REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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83,339 | Ozone personal exposures and health effects for selected groups residing in the Fraser Valley | Brauer, M; Brook, JR | 1,997 | Due to concern regarding poor ambient air quality in the Fraser Valley, a series of exposure and health effects assessments were performed to evaluate the impact of summer photochemical air pollution. In 1992 and 1993, three groups of individuals were selected for personal monitoring of ozone exposure, based on prior e... | 1 |
86,110 | Evolution of lung lesions in rats exposed to mixtures of ozone and nitrogen dioxide | Farman, CA; Pinkerton, KE; Rajini, P; Witschi, H; Last, JA | 1,997 | In previous work we have shown that rats exposed to 0.8 m ozone and 14.4 ppm NO2 for 6 h daily develop progressive bronchiolitis and pulmonary fibrosis after about 8-10 wk of exposure, with a high level of mortality. To begin to understand the mechanisms of fibrogenesis in this animal model, and especially what process... | 0 |
83,315 | An evaluation of indices that describe the impact of ozone on the yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Finnan, JM; Burke, JL; Jones, MB | 1,997 | null | 1 |
52,847 | The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance | Lamb, C; Dixon, RA | 1,997 | ABSTRACT Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence signals. Emerging data indicate that the oxidative burst reflects activation of a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase closely resembling that operatin... | 0 |
82,672 | UV-B screening by tropospheric ozone: Implications for the National Ambient Air Quality Standard | Lutter, R; Wolz, C | 1,997 | Tropospheric ozone reduces human exposure to harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. A 10-ppb decrease in seasonal average concentrations of ozone (about 20%) is estimated to lead to increases in cancers and cataracts valued at $0.29 billion to $1.1 billion annually. EPA in its ongoing review of the National Ambient Ai... | 1 |
92,075 | Landscape influences on water chemistry in Midwestern stream ecosystems | Johnson, LB; Richards, C; Host, GE; Arthur, JW | 1,997 | 1. Landscape characteristics of sixty-two subcatchments within the Saginaw Bay Catchment of central Michigan were examined to identify relationships with stream water chemistry. Land use, land cover and elevation were quantified for both entire catchments and the upland-river ecotone (100 m stream buffer strip). Catchm... | 0 |
29,516 | Tropospheric ozone in a global-scale three-dimensional Lagrangian model and its response to NOx emission controls | Collins, WJ; Stevenson, DS; Johnson, CE; Derwent, RG | 1,997 | United Kingdom Department of the Environment. | 0 |
41,857 | Estimation of dry deposition velocity using inferential models and site-specific meteorology--uncertainty due to siting of meteorological towers | Brook, , JR; Digiovanni, F; Cakmak, S; Meyers, TP | 1,997 | Application of inferential models is currently the only practical way of quantifying seasonal and annual dry deposition rates of acidifying chemical species. A number of inferential modelling approaches have been developed, but the most up-to-date approaches use easily obtained meteorological measurements and informati... | 1 |
30,380 | Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe | Fuhrer, J; Skarby, L; Ashmore, MR | 1,997 | The evidence of detrimental effects of ozone on vegetation in Europe, and the need to develop international control policies to reduce ozone exposures which are based on the effects of the pollutant, has led to attempts to define so-called critical levels of ozone above which adverse effects on trees, crops and natural... | 1 |
53,401 | National air pollutant emission trends, 1900-1996 | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
26,664 | Ozone deposition to a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) field: Stomatal and surface wetness effects during the California Ozone Deposition experiment | Grantz, DA; Zhang, XJ; Massman, W; Delany, A; Pederson, R | 1,997 | Removal of tropospheric ozone from polluted airbasins by deposition to vegetation may be an important determinant of regional air quality. The physiological and physical processes that determine the magnitude of deposition, and the relative contributions of uptake by photosynthetic tissues versus ozone destruction on p... | 1 |
47,242 | Reactive uptake and hydration experiments on amorphous carbon treated with NO2, SO2, O3, HNO3, and H2SO4 | Rogaski, CA; Golden, DM; Williams, LR | 1,997 | #The reactivity and hydration properties of amorphous carbon were studied in a low-pressure Knudsen cell reactor at room temperature (298 K). Reactions of NO2 ( gamma =0.11 plus or minus 0.04) and HNO3 ( gamma =0.038 plus or minus 0.008) were observed and may be important for nitrogen partitioning in the atmosphere. Wa... | 0 |
78,851 | EPA's air standards: pushing too far, too fast? | Raber, LR | 1,997 | null | 0 |
