REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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83,790 | Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field | Simard, SW; Perry, DA; Jones, MD; Myrold, DD; DurallDM; Molina, R | 1,997 | Different plant species can be compatible with the same species of mycorrhizal fungi, and be connected to one another by a common mycelium,. Transfer of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, through interconnecting mycelia has been measured frequently in laboratory experiments, but it is not known whether transfer is bidir... | 0 |
53,038 | Experiments on the water balance of individual attached twigs of Picea abies (L) Karst in pure and ozone-enriched air | Maier-Maercker, U | 1,997 | Rates of transpiration and xylem sap flow were continuously measured in individual twigs in the upper crown of an 18-year-old spruce. Two gas exchange chambers were run simultaneously under identical conditions. One of two equivalent twigs was exposed to pure air whereas the other received the ozone-enriched air of the... | 0 |
43,023 | Exotic grass competition in suppressing native shrubland re-establishment | Eliason, SA; Allen, EB | 1,997 | Disturbance of coastal sage scrub in southern California has led to extensive displacement of native shrubs by exotic annual grasses. The initial conversion from shrubland to exotic grassland is typically associated with disturbance caused by intense grazing, high fire frequency, or mechanical vegetation removal. While... | 0 |
41,789 | Mycorrhizal symbiosis | Smith, SE; Read, DJ | 1,997 | N/A. | 0 |
86,256 | Asthma mortality--Illinois, 1979-1994 | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,801 | Use of a detailed model to study the exchange of NOx and O3 above and below a deciduous canopy | Walton, S; Gallagher, MW; Duyzer, JH | 1,997 | A 1D deposition model derived from work by Baldocchi (1988, Atmospheric Environment 22, 869-884), has been used to interpret the exchange of NO, NO2 and O-3 measured over an orchard (Walton et al., accepted Atmospheric Environment). Where possible, direct measurements from the orchard were used in favour of existing mo... | 0 |
41,864 | Modeling the effects of elevated tropospheric O3 on two varieties of Pinus ponderosa | Constable, JVH; Taylor, GE, Jr | 1,997 | This study used TREGRO model simulations over a 3-year period to examine the responses of the western and eastern varieties (var. ponderosa and var. scopulorum, respectively) of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. to multiple levels of tropospheric ozone (O3). In the absence of O3, TREGRO accurately modeled documen... | 0 |
92,919 | Long-term nitrogen dynamics of Coweeta forested watersheds in the southeastern United States of America | Swank, WT; Vose, JM | 1,997 | #We analyzed long-term (23 years) data of inorganic N deposition and loss for an extensive network of mature mixed hardwood covered watersheds in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina to assess trends and dynamics of N in baseline ecosystems. We also assessed watershed N saturation in the context of altered N cyc... | 0 |
53,964 | Model study of the influence of cross-tropopause O3 transports on tropospheric O3 levels | Roelofs, GJ; Lelieveld, J | 1,997 | Cross-tropopause transport of O3 is a significant factor in the tropospheric budget and distribution of O3. Nevertheless, the distribution in the troposphere of O3 that originates from the stratosphere is uncertain. We study this with a chemistry - general circulation model with relatively high spatial and temporal res... | 0 |
55,275 | Pre-activating wounding response in tobacco prior to high-level ozone exposure prevents necrotic injury | Orvar, BL; Mcpherson, J; Ellis, BE | 1,997 | In tobacco, both wounding and treatment with jasmonates prior to exposure of the tissue to high concentrations of ozone (250 to 500 p.p.b.) produce a dramatic decrease in ozone injury. A systemic pattern of increased ozone tolerance developed within 3-6 h after wounding and also after local application of jasmonates. O... | 0 |
86,262 | Kyslikove radikaly v mechanizmoch poskodenia pl'uc vyvolaneho polutantmi ovzdusia [Oxygen radicals in mechanisms of lung pathology due to air pollutants] | Visnovsky, P; Suchankova, J; Styrandova, M | 1,997 | null | 0 |
84,481 | A decent proposal?: EPA's new clean air standards | Brown, KS | 1,997 | null | 0 |
47,236 | Aerosol particle evolution in an aircraft wake: implications for the high-speed civil transport fleet impact on ozone | Danilin, MY; Rodriguez, JM; Ko, MKW; Weisenstein, DK; Brown, RC; Miakelye, RC; Anderson, MR | 1,997 | Previous calculations of the ozone impact from a fleet of high-speed civil transports (HSCTs) have been carried out by global two-dimensional (2-D) models [Bekki and Pyle, 1993; Pitari et al., 1993] which have not included explicit wake processing of sulfur species. This processing could be important for the global sul... | 0 |
