REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
86,107 | The genetics of air pollution | Drazen, JM; Beier, DR | 1,997 | null | 0 |
56,187 | Effects of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on the sensitivity of tomato to sulfur dioxide and ozone | Khan, MR; Khan, MW | 1,997 | Infection of plants with root-knot nematode leads to an increase in transpiration rate. We hypothesize that, in infected plants, the diffusive intake of gaseous pollutants would be greater and the interaction between the nematode and pollutant(s) would be governed by the degree of stomatal opening. Tomato plants infect... | 0 |
55,106 | New maximum UV irradiance levels observed in central Europe | Seckmeyer, G; Mayer, B; Bernhard, G; Erb, R; Albold, A; Jager, H; Stockwell, WR | 1,997 | #Simultaneous measurements of UV irradiance have been made from two adjacent sites (47.5 degrees N, 11.1 degrees E) in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (730 m a.s.1.) and the Zugspitze (2964 m a.s.1.). New maximum erythemally weighted irradiance levels were observed in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany during March 1996 and June 1... | 0 |
95,531 | Modeling the impacts of large-scale albedo changes on ozone air quality in the South Coast Air Basin | Taha, H | 1,997 | #It is expected that high-albedo materials will be used widely in urban areas particularly in warm and hot climates of the U.S. This will likely happen if high-albedo measures are adopted in building energy codes and urban planning regulations. The changes would mean that portions of urbanized airsheds may become more ... | 0 |
79,918 | Respiratory health and long-term exposure to air pollutants in Swiss schoolchildren | Braun-Fahrlander, C; Vuille, JC; Sennhauser, FH; Neu, U; Kunzle, T; Grize, L; Gassner, M; Minder, C; Schindler, C; Varonier, HS; Wuthrich, B | 1,997 | Swiss National Science Foundation. #The impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on respiratory and allergic symptoms and illnesses was assessed in a cross-sectional study of schoolchildren (ages 6 to 15 yr, n = 4,470) living in 10 different communities in Switzerland. Air pollution measurements (particulate matte... | 0 |
84,265 | Airway inflammation in smokers and nonsmokers with varying responsiveness to ozone | Torres, A; Utell, MJ; Morow, PE; Voter, KZ; Whitin, JC; Cox, C; Looney, RJ; Speers, DM; Tsai, Y; Frampton, MW | 1,997 | #Exposure to ozone causes symptoms, changes in lung function, and airway inflammation. We studied whether individuals who differ in lung-function responsiveness to ozone, or in smoking status, also differ in susceptibility to airway inflammation. Healthy subjects were selected on the basis of responsiveness to a c... | 1 |
95,701 | The degradation of glycosphingolipids by air | Jennemann, R; Bauer, BL; Wiegandt, H | 1,997 | Exposure of glycosphingolipids to air irreversibly destroys the integrity of these lipids within a few hours. It was established that among the natural constituents of air, ozone, at commonly observed daytime levels, is responsible for the observed degradation. As one product of the reaction of glycosphingolipids with... | 0 |
37,903 | The phenoxy radical: UV spectrum and kinetics of gas-phase reactions with itself and with oxygen | Berho, F; Lesclaux, R | 1,997 | The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of the phenoxy radical with itself and with oxygen were investigated using flash photolysis coupled to UV absorption spectrometry at 760 Torr, using N2 as the buffer gas. The UV absorption spectrum of the radical, which was determined from 220 to 300 nm, exhibits two intense band... | 0 |
84,263 | A national estimate of the economic costs of asthma | Smith, DH; Malone, DC; Lawson, KA; Okamoto, LJ; Battista, C; Saunders, WB | 1,997 | This cost of illness analysis examines national cost and resource utilization by persons with asthma using a single, comprehensive data source, the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. Direct medical expenditures included payments for ambulatory care visits, hospital outpatient services, hospital inpatient stays, ... | 0 |
87,797 | Determination of mobile source emission fraction using ambient field measurements Final report | Fujita, EM; Lu, Z; Sheetz, L; Harshfield, G; Zielinska, B | 1,997 | null | 0 |
4,604 | Human domination of Earth's ecosystems | Vitousek, PM; Mooney, HA; Lubchenco, J; Melillo, JM | 1,997 | Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by hum... | 0 |
84,262 | Effects of ozone on epithelium and sensory nerves in the bronchial mucosa of healthy humans | Krishna, MT; Springall, D; Meng, QH; Withers, N; Macleod, D; Biscione, G; Frew, A; Polak, J; Holgate, S | 1,997 | Neuropeptides released from sensory nerves during inflammation have potent effects on bronchomotor tone, airway secretion, and inflammatory cells. We investigated the effects of ozone on sensory nerves by exposing 12 healthy, nonsmoking subjects to 0.2 ppm ozone and filtered air (FA) for 2 h on separate occasions, with... | 1 |
34,867 | Ozone | Salisbury, J; Ferrari, L | 1,997 | INTRODUCTION: Photochemical oxidants are a group of air pollutants that are produced by the action of sunlight on previously emitted reactive chemicals. The most important of these oxidants is ozone, which is produced by the interaction of organic chemicals and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight. Ozone is ... | 0 |