93,752 | Effect of fertilization on ozone-induced changes in the metabolism of birch (Betula pendula) leaves | Landolt, W; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Pfenninger, I; Einig, W; Hampp, R; Maurer, S; Matyssek, R | 1,997 | Cloned cuttings of Betula pendula Roth were grown in field fumigation chambers at Birmensdorf throughout one growing season in filtered air with either < 3 (control) or 90/40 nl l(-1) O(3) (day/night; ozone generated from pure oxygen). Each ozone regime was split into high and low soil nutrient regimes by watering plan... | 0 |
27,981 | Effects of elevated O3 and CO2 on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in Scots pine during the third growing season | Kellomaki, S; Wang, KY | 1,997 | Naturally regenerated, 30-year-old Scots pines (Pinus Sylvestris L.) were grown in open-top chambers and exposed in situ to doubled ambient O3, doubled ambient CO2 and a combination of elevated O3 and CO2 from 15 April to 15 September for three growing seasons (1994-1996). To examine the effects of O3 and/or CO2 on pho... | 0 |
4,132 | Introduction: What are ecosystem services? | Daily, GC | 1,997 | The purpose of this book is to characterize the ways in which earth's natural ecosystems confer benefits on humanity, to make a preliminary assessment of their value, and to report this in a manner widely accessible to an educated audience. An ecosystem is the set of organisms living in an area, their physical environm... | 0 |
86,192 | Pulmonary function testing in population-based studies | Manolio, TA; Weinmann, GG; Buist, AS; Furberg, CD; Pinsky, JL; Hurd, SH | 1,997 | null | 0 |
84,397 | Nitrogen dioxide, the oxides of nitrogen, and infants' health symptoms | Farrow, A; Greenwood, R; Preece, S; Golding, J | 1,997 | Wellcome Trust; Departments of Health and Environment, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; British Gas. #In this cross-sectional postal study, the authors measured nitrogen dioxide levels inside infants' bedrooms and outside their homes. During the 2-wk monitoring period, the authors investigated ... | 0 |
86,252 | Tropospheric ozone: an emerging environmental stress to skin | Thiele, JJ; Podda, M; Packer, L | 1,997 | #As the outermost barrier of the body, the skin is directly and frequently exposed to a prooxidative environment, including solar UVA and UVB radiation, and air pollution. Ozone, a major air pollutant, possesses a strong oxidizing potential and therefore is possibly one of the most reactive chemicals the skin ever meet... | 0 |
55,083 | Detection of tropospheric ozone by remote sensing from the ground | Jiang, YB; Yung, YL; Sander, SP | 1,997 | Due to larger multiple scattering effects in the troposphere compared to that in the stratosphere, the optical path of tropospheric ozone is markedly enhanced (as compared with that of stratospheric ozone) in the Huggins bands from 310 to 345 nm. Model study of the direct and diffuse solar fluxes on the ground shows di... | 0 |
84,404 | Sensory characterization of emissions from materials | Knudsen, HN; Clausen, G; Fanger, PO | 1,997 | The exposure-response relationship between the concentration of air pollutants and perceived air quality was studied for eight materials often found indoors and for a mixture of three of the materials. Samples of the materials were placed in a ventilated test chamber. The exhaust air from the test chamber was diluted w... | 0 |
52,278 | Transport and mixing phenomena related to ozone exceedances in the northeast US (analysis based on NARSTO-northeast data) | Blumenthal, DL; Lurmann, FW; Kumar, N; Dye, TS; Ray, SE; Korc, ME; Londergan, R; Moore, G | 1,997 | null | 1 |
43,104 | Radiative forcing and climate response | Hansen, JE; Sato, M; Ruedy, R | 1,997 | We examine the sensitivity of a climate model to a wide range of radiative forcings, including changes of solar irradiance, atmospheric CO sub(2) , O sub(3) , CFCs, clouds, aerosols, surface albedo, and a ``ghost' forcing introduced at arbitrary heights, latitudes, longitudes, seasons, and times of day. We show that, i... | 1 |
36,360 | Transgenic tobacco plants expressing antisense RNA for cytosolid ascorbate peroxidase show increased susceptibility to ozone injury | Orvar, BL; Ellis, BE | 1,997 | Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as a participant in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, has been suggested to be a particularly important antioxidant enzyme in helping plants survive oxidative stress, but direct evidence for this has not been reported. We demonstrate that expressing antisense RNA comprising 45% of the 3'-codi... | 0 |
47,697 | An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the extratropical western North Pacific: impact of continental outflow during the late winter/early spring | Crawford, J; Davis, D; Chen, G; Bradshaw, J; Sandholm, S; Kondo, Y; Liu, S; Browell, E; Gregory, G; Anderson, B; Sachse, G; Collins, J; Barrick, J; Blake, D; Talbot, R; Singh, H | 1,997 | This study examines the influence of photochemical processes on tropospheric ozone distributions over the extratropical western North Pacific. The analysis presented here is based on data collected during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West Phase B (PEM-West B) field study conducted in February-March 1994. Sampling in... | 0 |
