REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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82,722 | Airway inflammation despite loss of bronchial hyper-responsiveness after multiple ozone exposures | Sun, J; Chung, KF | 1,997 | British Lung Foundation.The effect of single and multiple exposures to ozone (O3) on airway responsiveness and inflammation was examined in guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness, measured as acetylcholine concentration needed to increase baseline airway resistance (RL) by 250% (PC250), increased 1 h after exposure to ozon... | 0 |
55,134 | Detection and parameterization of variations in solar mid- and near-ultraviolet radiation (200-400 nm) | Lean, JL; Rottman, GJ; Kyle, HL; Woods, TN; Hickey, JR; Puga, LC | 1,997 | Nimbus 7 and Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) spacecraft measurements of solar irradiance both exhibit variability at mid (200-300 nm) and near (300-400 nm) ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are attributable to the Sun's 27-day solar rotation, even though instrument sensitivity drifts obscure l... | 0 |
84,356 | Review of national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter | null | 1,997 | This document describes EPA's plans and schedule for the next periodic review of the air quality criteria and national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM). This review will take into account newly emerging research on the effects of airborne particles on human health and the environment. T... | 0 |
83,989 | Epidemiology of pollution-induced airway disease in Japan | Miyamoto, T | 1,997 | Air pollution has been implicated as one of the factors responsible for the increased incidence of allergic diseases seen over recent years. Epidemiological studies in Japan demonstrate that atopic subjects living in urban areas are more likely to suffer from the effects of air pollution, with increased coughing, sputu... | 0 |
82,696 | Attenuated response to repeated daily ozone exposures in asthmatic subjects | Gong, H, Jr; Mcmanus, MS; Linn, WS | 1,997 | American Lung Association, California.#The development of attenuated response ("tolerance") to daily ozone (O3) exposures in the laboratory is well established in healthy adult volunteers. However, the capability of asthmatics to develop tolerance during multiday ozone exposures is unclear. We exposed 10 adult voluntee... | 1 |
83,795 | The correlation of temperature and rural ozone levels in southeastern USA | Olszyna, KJ; Luria, M; Meagher, JF | 1,997 | As a part of the southern oxidant study, a comprehensive air quality study was performed at a rural site in southern Tennessee. The observations performed between 25 July and 2 September 1991 included measurements of primary and secondary pollutants as well as meteorological measurements. Relatively high levels of NOy ... | 0 |
82,692 | Ozone responsiveness in smokers and nonsmokers | Frampton, MW; Morrow, PE; Torres, A; Cox, C; Voter, KZ; Utell, MJ; Gibb, FR; Speers, DM | 1,997 | Short-term exposure to ozone causes decrements in lung function, but predictors of responsiveness remain largely unknown. Ninety healthy volunteers (56 never-smokers, age [mean +/- SD] 25 +/- 4 yr; 34 current smokers, 13 +/- 9 pack-yr. age 28 +/- 1 yr) were exposed to 0.22 ppm ozone for 4 h, with exercise, in an enviro... | 1 |
77,645 | Summertime haze air pollution and children with asthma | Thurston, GD; Lippmann, M; Scott, MB; Fine, JM | 1,997 | In order to investigate associations between summertime haze air pollution and asthma at an individual level, 52, 58, and 56 children (ages 7 to 13) attending a summer "asthma camp" were followed during the last week of June in 1991, 1992, and 1993, respectively. Most of the subjects had moderate to severe asthma. Dail... | 1 |
83,575 | Allergen-irritant interaction and the role of corticosteroids | Davies, RJ; Rusznak, C; Calderon, MA; Wang, JH; Abdelaziz, MM; Devalia, JL | 1,997 | Studies of exposure to air pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) +/- sulphur dioxide (SO2), have demonstrated that these agents, either individually or in combination, increase the airway response of both asthmatics and allergic rhinitics to inhaled allergen. Other studies have demonstrated that exposure... | 0 |
83,576 | Mechanisms of pollution-induced airway disease: in vitro studies in the upper and lower airways | Devalia, JL; Bayram, H; Rusznak, C; Calderon, M; Sapsford, RJ; Abdelaziz, MA; Wang, J; Davies, RJ | 1,997 | Evidence from both epidemiological and laboratory-based studies suggests that increased exposure to liquid petroleum and gas-derived air pollutants [nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, and respirable particulate matter] may play a role in the clinical manifestation of both allergic and non-allergic airway disease. The mecha... | 0 |
84,317 | VO2max and haemoglobin mass of trained athletes during high intensity training | Gore, CJ; Hahn, AG; Burge, CM; Telford, RD | 1,997 | The correlation between relative haemoglobin mass (Hb mass, g x kg[-1]) and relative maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max, ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]) in 62 trained athletes (33 male runners, 12 male rowers and 17 female rowers) with national and/ or international competitive experience was examined. The correlation between H... | 0 |