92,743 | Photochemical oxidants--what else is in the atmosphere besides ozone? | Cape, JN | 1,997 | The photochemical processes which lead to oxidant production are discussed, followed by a review of plant injury caused by PAN and hydrogen peroxide. There have been few long-term experiments with PAN, which has the potential to injure vegetation at ambient concentrations. There is little risk of injury from atmospheri... | 0 |
195,906 | Ozone exposure and population density in Harris County, Texas: Comment | Guttorp, P; Meiring, W; Sampson, PD | 1,997 | null | 0 |
781 | Development of NERL/CHAD: the National Exposure Research Laboratory consolidated human activity database | Glen, G; Lakkadi, Y; Tippett, JA; del Valle-Torres, M | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This document describes the creation and development of the Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) for the Environmental Protection Agency's National Exposure Research Laboratory. This database was created to support exposure/intake dose/risk assessments. The overall design in... | 0 |
13,120 | Early airway and peripheral blood cell responses to 020 ppm ozone in healthy human subjects | Blomberg, A; Helleday, R; Pourazar, J; Stenfors, N; Kelly, FJ; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST; Sandstrom, T | 1,997 | Ozone (03) is an important secondary atmospheric pollutant known to impair lung function and induce profound airway inflammation in humans. Here we report the early changes in cells recovered by airway lavage and peripheral blood analysis following exposure to environmentally relevant ozone concentrations. Methods: Fif... | 0 |
13,122 | Ozone toxicity - an environmental dilemma | Von Muhlendahl, KE | 1,997 | null | 0 |
78,997 | Biogeochemical response of forest ecosystems to simulated chronic nitrogen deposition | Magill, AH; Aber, JD; Hendricks, JJ; Bowden, RD; Melillo, JM; Steudler, PA | 1,997 | Reported in this paper are foliar chemistry, tree growth (above- and belowground), soil chemistry, nitrogen cycling (net mineralization and nitrification) and sail N2O flux responses to the first 6 yr of chronic nitrogen amendments at the. Harvard Forest (Massachusetts, USA). A 70-yr-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) ... | 0 |
26,583 | Elevated CO2 reduces O3 flux and O3-induced yield losses in soybeans: possible implications for elevated CO2 studies | Fiscus, EL; Reid, CD; Miller, JE; Heagle, AS | 1,997 | Soybeans were grown for three seasons in open-top field chambers to determine (1) whether elevated CO2 (360 versus 700 Amol mol -1) alleviates some of the yield loss due to pollutant O3, (2) whether the partial stomatal closure resulting from chronic O3 exposure (charcoal-filtered air versus 1.5 x ambient concentration... | 0 |
52,923 | Carry-over effects of ozone on root growth and carbohydrate concentrations of ponderosa pine seedlings | Andersen, CP; Wilson, R; Plocher, M; Hogsett, WE | 1,997 | Summary Ozone exposure decreases belowground carbon allocation and root growth of plants; however, the extent to which these effects persist and the cumulative impact of ozone stress on plant growth are poorly understood. To evaluate the potential for plant compensation, we followed the progression of ozone effects, w... | 1 |
84,983 | Midwestern states balk at NOx reductions in EPA's ozone plan | Cooney, CM | 1,997 | null | 0 |
16,239 | Ozone removal techniques in the sampling of atmospheric volatile organic trace gases | Helmig, D | 1,997 | Some of the most detrimental interferences in the atmospheric analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reactions between ozone and the analytes occurring during the sampling and enrichment process. This paper provides a review of typical interferences observed and techniques to circumvent this problem by the s... | 0 |
30,252 | Growth and fruiting of tomato as influenced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone | Reinert, RA; Eason, G; Barton, J | 1,997 | 'Tiny Tim' tomato plants were exposed to five CO2 treatments (375 (ambient), 450, 525, 600 or 675 Amol mo1-1) in combination with O3(0 or 80 nmol mol-1). Biomass was evaluated following 3, 5, 7 and 13 wk exposure. Biomass following 13 wk exposure also included weekly harvests of mature tomato fruit beginning week 8. Ca... | 1 |
41,785 | Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone-exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates | Scagel, CF; Andersen, CP | 1,997 | Exposure to ozone (O-3) has been shown to decrease the allocation of carbon to tree roots. Decreased allocation of carbon to roots might disrupt root metabolism and rhizosphere organisms. The effects of soil type and shoot 0, exposure on below-ground respiration and soil microbial populations were investigated using co... | 0 |
30,003 | Enhanced ozone-tolerance in wheat grown at an elevated CO2 concentration: ozone exclusion and detoxification | Mckee, IF; Eiblmeier, M; Polle, A | 1,997 | Elevated [CO2] has been shown to protect photosynthesis and growth of wheat against moderately elevated [O3]. To investigate the role of ozone exclusion and detoxification in this protection, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wembley) was grown from seed, in controlled-environment chambers, under reciprocal combin... | 0 |