26,475 | Effects of oxidant air pollutants on western pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) populations in southern California | Dahlsten, DL; Rowney, DL; Kickert, RN | 1,997 | The attack rates, brood survival, and emergence rates of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and incidence of entomophagus associates, were compared between photochemical oxidant damaged, and apparently healthy, ponderosa pine trees, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws in the San Bernardino Forest in S... | 0 |
93,614 | The effects of ozone-exposed sugar maple seedlings on the biological performance and the feeding preference of the forest tent catepillar (Malacosoma disstria Hbn) | Fortin, M; Maufette, Y; Albert, PJ | 1,997 | The effects of exposure of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) to ozone on the entire larval stage of a native insect have not been previously investigated. This study reports the effects of sugar maple seedlings exposed to different ozone concentrations on the relative performance and the feeding preference of the for... | 0 |
85,103 | The ozone conflict of the 1990s | Flannery, DM; Spatafore, MA | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,164 | The impact of meteorology on ozone in Houston | Eder, BK; Davis, JM; Nychka, D | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,167 | Respiratory epithelial cells display polarity in their release of the chemokine IL-8 after exposure to ozone | Jaspers, I; Flescher, E; Chen, LC | 1,997 | Introduction. Ozone (O3), a major gas of photochemical smog, has been shown to induce inflammation in the lower airways [1]. An important mechanism by which the lung reacts to inhaled noxious gases is the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airway lumen. One of the first targets inhaled O3 will encounter, and wh... | 0 |
86,194 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can potentiate ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness | Matsubara, S; Kikkawa, H; Kaminuma, O; Ikezawa, K | 1,997 | We investigated the effects of single and chronic oral administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. Ozone exposure(3 ppm for 2 h) significantly increased airway responsiveness in vehicle-treated animals and in animals with either single or chroni... | 0 |
57,210 | Understanding the production and interconversion of the hydroxyl radical during the tropospheric OH photochemistry experiment | Eisele, FL; Mount, GH; Tanner, D; Jefferson, A; Shetter, R; Harder, JW; Williams, EJ | 1,997 | The hydroxyl radical plays a critical role in the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Understanding its production, interconversion, and sinks is central to modeling and predicting the chemistry of the troposphere. The OH measurements made during the 1993 Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment provide a detailed look... | 1 |
47,563 | Comparing neural networks and regression models for ozone forecasting | Comrie, AC | 1,997 | Many large metropolitan areas experience elevated con-centrations of ground-level ozone pollution during the summertime 'smog season'. Local environmental or health agencies often need to make daily air pollution forecasts for public advisories and for input into decisions regarding abatement measures and air quality m... | 0 |
53,391 | A global inventory of nitric oxide emissions from soils | Davidson, EA; Kingerlee, W | 1,997 |
Abstract Over 60 published papers reporting field measurements of emissions of nitric oxide (NO) from soil are reviewed, and over 100 annual estimates of NO emissions were made for various types of ecosystems, including agricultural fields. These data were stratified by biome and the mean of each stratum was multipli... | 0 |
82,936 | Plant-microbial interactions | Eviner, VT; Chapin FS III | 1,997 | null | 0 |
36,363 | Variation in ozone sensitivity among clones of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens | Paakkonen, E; Holopainen, T; Karenlampi, L | 1,997 | #Forty clones of Betula pendula and 6 clones of Betula pubescens, originating from southern and central Finland, were ranked in order of ozone sensitivity according to visible injuries, growth and leaf senescense under low ozone exposure. The plants were fumigated in natural climatic conditions using an open-air exposu... | 0 |
52,986 | Assessing visible ozone-induced injury in ponderosa pine | Grulke, NE; Lee, EH | 1,997 | Chlorotic mottle of foliage is one of the primary indicators of ozone injury to conifers. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to test for significant correlations between chlorotic mottle of needles and 38 characteristics known to be associated with ozone injury in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. ... | 1 |