84,538 | Emission of volatile organic compounds from furniture coatings | Salthammer, T | 1,997 | Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different types of furniture coatings have been investigated by test chamber studies under dynamic conditions. A total of 150 VOCs could be identified in the chamber air. Compound groups occurring most often were aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydr... | 0 |
84,379 | Analysis of PM10 trends in the United States from 1988 through 1995 | Darlington, TL; Kahlbaum, DF; Heuss, JM; Wolff, GT | 1,997 | General Motors Corporation. Because the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has changed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ambient particulate matter (PM), there is a great deal of interest in determining recent PM trends. This paper examines trends in PM10 (i.e., particulate mat- ter less t... | 0 |
82,870 | Contribution of biogenic nitric oxide in urban ozone: Raleigh, NC, as a case study | Aneja, VP; Roelle, P; Robarge, WP | 1,997 | Anthropogenic emissions from industrial and automotive sources within the confines of the city of Raleigh, NC have been documented by the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management, but no direct biogenic emissions of nitric oxide (NO) from soils has yet... | 0 |
83,584 | Changes in human serum antioxidant capacity and peroxidation after four months of exposure to air pollutants | Medina-Navarro, R; Lifshitz, A; Wacher, N; Hicks, JJ | 1,997 | Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT). #Twenty-one adult volunteers (aged 27-32 years), who had been living in Mexico City for four continuous months (physicians working as fellows) were studied the first and sixteenth week of their stay in order to learn the effects of the pollutants contained in Mexico C... | 0 |
86,735 | The effects of a specific tachykinin receptor antagonist FK-224 on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation | Aizawa, H; Koto, H; Nakano, H; Inoue, H; Matsumoto, K; Takata, S; Shigyo, M; Hara, N | 1,997 | We have demonstrated previously that tachykinin depletion by capsaicin prevented the ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and the bronchial wall oedema in guinea pigs. To further clarify the role of neurogenic inflammation in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, we investigated the effects of a specific tachyk... | 0 |
28,990 | NiepoLomice forest-A GIS analysis of ecosystem response to industrial pollution | Weiner, J; Fredro-Boniecki, S; Reed, D; Maclean, A; Strong, M | 1,997 | #The NiepoLomice Forest is located near the city of Krak?w (Southern Poland). Since the erection of large iron works in the 1950's, the forest has suffered from heavy pollution with SO2 and industrial dusts containing heavy metals. During the last 10 years this impact was significantly reduced. In the same period the N... | 0 |
84,195 | Air pollution and trends in asthma | Anderson, HR | 1,997 | null | 0 |
29,963 | Effects of fluctuating levels of ozone and nitrogen dioxide alone and in sequence on plant growth and photosynthesis | Mazarura, U | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,589 | Mechanisms of pollution-induced airway disease: in vivo studies | Peden, DB | 1,997 | Several studies have investigated the effects of ozone, sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on lung function in normal and asthmatic subjects. Decreased lung function has been observed with ozone levels as low as 0. 15 ppm this effect is concentration dependent and is exacerbated by exercise. A number of ... | 0 |
83,773 | OTAG recommends ozone controls tailored to pollution transport | Leclair, V | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,628 | Effect of ozone on metabolic activities of Escherichia coli K-12 | Komanapalli, IR; Mudd, JB; Lau, BHS | 1,997 | Chan Shun International Foundation. Escherichia coli K-12 cell suspensions in buffer were exposed to ozone at a concentration of 600 ppm. Measurements were made of cell viability, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione disulfide reductase, nonprotein sulfhydry... | 0 |
86,219 | Ozone, cloud, solar and UV-B levels at a low pollution, Southern Hemisphere, sub-tropical site for winter/spring 1995 | Sabburg, J; Parisi, A; Wong, J | 1,997 | null | 0 |
73,839 | Air pollution and life expectancy: is there a relation? | Brunekreef, B | 1,997 | The great smog disasters of the past have made clear that air pollution can kill people in a matter of days: extremely high concentrations of air pollution building up under conditions of low wind speed and stable atmospheric conditions have been associated with excess deaths in the Meuse Valley, Belgium (1930); Donora... | 0 |
82,708 | Mouse strain differences in ozone dosimetry and body temperature changes | Slade, R; Watkinson, WP; Hatch, GE | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.#Strain differences in susceptibility to inhaled ozone (O3) have been observed in mice, with C57BL/6J (B6) mice reported to be more sensitive than C3H/HEJ (C3) mice when exposed to equal concentrations of O3. To determine whether differences in the delivered dose of O3 to the lung c... | 1 |
83,593 | Responses of older men with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to prolonged ozone exposure | Gong, H, Jr; Shamoo, DA; Anderson, KR; Linn, WS | 1,997 | CA Air Resources Board.#We tested responses to ozone (O3) under simulated "worst-case" ambient exposure conditions. Subjects included 9 men who had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with subnormal carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (i.e., an emphysemic component) and 10 age-matched healthy men. Each ... | 1 |