13,117 | Effect of ozone on sputum composition in subjects with mild asthma | Holz, O; Jorres, RA; Speckin, P; Mucke, M; Richter, K; Koschyk, S; Magnussen, H | 1,997 | We studied the effect of ozone exposure on sputum composition assessed 1 and 24 h after exposure in subjects with mild asthma. On four occasions, 8 subjects with mild asthma (2 m/6 f, age 29 +/- 8 yrs, FEV1 95.6 +/- 6.9 % pred) were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or ozone (1 x 125 ppb, 2 x 250 ppb) during 3 hours ... | 0 |
40,402 | Environmental auditing: An approach for characterizing tropospheric ozone risk to forests | Hogsett, WE; Weber, JE; Tingey, D; Herstrom, A; Lee, EH; Laurence, JA | 1,997 | The risk tropospheric ozone poses to forests in the United States is dependent on the variation in ozone exposure across the distribution of the forests in question and the various environmental and climate factors predominant in the region. All these factors have a spatial nature, and consequently an approach to chara... | 1 |
83,595 | Modulation of the inflammatory effects of inhaled ozone in rats by subcutaneous prolactin-secreting, pituitary-derived tumors | Gunnison, AF; Bowers, A; Nadziejko, C; Adler, RA | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; McGuire Research Institute. Rats are more sensitive to ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and damage during late pregnancy and throughout lactation than in pre- or early pregnancy or postlactation. This window of sensitivity coincides with a period of elevated leve... | 0 |
85,162 | Measurement of toxic and related air pollutants Volumes 1-2: Proceedings of a specialty conference April 29-May 1; Research Triangle Park, NC | null | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Air & Waste Management Association. | 0 |
50,327 | Comparison of temporal and spatial patterns in ambient ozone concentrations estimated by pNEM/O3 and the regional oxidant model (ROM) | Johnson, T; Weaver, M | 1,997 | INTRODUCTION: In evaluating alternative forms of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a computer- based model to estimate the number of people exposed to ozone in selected urban areas. This model, the probabilistic NAAQS Exposure Model for Ozon... | 0 |
685 | Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosols | Van Dorland, R; Dentener, FJ; Lelieveld, J | 1,997 | Environmental Program of the European Union. The radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosol changes is evaluated using a radiative wideband model. The concentration fields of these constituents and their precursors on a 100x100 grid are computed with a three-dimensional transport/chemistry model o... | 0 |
87,569 | Bayesian multivariate spatial interpolation with data missing by design | Le, ND; Sun, W; Zidek, JV | 1,997 | In a network of s(g) sites, responses like levels of airborne pollutant concentrations may be monitored over time. The sites need not all measure the same set of response items and unmeasured items are considered as data missing by design. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian approach to interpolate the levels of, say, k... | 0 |
84,266 | Prediction of ozone-induced FEV1 changes: Effects of concentration, duration, and ventilation | Mcdonnell, WF; Stewart, PW; Andreoni, S; Seal, E, Jr; Kehrl, HR; Horstman, DH; Folinsbee, LJ; Smith, MV | 1,997 | The purpose of this analysis of previously published data was to identify a model that accurately predicts the mean ozone-induced FEV1 response of humans as a function of concentration (C), minute ventilation (V.E),duration of exposure (T), and age. Healthy young adults (n = 485) were exposed for 2 h to one of six ozon... | 1 |
86,222 | Ozone is bad for health--but only for some? | Spix, C | 1,997 | In recent years there has been accumulating evidence that high levels of ozone exacerbate pre-existing respiratory disease and cause increases in emergency attendances, admissions to hospital, and mortality. In this issue of Thorax Stedman et al present a first attempt to derive from such studies an estimate of the num... | 0 |
83,592 | Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic children | Gielen, MH; Van Der Zee, SC; Van Wijnen, JH; Van Steen, CJ; Brunekreef, B | 1,997 | In the early summer of 1995, the acute respiratory effects of ambient air pollution were studied in a panel of 61 children, ages 7 to 13 yr. of whom 77% were taking asthma medication. Peak flow was measured twice daily with MiniWright meters at home and the occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms and medication use wa... | 1 |
57,458 | An estimate of the UV-B exposure for outdoor workers during a south-east Queensland summer | Airey, DK; Wong, JCF; Fleming, RA; Meldrum, LR | 1,997 | #A numerical model was used to calculate the facial UV-B exposure received during summer (December-February) by typical outdoor farm workers in south-east Queensland (27.5 degrees S), a population among the groups at highest risk of skin cancer. The exposure was calculated using new, more detailed measurements of the p... | 0 |
14,052 | Biological weighting functions for describing the effects of ultraviolet radiation on aquatic systems | Cullen, JJ; Neale, PJ | 1,997 | Introduction. To evaluate the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV; 280-400 nm) on aquatic ecosystems, and to predict the potential influence of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320 nm)T from ozone depletion, it is necessary to observe the effe | 0 |