83,598 | Human cell mutagens in Los Angeles air | Hannigan, MP; Cass, GR; Penman, BW; Crespi, CL; Lafleur, AL; Busby, WF, Jr; Thilly, WG | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #The human cell mutagenicity of particulate air pollution samples collected in southern California is measured. The human cell mutation assay used in this study tests mutagenic activity at the thymidine kinase locus in h1A1v2 cells using a 72-h exposure. Throughout 1... | 0 |
40,707 | Simulating ozone effects on forest productivity: Interactions among leaf- and stand-level processes | Ollinger, SV; Aber, JD; Reich, PB | 1,997 | #Ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere is known to have adverse effects on forest vegetation, but the degree to which mature forests are impacted has been very difficult to assess directly. In this study, we combined leaf-level ozone response data from independent ozone fumigation studies with a forest ecosystem mode... | 1 |
94,372 | Methods for controlled and field ozone exposures of forest tree species in North America | Musselman, RC; Hale, BA | 1,997 | Research on the effects of pollutants on vegetation has concentrated primarily on agricultural crops. Pollutant effects on crops have been examined since the 1950s, after initial observations of oxidant stipple injury to field crops which were attributed to O3 (Richards et al. 1958; Heggestad and Middleton 1959). Resea... | 0 |
779 | Intra- and interspecific variation in canopy photosynthesis in a mixed deciduous forest | Bassow, SL; Bazzaz, FA | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,299 | Nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements during the tropospheric OH photochemistry experiment | Goldan, PD; Kuster, WC; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,997 | In the rural troposphere, the nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds (NMHCs) play a significant role in establishing the absolute, as well as, the relative concentration of the odd-hydrogen radicals. In order to provide data which could be used to estimate OH reactive loss rates with hydrocarbons directly, and to broaden our... | 0 |
54,795 | Formation of organic aerosols from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons | Hoffmann, T; Odum, JR; Bowman, F; Collins, D; Klockow, D; Flagan, RC; Seinfeld, JH | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation; Coordinating Research Council; Chevron Corporation; German Research Association.Measurements of aerosol formation during the photooxidation of "alpha"-pinene, "beta"-pinene, d-3-carene, d-limonene, ocimene, linalool, terpinene-4-ol, and trans-caryophyll... | 0 |
4,040 | Methodology for estimating values for changes in visibility at national parks [draft memorandum] | Chestnut, L | 1,997 | Society has long recognized that there is a value to preserving visibility. Section 169A of the Clean Air Act, added in 1977, establishes a national goal of both remedying and preventing visibility impairment in major national parks and wilderness areas caused by human activity. This memorandum presents a proposed meth... | 0 |
84,276 | Ozone dry deposition in a semi-arid steppe and in a coniferous forest in southern Europe | Sanchez, ML; Rodriguez, R; Lopez, A | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,571 | Incorporation of nasal-lining mass-transfer of ozone dosimetry in the upper respiratory tract | Cohen-Hubal, EA; Kimbell, JS; Fedkiw, PS | 1,997 | null | 0 |
84,530 | Potential reactions among indoor pollutants | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC | 1,997 | #Reactions among indoor pollutants can produce products that, otherwise, might not be present in an indoor environment. To be relevant in an indoor setting, a chemical reaction must occur within a time interval shorter than or comparable to the residence time for a packet of indoor air. At typical air exchange rates, t... | 1 |
26,732 | Nature's services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
53,036 | Relationships between ozone resistance and climate in European populations of Plantago major | Lyons, TM; Barnes, JD; Davison, AW | 1,997 | SUMMARY The relative ozone resistance of 20 European and two American populations of Plantago major was examined, and relationships with climatic factors at the source of the plant material were explored using data provided by participants in the ICP-Crops initiative (International Co-operative Programme to Investig... | 0 |
47,932 | Tropospheric ozone, lightning, and climate change | Sinha, A; Toumi, R | 1,997 | Tropospheric O-3 is an important greenhouse gas. Lightning is a major source of NOx, and thus of tropospheric O-3. It has recently been suggested that due to an apparent strong correlation between lightning strike rates and surface temperatures, tropospheric O-3 may significantly increase if the climate warms, resultin... | 1 |
