REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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86,736 | Adjusting for temporal variation in the analysis of parallel time series of health and environmental variables | Cakmak, S; Burnett, R; Krewski, D | 1,998 | Time series of daily administrative cardio respiratory health and environmental information have been extensively used to assess the potential public health impact of ambient air pollution. Both series are subject to strong but unrelated temporal cycles. These cycles must he removedfrom the time series prior to examini... | 0 |
55,032 | Absorption spectra measurements for the ozone molecule in the 350-830 nm region | Brion, J; Chakir, A; Charbonnier, J; Daumont, D; Parisse, C; Malicet, J | 1,998 | Absolute absorption cross-sections of ozone have been measured at ambient (295 K) and low temperature (218 K) in tbe visible region corresponding to the Chappuis bands. The temperature effect has been studied and found to be very small. The minimum of the absorption between the Hartley and the Chappuis bands is observe... | 0 |
35,354 | Responses of leaf processes in a sensitive birch (Betula pendula Roth) clone to ozone combined with drought | Paakkonen, E; Gunthardt-Georg, MS; Holopainen, T | 1,998 | #Saplings of an ozone sensitive clone of birch (Betula pendulaRoth, KL-5-M) were well-watered or exposed to mild drought-stress combined with ambient or elevated (1.5Ithe ambient) ozone for 11 weeks in open-field conditions in central Finland. Stomatal response, visible injury, chlorophyll and nutrient content, and cha... | 0 |
54,107 | Intercomparison of NO, NO2, NOy, O3, and ROx measurements during the oxidizing capacity of the tropospheric atmosphere (OCTA) campaign 1993 at Izana | Zenker, T; Fischer, H; Nikitas, C; Parchatka, U; Harris, GW; Mihelcic, D; Musgen, P; Patz, HW; Schultz, M; Volz-Thomas, A; Schmitt, R; Behmann, T; Weissenmayer, M; Burrows, JP | 1,998 | An informal comparison of NO, NO2, NOy, O3, and ROx measurements obtained by different instruments and techniques at Izana in 1993 during the European Oxidizing Capacity of the Tropospheric Atmosphere (OCTA) campaign was performed. For O3, two UV instruments agree within 7% (95% cl.) limited by a difference in response... | 0 |
86,754 | O3-induced formation of bioactive lipids: Estimated surface concentrations and lining layer effects | Postlethwait, EM; Cueto, R; Velsor, LW; Pryor, WA | 1,998 | Recent evidence suggests that inhaled ozone (03) does not induce toxicity via direct epithelial interactions. Reactions with epithelial lining fluid (ELF)constituents limit cellular contact and generate products, including lipid ozonation products, postulated to initiate pathophysiological cascades. To delineate specif... | 1 |
93,802 | Ozone sensitivity in hybrid poplar is correlated with a lack of defense-gene activation | Koch, JR; Scherzer, AJ; Eshita, SM; Davis, KR | 1,998 | Ozone is a major gaseous pollutant thought to contribute to forest decline. Although the physiological and morphological responses of forest trees to ozone have been well characterized, little is known about the molecular basis for these responses. Our studies compared the response to ozone of ozone-sensitive and ozone... | 0 |
85,932 | A case study of emission changes and ozone responses | Pryor, SC | 1,998 | The ability to determine the sensitivity of O-3 to NOx and/or VOC is central to the development of successful programs to reduce ambient O-3 concentrations. Equally, quantifying trends in surface O-3 time series in response to emissions changes is critical to determining the success of those programs. However, whilst b... | 0 |
36,316 | Depletion of human stratum corneum vitamin E: an early and sensitive in vivo marker of UV induced photo-oxidation | Thiele, JJ; Traber, MG; Packer, L | 1,998 | As the outermost barrier of the body, the stratum corneum (SC) is frequently and directly exposed to a pro-oxidative environment, including ultraviolet solar radiation (UVR). Therefore, we hypothesized that the SC is susceptible to LJVR induced depletion of vitamin F, the major lipophilic antioxidant. To test this, we ... | 0 |
86,217 | Analysis of the relationships between environmental factors (aeroallergens, air pollution, and weather) and asthma emergency admissions to a hospital in Mexico City | Rosas, I; Mccartney, HA; Payne, RW; Calderon, C; Lacey, J; Chapela, R; Ruiz-Velazco, S | 1,998 | British Council Link Programme; Instituteo Mexicano del Petroleo; Programa Univeritario de Investigacion; United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biological Research Council. #There have been several studies of the relationships between environmental factors, particularly air pollution, and attacks of asthma. Most of these st... | 0 |
55,135 | Ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence: a source risk approach | Slaper, H; Velders, GJM; Matthijsen, J | 1,998 | The atmospheric ozone layer serves as a protective filter against (part of) the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The depletion of the ozone layer, which was observed on a global scale over the past decades, is most probably caused by the global emission of halocarbons, and leads to an increase in UV at ... | 0 |
47,618 | Influence of springtime weather systems on vertical ozone distributions over three North American sites | Cooper, OR; Moody, JL; Davenport, JC; Oltmans, SJ; Johnson, BJ; Chen, X; Shepson, PB; Merrill, JT | 1,998 | The Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE) `96 Springtime Intensive was designed to quantify major atmospheric chemical species transported from the United States east coast to the North Atlantic Ocean. During the study ozonesondes were launched almost every day between March 22 and May 3, 1996, from Charlottes... | 0 |