625,251 | Smoking and in vitro fertilization: A meta-analysis | Feichtinger, W; Papalambrou, K; Poehl, M; Krischker, U; Neumann, K | 1,997 | Purpose: Including our own data and seven relevant publications from the literature, this meta-analysis aimed to establish the influence of the status of female smokers on the clinical pregnancy rate after the first attempt at in vitro fertilization?embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
Methods: We started to collect information ... | 1 |
86,191 | Obstructive lung disease deaths in the United States from 1979 through 1993 | Mannino, DM; Brown, C; Giovino, GA | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,224 | In vivo exposure to ozone produces an increase in a 72-kDa heat shock protein in guinea pigs | Su, WY; Gordon, T | 1,997 | Although several lines of evidence have suggested that oxidizing agents can induce heat shock proteins (HSPs) in vitro, little is known about the induction of HSPs during in vivo exposure to oxidants. Guinea pigs were exposed to ozone for 6 h and euthanized up to 72 h later. Proteins from lavage cells and lung tissue w... | 0 |
38,059 | Products of the gas-phase OH and NO3 radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene | Sasaki, J; Aschmann, SM; Kwok, ESC; Atkinson, R; Arey, J | 1,997 | #Naphthalene is the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in polluted urban areas. Naphthalene is present in the gas phase under typical atmospheric conditions, and its most important atmospheric loss process is reaction with the hydroxyl (OH) radical. The products of the gas-phase reaction of naphthalene... | 0 |
37,924 | Reaction of naphthalene and its derivatives with hydroxyl radicals in the gas phase | Bunce, NL; Liu, L; Zhu, J | 1,997 | Naphthalene is the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) found in urban air. It is reactive in the atmosphere under ambient conditions, its chief reaction partner being the hydroxyl radical, OH.. In this work, the reactions of OH. with naphthalene, 1- and 2-naphthol, and 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene were stu... | 0 |
84,434 | Epidemiologic evidence of an association between air quality and asthma | Leaderer, BP; Beckett, WS | 1,997 | N/A. | 0 |
92,949 | Interactive effects of soil nitrogen and atmospheric carbon dioxide on root/rhizosphere carbon dioxide efflux from loblolly and ponderosa pine seedlings | Griffin, KL; Bashkin, MA; Thomas, RB; Strain, BR | 1,997 | We measured CO2 efflux from intact root/rhizosphere systems of 155 day old loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Dougl, ex Laws.) pine seedlings in order to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the below-ground carbon balance of coniferous tree seedlings. Seedlings were grown in sterilize... | 0 |
87,107 | Hygroscopic properties of carbon and diesel soot particles | Weingartner, E; Burtscher, H; Baltensperger, U | 1,997 | AC Laboratorium Spiez.#Laboratory experiments were performed in order to study the hygroscopic properties of freshly produced carbon and diesel soot particles at subsaturations (i.e. at relative humidity <100%). Wetted carbon aggregates collapsed to a more compact structure. In contrast, the diesel combustion particles... | 0 |
84,627 | In vivo salicylate hyroxylation: A potential biomarker for assessing acute ozone exposure and effects in humans | Liu, L; Leech, JA; Urch, RB; Silverman, FS | 1,997 | Health Canada.#Ozone is known to yield hydroxyl radical, which may contribute to ozone-mediated lung injury. In the presence of hydroxyl radical, salicylate is hydroxylated to form 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA).There is no evidence of enzymatic formation of 2,3-DHBA. We hypothesized that salicylate hydroxylation... | 1 |
86,184 | Incidence of air pollution in the pulmonary surfactant system of the pigeon (Columbia livia) | Lorz, C; Lopez, J | 1,997 | Caja de Madrid Foundation. #BACKGROUND: The integrity of both pulmonary surfactant and surfactant producing cells, type II pneumocytes, is essential for normal pulmonary function. Almost all studies about air pollution effects on the pulmonary surfactant system have been performed by biochemical techniques, using atmos... | 0 |
51,291 | Mechanisms for the heterogeneous hydrolysis of hydrogen chloride, chlorine nitrate and dinitrogen pentoxide on water-rich atmospheric particle surfaces | Koch, TG; Banham, SF; Sodeau, , JR; Horn, AB; Mccoustra, MRS; Chesters, MA | 1,997 | The heterogeneous interaction of the stratospheric reservoir species HCI,CIONO2, and N2O5 with water-rich polar stratospheric particle mimics is characterized by the formation of solvated ionic products. Simple semiempirical calculations have been used to explain the nature of the species observed in infrared spectrosc... | 0 |
84,486 | The impact of aerosols on solar ultraviolet radiation and photochemical smog | Dickerson, RR; Kondragunta, S; Stenchikov, G; Civerolo, KL; Doddridge, BG; Holben, BN | 1,997 | Electric Power Research Institute; National Science Foundation; NASA. Photochemical smog, or ground-level ozone, has been the most recalcitrant of air pollution problems, but reductions in emissions of sulfur and hydrocarbons may yield unanticipated benefits in air quality. While sulfate and some organic aerosol partic... | 0 |