4,598 | Significance of sulphur for the quality of domesticated plants | Schnug, E | 1,997 | Though sulphur is one of the major plant nutrients the impact of an insufficient S supply on quality parameters of domesticated plants has been neglected in research as industrial S emissions have been excessive over the last century. Meanwhile, however, S is the most important limiting factor in European agriculture d... | 0 |
48,202 | An integrated air pollution modeling system for urban and regional scales: 1. Structure and performance | Lu, R; Turco, RP; Jacobson, MZ | 1,997 | A new three-dimensional air pollution modeling system is described for urban and regional air quality studies. The system includes four major components: a meteorological model, a tracer transport code, a chemical and aerosol microphysical model, and a radiative transfer code. The meteorological model solves the equati... | 1 |
52,963 | Ozone-induced accumulation of carbohydrates changes enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism in birch leaves | Einig, W; Lauxmann, U; Hauch, B; Hampp, R; Landolt, W; Maurer, S; Matyssek, R | 1,997 | SUMMARY Birch cuttings (Betula pendula Roth) were grown in a sand-culture system with two concentrations (0A05, HF and 0A005 %, LF) of fertilizer containing macro nutrients and micronutrients, and were exposed to 90/40 nl 1-1 O3 (day/night) and <3 nl 1-1 O3 (control) for one growing season in the field fumigation cha... | 0 |
55,622 | Results of a chemical-transport model with interactive aerosol microphysics | Pitari, G; Grassi, B; Visconti, G | 1,997 | null | 0 |
30,135 | Impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on gas exchange and chlorophyll content in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Mulholland, BJ; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Atherton, J; Landon, G | 1,997 | Stands of spring wheat grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to assess the individual and interactive effects of season-long exposure to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on the photosynthetic and gas exchange properties of leaves of differing age and position within the canopy. The observe... | 0 |
94,162 | Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma: expert panel report 2 | null | 1,997 | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. #Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. In the United States, asthma affects 14 million to 15 million persons. It is the most common chronic disease of childhood, affecting an estimated 4.8 million children (Adams and Marano 1995; Centers for Disease Contr... | 0 |
50,356 | Supplement to "Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by outdoor children in nine urban areas using a probabilistic version of NEM (April 1996)" | Johnson, T; Mozier, J; Capel, J | 1,997 | This supplemental report was prepared by IT Air Quality Services (ITAQS) for the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). | 0 |
84,403 | The influence of area-specific ventilation rate on the emissions from construction products | Gunnarsen, L | 1,997 | Experiments were performed using small-scale climate chambers, including the new Chamber for Laboratory Investigations of Materials Pollution and Air Quality (CLIMPAQ), to gain knowledge about the influence of ventilation rate per plane specimen area (specific ventilation rate) on emission rates. Emissions from pieces ... | 0 |
83,567 | Ozone exposure and population density in Harris County, Texas (rejoinder) | Carroll, RJ; Chen, R; George, EI; Li, TH; Newton, HJ; Schmiediche, H; Wang, N | 1,997 | TX Natural Resource and Conservation Commission; National Cancer Institute; National Science Foundation. | 0 |
86,149 | Ozone-induced impairment of pulmonary type IV hypersensitivity and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice | Garssen, J; Van Bree, L; Van Der Vliet, H; Van Loveren, H | 1,997 | It is evident that exposure to ozone has toxic effects and can lead to lung function disturbances. Individuals suffering from COPD or asthma are groups especially at risk with respect to the effects of ozone. The majority of studies dealing with ozone effects on pulmonary allergy are restricted to immunoglobulin E (IgE... | 0 |
86,112 | Effects of ozone on normal and potentially sensitive human subjects: Part III. Mediators of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from nonsmokers, smokers, and asthmatic subjects exposed to ozone: A collaborative study | Frampton, MW; Balmes, JR; Cox, C; Krein, PM; Speers, DM; Tsai, Y; Utell, MJ | 1,997 | To provide bases of comparison between the studies described in Parts I and II of this Research Report, concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6)*, interleukin 8 (IL-8), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (a2M) were measured in airway lavage fluids obtained in the Balmes study (Part I) and compared with the same measurements in th... | 0 |
85,640 | Modeling anthropogenic trends in air quality data | Anh, V; Duc, H; Azzi, M | 1,997 | Rao and Zurbenko suggest an effective method for detecting changes in air quality due to changes in emissions in the presence of meteorological fluctuations.1 On the other hand, it is well known that air quality time series display long-range dependence (LRD),2 and various methods have been suggested for modeling this ... | 0 |