53,817 | Mass fluxes of O3, CH4, N2O, and CF2Cl2 in the lower stratosphere calculated from observational data | Gettelman, A; Holton, JR; Rosenlof, KH | 1,997 | Trace gas mixing ratio data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are combined with a radiatively derived transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) stream function to estimate the net ozone (O3) mass flux from the stratosphere to the troposphere and to investigate the net fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O... | 0 |
83,561 | Neurogenic inflammation: with additional discussion of central and perceptual integration of nonneurogenic inflammation | Bascom, R; Meggs, WJ; Frampton, M; Hudnell, K; Killburn, K; Kobal, G; Medinsky, M; Rea, W | 1,997 | null | 0 |
38,006 | Products of the gas-phase reactions of o-, m- and p-xylene with the OH radical in the presence and absence of NOx | Kwok, ESC; Aschmann, SM; Atkinson, R; Arey, J | 1,997 | The products of the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with o-m- and p-xylene, in the presence and absence of NOx, have been investigated using direct air sampling, atmospheric-pressure ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (API-MS). Partially and fully deuteriated xylenes were also studied. In addition to ion peaks d... | 0 |
77,166 | Acute exposure of humans to ozone impairs small airway function | Foster, WM; Weinmann, GG; Menkes, E; Macri, K | 1,997 | null | 1 |
82,732 | Air pollution and asthma emergency room visits in Reno, Nevada | Yang, W; Jennison, BL; Omaye, ST | 1,997 | The association between air pollution and the daily number of emergency room (ER) visits for asthma was assessed in Reno, Nevada, for the period 1992-1994. All three hospitals in the region were included. There was a total of 1593 ER visits for asthma during this period of time. The air pollution variables were collect... | 0 |
86,600 | Deterioration of metal threads and other metallic decorations made of gold, silver or gilt silver on museum textiles: problems of their conservation | Jaro, M; Toth, A | 1,997 | Metal threads and other decorations made of metal on textiles can usually ne considered as very thin, multilayered metal objects. The corrosion products on their surface are usually similar to those covering other metal objects, but sometimes the deterioration of the metal, the appearance of the corrosion layers, or th... | 0 |
43,644 | Considerations for establishing relationships between ambient ozone (O3) and adverse crop response | Krupa, SV; Kickert, RN | 1,997 | Exposures to the all pervasive ambient ozone (O3) can and has resulted in visible foliar injury and (or) reduction of crop growth and yield. However, most of our knowledge regarding the latter effect is derived from above ambient, artificial O3 fumigations in field exposure chambers. In the most recent years, such meth... | 0 |
52,323 | Hydrogen peroxide in the marine atmospheric boundary layer during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange experiment in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic | Martin, D; Tsivou, M; Bonsang, B; Abonnel, C; Carsey, T; Springer-Young, M; Pszenny, A; Suhre, K | 1,997 | Gas phase H2O2 was measured in surface air on the NOAA ship Malcolm Baldrige from June 8 to 27, 1992 (Julian days 160-179), during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange experiment in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic region. Average H2O2 mixing ratios observed were 0.63 ?... | 0 |
83,642 | Measurement of ozone concentrations in ambient air using a badge-type passive monitor | Zhou, J; Smith, S | 1,997 | A badge-type passive monitor was used to evaluate the effectiveness of four ozone trapping reagents for measuring O3 concentrations in the air. These were sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ), 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone acetone azine (MBTH), p-acetamidophenol (p-ATP), and indigo carmine. Experiments in an exposure chamber showed ... | 0 |
83,577 | Inflammation and cell damage induced by repeated exposure of humans to ozone | Devlin, RB; Folinsbee, LJ; Biscardi, F; Hatch, G; Becker, S; Madden, MC; Robbins, M; Koren, HS | 1,997 | Humans exposed to ozone a single time develop decrements in lung function and an inflammatory reaction in the lung characterized by increased numbers of neutrophils and increased amounts of soluble mediators of inflammation such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, prostaglandin (PG) E , lactate dehydrogenase, elastase, and lu... | 1 |
47,180 | Air pollution, weather, and mortality in Philadelphia 1973-1988 | Samet, JM; Zeger, SL; Kelsall, JE; Xu, J; Kalkstein, LS | 1,997 | Health Effects Institute. The Health Effects Institute began the Particle Epidemiology Evaluation Project in 1994 to evaluate the emerging epidemiologic evidence of a relation between particulate air pollution and daily mortality. A growing number of studies reported that daily mortality rates rose in association with ... | 0 |