86,211 | The role of domestic allergens | Platts-Mills, TAE; Sporik, RB; Chapman, MD; Heymann, PW | 1,997 | null | 0 |
56,188 | Ozone concentration characteristics at a high-elevation forest site | Wooldridge, G; Zeller, K; Musselman, R | 1,997 | Summary Atmospheric ozone concentrations have been monitored at a subalpine forest ecosystem site, 3180 m above mean sea level (msl), and at a 2680 m msl forest-steppe ecotone site 15km to the southeast. Ozone concentrations were monitored at three heights above the ground on a 30m tower at the higher elevation site, ... | 0 |
83,665 | Integrated exposure and dose modeling and analysis system. 1. Formulation and testing of microenvironmental and pharmacokinetic components | Georgopoulos, PG; Walia, A; Roy, A; Lioy, PJ | 1,997 | The conceptual and theoretical framework for a modular integrated Exposure and Dose Modeling and Analysis System (EDMAS) has been formulated, and its stepwise implementation and testing is currently in progress. This system aims to provide state-of-the-art tools for performing integrated assessments of exposure and dos... | 0 |
83,357 | Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 hardwood and conifer stands on diverse soils | Reich, PB; Grigal, DF; Aber, JD; Gower, ST | 1,997 | National Science Foundation; Terrestrial Ecology and Global Change Program; University of Minnesota. | 0 |
52,400 | Model studies with a 3-D global CTM using ECMWF data | Sundet, JK | 1,997 | null | 0 |
41,685 | Nutrient availability alters belowground respiration of ozone-exposed ponderosa pine | Andersen, CP; Scagel, CF | 1,997 | Exposure to ozone (O(3)) and changes in soil fertility influence both the metabolism of plant roots and their interaction with rhizosphere organisms. Because one indication of altered root metabolism is a change in belowground respiratory activity, we used specially designed measurement chambers to assess the effects o... | 0 |
47,536 | An evaluation of deep convective mixing in the Goddard Chemical Transport Model using ISCCP cloud parameters | Allen, DJ; Pickering, KE; Molod, A | 1,997 | null | 0 |
44,122 | Ozone impact on photosynthetic capacity of mature and young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst): External versus internal exposure | Wieser, G | 1,997 | The use of data from seedling responses in chambers for predicting mature tree response to ozone is questionable, but only a few studies have examined whether seedlings are useful surrogates for understanding mature tree response to ozone (O(3)). This study compares effects of ambient and above ambient O(3) concentrat... | 0 |
4,584 | Regulatory Impact analyses for the particulate matter and ozone national ambient air quality standards and proposed regional haze rule (July 16, 1997) | null | 1,997 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1st PARAGRAPH: The Clean Air Act (CAA) directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to identify and set national standards for pollutants which cause adverse effects to public health and the environment. The EPA is also required to review these health and welfare-based standards at least once eve... | 0 |
43,767 | Effects of ozone on yield, growth, and root starch concentrations of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) cultivars | Renaud, JP; Allard, G; Mauffette, Y | 1,997 | #Ozone (O3) is considered to be a major air pollutant that affects the yield of several sensitive crop species. Its concentration may reach phytotoxic levels several times during the growing season in Eastern Canada. This study was initiated to evaluate the O3 effects on alfalfa, a major crop species. The objective was... | 0 |
47,929 | Effects of anthropogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing | Berntsen, TK; Isaksen, ISA; Myhre, G; Fuglestvedt, JS; Stordal, F; Larsen, TA; Freckleton, RS; Shine, KP | 1,997 | Tropospheric ozone changes since preindustrial times due to changes in emissions have been calculated by the University of Oslo global three-dimensional photochemical model. The radiative forcing caused by the increase in ozone has been calculated by two independent radiative transfer models; the University of Reading ... | 0 |
656,713 | Report of on-going and future research on ozone at the Davis campus of the University of California | Plopper, CG; Schelegle, ES | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,992 | Physiological processes and plant responses to ozone exposure | Heath, RL; Taylor, GE, Jr | 1,997 | To maintain plant growth and productivity in any ecosystem, plants must respond to all stresses in a carefully controlled manner. However, oxidant air pollutants constitute a stress that seems to lower plant productivity and to make the plant more sensitive to other diverse stresses, thus seemingly overwhelming the pla... | 0 |