15,495 | Sintomas respiratorios y reflejo tusigeno en poblaciones expuestas a distinto grado de contaminacion ambiental [Respiratory symptoms and cough reflex in populations exposed to different degrees of environmental pollution] | Pertuze, J; Valdivia, G; Barros, M; Anazco, J; Olaeta, I | 1,997 | Background: Santiago is a city with a high degree of environ mental pollution caused by particulate matter and ozone, producing adverse effects in the respiratory system Aim: To compare respiratory symptoms and cough reflex in adults from Santiago and from a rural area with low levels of environmental pollution. Subjec... | 0 |
46,974 | Computational tools to aid the estimation and visualization of potential human exposure to ozone | Purushothaman, V; Georgopoulos, PG | 1,997 | The estimation of potential population exposures to photochemical pollutants involves two steps: determination of the levels of the pollutant of concern and of population distributions in the area of concern, both as functions of time and space. This paper provides an overview of the continuing development of an integr... | 0 |
52,398 | Results of a chemical-transport model with interactive aerosol microphysics | Grassi, B; Pitari, G; Visconti, G | 1,997 | A low resolution chemical-transport three-dimensional model (CTM) has been used to study the chemical composition of the atmosphere. The CTM has a vertical resolution of about 2.8 Km from the ground to about 70 Km, and a horizontal resolution of 10 in latitude from pole to pole 22.5 in longitude. The velocity field i... | 0 |
36,375 | Growth of 27 herbs and grasses in relation to ozone exposure and plant strategy | Pleijel, H; Danielsson, H | 1,997 | Potted specimens of 27 Swedish native herbs and grasses were exposed to three different ozone concentrations, CF (charcoal filtered air), NF (non-filtered air) and NF+ (1.5 x non-filtered air) in open-top chambers from 2 July to 5 August 1994. The species represented a wide range of different plant strategies according... | 0 |
88,917 | Increasing role of nitrogen in the acidification of surface waters in the Adirondack Mountains, New York | Sullivan, TJ; Eilers, JM; Cosby, BJ; Vache, KB | 1,997 | Assessments of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition have focused on sulfur, as have recent efforts to control the emissions of acidifying compounds. Nitrogen dynamics were excluded from most acidic deposition modeling studies because it was believed that terrestrial ecosystems strongly retain N and because modeling... | 0 |
86,088 | Proposed air pollutant standards | Abelson, PH | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,109 | Development of an experimental model of epilepsy in rats exposed to ozone | Escalante-Membrillo, C; Paz, C | 1,997 | Paroxysmal activity has been reported in the olfactory bulb of rabbits chronically exposed to ozone (O3), postulating that this gas provokes alterations in the electrical activity of the central nervous system. The effects of 1 ppm of O3 inhaled daily for 1 or 3 h prior to each stimulation were studied using the kindli... | 0 |
83,324 | Chemical coupling between atmospheric ozone and particulate matter | Meng, Z; Dabdub, D; Seinfeld, JH | 1,997 | A major fraction of ambient particulate matter arises from atmospheric gas-to-particle conversion. Attempts to reduce particulate matter levels require control of the same organic and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions that are precursors to urban and regional ozone formation. Modeling of the gas-aerosol chemical interacti... | 0 |
86,155 | Methods for characterizing emissions from laser printers Final report | Gressel, MG | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,630 | UVB induced photooxidation of vitamin E | Kramer, KA; Liebler, DC | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Flinn Foundation. #The photochemistry of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TH, vitamin E) may contribute to its inhibition of UVB (290-320 nm) photocarcinogenesis. Photochemical reactions of alpha-TH were studied by monitoring the fate of alpha-T... | 0 |
83,581 | Ozonation of azo dyes | Liakou, S; Pavlou, S; Lyberatos, G | 1,997 | Commission of the European Communities. Ozone pretreatment studies of wastewater containing a specific azo dye - Orange II - were conducted in order to assess the kinetics of ozone oxidation and to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the biodegradability of the wastewater. Batch experiments were performed at different ... | 0 |
80,424 | Simulating the response of mature yellow poplar and loblolly pine trees to shifts in peak ozone periods during the growing season using the TREGRO model | Constable, JVH; Retzlaff, WA | 1,997 | Multiple TREGRO simulations were conducted with meteorological data files containing different growing season peak ozone (O(3)) episodes at O(3) exposures of 1.0 and 2.0 x ambient O(3) to assess the relationship between O(3) response and the phenology of mature yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and loblolly pi... | 0 |