54,032 | Climatologies of NOx and NOy: a comparison of data and models | Emmons, LK; Carroll, MA; Hauglustaine, DA; Brasseur, GP; Atherton, C; Penner, J; Sillman, S; Levy H, II; Rohrer, F; Wauben, WMF; van Velthoven, PFJ; Wang, Y; Jacob, D; Bakwin, P; Dickerson, R; Doddridge, B; Gerbig, C; Honrath, R; Hubler, G; Jaffe, D; Kondo, Y; Munger, JW; Torres, A; Volz-Thomas, A | 1,997 | Climatologies of tropospheric NOx (NO + NO2) and NOy (total reactive nitrogen: NOx + NO3 + 2 I N2O5 + HNO2 + HNO3 + HNO4 + ClONO2 + PAN (peroxyacetylnitrate) + other organic nitrates) have been compiled from data previously published and, in most cases, publicly archieved. Emphasis has been on non-urban measurements, i... | 0 |
15,903 | Effects of prolonged simulated ambient ozone dosing patterns on human pulmonary function and symptomatology | Adams, WC; Ollison, WM | 1,997 | Because of increased interest in an 8-hour (h) O(3) Federal air quality standard, acute pulmonary function responses to prolonged O(3) exposure between 0.08 and 0.24 parts per million (ppm) have been examined in EPA chamber studies, both in a 6.6-h square wave application and in an 8-h triangular profile application in... | 1 |
90,343 | Measurements of PAN in the polluted boundary layer and free troposphere using a luminol-NO2 detector combined with a thermal converter | Nikitas, C; Clemitshaw, KC; Oram, DE; Penkett, SA | 1,997 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN,CH3C(O)O2NO2) has been measured inthe polluted boundary layer and free troposphere by thermal conversion tonitrogen dioxide (NO2) followed by detection of thedecomposition product with a Scintrex LMA-3 NO2-luminolinstrument. Following laboratory tests of the efficiency of PAN conversionand inv... | 0 |
670,298 | Averting behavior and urban air pollution | Bresnahan, BW; Dickie, M; Gerking, S | 1,997 | Unique panel data are used to explain defensive responses to air pollution using determinants predicted by an averting behavior model. Empirical results indicate that persons who experience smog-related symptoms spend significantly less time outdoors as ozone concentrations exceed the national standard. Many people als... | 1 |
2,521 | The school of (hard) NOx: the ozone transport commission NOx budget program | Donovan, D; Parks, D; Zuravleff, L | 1,997 | null | 0 |
47,620 | Ozone concentration jump in the stable nocturnal boundary layer during a LLJ-event | Corsmeier, U; Kalthhoff, N; Kolle, O; Motzian, M; Fiedler, F | 1,997 | During the field campaign performed within the SANA-project (readjustment of the atmosphere in the five new federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany) at a flat, rural site in eastern Germany, several cases of a jumplike increase of ozone at the surface under stable conditions during the nights have been observ... | 1 |
86,269 | The biological effects of ozone depletion | Young, AR | 1,997 | Thinning of the ozone layer is predicted to result in increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) B radiation at the earth's surface. This effect has been confirmed by measurements made in relatively unpolluted areas such as Antarctica, the southern part of South America and at mid-to-high latitudes in the northern hemisphere... | 0 |
83,574 | Ozone produces functional deficits in the rat visual pathway | Custodio-Ramirez, V; Paz, C | 1,997 | Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT).#The effects of ozone (O3) have been studied mainly in reference to the respiratory pathways, though some reports have shown that this gas produces noxious effects in brain. The aim of the present work was to study the O3 effects on the central nervous system, focusing... | 0 |
83,583 | Modeling the dose profile in human exposure assessments: Ozone as an example | Mccurdy, T | 1,997 | A case has been made here to incorporate potential dose measures in an airborne substances exposure model. Dose received is highly dependent upon breathing rate, VE or EVR, which in turn is directly associated with human activities-an inherent part of an exposure assessment. A case has also been made for evaluating the... | 0 |
54,045 | Modeling sea-salt aerosols in the environment 1 model development | Gong, SL; Barrie, LA; Blanchet, JP | 1,997 | A simulation of the processes of sea-salt aerosol generation, diffusive transport, ntransformation, and removal as a function of particle size is incorporated into a one-dimensional version of the Canadian general climate model (GCMII). This model was then run in the North Atlantic between Iceland and Ireland during th... | 0 |
86,151 | Development and evaluation of a small active ozone sampler | Geyh, AS; Wolfson, JM; Koutrakis, P; Mulik, JD; Avol, EL | 1,997 | Current methods for monitoring ambient and microenvironmental ozone include continuous measurement instruments, such as UV photometric and chemiluminescence monitors, open-path diffusion optical absorption spectrometer, and passive sampling devices. This paper introduces a new small active ozone sampler that utilizes a... | 1 |
57,325 | Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formation and growth in boreal forest | Makela, JM; Aalto, P; Jokinen, V; Pohja, T; Nissinen, A; Palmroth, S; Markkanen, T; Seitsonen, K; Lihavainen, H; Kulmala, M | 1,997 | Number size distribution of ambient sub-micron and ultrafine aerosol particles have been measured on a continuous basis (every 10 minutes) for three quarters of the year 1996, at a forest site in Southern Finland. Continuous monitoring offers additional insight over the diurnal dynamics of the submicron size distributi... | 0 |