41,756 | Growth responses of seedlings of six Betula pubescens Ehrh Provenances to six ozone exposure regimes | Mortensen, LM | 1,998 | Seedlings of six provenances of Betula pubescens Ehrh. from different latitudes (59-70"degree"N) were grown under six ozone exposure regimes by combining different concentrations and daily exposure periods. The different treatments at increasing O(3) exposure over 40 nmol mol(-1) (AOT40 given in parentheses) were: 19 n... | 0 |
7,264 | Association between air pollution and intrauterine mortality in Sao Paulo, Brazil | Pereira, LAA; Loomis, D; Conceicao, GMS; Braga, ALF; Arcas, RM; Kishi, HS; Singer, JM; Bohm, GM; Saldiva, PHN | 1,998 | The associations among daily counts of intrauterine mortality and pollutant concentrations (NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and particulate matter (3/4)10 microm) were investigated for the period ranging from January 1991 to December 1992 in the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. We used Poisson regression techniques, adjusted for season an... | 1 |
48,309 | Measurements of PAN, PPN, and MPAN made during the 1994 and 1995 Nashville Intensives of the Southern Oxidant Study: implications for regional ozone production from biogenic hydrocarbons | Roberts, JM; Williams, J; Baumann, K; Buhr, MP; Goldan, PD; Holloway, J; Hubler, G; Kuster, WC; Mckeen, SA; Ryerson, TB; Trainer, M; Williams, EJ; Fehsenfeld, FC; Bertman, SB; Nouaime, G; Seaver, C; Grodzinsky, G; Rodgers, M; Young, VL | 1,998 | Isoprene and a variety of other reactive hydrocarbons are released in large quantities by vegetation in forested regions and are thought to participate in the NOx-catalyzed production of ozone, a serious air quality problem in North America and Europe [National Research Council, 1991]. The determination of the fraction... | 0 |
52,337 | Internal consistency tests for evaluation of measurements of anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the troposphere | Parrish, DD; Trainer, M; Young, V; Goldan, PD; Kuster, WC; Jobson, BT; Fehsenfeld, FC; Lonneman, WA; Zika, RD; Farmer, CT; Riemer, DD; Rodgers, MO | 1,998 | Measurements of tropospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) made in continental North America should exhibit a common pattern determined by photochemical removal and dilution acting upon the typical North American urban emissions. We analyze 11data sets collected in the United States in the context of this hypothesis,... | 0 |
47,474 | Enhanced absorption of UV radiation due to multiple scattering in clouds: experimental evidence and theoretical explanation | Mayer, B; Kylling, A; Madronich, S; Seckmeyer, G | 1,998 | Measurements of spectral ultraviolet-B irradiance under optically thick clouds show strongly enhanced attenuation by molecular and particulate absorbers. The atmospheric photon path is enhanced owing to the presence of a highly scattering medium, leading to an amplification of absorption by tropospheric ozone and aeros... | 0 |
86,124 | Asthma severity and susceptibility to air pollution | Hiltermann, TJN; Stolk, J; van der Zee, SC; Brunekreef, B; de Bruijne, CR; Fischer, PH; Ameling, CB; Sterk, PJ; Hiemstra, PS; van Bree, L | 1,998 | Exacerbations of asthma have been associated with exposure to ozone or particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10). We postulated in this study that the association of summertime air pollution (i.e. ozone and PM10) with acute respiratory symptoms, medication use and peak expiratory flow differ... | 0 |
5,423,567 | Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 assessment | null | 1,998 | null | 0 |
15,500 | Caracteristicas morfologicas de la mucosa nasal en ninos sanos expuestos a differentes concentraciones de contaminacion atmosferica [Morphological features of the nasal mucosa in healthy children exposed to different concentrations of atmospheric pollution] | Meza Morales, A; Arreguin, OL; Navarrete, F; Huerta Lopez, JG; Medina, G | 1,998 | Objective: During the last decades the impact of pollution in big cities on the upper respiratory tract of children has become an issue of interest. The purpose of the present study was to determine if exposure of healthy children to different concentrations of atmospheric pollution alters morphologically the nasal res... | 0 |
86,760 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate: review of toxicity | Vyskocil, A; Viau, C; Lamy, S | 1,998 | #PAN is one of a class of common air pollutants formed by the action of sunlight on volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. No toxicokinetic studies have been found in the available literature. The acute toxicity of PAN is less than that of ozone, similar to NO2 and higher than SO2. The LC50 in mice and rats we... | 0 |
57,492 | Quantification of personal solar UV exposure of outdoor workers, indoor workers and adolescents at two locations in Southeast Queensland | Kimlin, MG; Parisi, AV; Wong, JCF | 1,998 | null | 0 |
29,457 | Global OH trend inferred from methylchloroform measurements | Krol, M; Van Leeuwen, PJ; Lelieveld, J | 1,998 | Space Research Organization, National Research Program, The Netherlands. | 0 |