85,290 | Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma in four European cities: the APHEA project | Sunyer, J; Spix, C; Quenel, P; Ponce-De-Leon, A; Ponka, A; Barumandzadeh, T; Touloumi, G; Bacharova, L; Wojtyniak, B; Vonk, J; Bisanti, L; Schwartz, J; Katsouyanni, K | 1,997 | European Commission. BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to assess the combined association between urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma during the years 1986-92 in Barcelona, Helsinki, Paris and London. METHODS: Daily counts were made of asthma admissions and visits to the emergency room in adults (a... | 0 |
90,189 | Factors influencing indoor concentrations of nitric oxide in a Parisian intensive care unit | Mourgeon, E; Levesque, E; Duveau, C; Law-Koune, JD; Charbit, B; Ternissien, E; Coriat, P; Rouby, JJ | 1,997 | #In low concentrations, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) increases arterial oxygenation in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. When present in the ambient atmosphere, NO and its oxidative derivate, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are considered pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess whether the administ... | 0 |
26,586 | Evidence that ozone exposure increases the susceptibility of plants to natural frosting episodes | Foot, JP; Caporn, SJM; Lee, JA; Ashenden, TW | 1,997 | This study investigates the phytotoxicity of ozone during periods of natural frosts following long-term fumigation. Heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) plants were fumigated with ozone for 6 months at 70 nl l-1, for 8 h d-1, 5 d a week in open-top chambers. Natural frosting occurred within the chambers towards the en... | 0 |
85,281 | Design and methods of the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study | Mitchell, H; Senturia, Y; Gergen, P; Baker, D; Joseph, C; Mcniff-Mortimer, K; Wedner, HJ; Crain, E; Eggleston, P; Evans R III; Kattan, M; Kercsmar, C; Leickly, F; Malveaux, F; Smartt, E; Weiss, K | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health. The National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS) was established to identify and then intervene on those factors which are related to asthma morbidity among children in the inner-city. This paper describes the design and methods of the broad-based initial Phase I epidemiologic in... | 0 |
82,738 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: Collaborative studies: Part XII. Atrophy of bone in nasal turbinates | Harkema, JR; Catalano, PJ; Hotchkiss, JA | 1,997 | As part of the National Toxicology Program/Health Effects Institute collaborative study of the health effects of prolonged ozone exposure, it was observed that rats chronically exposed to ozone had marked histopathologic changes in the upper respiratory tract, including atrophy of the nasal turbinates. The principa... | 1 |
84,729 | Exposure to regular gasoline and ethanol oxyfuel during refueling in Alaska | Backer, LC; Egeland, GM; Ashley, DL; Lawryk, NJ; Weisel, CP; White, MC; Bundy, T; Shortt, E; Middaugh, JP | 1,997 | Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under c... | 0 |
25,022 | Dry deposition calculations for the clean air status and trends network | Clarke, JF; Edgerton, ES; Martin, BE | 1,997 | The National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) was established in 1986 to document the magnitude, spatial variability, and trends in dry deposition across the United States. Currently, the network operates as a component of the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet). Dry deposition is not measured directly in CASTNe... | 0 |
53,923 | Evaluation of a commercial pulsed fluorescence detector for the measurement of low-level SO2 concentrations during the gas-phase sulfur intercomparison experiment | Luke, WT | 1,997 | A modified pulsed fluorescence (PF) detector (Thermo Enviromnental Instruments, Model 43s) was used to measure low levels of SO2 in a rigorous, blind intercomparison experiment (Gas-Phase Intercomparison Experiment (GASIE)). The PF detector was able to detect as little as 30 pptv SO2 in a 25-min sampling interval. The ... | 0 |
53,601 | The tropospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds: a protocol for mechanism development | Jenkin, ME; Saunders, SM; Pilling, MJ | 1,997 | Kinetic and mechanistic data relevant to the tropospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used to define a series of rules for the construction of detailed degradation schemes for use in numerical models. These rules are intended to apply to the treatment of a wide range of non-aromatic hydrocarbons ... | 0 |
83,624 | The histological correlates of cellular detoxification mechanism | Kohen, E; Hirschberg, JG | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,288 | Air pollution and mortality in Philadelphia, 1974-1988 | Kelsall, JE; Samet, JM; Zeger, SL; Xu, J | 1,997 | Health Effects Institute. #Analyses involving data from many locations throughout the world have now been conducted to assess the association between air pollution and mortality. To date, six independent analyses of mortality data for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have been reported. In this new analysis of Philadelphia ... | 0 |