84,490 | Risk assessment for criteria pollutants vs other non-carcinogens: the difference between implicit and explicit conservatism | Beck, BD; Cohen, JT | 1,997 | Gradient Corporation. | 0 |
36,337 | Differential responses of buddleia (Buddleia davidii Franch) to ozone | Findley, DA; Keever, GJ; Chappelka, AH; Eakes, DJ; Gillian, DJ | 1,997 | Five cultivars of buddleia, Buddleia davidii Franch., were exposed to sub-ambient, ambient, and twice-ambient levels of ozone in open-top chambers for 8 weeks (June-August) during 1995. Plants were evaluated for foliar injury, growth index, and inflorescence characteristics during and following exposure. Destructive ha... | 1 |
84,471 | Ozone resistance sought in crop varieties to combat pollution damage | Tyson, R | 1,997 | null | 0 |
47,339 | Kinetic and theoretical investigation of the gas-phase ozonolysis of isoprene: carbonyl oxides as an important source for OH radicals in the atmosphere | Gutbrod, R; Kraka, E; Schindler, RN; Cremer, D | 1,997 | Kinetic measurements as well as B3LYP/ and MP2/6-31G(d,p) calculations provide evidence that carbonyl oxides formed in the gas-phase ozonolysis of alkylated alkenes are an important source of OH radicals. In the gas-phase ozonolysis of propene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, tetramethylethene, and isoprene, 18, 17, 24, ... | 0 |
82,709 | Ozone-induced IL-8 expression and trancscription factor binding in respiratory epithelial cells | Jaspers, I; Flescher, E; Chen, LC | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Army; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.#Ozone, one of the most reactive oxidant gases to which humans are routinely exposed, induces inflammation in the lower airways. The airway epithelium is one of the first targets that inhaled ozone will encounter, but ... | 0 |
36,318 | Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants: relationships in green cells | Alscher, RG; Donahue, JL; Cramer, CL | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,101 | A preliminary investigation of the effects of ozone on post-fire volatile organic compounds | Dunston, NC; Spivak, SM | 1,997 | The use of commercially generated ozone to reduce or eliminate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from a fire is widespread. but what's lacking is documented scientific research. This article provides some scientific documentation of the post-fire gases in an odorous fire test room treated with commercially... | 0 |
86,834 | Air quality effects of alternative fuels Final report | Guthrie, P; Ligocki, M; Looker, R; Cohen, J | 1,997 | To support the Alternative Fuels Utilization Program, a comparison of potential air quality effects of alternative transportation fuels is being performed. This report presents the results of Phase 1 of this program, focusing on reformulated gasoline (RFG), methanol blended with 15 percent gasoline (M85), and compresse... | 0 |
84,484 | The need for a long term cumulative secondary ozone standard - An ecological perspective | Heck, WW; Cowling, EB | 1,997 | null | 1 |
86,090 | Alert: Ozone-producing air-cleaning devices | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
90,847 | Differential susceptibility to oxidant exposure in inbred strains of mice: Nitrogen dioxide versus ozone | Kleeberger, SR; Zhang, LY; Jakab, GJ | 1,997 | The contribution of genetic background to the pathogenesis of airway responses to environmental agents including air pollutants is becoming increasingly clear. Characterization of genetic mechanisms of response to these agents may assist in the identification of susceptible individuals and populations. The primary obje... | 0 |
80,369 | Residential ventilation and energy characteristics | Sherman, MH; Matson, NE | 1,997 | The role of ventilation in the housing stock is to provide fresh air and to dilute internally-generated pollutants in order to assure adequate indoor air quality. Energy is required to provide this ventilation service, either directly for moving the air or indirectly for conditioning the outdoor air for thermal comfort... | 0 |
40,832 | Ozone uptake in Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum and Quercus rubra forest trees of different sizes | Samuelson, LJ; Kelly, JM | 1,997 | Information on ozone uptake by various tree species has been derived mainly from controlled-exposure studies of seedlings. Parallel measurements of foliar physiological processes in large trees are rare, as are measurements of local ozone concentrations within forest environments. Thus, our objectives were to character... | 1 |
15,477 | Characterization of alternative fuel vehicle emissions composition and ozone potential | Black, F; Tejada, S; Kleindienst, T | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy. | 0 |
86,106 | Proventil HFA provides protection from exercise-induced bronchoconstriction comparable to proventil and ventolin | Dockhorn, RJ; Wagner, DE; Burgess, GL; Hafner, KB; Letourneau, K; Colice, GL; Klinger, NM | 1,997 | Introduction: During the 1970s, scientists suggested that the growing use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) was contributing to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer with potentially harmful results. A committee on the ozone layer organized the preparation of the Montreal Protocol. This protocol mandated the cessation... | 0 |