4,118 | Economic and environmental benefits of biodiversity | Pimentel, D; Wilson, C; Mccullum, C; Huang, R; Dwen, P; Flack, J; Tran, Q; Saltman, T; Cliff, B | 1,997 | An analysis is presented of the services and functions provided by biodiversity, including their genes and biomass, to humans and the environment. The economic and environmental benefits of the following major contributions of biodiversity are discussed: organic waste disposal, soil formation, biological nitrogen fixat... | 0 |
53,529 | Atmospheric reactions of alkoxy and "beta"-hydroxyalkoxy radicals | Atkinson, R | 1,997 | Alkoxy and "beta"-hydroxyalkoxy radicals are key intermediates formed in the atmospheric degradations of alkanes and alkenes, respectively. In the troposphere, these alkoxy radicals can decompose, isomerize, and react with O2. The literature data concerning the rates of these reactions are evaluated, and predictive sch... | 0 |
16,250 | Evaluation of VOC emissions from building products - solid flooring materials | null | 1,997 | This report outlines the principles of a general evaluation procedure for emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials with respect to their potential effects on health and comfort. Using available knowledge, the principles have been applied to a simplified case, i.e. a procedure for the evalu... | 0 |
28,985 | Assessing the economic benefits to agriculture from air pollution control | Spash, CL | 1,997 | Agricultural crop production is highly dependent upon environmental conditions among which air quality plays a central role. Various air pollutants have been identified as a potential influence on commercial crops including SO2, NOx, O3 and CO2. In particular, ozone in the lower atmosphere has been identified as a seri... | 0 |
13,115 | The effect of ozone, nitrogen dioxide or their combination on the airway response of mild asthmatics to inhaled allergen | Jenkins, HS; Devalia, JL; Davies, RJ | 1,997 | There is now considerable evidence that pollutants such as ozone (Jorres. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996: 153: 56), nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide (Devalia. Lancet 1994: 344: 1668) increase airway sensitivity to inhaled allergen. We hypothesised that prolonged exposure to lower levels of ozone and nitrogen dioxid... | 0 |
47,593 | Airborne measurements of boundary layer chemistry during the Southern Oxidant Study: A case study | Berkowitz, CM; Shaw, WJ | 1,997 | Measurements of chemical and meteorological variables were made at several altitudes over a surface chemistry site near Nashville, Tennessee, during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study. The measurements were designed to reveal the effects of turbulent mixing on atmospheric chemistry. They were made under conditions of cle... | 1 |
13,239 | Secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons: molecular composition | Forstner, HJL; Flagan, RC; Seinfeld, JH | 1,997 | Outdoor smog chamber photooxidations to determine the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, p-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in sunlight-irradiated hydrocarbon?NOx mixtures are reported. Gas-phase mechanisms leading to the obse... | 0 |
26,425 | Photosynthesis and photorespiration in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr] chronically exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone | Booker, FL; Reid, CD; Brunschon-Harti, S; Fiscus, EL; Miller, JE | 1,997 | The effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] photosynthesis and photorespiration-related parameters were determined periodically during the growing season by measurements of gas exchange, photorespiratory enzyme activities and amino acid levels. Plants were treated in o... | 1 |
82,872 | Health effects of ozone | Devlin, RB; Raub, JA; Folinsbee, LJ | 1,997 | Ozone is the principal component of photochemical air pollution and is formed when natural or man-made volatile organic compounds react with oxides of nitrogen in the presence of sunlight. Exposing animals and human volunteers to controlled concentrations of ozone shows the importance of ozone in the adverse effects of... | 0 |
83,096 | Trace gas emissions and smoke-induced seed germination | Keeley, JE; Fotheringham, CJ | 1,997 | Dormant seeds of a California chaparral annual were induced to germinate by smoke or vapors emitted from smoke-treated sand or paper. Nitrogen oxides induced 100 percent germination in a manner similar to smoke. Smoke-treated water samples inducing germination were comparable in acidity and concentration of nitrate and... | 0 |
41,859 | Evaluation of ozone injury on foliage of black cherry (Prunus serotina) and tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park | Chappelka, A; Renfro, J; Somers, G; Nash, B | 1,997 | The incidence and severity of visible foliar ozone injury on black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings and saplings and tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) plants in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) were determined by surveys along selected trails conducted during late summer 1992. The incidence (% injured plan... | 0 |