82,736 | Mortality in the elderly and ambient ozone concentration during the hot summer, 1994, in Belgium | Sartor, F; Demuth, C; Snacken, R; Walckiers, D | 1,997 | #Extensive investigations were carried out to study the relationship between daily mortality in the elderly, outdoor air temperature, and ozone concentration observed in Belgium during the hot summer, 1994. The two environmental variables were assessed through mean daily temperature and 24-hr ozone concentration, both ... | 0 |
52,771 | Nutrition and the ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) II Carbon balance, water-use efficiency and nutritional status of the whole plant | Maurer, S; Matyssek, R | 1,997 | Cuttings of a single birch clone (Betula pendula) were grown in field fumigation chambers throughout the growing season in either filtered air (control) or 90/40 nl O3 I-I (day/night), both regimes being split into high and low nutrient supply. High nutrition was neither advantageous for maintaining the photosynthetic ... | 0 |
84,272 | A new ozone standard in the United States | Lefohn, AS | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,096 | Time course of airway epithelial and inflammatory changes in rats exposed to moderate levels of ozone | Bhalla, DK; Hoffman, L | 1,997 | null | 0 |
43,784 | Simulating the growth of a 160-year-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum) tree with and without ozone exposure using the TREGRO model | Retzlaff, WA; Weinstein, DA; Laurence, JA; Gollands, B | 1,997 | In this study, the simulation model TREGRO was pararneterized from published phenology and allometry data to produce a 160-year-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) tree following a 3-year model simulation. The simulated TREGRO sugar maple tree was calibrated so that (1) the modeled carbon (C) gain in each of the tr... | 0 |
83,591 | Comparative evaluation of methods for estimating potential human exposure to ozone: Photochemical modeling and ambient monitoring | Georgopoulos, PG; Purushothaman, V; Chiou, R | 1,997 | NJ Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Photochemical modeling and ambient monitoring of ground-level ozone concentrations provide two alternative/complementary methods for calculating potential population exposure estimates. A comparative evaluation of these methods was underta... | 1 |
83,799 | Modelling studies of NO3 nighttime chemistry and its effects on subsequent ozone formation | Dimitroulopoulou, C; Marsh, ARW | 1,997 | A photochemical box model (NITE-UP) supplied with an updated and additional daytime and nighttime chemical scheme, has been applied to nighttime emissions from a major city (London). Studies have been made of the importance of the temperature-dependent rate constant of the homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction <br> <b... | 0 |
53,949 | High-latitude springtime photochemistry Part I: NOx, PAN and ozone relationships | Beine, HJ; Jaffe, DA; Herring, JA; Kelley, JA; Krognes, T; Stordal, F | 1,997 | National Science Foundation. A seven-year record of surface ozone measurements from Denali National Park, Alaska shows a persistent spring maximum. These data, combined with measurements of NOx , hydrocarbons, O3, and PAN from a continental site in Alaska during the spring of 1995 are used as the basis for a sensitivit... | 0 |
91,560 | Public acceptability thresholds of clearcutting to maintain visual quality of boreal balsam fir landscapes | Paquet, J; Belanger, L | 1,997 | Clearcutting transforms forest landscapes by creating important visual contrasts between cut areas and adjacent stands. The object of this study was to determine if it is possible to harvest a certain proportion of the visible landscape while maintaining a visually acceptable setting in the social and ecological contex... | 0 |
86,092 | Effects of ozone on normal and potentially sensitive human subjects. Part I: Airway inflammation and responsiveness to ozone in normal and asthmatic subjects | Balmes, JR; Aris, RM; Chen, LL; Scannell, C; Tager, IB; Finkbeiner, W; Christian, D; Kelly, T; Hearne, PQ; Ferrando, R; Welch, B | 1,997 | We report here the results of a multiphase project to assess the significance of airway responsiveness and airway injury in ozone (03)* sensitivity. In Phase I, we measured the preexposure methacholine responsiveness of 86 normal subjects and then exposed these subjects to 0.2 ppm O3 for 4 hours with moderate exercise.... | 1 |
13,308 | DNA damage in the nasal passageway: a literature review | Mathison, BH; Harman, AE; Bogdanffy, MS | 1,997 | The purpose of this review is to provide a compilation of work examining DNA damage in the nasal cavity. There are numerous methods to identify and quantify damage to DNA and the diversity of methods and toxicological endpoints is illustrated by the range of studies presented here. There area large number of independen... | 0 |
85,300 | Meta-analyse et fonctions dose-reponse des effets respiratoires de la pollution atmospherique [Meta-analysis and dose-reponse functions of respiratory effects of air pollution] | Zmirou, D; Balducci, F; Dechenaux, J; Piras, A; Filippi, F; Benoit-Guyod, JL | 1,997 | A Meta-analysis was conducted on 107 original epidemiological papers published between 1980 and 1993 on the respiratory health impact of suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. These are the usual air quality indicators that are monitored in urban ambient air. The range of exposures that were s... | 0 |
670,022 | Aquatic toxicity testing of lubricants: Sample preparation and results interpretation | null | 1,997 | TD3: Copyright American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428, USA. This document is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility... | 0 |