47,401 | Radiative forcing of the Earth's climate system due to tropical tropospheric ozone production | Portmann, RW; Solomon, S; Fishman, J; Olson, JR; Kiehl, JT; Briegleb, B | 1,997 | The radiative forcing of the Earth's climate system due to tropical tropospheric ozone is estimated using ozonesonde profiles and maps of the tropospheric ozone column derived from satellite data. The forcing is estimated using several different techniques in order to place bounds on its likely magnitude and to elucida... | 0 |
42,880 | Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: 1. Alkanes and alkenes. | Atkinson, R | 1,997 | Literature data (through mid-1996) concerning the gas-phase reactions of alkanes and alkenes (including isoprene and monoterpenes) leading to their first generation products are reviewed and evaluated for tropospheric conditions. The recommendations of the most recent IUPAC evaluation [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 26, No.... | 0 |
25,950 | Mapping urban air pollution using GIS: A regression-based approach | Briggs, DJ; Collins, S; Elliott, P; Fischer, P; Kingham, S; Lebret, E; Pryl, K; Van Reeuwijk, H; Smallbone, K; Van Der Veen, A | 1,997 | As part of the EU-funded SAVIAH project, a regression-based methodology for mapping traffic-related air pollution was developed within a GIS environment. Mapping was carried out for NO2 in Amsterdam, Huddersfield and Prague. In each centre, surveys of NO2, as a marker for traffic-related pollution, were conducted using... | 1 |
52,386 | Forcings and chaos in interannual to decadal climate change | Hansen, J; Sato, M; Ruedy, R; Lacis, A; Asamoah, K; Beckford, K; Borenstein, S; Brown, E; Cairns, B; Carlson, B; Curran, B; de Castro, S; Druyan, L; Etwarrow, P; Ferede, T; Fox, M; Gaffen, D; Glascoe, J; Gordon, H; Hollandsworth, S; Jiang, X; Johnson, C; Lawrence, N; Lean, J; Lerner, J; Lo, K; Logan, J; Luckett, A; Mcc... | 1,997 | We investigate the roles of climate forcings and chaos (unforced variability) in climate change via ensembles of climate simulations in which we add forcings one by one. The experiments suggest that most interannual climate variability in the period 1979-1996 at middle and high latitudes is chaotic. But observed SST an... | 0 |
52,166 | Reactive nitrogen compounds at Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic | Solberg, S; Krognes, T; Stordal, F; Hov, O; Beine, HJ; Jaffe, DA; Clemitshaw, KC; Penkett, SA | 1,997 | Simultaneous independent measurements of NOy, and NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) by high-sensitivity chemiluminescence systems and of PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate) and PPN (peroxypropionyl nitrate) by GC-ECD were made at Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic during the first half year of 1994. The average mixing ratio of the sum of P... | 0 |
679,718 | Atmospheric CO2 enrichment increases growth and photosynthesis of Pinus taeda: A 4 year experiment in the field | Tissue, DT; Thomas, RB; Strain, BR | 1,997 | Forest trees are major components of the terrestrial biome and their response to rising atmospheric CO2 plays a prominent role in the global carbon cycle. In this study, loblolly pine seedlings were planted in the field in recently disturbed soil of high fertility, and CO2 partial pressures were maintained at ambient C... | 1 |
85,163 | Ozone concentrations near roadways--results of a field study in Cincinnati, Ohio | Johnson, T; Weaver, M; Mozier, J; Wisbith, A; Meiners, G; Ollison, WM | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,816 | Ozone-induced oxidative stress: mechanisms of action and reaction | Pell, EJ; Schlagnhaufer, CD; Arteca, RN | 1,997 | In this review we explore several models which might explain ozone (O3)-induced injury to plant foliage. Ozone enters the cell through the wall and plasma membrane where active oxygen species are generated. If the concentration of O3 is very high, unregulated cell death will occur. Alternatively, the active oxygen spec... | 0 |
25,251 | Residential and occupational exposure to sunlight and mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: composite (threefold) case-control study | Freedman, DM; Zahm, SH; Dosemeci, M | 1,997 | Objective: To determine whether non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality is associated with sunlight exposure. Design: Three case-control studies based on death certificates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and skin cancer mortality examining associations with potential sunlight exposure from residence and occupaflon. Se... | 0 |
92,948 | Effects of CO2 and NO3- availability on deciduous trees: Phytochemistry and insect performance | Kinney, KK; Lindroth, RL; Jung, SM; Nordheim, EV | 1,997 | Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will interact with other environmental factors to influence the physiology and ecology of trees. This research evaluated how plant phytochemical responses to enriched atmospheric CO2 are affected by the availability of soil nitrate (NO3-) and how these chemical changes, in t... | 0 |
52,597 | Issues in scaling tree size and age responses to ozone: A review | Kolb, TE; Fredericksen, TS; Steiner, KC; Skelly, JM | 1,997 | Ozone is probably the most important regional air pollutant currently affecting forest trees. The vast majority of information regarding ozone effects on trees has come from experiments with seedlings, where controlled concentrations of ozone were administered in indoor or outdoor chambers for periods lasting from seve... | 1 |