87,571 | Assessment of a Bayesian multivariate interpolation approach for health impact studies | Sun, W; Le, ND; Zidek, JV; Burnett, R | 1,998 | Health impact studies of air pollution often require estimates of pollutant concentrations at locations where monitoring data are not available, using the concentrations observed at other monitoring stations and possibly at different time periods. Recently, a Bayesian approach for such a temporal and spatial interpolat... | 0 |
52,789 | Hierarchy of ozone scavenging reactions in the plant cell wall | Moldau, H | 1,998 | To estimate protection of the plasmalemma against ozone by the cell apoplast, the decomposition network of ozone in the mesophyll cell wall is analysed in consideration of data on published bimolecular reaction rate constants and concentrations of the reactants involved. The effect of dimerization of ascorbate free rad... | 0 |
86,645 | Air pollution and daily mortality in Sydney, Australia, 1989 through 1993 | Morgan, G; Corbett, S; Wlodarczyk, J; Lewis, P | 1,998 | OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of outdoor air pollutants in Sydney, Australia, on daily mortality. METHODS: Time-series analysis was performed on counts of daily mortality and major outdoor air pollutants (particulates, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide) in Sydney (1989 to 1993) with adjustment for seasonal and ... | 0 |
40,856 | Relationship between acute ozone responsiveness and chronic loss of lung function in residents of a high-ozone community | Gong, H, Jr; Simmons, MS; Linn, WS; Mcdonnell, WF; Westerdahl, D | 1,998 | We hypothesized that acute respiratory responsiveness to ozone predicts chronic lung injury from repeated exposure to ozone-containing air pollution. We tested this hypothesis in 164 middle-aged nonsmoking residents of an ozone-polluted community who underwent lung-function measurements during 1986 and 1987 (i.e., time... | 0 |
30,241 | Combined effects of chronic ozone and elevated CO2 on rubisco activity and leaf components in soybean (Glycine max) | Reid, CD; Fiscus, EL; Burkey, KO | 1,998 | Content and activity of Rubisco and concentrations of leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were determined at regular intervals during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons to understand the effects and interactions of [O3] and elevated [CO2] on biochemical limitations to photosynthesis d... | 0 |
2,151 | Surveillance for asthma--United States, 1960-1995 | Mannino, DM; Homa, DM; Pertowski, CA; Ashizawa, A; Nixon, LL; Johnson, CA; Ball, LB; Jack, E; Kang, DS | 1,998 | Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States, and it has increased in importance during the preceding 20 years. Despite its importance, no comprehensive surveillance system has been established that measures asthma trends at the state or local level. Reporting Period: This report summarizes an... | 0 |
48,210 | Stratified atmospheric boundary layers and breakdown of models | Mahrt, L | 1,998 | The goal of this study is to assess complications in atmospheric stable boundary layers which are not included in numerical models of the stably stratified boundary layer and to provide a formulation of surface fluxes for use in numerical models. Based on an extensive interpretive literature survey and new eddy correla... | 0 |
14,088 | Atmospheric transmission in the ultraviolet and visible: aerosols in cloudy atmospheres | Erlick, C; Frederick, JE; Saxena, VK; Wenny, BN | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This study considers the effects of aerosols in cloudy atmospheres on the wavelength dependence of atmospheric transmission in the ultraviolet and visible parts of the solar spectrum. Normalizing the transmission to that of a cloud- an... | 0 |
15,436 | Chronic exposure to ozone causes tolerance to airway hyperresponsiveness in guiea pigs: lack of SOD role | Vargas, MH; Romero, L; Sommer, B; Zamudio, P; Gustin, P; Montano, LM | 1,998 | European Community; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Mexico); Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.Tolerance to respiratory effects of O3 has been demonstrated for anatomic and functional changes, but information about tolerance to O3-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is scarce. In guinea pigs expose... | 0 |
12,042 | Effects of nitrogen deposition on field layer vegetation in south Swedish oak forests | Brunet, J; Diekmann, M; Falkengren-Grerup, U | 1,998 | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. #The influence of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on mixed-oak forest vegetation along a deposition gradient in south Sweden was studied using multivariate methods. The main vegetation gradients were largely controlled by soil acidity, nitrogen supply, canopy composition and th... | 0 |
2,937 | Endogenous ascorbate level modulates ozone tolerance in Euglena gracilis cells | Bilodeau, C; Chevrier, N | 1,998 | A wild type (WT) and a colourless mutant (CM) of Euglena gracilis were used to study the biochemical effects of ozone (O-3) stress on the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AA-GSH cycle). The WT cells had higher initial ascorbate (AA) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) activity but lower glutathio... | 0 |
40,838 | Studying the effects of aerosols on vertical photolysis rate coefficient and temperature profiles over an urban airshed | Jacobson, MZ | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation. This paper discusses the effects of size- and composition-resolved aerosols on photolysis and temperatures within and above an urban airshed. With respect to photolysis, three-dimensional simulations indicated that (1) in regions of the boundary layer ... | 0 |