83,356 | National ambient air quality standards for ozone; final rule | null | 1,997 | This document describes EPA's decision to revise the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone (03) based on its review of the available scientific evidence linking exposures to ambient O3 to adverse health and welfare effects at levels allowed by the current O3 standards. The current 1-hour primary stan... | 0 |
86,254 | Improvement of a respiratory ozone analyzer | Ultman, JS; Ben-Jebria, A; Mac Dougall, CS; Rigas, ML | 1,997 | The breath-to-breath measurement of total respiratory ozone (O3) uptake requires monitoring O3 concentration at the airway opening with an instrument that responds rapidly relative to the breathing frequency. Our original chemiluminescent analyzer, using 2-methyl-2-butene as the reactant gas, had a 10% to 90% step-resp... | 0 |
46,935 | Ozone increases group 5 allergen content of Lolium perenne | Masuch, GI; Franz, JT; Schoene, K; Musken, H; Bergmann, KC | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,166 | Sensitivity testing of pNEM/03 exposure estimates to improvements in model algorithms | Johnson, T; Ollison, W | 1,997 | null | 0 |
58,947 | Actinic radiation in the terrestrial atmosphere | Meier, RR; Anderson, GP; Cantrell, CA; Hall, LA; Lean, J; Minschwaner, K; Shetter, RE; Shettle, EP; Stamnes, K | 1,997 | Actinic radiation originating from the Sun drives the photochemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. Surprisingly few measurements have been made of this terrestrial forcing agent which is responsible for such anthropogenically critical issues as the production and loss of atmospheric ozone. This paper describes the status ... | 0 |
82,871 | Effect of surface ozone exposures on vegetation grown in the southern Appalachian Mountains: Identification of possible areas of concern | Lefohn, AS; Jackson, W; Shadwick, DS; Knudsen, HP | 1,997 | null | 1 |
43,727 | Aromatic carbonyl compounds as aqueous-phase photochemical sources of hydrogen peroxide in acidic sulfate aerosols, fogs, and clouds 1 Non-phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes and methoxyacetophenones with reductants (phenols) | Anastasio, C; Faust, BC; Rao, CJ | 1,997 | Non-phenolic aromatic carbonyl compounds (i.e., benzaldehydes and acetophenones not containing an -OH group on the aromatic ring) and various phenols are present in the atmosphere from the combustion of wood and other biomass and probably from the entrainment of terrestrial humic/fulvic substances present in wind-blown... | 0 |
48,209 | Dynamics of transport processes in the upper troposphere | Mahlman, JD | 1,997 | A number of key problems in atmospheric chemistry are shaped by the strength and character of the various mechanisms acting to move and mix air in the upper troposphere. These transport processes are examined from a mechanistic perspective, with primary emphasis on the tropopause and middle-troposphere regions in the e... | 0 |
86,215 | Neutrophil superoxide release and interleukin 8 in acute myocardial infarction: distinction between complicated and uncomplicated states | Riesenberg, K; Levy, R; Katz, A; Galkop, S; Schlaeffer, F | 1,997 | #Superoxide release in neutrophils and sera levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8)were determined in 15 patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction(MI) and 15 patients with uncomplicated MI. All patients showed increased superoxide release in unstimulated and stimulated neutrophils compared with healthy control subje... | 0 |
47,235 | On the potential importance of sulfur-induced activation of soot particles in nascent jet aircraft exhaust plumes | Karcher, B | 1,998 | The chemical conversion of emitted SO2 and SO3 to gaseous H2SO4 in nascent aircraft exhaust plumes and subsequent adsorption of the fully oxidized sulfur species on the surfaces of emitted combustion aerosols (soot) is investigated. Results are presented for the mass fractions of SO3 and H2SO4 acquired per soot particl... | 0 |
12,494 | Design of air-quality monitoring networks | Nychka, D; Saltzman, N | 1,998 | Where should ozone be measured? It is well accepted that high levels of ozone are not only damaging to human health but also reduce crop yield and damage vegetation. However, the continuous measurement of ozone at a location is relatively expensive and so the number and locations of instruments need to be chosen judici... | 0 |
52,409 | Satellite mapping of enhanced BrO concentrations in the troposphere | Wagner, T; Platt, U | 1,998 | Reactive bromine species contribute significantly to the destruction of ozone in the polar stratosphere. Reactive halogen compounds can have a strong effect not only on the chemistry of the stratosphere but also on that of the underlying troposphere. For example, severe ozone depletion events that are less persistent t... | 0 |
7,060 | An analysis of measurements and modeling of air-surface exchange of NO-NO2-O3 over grass | Padro, J; Zhang, L; Massman, WJ | 1,998 | This study lends support to the view that a dry deposition model for NO, NO2 and O-3 should include the appropriate chemical reactions in the surface layer concentration equation. Here, we attempt to include this mechanism in a model that is based on a K-theory (a rough approximation that has been criticized in the lit... | 0 |