52,373 | Seasonal trends and local influences on nonmethane hydrocarbon concentrations in the Canadian boreal forest | Young, VL; Kieser, BN; Chen, SP; Niki, H | 1,997 | Mixing ratios of nonmethane hydrocarbons, both biogenic and anthropogenic, have been monitored year-round at several sites in the boreal forests of Saskatchewan and Ontario. Seasonal patterns in hydrocarbon mixing ratios are explained by the wintertime effect of the Arctic air mass and the summertime increase in photo ... | 0 |
83,607 | Ozone at high-pollution urban levels causes airway hyperresponsiveness to substance P but not to other agonists | Segura, P; Montano, LM; Bazan-Perkins, B; Gustin, P; Vargas, MH | 1,997 | European Community. | 0 |
86,195 | Prevention of ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and epithelial injury by phosphodiesterase inhibitors in guinea pigs | Matsubara, S; Fushimi, K; Kaminuma, O; Kikkawa, H; Ikezawa, K; Naito, K | 1,997 | We investigated the effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in guinea pigs. Theophylline (10-100 mg/kg), rolipram (1-100 mg/kg) and T-440 (1-100 mg/kg) were orally administered 30 min before ozone exposure (3 ppm, for 30 min). Ozone exposure caused an increase in ... | 0 |
86,196 | Human activities that may lead to high inhaled intake doses in children aged 6-13 | Mccurdy, T | 1,997 | This paper focuses on possible activities of children aged 6-13 that may make them susceptible to high hourly intake doses of ozone (O3) air pollution. Data from an O3 exposure modeling exercise indicates that relatively few hours can account for a significant amount of the total cumulative ozone intake dose (DIT) rece... | 0 |
38,002 | Comment on "UV spectrum and kinetics of hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals" | Koch, R | 1,997 | N/A. | 0 |
83,573 | Ozone exposure and population density in Harris County, Texas [comment] | Cressie, N | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 |
55,180 | Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and tropospheric pollution on UVB radiation in the troposphere | Ma, JZ; Guicherit, R | 1,997 | ABSTRACT
A radiative transfer model is used to study the effect of stratospheric ozone depletion and tropospheric pollution on UVB (280-315 nm) radiation in the troposphere at midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The difference in the vertical distribution of UVB radiation for a range of pollution conditions typica... | 0 |
83,998 | La pollution atmospherique urbaine: sources, polluants et evolution [Urban air pollution: sources, pollutants and evolution] | Festy, B | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,762 | Functions and responses of the leaf apoplast under stress | Dietz, KJ | 1,997 | Introduction
The extraprotoplastic matrix of plant cells including the cell wall is here defined as apoplast. The most obvious functions associated with the apoplast are (1) establishment and maintenance of cell shape, (2) its role in turgor development, (3) uptake and transport of water, ions and metabolites as, for i... | 0 |
53,972 | Production and decay of ClNO2 from the reaction of gaseous N2O5 with NaCl solution: bulk and aerosol experiments | Behnke, W; George, C; Sheer, V; Zetzsch, C | 1,997 | The chemistry of N2O5 on liquid NaCl aerosols or bulk NaCl solutions was studied at 291 K by aerosol smog chamber and wetted-wall flow tube experiments. The uptake of N2O5 on deliquescent aerosol was obtained to be (3.2 ? 0.2) x 10-2 (hr error) from the aerosol experiments. In the wetted-wall flow tube we observed that... | 0 |
52,185 | Unique products of the reaction of isoprene with atomic chlorine: potential markers of chlorine atom chemistry | Nordmeyer, T; Wang, W; Ragains, ML; Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Spicer, CW; Plastridge, RA | 1,997 | Abstract. The contribution of atomic chlorine to the chemistry of marine regions as well as the Arctic at ground level at polar sunrise is the subject of a number of recent studies. However, identifying the specific chlorine atom precursors has proven difficult. One potential approach is the measurement of definitive... | 0 |
47,170 | Allergen sensitization and perennial asthma | Platts-Mills, TAE; Squillace, CP | 1,997 | N/A. | 0 |
57,453 | Evidence for changes in the ozone concentrations in the free troposphere over southern France from 1976 to 1995 | Ancellet, G; Beekmann, M | 1,997 | Tropospheric ozone measurements were performed at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) in Southern France by three instruments during the last 10 yr: Brewer Mast (BM) ozonesondes 1985/1991, ECC ozonesondes: 1991/1995, lidar: 1990/1995. The error analysis shows an overall accuracy of 10% for the BM sondes and lidar ... | 0 |
27,282 | The value of everything | Pimm, SL | 1,997 | null | 0 |