73,857 | Imputing unmeasured explanatory variables in environmental epidemiology with application to health impact analysis of air pollution | Zidek, JV; White, R; Le, ND; Sun, W; Burnett, RT | 1,998 | #This paper presents the results of a reconsideration of earlier work that finds an association between daily hospital admissions for respiratory distress and daily concentrations of sulphate (lag 1) as well as daily maximum concentrations of ozone (lags 1 and 3). These associations are found even after clustering the ... | 0 |
86,338 | Methods development for epidemiologic investigations of the health effects of prolonged ozone exposure Part II: an approach to retrospective estimation of lifetime ozone exposure using a questionnaire and ambient monitoring data (California sites) | Tager, IB; Kunzli, N; Lurmann, F; Ngo, L; Segal, M; Balmes, J | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 |
90,338 | Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of nitrogen dioxide and pans with luminol chemiluminescent detection | Gaffney, JS; Bornick, RM; Chen, YH; Marley, NA | 1,998 | Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) and nitrogen dioxide are important atmospheric air pollutants in the troposphere. These atmospheric nitrogen species are strongly coupled chemically by a clearly temperature-dependent equilibrium in the troposphere. A chemical method that can measure both nitrogen dioxide and PANs rapidly and... | 0 |
86,165 | Adaptation of extrapulmonary responses to ozone exposure in conscious rats | Iwasaki, T; Takahashi, M; Saito, H; Arito, H | 1,998 | The adaptation of cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to ozone (O3) was examined by repeated exposure of lectrocardiographic(ECG) electrode- and thermistor sensor implanted rats to O3 for 4consecutive days (8 hrs/day). Circadian rhythms of heart rate (HR) and abdominal core temperature (Tco) were disrupted on... | 1 |
73,855 | Peak flow rate changes in O3 exposed children: Spirometry vs miniWright flow meters | Lippmann, M; Spektor, DM | 1,998 | We compared 'miniWright' peak flow (mWPF) readings with spirometric peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) in 91 children, aged 8-15, exposed to ambient air at a summer camp in northwestern New Jersey. mWPF measurements immediately preceded spirometry, and mWPF-PEFR differences were regressed on spirometric PEFR by child. T... | 0 |
42,250 | A novel method for chronic measurement of pleural pressure in conscious rats | Murphy, DJ; Renninger, JP; Gossett, KA | 1,998 | Pleural pressures are used to evaluate lung function and are generally measured acutely in anesthetized animals. Previous attempts to measure pleural pressure chronically in conscious animals have involved surgical implantation of pressure-sensitive catheters directly into the pleural cavity. The success of these techn... | 0 |
47,927 | Past and future changes in global tropospheric ozone: impact on radiative forcing | Brasseur, GP; Kiehl, JT; Muller, JF; Schneider, T; Granier, C; Tie, XX; Hauglustaine, D | 1,998 | Calculations by a global three-dimensional chemical transport model of the atmosphere suggest that increased surface emissions of chemical compounds caused by industrial activities at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and by biomass burning in the tropics since the middle of the 19th century have produced an inc... | 0 |
30,220 | Air pollution and global change: significance and prospectives | Posthumus, AC | 1,998 | null | 0 |
57,500 | Canadian National Survey on Sun Exposure & Protective Behaviours: youth at leisure | Lovato, CY; Shoveller, JA; Peters, L; Rivers, JK | 1,998 | OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of sun exposure and protective behaviours during leisure time among Canadian youth 15 to 24 years of age. DESIGN: A random-digit-dialling telephone household survey of 4023 people 15 years of age or more was completed in 1996; 574 youth responded to questions about their sun exposu... | 0 |
85,812 | Measurement of air exchange rate of stationary vehicles and estimation of in-vehicle exposure | Park, JH; Spengler, JD; Yoon, DW; Dumyahn, T; Lee, K; Ozkaynak, H | 1,998 | The air exchange rates or air changes per hour (A CH) were measured under 4 conditions in 3 stationary automobiles. The ACH ranged between 1.0 and 3.0 h-1 with windows closed and no mechanical ventilation, between 1.8 and 3.7 h-1 for windows closed with fan set on recirculation, between 13.3 and 26.1 h-1 for window ope... | 0 |
16,122 | Effects of ozone exposure in rats on memory and levels of brain and pulmonary superoxide dismutase | Rivas-Arancibia, S; Vazquez-Sandoval, R; Gonzalez-Kladiano, D; Schneider-Rivas, S; Lechuga-Guerrero, A | 1,998 | #Exposure to ozone results in increased production of free radicals, which causes oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of ozone exposure on memory and to correlate this with pulmonary and brain Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Male Wistar rats were expose... | 0 |
52,415 | Dissipation and mixing of a small-scale stratospheric intrusion in the upper troposphere | Langford, AO; Reid, SJ | 1,998 | Ground-based lidar measurements of ozone mixing ratio and aerosol backscatter profiles above Fritz Peak Observatory near Boulder, Colorado (39.9 degrees N, 105.3 degrees W), are used in conjunction with nearby radiosonde profiles and GOES-9 satellite water vapor imagery to describe the mixing of a dry, ozone-rich strea... | 0 |
