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Applications built for MSAL 1.0 and MSAL 2.0 have a default application URI of MSAL://GUIDHere/AppName
This is in contrast with what other IDP's are doing.
Can anyone explain the benefits or drawbacks of this format? (sometimes a "feature" might be called a security "bug")
|
I would like to enumerate all possible PGP e-mails related to North Korean top-level domain .kp
Few years ago I would have used theHarvester but I recently discovered that this useful tool doesn't support PGP keyring search any more :(
If I use the official MIT PGP Key Server search and I try to search for .it:
the se... |
I'm currently working on a website and want to prevent characters being inputted, i am using following code
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z0-9_!,()& -\/]*$/"
is it possible to exploit this and if so how? would like to know ways to prevent too please
thank
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Please note: although I mention Spring Boot (and by proxy, Java) I believe this is a pure HTTP/web development question at heart, and as such, can be answered by anyone with CORS-configuration experience and zero Java experience!
I am configuring the CORS policy for a Spring Boot web service for the very first time. T... |
The Spring docs state:
Our recommendation is to use CSRF protection for any request that could be processed by a browser by normal users. If you are only creating a service that is used by non-browser clients, you will likely want to disable CSRF protection.
I'm interested in why? Why is it OK to disable CSRF protect... |
I'm doing some research on Amazon drive/photo and I seem unable to find any security documentation on the subject. I'm aware that they are using AWS but I'm interested to learn more. Some people say that they are using Amazon S3. Has anybody read like a real document on what they are using to encrypt data, data transfe... |
I once found out that I can do that here. But I recently tried to find information about:
$ gpg --search-key B188E2B695BD4743
gpg: data source: http://hkps.pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371
(1) DEB.SURY.ORG Automatic Signing Key <deb@sury.org>
3072 bit RSA key B188E2B695BD4743, created: 2019-03-18, expires: 2... |
Is the use of a private, auto-signed certificate, created and managed by AWS Private CM, and use in internal TLS communication, for endpoints that do not require external verification, and do not have external access, in compliance with FedRamp moderate?
|
If only the first h bits of a certain SHA256 hash H of a certain message M are known, and one had managed to successfully guess an input message M' whereby SHA256( M' ) yielded an H' whose first h bits match the known h bits of H, is there any way to formalize what the likelihood is that the guessed M' is identical to ... |
I'm assuming instead of saying "forgot password?" the text would say "lost your key?" or "don't have your device?". But what would the process of secondary access look like in the future when passwords are ..ahem.. dead?
Would sending a login link to emails still be the primary method of access? Although, you'd need yo... |
From my Gmail account / settings, I can import another mailing account (for example a Microsoft Exchange account).
Then Google asks for my personal Microsoft Exchange password (! this is not very "OAuth").
After the setup is complete, I can read and send emails impersonating my Microsoft Outlook account from Gmail.
I ... |
RFC5958 defines a set of enhancements to the PKCS#8 key serialization format, bumping the version field up to 1 and additionally permitting serialization of public keys for arbitrary asymmetric cryptographic algorithms.
OneAsymmetricKey ::= SEQUENCE {
version Version,
privateKeyAlgorithm Pri... |
From what am I reading, magic links require users to provide their email and the user will be sent an email with the link to sign-in, and the users can use this link to log into the system.
Can this be called authentication? What we are validating is only the possession factor making the person has access to the email,... |
Number of biometric samples required to form an exhaustive set of fingerprint hashes?
Slight variations in the sample produce different hash values of the sample data. The answer linked below indicates that enough different samples might produce an exhaustive set of hash values.
The following fingerprint hash system wa... |
I discovered one of my machines was under an ssh DDOS attack when I was looking at logs to find out why my disk was slow. The auth log was about 90M, which is kind of unusual for this machine.
I ran an nmap against one of the IPs (nmap -P0 ).
Once I ran the nmap, the attack stopped from all the IPs. Now there is just... |
When I tried to open the app on PC I got a security login from google on my Samsung phone that a new OnePlus 5 device had logged in to my account.I do not have such a device so I changed my password on google.Any ideas to what it was?
|
Recently, during a pen-testing exercise, I noticed that the target server responded with multiple "Server" fields in the header. I was wondering what it could mean and if oddity is somehow interesting from a pen-tester's perspective.
And secondly, what is a "Syginet" server. I tried to google it but nothing came up.