86,266 | Site- and cell-specific alteration of lung copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases by chronic ozone exposure | Weller, BL; Crapo, JD; Slot, J; Posthuma, G; Plopper, CG; Pinkerton, KE | 1,997 | #The antioxidant enzymes copper/zinc (Cu-Zn) and manganese (Mn) superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been implicated in protection of the lungs from oxidant damage. Mn SOD in particular may be related to acquired tolerance in cells following chronic ozone exposure. In order to study these protective and adaptive phen... | 0 |
15,668 | Distribution of the total unsaturation in lipid components of plasma as a new differential diagnostic method in clinical analysis | Poznyak, TI; Kiseleva, EV; Turkina, TI | 1,997 | Using ozonization and thin-layer chromatographic methods we determined the qualitative and quantitative correlation of unsaturation distribution (UD) in individual fractions of blood plasma lipids in children suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The research was aimed at elucidation of biochemical... | 0 |
26,482 | The impacts of climate change and pollution on forest pests | Docherty, M; Salt, DT; Holopainen, JK | 1,997 | INTRO.The quality of air in the environment we inhabit has been changing for over two centuries, since the industrial revolution. Industrial processes have caused increases in airborne pollutants, among them SO2 and NON, leading to acid rain, ozone formation and increased nitrogen deposition, along- side increased ultr... | 0 |
83,629 | Environmental risk factors in atopic asthma | Koren, HS | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.The evidence that asthma is increasing in prevalence is compelling. This trend has been demonstrated not only in the US, but also in the UK, New Zealand, Australia and several other Western countries. The causes of this increase are not known, but both indoor and outdoor air polluti... | 0 |
28,938 | Growth and water use of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg) exposed to ozone and simulated acidic precipitation for four growing seasons | Laurence, JA; Amundson, RG; Kohut, RJ; Weinstein, DA | 1,997 | Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) saplings from a pristine site in Maine were transplanted in native soil to 360 liter pots and relocated to Ithaca, New York. After a 1 yr establishment period, 90 saplings were chosen for use, assigned to treatments, placed in large open-top chambers, and exposed to ozone (0.5 to 2.0 x a... | 0 |
47,177 | Ozone air pollution and human mortality | Thurston, GD | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,108 | Air pollution and allergy: experimental studies on modulation of allergen release from pollen by air pollutants | Behrendt, H; Becker, WM; Fritzsche, C; Sliwa-Tomczok, W; Tomczok, J; Friedrichs, KH; Ring, J | 1,997 | Projekt Umwelt und Gesundheit Baden Wurttemberg, Federal Republic of Germany. The fact that allergic diseases increase in prevalence is a generally accepted and worldwide phenomenon. The causes for this increase are not known: only hypothetical concepts exist. Epidemiological studies comparing Eastern and Western Europ... | 0 |
29,461 | An overview of the tropospheric OH photochemistry experiment, Fritz Peak/Idaho Hill, Colorado, fall 1993 | Mount, GH; Williams, EJ | 1,997 | `An extensive study of tropospheric photochemical trace species, including the hydroxyl radical OH was conducted in the Colorado Rocky Mountains from early August to early October 1993. Many of the parameters that influence the abundance of OH in the atmosphere, including j(O-3 and NO2), formaldehyde, nonmethane hydroc... | 0 |
84,568 | Potential air quality effects of using ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: a field study in Albuquerque, New Mexico | Gaffney, JS; Marley, NA; Martin, RS; Dixon, RW; Reyes, LG; Popp, CJ | 1,997 | The use of alternate fuels has been proposed as a method of improving urban air quality by reducing combustion- related pollution. One such program mandates the use of oxygenates in the wintertime to reduce CO emissions in cities such as Albuquerque, NM. A field study was conducted in Albuquerque to determine the atmos... | 0 |
83,616 | Ozone-induced augmentation of eicosanoid metabolism in human nasal mucosa in vitro | Schierhorn, K; Zhang, M; Kacy, M; Kunkel, G | 1,997 | Projects Environment and Health, Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany.The increase in airway responsiveness induced by ozone exposure is associated with airway inflammation as evidenced by an increase in inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase product formation found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid... | 0 |
86,258 | The effect of ozone exposure on the release of eicosanoids in guinea-pig BAL fluid in relation to cellular damage and inflammation | Van Hoof, HJM; Zijlstra, FJ; Voss, HP; Garrelds, IM; Dormans, JAMA; Van Bree, L; Bast, A | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,167 | Measurement of nitrogen oxides emissions from intensively managed agricultural soil in North Carolina | Li, Y; Brittig, J; Rickman, J; Kim, DS; Roba | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,173 | Sensitivity to ozone: could it be related to an individual's complement of antioxidants in lung epithelium lining fluid? | Kelly, FJ; Mudway, IS | 1,997 | Ozone, though not a free radical species, mediates its toxic effects through free radical reactions as a consequence of its high redox potential. Upon inspiration the first physical interface encountered by ozone is a thin layer of aqueous material, the epithelium lining fluid (ELF) which overlays, and is partially der... | 0 |