52,750 | Oxidative burst and hypoosmotic stress in tobacco cell suspensions | Cazale, AC; Rouet-Mayer, MA; Barbier-Brygoo, H; Mathieu, Y; Lauriere, C | 1,998 | Oxidative burst constitutes an early response in plant defense reactions toward pathogens, but active oxygen production may also be induced by other stimuli. The oxidative response of suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) cells to hypoosmotic and mechanical stresses was characterized. The oxidase in... | 0 |
52,391 | Evaluation of modeled O3 using measurement of ozone by airbus in-service aircraft (MOZAIC) data | Law, KS; Plantevin, PH; Shallcross, DE; Rogers, HL; Pyle, JA; Grouhel, C; Thouret, V; Marenco, A | 1,998 | The O3 distribution calculated by a global three-dimensional chemistry transport model, TQMCAT, is compared to O3 data collected on Airbus A340 passenger aircraft as part of the Measurement of Ozone by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) project. The model results are compared to seasonally averaged data at cruise alti... | 0 |
41,856 | Ozone and forest trees | Broadmeadow, M | 1,998 | null | 0 |
57,358 | Numerical ecology | Legendre, P; Legendre, I | 1,998 | null | 0 |
35,265 | Growth of five hybrid poplar genotypes exposed to interacting elevated CO2 and O3 | Dickson, RE; Coleman, MD; Reimenschneider, DE; Isebrands, JG; Hogan, GD; Karnosky, DF | 1,998 | A wide variety of hybrid poplar clones are being introduced for intensive culture biomass production, but the potential clonal or genotypic response to increasing tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and their interactions are unknown. To study these effects, we exposed five different hybrid Populus clones to... | 0 |
48,212 | Ozone formation and transport in southeastern United States: overview of the SOS Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study | Meagher, JF; Cowling, EB; Fehsenfeld, FC; Parkhurst, WJ | 1,998 | The Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) is a public-private partnership collectively engaged, since 1989, in a coordinated program of policy-relevant research to improve scientific and public understanding of tropospheric ozone pollution. In the summers of 1994 and 1995, SOS implemented the Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone S... | 0 |
90,171 | Cost-efficient techniques for urban and background measurements of SO2 and NO2 | Ferm, M; Svanberg, PA | 1,998 | Urban and background concentrations of SO2 and NO2 have been measured in Sweden for the last 30 yr. During this time the measuring techniques have continuously been improved. Today very cost-efficient, sensitive and accurate techniques are used to measure concentrations on a monthly and on a daily basis. Background as ... | 0 |
86,164 | Cloning of rat eotaxin: ozone inhalation increases mRNA and protein expression in lungs of brown Norway rats | Ishii, Y; Shirato, M; Nomura, A; Sakamoto, T; Uchida, Y; Ohtsuka, M; Sagai, M; Hasegawa, S | 1,998 | The C-C chemokine eotaxin is thought to be important in the selective recruitment of eosinophils to the site of inflammation in guinea pigs, mice, and humans. We isolated the rat eotaxin gene to determine whether a similar molecule might play a role in the pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils during acute inflammation... | 0 |
40,459 | A study of regional aerosol radiative properties and effects on ultraviolet-B radiation | Wenny, BN; Schafer, JS; Deluisi, JJ; Saxena, VK; Barnard, WF; Petropavlovskikh, IV; Vergamini, AJ | 1,998 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A field experiment was conducted in western North Carolina to investigate the relationship between aerosol optical properties and atmospheric transmission. Two... | 0 |
86,651 | Oxygenated fuel additives, health effects of | Davis, JM; Graham, JA | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Oxygenated fuels (oxyfuels) are intended to improve air quality and thus public health by reducing certain harmful emissions, but oxygenates are chemicals (ethers and alcohols) that themselves affect the environment and health. Concerns about potential health risks have led to sever... | 0 |
86,742 | Elimination of neutrophils by apoptosis during the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation in rats | Ishii, Y; Hashimoto, K; Nomura, A; Sakamoto, T; Uchida, Y; Ohtsuka, M; Hasegawa, S; Sagai, M | 1,998 | We have demonstrated previously that tachykinin depletion by capsaicin prevented the ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and the bronchial wall oedema in guinea pigs. To further clarify the role of neurogenic inflammation in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, we investigated the effects of a specific tachyk... | 0 |
79,173 | Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: I Foliar properties | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Booker, FL | 1,998 | null | 0 |
52,458 | Nitric oxide soil emissions from tilled and untilled cornfields | Civerolo, KL; Dickerson, RR | 1,998 | Results from the eddy covariance nitric oxide flux measurements made at a site on the Eastern Shore of Maryland during July 25-30, 1995 are reported. The mean (and median) NO flux measured along the dividing line between two fertilized cornfields, one conventionally-tilled and one untilled, was 7.5 (and 7.6) ng N m -2 ... | 0 |
32,625 | Evaluating the effectiveness of ozone management efforts in the presence of meteorological variability | Milanchus, ML; Rao, ST; ZurbenkoIG | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Electric Power Research Institute. | 0 |