HT... |
I am exploring android malware forensics and am trying out payload generation and delivery, while also trying obfuscation. I have used commercial tools, e.g. ProGuard and also open sourced tools, eg. Obfuscapk. Now I am trying to advance further with my own obfuscation techniques, but am not sure where to start explori... |
I humbly assume that DDoS is very unlikely to happen to my website.
A CDN that should protect from it slows my website according to my personal experience and tests (perhaps only because of the strange demand to have all webpages redirected to www. versions when the CDN is active, perhaps not only because of that) and ... |
Digital Signature verification process for software installation can be done automatically during execution or manually by user. (I'm considering PKI Method of certification.)
For example, in case of some exe's on Windows OS, if the Digital Signature verification fails, the binary fails to execute because of automated ... |
In OpenSSL EVP_BytesToKey() can be used for key derivation from a password, hash, and a number of cycles. That all makes perfect sense. The function also can take in a cipher type and salt, and output an IV at the same time. Here's the signature from the Man page:
int EVP_BytesToKey(const EVP_CIPHER *type, const EVP... |
I am able to ping a server on an vpn. However, when I use a normal nmap scan it does not pickup on the host. Doing a scan with host discovery turned off (nmap -Pn host scan) does show the host.
If I am not mistaken, should my ping not fail if the regular nmap scan (nmap host) fails?
|
I make session cookies of form session_id+'|'+hmac_sha256(session_id, static_secret) where session_id = random_string(16 bytes) made with a PRNG (not a CSPRNG!) seeded on the server's timestamp at start-up.
The cookies have the Secure flag so transport security is left to TLS to solve.
The session id is authenticated s... |
Today I received an e-mail to my GMail account with just an image attached, empty subject and body. E-mail came from another GMail account, with SPF and other checks passed. Sender account differs from mine only in one letter, and that letter replacement made account's name unintelligible, so I guess it was created spe... |
I'm trying to create a vulnerable sandbox environment for pentesting challenges. As part of the challenge, I want to include some elements of XSS or SQLi if possible. However, I do not wish to make this too easy either.
I built a web server hosting a simple website of mine. In my codes, I used the following as a simple... |
I have some data which I'm encrypting using Aes-Gcm.
Every time I have to encrypt the data, I generate a random nonce of the appropriate size, as well as an empty array for the tag data.
In Aes-Gcm, there is an option to provide AAD, or Additional Authenticated Data. To my knowledge, AAD is basically some plaintext dat... |
I have installed a VPN on my phone from a reputable VPN provider (paid VPN service, publicly rated as top 10 globally),
Can my phone location (longitude & latitude) still be traced by third-party apps, or will instead the VPN server location be shared with third-party apps?
I basically want to avoid being tracked in te... |
Given the scenario that:
Victim rents VM1 from a cloud provider, and points his/her DNS record to that VM1's IP address
Victim deletes VM1 and switches to a different cloud provider, and creates VM2 there, but forgets to modify the DNS record (before deleting the old VM, but after creating the new VM)
The Victim's DNS... |
Reading about open-redirection from web application hackers handbook came across a test case in which the server-side is validating user supplied data that the application uses to set target for redirection by following rules
URL provided by user starts with the applications domain name.
OR
URL provided contains the... |
I recently discovered during a penetration test that the HSTS was returned by the application but in this format:
"Strict-TransportSecurity"
Instead of:
"Strict-Transport-Security"
Does this format mean that the header (HSTS) is not validated by the client and prevented from doing what it is designed to do? As I unders... |
If my laptop/desktop got infected with malware or some kind of a virus, will it be safe to log in the account on my laptop to my new PC or will it spread to it because I used the same account for new PC as I do now for my laptop?
Will anything happen? Is it safe or if I get infected, I shouldn`t use those accounts anyw... |
I have a program which allows another authorized user (with a password) to access someone else's computer without them having to be there. However, I don't know how to safely store the password without requesting the user reenter the password every time they launch the program. I have a few ideas, such as hashing the p... |
On a nginx web-server running the following config is to possible to change $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] remotely?:
user www;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
error_log /dev/stderr info;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
server_tokens off;
log_format docker '$remote_addr $remote_user $status "$request" "$http_refe... |
Is there a standard procedure when it comes to preserving evidence of a crime committed on a website of a third party?