47,469 | Global climate change: Processes and products - an overview | Krupa, SV | 1,997 | Our knowledge of global climate change has many uncertainties. Whether global air temperature will increase, by how much, and when, are subject to debate, but there is little doubt that tropospheric concentrations of several trace gases are increasing. While possible increases in the average air temperature is a produc... | 0 |
82,873 | Attainment flip-flops and the achievability of the ozone air quality standard | Chock, DP; Winkler, SL; Pezda, S | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,315 | Dependence of ozone production on NO and hydrocarbons in the troposphere | Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Lee, JH; Lee, YN; Nunnermacker, LJ; Springston, SR; Newman, L; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Sillman, S | 1,997 | An expression for the production rate of O3, P(O3), is derived based on a radical budget equation applicable to low and high NOx conditions. Differentiation of this equation with respect to NO or hydrocarbons (HC) gives an approximate analytic formula in which the relative sensitivity of P(O3) to changes in NO or HC de... | 0 |
46,991 | Overview of ozone human exposure and health risk analyses used in the U.S. EPA's review of the ozone air quality standard | Whitfield, RG; Richmond, HM; Johnson, TR | 1,997 | This paper presents an overview of the ozone human exposure and health risk analyses developed under sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These analyses are being used in the current review of the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone. The analyses consist of three principal... | 0 |
80,203 | Overproduction of ascorbate peroxidase in the tobacco chloroplast does not provide protection against ozone | Torsethaugen, G; Pitcher, LH; Zilinskas, BA; Pell, EJ | 1,997 | Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Bel W3) plants were used to test the hypothesis that protection from O3 injury could be conferred by overproduction of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the chloroplast. The 10-fold increase in soluble APX activity in the chloroplast was expected to alleviate an implied increase in ... | 0 |
81,345 | Short-term ozone exposure affects the surface activity of pulmonary surfactant | Putman, E; Liese, W; Voorhout, WF; van Bree, L; van Golde, LMG; Haagsman, HP | 1,997 | The effects of short-term ozone exposure on the lung function and surface activity of surfactant subtypes isolated from rat lung lavage were studied. Rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone for 2 or 12 hr. The surface activity of surfactant was affected by ozone exposure, whereas distinct morphological changes in bronchoalv... | 0 |
84,248 | Cost-benefit and uncertainty issues in using organic reactivity to regulate urban ozone | Mcbride, SJ; Oravetz, MA; Russell, AG | 1,997 | The costs and benefits of urban ozone control strategies based on regulation of ozone-forming potential, or reactivity, of volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions are quantified using a mixed-integer linear programming model. Optimal regulatory strategies are chosen on the basis of calculated reactivity of source emiss... | 0 |
83,098 | Nitrogen oxide pollution may spark seeds' growth | Malakoff, DA | 1,997 | null | 0 |
34,866 | Disinfection by-products in Canadian drinking water | Williams, DT; Lebel, GL; Benoit, F | 1,997 | #Halogenated disinfection by-products were determined in Canadian drinking water supplies where chlorine was used at some stage in the treatment process. The effects of applied disinfectants (chlorine, chloramine and ozone), seasonal variation (winter and summer) and spatial variation (treatment plant and distribution ... | 0 |
684,124 | Clean Air Act : ozone and particulate matter standards : hearings before the Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety and the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session. | US Congress | 1,997 | null | 0 |
180,309 | Induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitric acid vapor in California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings | Krywult, M; Bytnerowicz, A | 1,997 | Gaseous nitric acid (HNO3), one of the most abundant nitrogenous air pollutants in photochemical smog, is a major
contributor to airborne N deposited in southern California forests. Mechanisms of HNO3 uptake by plants, including southern
California forest trees, are not well established. In a controlled greenhouse stud... | 0 |
37,980 | Atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two UK cities | Halsall, CJ; Coleman, PJ; Jones, KC | 1,997 | As part of the Toxic Organic Micropollutants Survey (TOMPS) bulk (wet and dry) deposition fluxes of PAHs and PCDD/Fs for 1991/92 are presented for the UK cities of Manchester and Cardiff. The median annual flux for "Sigma"PAH was 5.2 and 4.1 Ag/m2/day for Manchester and Cardiff respectively, with an annual "Sigma"PCDD/... | 0 |
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