86,180 | The semi-individual study in air pollution epidemiology: a valid design as compared to ecologic studies | Kunzli, N; Tager, IB | 1,997 | Pulmone Fund, Switzerland; Swiss National Research Fund. | 0 |
85,594 | Measuring quality of life: economic, social, and subjective indicators | Diener, E; Suh, E | 1,997 | null | 0 |
84,363 | Air pollution and doctors' house calls: results from the ERPURS system for monitoring the effects of air pollution on public health in greater Paris, France, 1991-1995 | Medina, S; Le Tertre, A; Quenel, P; Le Moullec, Y; Lameloise, P; Guzzo, JC; Festy, B; Ferry, R; Dab, W | 1,997 | Conseil Regional d'Ile-de-France; Ministere de la Sante; Agence pour le developpement et la Maitrise de l'Energie; Ministere de l'Environnement; EDF-GDF; Reseau National de Sante Publique. #This study examines short-term relationships between doctors' house calls and urban air pollution in Greater Paris for the period ... | 0 |
83,079 | Ozone effect [letter] | Stanisstreet, M; Boyes, E | 1,997 | null | 0 |
651,684 | Developments in the application of impact assessment methodologies for pollution prevention | Bare, JC; Cicmanec, J; Cabezas HBTID; Chemical Toxicology an International Journal for Rapid, C | 1,997 | Pollution prevention requires the assessment of various multimedia environmental impacts to ensure that the alternative selected most closely represents the environmental goals and priorities of the facility. While some facility's environmental policies are easy to assess (e.g., reduce TRI emissions), others require a ... | 0 |
84,543 | Measurements of the hydroxyl radical in a manipulated but realistic indoor environment | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC | 1,997 | #Using an indirect technique to obtain a time-integrated signal, we have detected and quantified the hydroxyl radical (OH) in a commercial building. For the purpose of the measurements, the conditions in the office setting were manipulated, but they were representative of conditions that occur naturally. During monitor... | 0 |
95,702 | Air analysis: determination of ozone by chemiluminescence | Jimenez, AM; Navas, MJ; Galan, G | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,124 | Chamber exposures of children to mixed ozone, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid | Linn, WS; Gong, H, Jr; Shamoo, DA; Anderson, KR; Avol, EL | 1,997 | To help assess acute health effects of summer air pollution in the eastern United States, we simulated ambient "acid summer haze" as closely as was practical in a laboratory chamber. We exposed young volunteers who were thought to be sensitive to this pollutant mixture on the basis of previous epidemiologic evidence. S... | 0 |
85,881 | Ozone generation by indoor, electrostatic air cleaners | Boelter, KJ; Davidson, JH | 1,997 | This experimental study extends prior studies to consider the influences of discharge polarity, current, relative humidity, air temperature, and wire diameter and material on ozone generation rate in two-stage, wire-plate indoor air cleaners. Promising methods of decreasing the quantity of ozone released into living an... | 0 |
57,373 | The Pacific exploratory mission-west phase B: February-March, 1994 | Hoell, JM; Davis, DD; Liu, SC; Newell, RE; Akimoto, H; Mcneal, RJ; Bendura, RJ | 1,997 | The NASA Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Western Pacific Ocean (PEM-West) is a major component of the East Asia/North Pacific Regional Study (APARE), a project within the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Program. The broad objectives of the PEM-West/APARE initiative are to study chemical processes a... | 0 |
84,377 | Characterization of air quality problems in five Finnish indoor ice arenas | Pennanen, AS; Salonen, RO; Alm, S; Jantunen, MJ; Pasanen, P | 1,997 | Ministry of Education in Finland. The air quality in five Finnish ice arenas with different volumes, ventilation systems, and resurfacer power sources (propane, gasoline, electric) was monitored during a usual training evening and a standardized, simulated ice hockey game. The measurements included continuous recording... | 0 |
84,417 | Chemical and biological evaluation of building material emissions II Approaches for setting indoor air standards or guidelines for chemicals | Nielsen, GD; Hansen, LF; Wolkoff, P | 1,997 | Measured emissions from building materials (Part 1, Nielsen et al., 1996), were evaluated for their sensory effects, odour and irritation, as well as for health effects. The procedures adopted are general. First, if established indoor air standards or guidelines are available, they are to be preferred for the evaluatio... | 0 |
83,602 | Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Effects of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone exposures | Rigas, ML; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health. #Investigators used an ozone bolus inhalation method to study the effects of continuous exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide on ozone absorption in the conducting airways of human lungs. Healthy, young nonsmokers (6 males, 6 females) were exposed on separate days for 2 ... | 1 |