86,101 | Hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity in neonatal guinea pigs is not inflammation dependent | Canada, AT; Schulman, SR; Winsett, DW; Pinkerton, KE; Costa, D | 1,998 | null | 0 |
86,104 | Allergen/irritant interaction--its role in sensitization and allergic diseases | Devalia, JL; Rusznak, C; Davies, RJ | 1,998 | null | 0 |
51,020 | Science advisory board; notification of public advisory committee meetings; open meetings | null | 1,998 | Pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law 92- 463, notice is hereby given that four committees/subcommittees of the Science Advisory Board (SAB) will meet on the dates and times described below. All times noted are Eastern Time. All meetings are open to the public. Due to limited space, seating at meet... | 0 |
30,137 | Growth, light interception and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grown under elevated CO2 and O3 in open-top chambers | Mulholland, BJ; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Atherton, J; Landon, G | 1,998 | #Spring wheat cv. Minaret was grown to maturity under three carbon dioxide (CO2) and two ozone (O3) concentrations in open-top chambers (OTC). Green leaf area index (LAT) was increased by elevated CO2 under ambient O3 conditions as a direct result of increases in tillering, rather than individual leaf areas. Yellow LAI... | 0 |
37,987 | New results on the atmospheric photooxidation of simple alkylbenzenes | Klotz, B; Barnes, I; Becker, KH | 1,998 | A study of the photolysis of two postulated intermediates in the OH initiated photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene oxide/oxepin and toluene-1,2-oxide/2-methyloxepin, has been conducted under the real light conditions of a large volume outdoor reaction chamber. The main focus of the study was on the formatio... | 0 |
37,928 | Analysis of airborne carboxylic acids and phenols as their pentafluorobenzyl derivatives: gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry with a novel chemical ionization reagent, PFBOH | Chien, CJ; Charles, MJ; Sexton, KG; Jeffries, HE | 1,998 | The complex photochemical transformations of biogenic hydrocarbons such as isoprene and of anthropogenic hydrocarbons such as aromatics are an important source of carboxylic acids in the troposphere. The identification of unknown carboxylic acids can be difficult, however, due to the lack of standards as well as poor s... | 0 |
15,422 | Tazanolast inhibits ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs | Igarashi, A; Iijima, H; Tamura, G; Shirato, K | 1,998 | We studied the inhibitory effect of tazanolast, a selective mast-cell-stabilizing drug, on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness to methacholine peaked at 2 h after ozone exposure (2.0 ppm for 2 h) and the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid continued t... | 0 |
86,337 | Methods development for epidemiologic investigations of the health effects of prolonged ozone exposure Part I: variability of pulmonary function measures | Tager, IB; Kunzli, N; Ngo, L; Balmes, J | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 |
1,167 | Summary of the workshop on clinical studies and particulate matter | Utell, MJ; Drew, R | 1,998 | 1st/2nd PARAGRAPHS: There is no doubt that the dramatic air pollution episodes of 40 or more years ago, like the London fog of December 1952, had a major impact upon health. Laws and regulations promulgated in Europe and the United States since then reduced the concentration of major air pollutants and there have been ... | 0 |
55,123 | Satellite estimation of spectral surface UV irradiance in the presence of tropospheric aerosols: 1 Cloud-free case | Krotkov, NA; Bhartia, PK; Herman, JR; Fioletov, V; Kerr, J | 1,998 | The algorithm for determining spectral UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) flux in cloud-free conditions is discussed, including estimates of the various error sources (uncertainties in ground reflectivity, ozone amount, ozone profile shape, surface height, and aerosol attenuation). It is shown that the Brewer-measur... | 0 |
41,451 | Epidemiological analyses of the relationship between environmental pollution and asthma | Duhme, H; Weiland, SK; Keil, U | 1,998 | Epidemiological studies performed on children and young adults indicate that the prevalence of asthma has increased over the past decades in a number of countries. Since genetic determinants alone are unlikely to explain these findings, environmental factors are expected to have an important impact on the prevalence of... | 0 |
52,366 | Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry 2 Model evaluation and global ozone budget | Wang, Y; Logan, JA; Jacob, DJ | 1,998 | Results from a global three-dimensional model for tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry are presented and evaluated with surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft measurements. Seasonal variations and regional distributions of ozone, NO, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), CO, ethane, acetone, and H2O2 are examined. The model repro... | 0 |