15,339 | Outdoor environmental injury of the airways and development of allergic respiratory diseases | D'Amato, G; Liccardi, G | 1,998 | 1st paragraph of introduction. A wealth of evidence suggests that allergic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and rhinitis have become more common in the last two decades. In particular, asthma morbidity appears to be increasing. in both frequency and severity, in industrialized countries worldwide and a deb... | 0 |
26,379 | Diversity of an early successional plant community as influenced by ozone | Barbo, DN; Chappelka, AH; Somers, GL; Miller-Goodman, MS; Stolte, K | 1,998 | An early successional plant community was exposed to various ozone concentrations for two growing seasons (1994-1995) in open-top chambers in Auburn, Alabama, USA. The ozone treatments were: AA, ambient air (open plots); CF, carbon-filtered air (c. 0A5 x ambient air), 1 x, non-filtered air, and 2 x, twice ambient air. ... | 0 |
52,727 | Response of antioxidant enzymes to transfer from elevated carbon dioxide to air and ozone fumigation, in the leaves and roots of wild-type and a catalase-deficient mutant of barley | Azevedo, RA; Alas, RM; Smith, RJ; Lea, PJ | 1,998 | A catalase-deficient mutant (RPr 79/4) and the wild-type (cv. Maris Mink) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) counterpart, were grown for 3 weeks in high CO2 (0.7%) and then transferred to air and ozone (120 nl l-1) in the light and shade for a period of 4 days. Leaves and roots were analysed for catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) su... | 0 |
12,010 | Induction of interleukin-8 by ozone is mediated by tyrosine kinase and protein kinase A, but not by protein kinase C | Jaspers IChen, LC; Flescher, E | 1,998 | Ozone is one of the most common air pollutants humans routinely inhale. We have previously shown that in vitro ozone exposure induces the DNA-binding activities of NF-kappaB and NF-IL6 as well as the expression of interleukin 8 in respiratory epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated intracellular signaling step... | 0 |
86,763 | Heart-related mortality: United States, 1997 | null | 1,998 | null | 0 |
57,524 | Canadian national survey on sun exposure & protective behaviours: Adults at leisure | Shoveller, JA; Lovato, CY; Peters, L; Rivers, JK | 1,998 | OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of sun exposure and protective behaviours during leisure time among Canadian adults 25 years of age or more. DESIGN: A random-digit-dialling telephone household survey of 4023 people 15 years of age or more was completed; 3449 adults 25 years of age or more responded to questions a... | 0 |
11,993 | Breathing and pulmonary surfactant function in mice 24 h after ozone exposure | Currie, WD; Van Schaik, S; Vargas, I; Enhorning, G | 1,998 | The aim of this study was to determine whether an acute ozone exposure affects breathing, and the ability of pulmonary surfactant to maintain the patency of terminal conducting airways. BALB/c mice were exposed to ozone (1 part per million (ppm)) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. They were examined with plethysmography and with br... | 0 |
53,476 | The pH of deliquesced sea-salt aerosol in polluted marine air | Keene, WC; Savoie, DL | 1,998 | The pH of deliquesced sea-salt aerosol was derived from the Cl phase partitioning measured in marine air, corresponding meteorological conditions, and the thermodynamic properties of HCI.. Under moderately polluted conditions at Bermuda during spring 1996, calculated sea-salt aerosol pH ranged from the mid-2s to the mi... | 0 |
94,391 | Induction of an ACC synthase cDNA by ozone in light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana leaves | Vahala, J; Schlagnhaufer, CD; Pell, EJ | 1,998 | null | 0 |
52,369 | Intercomparison of ground-based NOy measurement techniques | Williams, EJ; Baumann, K; Roberts, JM; Bertman, SB; Norton, RB; Fehsenfeld, FC; Springston, SR; Nunnermacker, LJ; Newman, L; Olszyna, K; Meagher, J; Hartsell, B; Edgerton, E; Pearson, JR; Rodgers, MO | 1,998 | An informal intercomparison of NOy measurement techniques was conducted from June 13 to July 22, 1994, at a site in Hendersonville, Tennessee, near Nashville. The intercomparison involved five research institutions: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,... | 0 |
87,289 | Air pollution, pollens, and daily admissions for asthma in London 1987-92 | Anderson, HR; Ponce de Leon, A; Bland, JM; Bower, JS; Emberlin, J; Strachen, DP | 1,998 | National Asthma Campaign, UK; European Commission. Background: A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between daily hospital admissions for asthma and air pollution in London in 1987-92 and the possible confounding and modifying effects of airborne pollen. Methods: For all ages together and the age grou... | 0 |
89,759 | Etudes experimentales des effets des polluants atmospheriques [Experimental studies of the effects of atmospheric pollutants] | Pauli, G; Kopferschmitt, MC; De Blay, F | 1,998 | Experimental studies in man are an indispensable complement to epidemiological studies and experimental studies on animals. They aim at understanding the mechanisms of action of the main pollutants and at knowing their thresholds of triggering of the acute effects on the respiratory system. The studies made in man invo... | 0 |
