thomas, A; Penkett, S | 1,996 | null | 1 |
76,986 | Health effects of outdoor air pollution | Bascom, R; Bromberg, PA; Costa, DA; Devlin, R; Dockery, DW; Frampton, MW; Lambert, W; Samet, JM; Speizer, FE; Utell, M | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Particles, SOx, and acid aerosols are a complex group of distinct pollutants that have common sources and usually covary in concentration. During the past two decades, the chemical characteristics and the geographic distribution of sulfur oxide and particulate pollution have been ... | 0 |
47,560 | Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause | Appenzeller, C; Holton, JR; Rosenlog, KH | 1,996 | The annual cycle of the net mass transport across the extratropical tropopause is examined. Contributions from both the global-scale meridional circulation and the mass variation of the lowermost stratosphere are included. For the northern hemisphere the mass of the lowermost stratosphere has a distinct annual cycle, w... | 0 |
48,184 | Measurement of O3 and related compounds over southern Nova Scotia 2 Photochemical age and vertical transport | Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Springston, SR; Leaitch, WR; Banic, CM; Isaac, GA; Jobson, TB; Niki, H | 1,996 | Chemical measurements of O(3) and other trace substances in the atmosphere over southern Nova Scotia, obtained during 48 flights of the National Research Council of Canada Twin Otter aircraft, provide evidence for a variable degree of processing associated with transport times ranging from less than 1 day to 5 days or ... | 0 |
80,791 | Ozone-induced alterations in glutathione in lung subcompartments of rats and monkeys | Duan, X; Buckpitt, AR; Pinkerton, KE; Ji, C; Plopper, CG | 1,996 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences 00628; Health Effects Institute; California Regional Primate Research Center grant RR0169.#The current studies were designed to test two hypotheses: (1)differences in steady-state reduced glutathione levels are responsible for subcompartment differences in susceptibi... | 1 |
57,479 | The epidemiology of skin cancer | Gloster, HM, Jr; Brodland, DG | 1,996 | BACKGROUND: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing at an alarming rate. OBJECTIVE: To discuss current epidemiologic data concerning the incidence, morbidity, environmental influences, predisposing, host conditions, precursor lesions, and prevention of melanoma and nonmelanoma (basal and squamous cell) skin cancer. ... | 0 |
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