13,222 | cis-Pinic acid, a possible precursor for organic aerosol formation from ozonolysis of "alpha"-pinene | Christoffersen, TS; Hjorth, J; Horie, O; Jensen, NR; Kotzias, D; Molander, LL; Neeb, P; Ruppert, L; Winterhalter, R; Virkkula, A; Wirtz, K; Larsen, BR | 1,998 | Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt. #A method for the analysis of carboxylic acids in aerosols was developed, based on the collection of particles on Teflon filters (2.5 cm diameter with a 0.4 "mu"m pore size), extraction with dichloromethane, and derivatization with BF3-methanol followed by analysis of the formed methyles... | 0 |
54,070 | Dissolved organic nitrogen in precipitation at the mid-Atlantic US coast--methods evaluation and preliminary data | Scudlark, JR; Russell, KM; Galloway, JN; Church, TM; Keene, WC | 1,998 | #Recent studies have documented the importance of inorganic nitrogen deposited from the atmosphere to coastal waters. However, due to the limited number of field measurements and concerns about the reliability of measurement techniques, the aeolian flux of organic N is very uncertain. In this study we evaluate commonly... | 0 |
89,406 | Model estimates of regional nitric oxide emissions from soils of the southeastern United States | Davidson, EA; Potter, CS; Schlesinger, P; Klooster, SA | 1,998 | Efforts to reduce tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution in the southeastern United States by reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds have had only modest success, and attention is now being drawn to sources of nitrogen oxide (NOx), which is the other major precursor of photochemical production of O3. Emissions of ... | 0 |
41,457 | [Impact of air pollution on mortality and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma emergency-room visits in Barcelona, Spain]. | Tobias Garces, A; Sunyer Deu, J; Castellsague Pique, J; Saez Zafra, M; Anto Boque, JM | 1,998 | #OBJECTIVES: Air pollution has been associated with increased mortality according to studies carried out in the US. The APHEA project (Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach) analyzes the short-term effects in 15 european cities. We evaluated the acute relation between air pollution, mortality, and hospital emerg... | 0 |
1,268 | Toxicity of ozone to fish larvae and Daphnia magna | Leynen, M; Duvivier, L; Girboux, P; Ollevier, F | 1,998 | Ozone can be used as an alternative to chlorination to control biofouling in cooling water systems. The possible negative environmental impact of a discharge of ozone-containing cooling water was investigated. The acute toxicity of dissolved ozone was determined for fish larvae of three species [Cyprinus carpio(at 27?C... | 0 |
697,258 | Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations | Shindell, DT:R; Lonergan, P | 1,998 | The chemical reactions responsible for stratospheric ozone
depletion are extremely sensitive to temperature(1). Greenhouse gases warm the Earth's surface
but cool the stratosphere radiatively(2-5) and therefore affect ozone depletion. Here we
investigate the interplay between projected future emissions of greenho... | 0 |
18,294 | Effects of chemical mechanism uncertainties on the reactivity quantification of volatile organic compounds using a three-dimensional air quality model | Bergin, MS; Russel, AG; Milford, JB | 1,998 | Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy. | 0 |
52,012 | Ozone--solution to indoor air quality problems? | Cox, CM | 1,998 | null | 0 |
46,990 | Ozone risk assessment utilities (ORAMUS) users manual and tutorial: volume 2, chronic health endpoints | Whitfield, RG; Jussko, MJ; Clemmons, MA | 1,998 | The primary purpose of this manual is to provide instructions on how to install and use the ORAMUS (Ozone Risk AssessMent UtilitieS) software. ORAMUS is a DOS-based software system that allows you to calculate and view risk estimates for health effects attributable to short- and longterm exposure to tropospheric ozone.... | 0 |
86,158 | Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma: Role of neutrophil-derived serine proteinases | Hiltermann, TJN; Peters, EA; Alberts, B; Kwikkers, K; Borggreven, PA; Hiemstra, PS; Dijkman, JH; van Bree, LA; Stolk, J | 1,998 | Proteinase inhibitors may be of potential therapeutic value in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. Our aim was to study the role of neutrophils, and neutrophil-derived serine proteinases in an acute model in patients with asthma. Exposure to ozone induce... | 1 |
42,194 | The influence of meteorological parameters on ultrafine particle production at a continental site | Birmili, W; Wiedensohler, A | 1,998 | N/A. | 0 |
13,265 | Air pollution: the environmental phoenix | Bates, DV | 1,998 | N/A. | 0 |
93,679 | Development of a regression model to forecast ground-level ozone concentration in Louisville, KY | Hubbard, MC; Cobourn, GW | 1,998 | University of Louisville, KY; Air Pollution Control District of Jefferson County, KY. | 0 |