15,335 | Analgesic effect of subcutaneous administration of oxygen-ozone A blind study in the rat on the modulation of the capsaicin-induced edema | Ceccherelli, F; Gagliardi, G; Faggian, L; Loprete, F; Giron, G | 1,998 | The Authors have explored a new complementary approach, employed in the last 40 years for, among other uses, medical purposes: oxygen-ozone therapy. Anecdotal works have highlighted interesting results obtained in disk herniation with infiltration of paravertebral muscles with oxygen-ozone. To verify the existence of a... | 0 |
53,319 | Animal indicators of adverse effects associated with air pollution | Saldiva, PHN; Bohm, GM | 1,998 | The possibilities for using animal indicators for air pollution studies are reviewed. Three major problems are discussed: bioconcentration of trace elements, alterations of physiological parameters, and genotoxic effects. Sentinel species seem to be useful bioaccumulators of environmental trace elements and may be the ... | 0 |
15,342 | WHO guidelines for air quality | null | 1,998 | N/A. | 0 |
7,687 | Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere | Wennberg, PO; Hanisco, TF; Jaegle, L; Jacob, DJ; Hintsa, EJ; Lanzendorf, EJ; Anderson, JG; Gao, RS; Keim, ER; Donnelly, SG; Del Negro, LA; Fahey, DW; Mckeen, SA; Salawitch, RJ; Webster, CR; May, RD; Herman, RL; Proffitt, MH; Margitan, JJ; Atlas, EL; Schauffler, SM; Flocke, F; Mcelroy, CT; Bui, TP | 1,998 | The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region ... | 0 |
30,286 | Tree and forest functioning in an enriched CO2 atmosphere | Saxe, H; Ellsworth, DS; Heath, J | 1,998 | Forests exchange large amounts of CO2 with the atmosphere and can influence and be influenced by atmospheric CO2. There has been a recent proliferation of literature on the effects of atmospheric CO2 on forest trees. More than 300 studies of trees on five different continents have been published in the last five years.... | 0 |
51,272 | Global simulation of tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry, 3 origin of tropospheric ozone and effects of non-methane hydrocarbons | Wang, Y; Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA | 1,998 | null | 0 |
38,050 | Gas-particle partitioning of PCBs and PAHs in the Chicago urban and adjacent coastal atmosphere: States of equilibrium | Simcik, MF; Franz, TP; Zhang, H; Eisenreich, SJ | 1,998 | Simultaneous air samples were taken in Chicago and over southern Lake Michigan as part of the AEOLOS Project (Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans). Gas and particle phase concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and total suspended particles (TSP) were measured... | 0 |
26,841 | Effects of ozone and other pollutants on the pulmonary function of adult hikers | Korrick, SA; Neas, LM; Dockery, DW; Gold, DR; Allen, GA; Hill, LB; Kimball, KD; Rosner, BA; Speizer, FE | 1,998 | This study evaluated the acute effects of ambient ozone (O 3 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and strong aerosol acidity on the pulmonary function of exercising adults. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, volunteers (18-64 years of age) were solicited from hikers on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Volunteer nonsmo... | 1 |
12,008 | Ozone alters the distribution of beta1 integrins in cultured primate bronchial epithelial cells | Jabbour, AJ; Altman, LC; Wight, TN; Luchtel, DL | 1,998 | The effects of 0.5 ppm ozone exposure for 6 h on the synthesis and distribution of "beta"1 integrins were examined in bronchial epithelial cells cultured at an air-cell interface. Ozone exposure damaged cilia and caused significant cell loss. Immunocytochemical localization and quantification of the "beta"1 subunit in ... | 0 |
42,882 | Indicators of nitrogen status in California forests | Fenn, ME; Poth, MA | 1,998 | Indicators of ecosystem nitrogen (N) status are needed for monitoring and for identifying ecosystems that are at risk of becoming N saturated. The N chemistry of a number of plant, soil and hydrologic components were analyzed to assess the N status of mixed conifer forests across an N deposition gradient in the San Ber... | 0 |
47,704 | An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modelling system for trajectories, dispersion, and deposition | Draxler, RR; Hess, GD | 1,998 | The HYSPLIT_4 (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model is designed for quick response to atmospheric emergencies, diagnostic case studies, or climatological analyses using previously gridded meteorological data. Calculations may be performed sequentially on multiple meteorological grids, going fr... | 0 |
52,508 | Ground-based intercomparison of nitric acid measurement techniques | Fehsenfeld, FC; Huey, LG; Sueper, DT; Norton, RB; Williams, EJ; Eisele, FL; Mauldin RL III; Tanner, DJ | 1,998 | An informal intercomparison of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3) measuring techniques was carried out. The intercomparison involved two new chemical ionization mass spectrometers (CIMSs) that have been developed for the measurement of HNO3 along with an older, more established filter pack (FP) technique. The filter pack was... | 0 |
12,037 | Exposure tests of building materials in urban atmosphere | Zappia, G; Sabbioni, C; Riontino, C; Gobbi, G; Favoni, O | 1,998 | National Reseach Council, Italy. Samples of stones and mortars (air setting and hydraulic) characteristic of ancient masonry and modern conservation works were exposed in Milan and Ancona for a period of 6, 12 and 24 months. After exposure, the samples were analysed. As previously observed on carbonate rocks, the data... | 0 |