26,712 | Growth and reproduction of aphids and levels of free amino acids in Scots pine and Norway spruce in an open-air fumigation with ozone | Holopainen, JK; Kainulainen, P; Oksanen, J | 1,997 | To estimate the susceptibility of conifer seedlings to aphids under future tropospheric ozone levels, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) seedlings were exposed to ambient and elevated ozone levels in an open-air exposure system. Growth and reproduction of the aphids Schizolachnu... | 0 |
43,747 | Effects of tropospheric ozone on the yield and grain protein content of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) in the nordic countries | Pleijel, H; Ojanpera, K; Mortensen, L | 1,997 | Eight Nordic open-top chamber experiments with field-grown spring wheat were combined to obtain relationships between ozone exposure and yield loss. Two exposure indices, AOT30 and AOT40 (AOT = accumulated exposure over threshold), were tested. Strongly significant linear regressions between relative yield and exposure... | 1 |
30,011 | Ozone and its known and potential effects on forests in eastern United States | Skelly, JM; Chappelka, AH; Laurence, JA; Fredericksen, TS | 1,997 | Tropospheric ozone is considered by many as the most important anthropogenic air pollutant confronting the forests of eastern United States. From the late 1970s through to the early 1990s, hundreds of investigations were initiated to investigate the potential role of acidic depositions as a direct cause of several nota... | 0 |
82,797 | Forest decline and ozone: A comparison of controlled chamber and field experiments | Caldwell, MM; Heldmaier, G; Lange, OL; Mooney, HA; Schulze, E-D; Sommer, U | 1,997 | null | 0 |
36,397 | Artificial selection and heritability of ozone resistance in two populations of Plantago major | Whitfield, CP; Davison, AW; Ashenden, TW | 1,997 | Geographically separated populations of Plantago major L. differ in ozone resistance, and this is correlated with the exposure to ozone at the location of each population. In addition, two populations of P. major have been demonstrated to show an increase in ozone resistance after summers when ozone concentrations were... | 1 |
84,905 | The influence of temperature on the emission of volatile organic compounds from PVC flooring, carpet, and paint | Van Der Wal, JF; Hoogeveen, AW; Wouda, P | 1,997 | The influence of temperature on the emission rate of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from four indoor materials was investigated in a small dynamic test chamber. The materials investigated were two carpets, a PVC flooring and a paint; the temperature range investigated was 23-50 degrees C. The general trend was an inc... | 0 |
41,460 | An ecological assessment of the United States Mid-Atlantic region: A landscape atlas | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
679,719 | Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthesis, respiration and carbohydrate status of coppice Populus hybrids | Will, RE; Ceulemans, R | 1,997 | To determine how increased atmospheric CO2 will affect the physiology of coppiced plants, sprouts originating from two hybrid poplar clones (Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides - Beaupre and P. deltoides x P. nigra - Robusta) were grown in open-top chambers containing ambient or elevated (ambient + 360 mu mol mol(-1)) C... | 1 |
40,392 | PLATIN (PLant-ATmosphere-INteraction) I: A model of plant-atmosphere interaction for estimating absorbed doses of gaseous air pollutants | Grunhage, L; Haenel, HD | 1,997 | A PLant-ATmosphere INteraction model (PLATIN) was developed for estimating air pollutant absorbed doses under ambient conditions. PLATIN is based on the canopy energy balance combined with a gas transport submodel. The model has three major resistance components: (1) a turbulent atmospheric resistance Rah(zm) that desc... | 1 |
30,145 | Simulating ozone effects on forest productivity: Interactions among leaf-, canopy-, and stand-level processes | Ollinger, SV; Aber, JD; Reich, PB | 1,997 | #Ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere is known to have adverse effects on forest vegetation, but the degree to which mature forests are impacted has been very difficult to assess directly. In this study, we combined leaf-level ozone response data from independent ozone fumigation studies with a forest ecosystem mode... | 1 |
52,468 | Rubber overview | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,290 | On using inverse methods for resolving emissions with large spatial inhomogeneities | Chang, ME; Hartley, DE; Cardelino, C; Hass-Laursen, D; Chang, WL | 1,997 | We apply an inverse method to estimate the carbon monoxide emissions in Atlanta, Georgia. The resultant carbon monoxide inventory is unrealistically characterized by temporal oscillations on the frequency of 1 hour. We suspect that the difficulty in deducing the emissions is due to inhomogeneities in the spatial distri... | 0 |
11,237 | PLATIN (plant-atmosphere interaction) II: co-occurrence of high ambient ozone concentrations and factors limiting plant absorbed dose | Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ; Haenel, HD; Hanewald, K; Krupa, S | 1,997 | There is an ongoing debate as to which components of the ambient ozone (O3) exposure dynamics best explain adverse crop yield responses. A key issue is regarding the importance of peak versus mid-range hourly ambient O3 concentrations. While in this paper the importance of peak atmospheric O3 concentrations is not disc... | 0 |