15,438 | Studies on the biological effects of ozone: 7 Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after exposure of human blood to ozone | Bocci, V; Valacchi, G; Corradeschi, F; Aldinucci, C; Silvestri, S; Paccagnini, E; Gerli, R | 1,998 | The acceptance of any complementary medical approach is conditioned by the results obtained after the same scientific scrutiny applied in orthodox medicine. Otherwise any claim of efficacy remains in the realm of fiction. In the case of ozone therapy, the mechanisms of action have remained nebulous and in a series of p... | 0 |
26,302 | Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an interpretative review | Adams, RM; Hurd, BH; Lenhart, S; Leary, N | 1,998 | #Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity. Concern over the potential effects of long-term climatic change on agriculture has motivated a substantial body of research over the past decade. This body of research addresses possible physical effects of climatic change on agriculture, such as changes... | 0 |
86,750 | Inhibition of arachidonic acid esterification in human airway epithelial cells exposed to ozone in vitro | Madden, MC; Friedman, M; Dailey, LA; Samet, JM | 1,998 | null | 0 |
29,730 | Photochemical ozone creation potentials for organic compounds in northwest Europe calculated with a master chemical mechanism | Derwent, RG; Jenkin, ME; Saunders, SM; Pilling, MJ | 1,998 | Department of the Environment, Transport and The Regions (United Kingdom); European Commission. | 0 |
47,811 | Relative production of ozone and nitrates in urban and rural power plant plumes 1 Composite results based on data from 10 field measurement days | Gillani, NV; Meagher, JF; Valente, RJ; Imhoff, RE; Tanner, RL; Luria, M | 1,998 | A rather limited number of large power plants are responsible for about 2/3 and 1/3 of the U.S. anthropogenic emissions of SO(2) and NO(x) , respectively. Considerable uncertainty continues to prevail about the local and regional impact of their potentially harmful secondary products (e.g., ozone, sulfates, nitrates). ... | 0 |
13,104 | Mouse-specific carcinogens: An assessment of hazard and significance for validation of short-term carcinogenicity bioassays in transgenic mice | Battershill, JM; Fielder, RJ | 1,998 | The International Conference on the Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) has agreed that bioassay data from only one species, the rat, supported by appropriate mutagenicity and pharmacokinetic data and also information from new (unvalidated) short term in v... | 0 |
4,282 | Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems | Levin, SA | 1,998 | Ecosystems are prototypical examples of complex adaptive systems, in which patterns at higher levels emerge from localized interactions and selection processes acting at lower levels. An essential aspect of such systems is nonlinearity, leading to historical dependency and multiple possible outcomes of dynamics. Given ... | 0 |
15,425 | Role of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in hepatic and pulmonary toxicity | Laskin, DL; Heck, DE; Laskin, JD | 1,998 | Exposure of humans and experimental animals to inhaled irritants such as ozone, induces an acute inflammatory response and lung injury. We hypothesize that macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators contribute to the pathogenic process. Treatment of rats with ozone (2 ppm, 3 h) results in damage ... | 1 |
86,103 | Ozone affects breathing and pulmonary surfactant function in mice | Currie, WD; van Schaik, SM; Vargas, I; Enhorning, G | 1,998 | The effect on breathing of BALB/c mice immediately following ozone exposure (2 ppm) for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h was studied with a whole body plethysmograph. Whether such exposure affected the normal function of pulmonary surfactant of maintaining airway patency was evaluated with a capillary surfactometer. Respiratory rat... | 0 |
47,199 | Heterogeneous processes involving atmospheric particulate matter | Schurath, U; Naumann, KH | 1,998 | Atmospheric aerosol particles differ widely by size, surface area, and chemical composition. The particles are either dry solid or deliquescent, depending on relative humidity. According to their surface properties, aerosol particles are suspected, and in a number of cases have been shown, to interact with gaseous envi... | 0 |
55,034 | A possible photochemical link between stratospheric and near- surface ozone on Swiss mountain sites in late winter | Bronnimann, S; Neu, U | 1,998 | Record high near-surface ozone concentrations at two elevated sites (Chaumont, 1140 m asl, and Rigi, 1030 m asl) in Switzerland were observed simultaneously with extremely low total ozone during a fair weather period in mid-February 1993. An analysis of ozone, temperature, humidity, and wind profiles suggests that the ... | 0 |
80,404 | Proceedings of the international symposium on air pollution and climate change: Effects on forest ecosystems; February 1996; Riverside, CA | Bytnerowicz, A; Arbaugh, MJ; Schilling, SL | 1,998 | null | 0 |
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