273 | Modeling the interactions of ozone with pulmonary epithelial lining fluid antioxidants | Mudway, IS; Kelly, FJ | 1,998 | Medical Research Council (UK); Wellcome Trust.Water soluble antioxidant--ascorbate (AA), urate (UA), and reduced glutathione (GSH)--consumption by ozone (O3) was investigated in a range of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) models. Antioxidants were exposed individually and as a composite mixture, with and without... | 1 |
11,406 | Chloroplastic and stomatal aspects of ozone-induced reduction of net photosynthesis in plants | Torsethaugen, G | 1,998 | null | 0 |
86,177 | The role of air pollutants in adolescent asthma | Koenig, JQ | 1,998 | Asthma, being a multifactorial disease, is aggravated by many environmental agents as discussed in this issue. Since the common air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) are known respiratory irritants, it is not surprising that they all aggravate asthma. Wardlaw has listed some p... | 0 |
86,270 | Chemokine regulation of ozone-induced neutrophil and monocyte inflammation | Zhao, Q; Simpson, LG; Driscoll, KE; Leikauf, GD | 1,998 | Pulmonary inflammation has been observed in humans and in many animal species after ozone exposure. Inflammatory cell accumulation involves local synthesis of chemokines, including neutrophil chemoattractants such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and monocyte chemoattractants, such as monocyte chemoattract... | 0 |
86,261 | Airway inflammation in mild intermittent and in persistent asthma | Vignola, AM; Chanez, P; Campbell, AM; Souques, F; Lebel, B; Enander, I; Bousquet, J | 1,998 | null | 0 |
668,885 | Evaluation of ultraviolet radiation, ozone and aerosol interactions in the troposphere using automatic differentiation. Final report. | Carmichael, GR; Potra, F | 1,998 | A major goal of this research was to quantify the interactions between UVR, ozone and aerosols. One method of quantification was to calculate sensitivity coefficients. A novel aspect of this work was the use of Automatic Differentiation software to calculate the sensitivities. The authors demonstrated the use of ADIFOR... | 0 |
86,157 | Potential involvement of 4-hydroxynonenal in the response of human lung cells to ozone | Hamilton, RF; Li, L; Eschenbacher, WL; Szweda, L; Holian, A | 1,998 | Ozone is a photochemically generated pollutant that can cause acute pulmonary inflammation and induce cellular injury and may contribute to the development or exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. Despite much research, the mechanisms of ozone- and oxidant-induced cellular injury are still uncertain. Ozone and seconda... | 1 |
34,672 | Studies on hygienic standard for ozone in indoor air | Song, H; Chen, C; Cai, C | 1,998 | #Objective To formulate a national hygienic standard for ozone in indoor air.
Methods Indoor air ozone concentrations at variety of places were detected at its peak level in the daytime. Also, animal experiments exposed to low-level ozone were conducted to study the contents of lipid peroxide in the lungs, the ult... | 0 |
29,729 | Preparation of automobile organic emission surrogates for photochemical model validation | Black FTejada, S; Kleindienst, T | 1,998 | null | 0 |
7,615 | Ozone health effects: repeated exposure and sensitive subjects | Folinsbee, LJ | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ozone has a broad range of health effects in humans. I intend to focus primarily upon two aspects of these health effects: (1) responses to repeated ozone exposures and the potential implication of these studies for understanding chronic effects of ozone and (2) the mechanisms of r... | 0 |
86,759 | Capsaicin treatment induces muscarinic hyperactivity in guinea pig trachea: a warning | VanHoof, HJM; Den Hartog, GJM; Voss, HP; Van Bree, L; Bast, A | 1,998 | null | 0 |
81,397 | Effects of ambient air pollution on daily mortality: a time series analysis of Dallas, Texas, 1990-1994 | Gamble, JL | 1,998 | Recent time series analyses report increases in daily mortality associated with ambient air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM). Within the United States, observations supporting particulate-related mortality effects largely come from studies of northeastern and west coast urban areas and smaller industrial c... | 0 |
86,764 | Surveillance for asthma -- United States, 1960-1995 | null | 1,998 | null | 0 |
53,323 | Direct and indirect effects of pollution on the foraging behaviour of forest passerines during the breeding season | Brotons, L; Magrans, M; Ferrus, L; Nadal, J | 1,998 | Direct and indirect effects of acid deposition on the foraging behaviour of three forest passerine species, the Crested Tit (Pa rus cristatus), Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), and Coal Tit (P. ater), during the breeding season were studied. In two areas, one affected by pollution from a nearby coal-fired power s... | 0 |
30,650 | Investigations of ozone induced injury in forests of southern Switzerland: field surveys and open-top chamber experiments | Skelly, JM; Innes, JL; Snyder, KR; Savage, JE; Hug, C; Landolt, W; Bleuler, P | 1,998 | #Studies were conducted during the period 1993-1996 to determine the extent of foliar injury on native plant species and black cherry as may be induced by ambient ozone exposures throughout Switzerland. Particular emphasis was placed on determining foliar injury in Canton Ticino (Ti.) situated in the sub-Alpine region ... | 0 |
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