83,614 | Interaction of ozone exposure with airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride in sensitized guinea pigs | Sun, J; Chung, KF | 1,997 | British Lung Foundation; BUPA Foundation.The effect of prior ozone (O3) exposure on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) has been investigated in TMA-sensitized guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness was measured as the concentration of acetylcholine needed to increase baseline... | 0 |
80,410 | Biomass equations for sixty-five North American tree species | Ter-Mikaelian, MT; Korzukhin, MD | 1,997 | The paper presents a comprehensive review of the biomass equations for 65 North American tree species. All equations are of the form M = aDb, where M is the oven-dry weight of the biomass component of a tree (kg), D is diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm), and a and b are parameters. Equations for the following tree co... | 0 |
73,856 | Interpolating air pollution for health impact assessment | Zidek, JV | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,600 | Responses of rat nasal epithelium to short- and long-term exposures of ozone: image analysis of epithelial injury, adaptation and repair | Harkema, JR; Barr, EB; Hotchkiss, JA | 1,997 | Health Effects Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.This article reviews the use of computerized image analysis and standard morphologic techniques to characterize the responses of nasal epithelium in laboratory rats to single or repeated exposures to a common urban air-pollutant, ozone. Alterations in ... | 0 |
30,001 | Will elevated CO2 concentrations protect the yield of wheat from O3 damage? | Mckee, IF; Bullimore, JF; Long, SP | 1,997 | This study investigated the interacting effects of carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wembley). Plants were exposed from time of sowing to harvest to reciprocal combinations of two carbon dioxide and two ozone treatments: [CO2] at 350 or 700 nmol mo... | 0 |
13,550 | Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States | Hegg, DA; Livingston, J; Hobbs, PV; Novakov, T; Russell, P | 1,997 | Aerosol column optical depths derived from airborne Sun photometer and in situ measurements of aerosol properties in 14 vertical profiles off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States in June show excellent agreement. Simultaneous measurements of the chemical compositions of the aerosol allows an assessment of the ch... | 0 |
83,570 | Air pollution, temperature, and regional differences in lung cancer mortality in Japan | Choi, KS; Inoue, S; Shinozaki, R | 1,997 | In this study, the authors investigated regional differences in lung cancer mortality in Japan, and, based on data acquired between 1970 and 1990 for 47 Japanese prefectures, estimated the relationship between regional lung cancer mortality and air pollution and/or temperature. Investigators used data for nitrogen diox... | 0 |
86,181 | Ozone-induced DNA single strand breaks in human and guinea pig lung cells in vivo | Lee, JG; Madden, MC; Hatch, G; Bottei, G; Peden, D; Adler, K; Devlin, R | 1,997 | Ozone (O-3) has been postulated to induce DNA damage and has been shown to be mildly tumorigenic in some studies utilizing long-term rodent exposures. We investigated lung DNA damage induced by controlled O-3 exposure in vivo in guinea pigs and human subjects. We specifically examined DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) usi... | 0 |
57,690 | Environmental exposure, social class, and cancer risk | Woodward, A; Boffetta, P | 1,997 | Exposure to a variety of environmental factors associated with cancer occurrence varies by social class. These factors include air pollutants (SO2, NO2, total suspended particulates, etc.), toxic waste hazards, and ionizing and other radiation. Heavy environmental pollution has been associated with an increased risk of... | 0 |
48,348 | Ozone-rich transients in the upper equatorial Atlantic troposphere (letter) | Suhre, K; Cammas, JP; Nedelec, P; Rosset, R; Marenco, A; Smit, HGJ | 1,997 | High concentrations of ozone are found in the Earth's stratosphere, but strong stratification suppresses efficient exchange of this ozone-rich air with the underlying troposphere. Upward transport of tropospheric trace constituents occurs mainly through equatorial deep convective systems. In contrast, significant downw... | 0 |
83,585 | Ozone does not react with human erythrocyte membrane lipids | Mudd, JB; Dawson, PJ; Santrock, J | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #Ozone was applied to sealed red cell ghost membranes at the rate of 95 nmol/min for periods up to 20 min. Acetylcholme esterase, on the outer face of the membrane, was inhibited up to 20%. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, on the inner surface of the membran... | 0 |
83,625 | Effects of ambient ozone exposures during the spring and summer of 1994 on pulmonary function of schoolchildren | Ulmer, C; Kopp, M; Ihorst, G; Frischer, T; Forster, J; Kuehr, J | 1,997 | To investigate the effect of natural exposure to ambient ozone over time, a follow-up study of school-aged children was performed in two small towns in southwestern Germany (Freudenstadt and Villingen) between March and October of 1994. Ozone half-hour mean concentrations were measured continuously and pulmonary functi... | 1 |
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