35,309 | Effects of elevated O3 and CO2 concentrations on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Scots pine | Kellomaki, S; Wang, KY | 1,997 | Naturally regenerated Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), aged 28-30 years old, were grown in open-top chambers and subjected in situ to three ozone (O(3)) regimes, two concentrations of CO(2), and a combination of O(3) and CO(2) treatments from 15 April to 15 September for two growing seasons (1994 and 1995). The gas e... | 1 |
83,619 | Increases in the mRNA levels of "gamma"-glutamyltransferase and heme oxygenase-1 in the rat lung after ozone exposure | Takahashi, Y; Takahashi, S; Yoshimi, T; Miura, T; Mochitate, K; Kobayashi, T | 1,997 | Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. #gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are induced by chemical and physical stresses producing an oxidative burden on tissues and cells. Both enzymes are proposed to have an antioxidant role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative burden.... | 0 |
84,511 | Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry | Andreae, MO; Crutzen, PJ | 1,997 | Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Atmospheric aerosols play important roles in climate and atmospheric chemistry: They scatter sunlight, provide condensation nuclei for cloud droplets, and participate in heterogeneous chemical reactions. Two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural... | 0 |
48,377 | Atmospheric photooxidation of alkylbenzenes I carbonyl product analyses | Yu, J; Jeffries, HE; Sexton, KG | 1,997 | #Six alkylbenzenes--toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene--were selected to investigate the carbonyl products resulting from OH-initiated oxidation of aromatic compounds. Experiments were conducted in both indoor and outdoor smog chambers under simulated atmospheric co... | 0 |
47,524 | Disposition of inhaled toxicants | Schlesinger, RB; Ben-Jebria, A; Dahl, AR; Snipes, MB; Ultman, J | 1,997 | The development of biological responses following the inhalation of chemical toxicants is dependent upon the disposition of these materials within the respiratory system. This, in turn, depends upon their patterns of deposition (the sites within which the | 1 |
52,809 | Structure and membrane organization of photosystem II in green plants | Hankamer, B; Barber, J; Boekema, EJ | 1,997 | Photosystem II (PSII) is the pigment protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane of higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that uses solar energy to drive the photosynthetic water-splitting reaction. This chapter reviews the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of PSII as well as the function... | 0 |
54,846 | Enhanced UV penetraton due to ozone cross-section changes induced by CO2 doubling | Yung, YL; Jiang, Y; Liao, H; Gerstell, MF | 1,997 | Introduction
The increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has two distinct consequences [Hansen et al., 1984]. On the one hand, temperature increases, by a few degrees C, at the surface and in the troposphere. On the other hand, the stratosphere cools by as much as 10?C. As we shall show, the latter may have a sig... | 0 |
83,601 | Biological markers of acute lung injury: prognostic and pathogenetic significance | Pittet, JF; Mackersie, RC; Martin, TR; Matthay, MA | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,113 | Ocena mechaniki oddychania w populacji mlodych mezczyzn z roznych rejonow polski (Evaluation of pulmonary function test in young men population living in different regions of Poland) | Frank-Piskorska, A; Plusa, T; Lubinski, W; Litynska, A; Koiss, B; Bruszewski, J; Piskorski, K | 1,997 | null | 0 |
84,282 | EPA's ozone standard may harm public health and welfare | Dudley, SE; Gramm, WL | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,582 | Increased amounts of hydrogen peroxide in the exhaled breath of ozone-exposed human subjects | Madden, MC; Hanley, N; Harder, S; Velez, G; Raymer, JH | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Research Triangle Institute. | 0 |
84,376 | The use of photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity: case studies from Atlanta, New York, and Los Angeles | Sillman, S; He, D; Cardelino, C; Imhoff, RE | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Southern Oxidants Study (see article for list of funders for this organization). This study examines the use of ambient measurements of a number of "photochemical indicators" as a basis for determining ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity and for evaluating the performance of ozone mo... | 0 |
48,393 | Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data | Herman, JR; Bhartia, PK; Torres, O; Hsu, C; Seftor, C; Celarier, E | 1,997 | Global distributions of UV-absorbing aerosols are obtained using measured differences between the 340 and the 380 nm radiances from the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) for the years 1979-1993. Time series are shown for major sources of biomass burning and desert dust giving the frequency of occurrence ... | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.