Let's assume that a crime was committed on a website I visit, like defamation. Other than using the Wayback Machine or browser plugins to save the page in case either the website owner or the perpetrat... |
Our company develops web applications and uses them on the internal network. We need to set up a mechanism to control and monitor internal network traffic so that only approved applications on the network can be used by clients and not-certified applications are forbidden. Also there is no need to authenticate user or ... |
I vaguely remember some story about some cipher (I think it was 3DES) having some "issue" where if the key happened to be especially bad (like 0x00000...) then the resulting encryption becomes trivially attacked. The pathological keys are known, but there are only a very small number of them so the probability of picki... |
It's fairly well known that it's very dangerous to copy-paste text from a website into a terminal, as it can include extra text, control codes, and newlines that aren't visible when you're copying it, but which are saved into the paste buffer, causing malicious code to execute if pasted into a terminal.
The above-linke... |
I am improving the security on my php website. I am not using any frameworks or cms. The credentials are currently stored in plain text in the relevant php files. While researching, I came across this question Why use .ENV? What's wrong with storing secrets in a config.php file outside root directory?
The first answer ... |
Context
My company is developing a SaaS solution that needs to conform to PCI-DSS L1 for sure, and possibly FedRAMP and other frameworks later.
We can do continuous deployment with feature flagged/canary releases, with multiple releases a day. Because of that, we don't really need explicit versioning of the releases (w... |
I'm interested in getting a coupon code for an online purchase and to this end Honey is nice, but when it comes to protecting my data Honey is really invasive. Can I curb Honey's hunger for my whole browser interaction by only using it within a separate profile of, say Chrome? And if so, is it enough to close the brows... |
Let's say Party A has many customers (one of them let's call it Customer X) with data in Party A.
Party A is allowing Customer X to get data from their API. In order to do that:
Customer X downloads a client_id and client_secret
Customer X uses
client_id and client_secret to hit the /auth endpoint
/auth endpoint retur... |
A few months ago a colleague who left generated a CA certificate from GoDaddy. I am not sure the exact steps he took but currently we would like to install the CA certificate on a server to fully comply with EFRIS regulations which mandate that clients should transition from self-signed certificates to CA certificates ... |
This website claims that (emphasis added):
In PKCS#7 SignedData, attached and detached formats are supported… In detached format, data that is signed is not embedded inside the SignedData package instead it is placed at some external location…
However, RFC2315 seems to define no such "detached" format.
SignedData co... |
Is there a way to use JtR for Blockchain.info's (v2) secondary password?
I already tried the blockchain2john.py file, and it does not ask for primary password (which I know already) so it is going to look for the one I know, instead of secondary one that I don't.
I have tried btcrecover before, but I need to use some J... |
I know this is a duplicate question, but there aren't any recent updates on the answers given to this question(here and here) and after a few years, I'm sure browser security has improved drastically. I was wondering if it's still possible for a user to get a virus by just visiting a malicious website?
Say if you accid... |
I know it's possible to embed phar archives into jpeg images but is it also possible to do so with PNG images? I am testing a php application that securely checks if an image is a valid PNG image however it calls vulnerable filesystem functions like file_exists on said file, so I am curious if this is a potential attac... |
I upgraded a dinosaur multi-function printer (MFP) to a less
prehistoric model [1]. "How convenient!" I thought of the Wi-Fi
Direct, considering that I'm (lucky enough to be) working from home on
a tiny desk and could do with one less cable. Convenience and
security, however, are diametric opposites, and I had a lot ... |
I am trying to "outsource" potentially dangerous applications such as web browsing to a separate Linux machine sitting in its own network segment and which is isolated by a rigorous network firewall from our internal network, thus I am trying to build a "remote-controlled browser". Since I am in the early planning phas... |
I am trying to determine why nmap would show different results when I am connected to a VPN service.
When I am connected to Nord VPN, it shows two additional ports which do not seem to be open.
No VPN
root@localhost:~# nmap dewalt.com
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-05-24 02:08 UTC
Nmap scan report for ... |
Usually people say directly using root account is a very bad idea. However, my current setting is like this: to achieve a higher level of isolation, all services have their own virtual machine instances.
In this scenario, is it okay to simply use root account on every virtual machine instance? The common argument is th... |
I got my fingers seriously burnt with some garbage bought online, which was a USB-3.0 to VGA cable. It contained a driver that requested an install, that led to my computer being unstable and a few other things. Malware was not verified but it led to a factory re-install of the computer being necessary. How to prevent ... |
As part of SOC 2 preparation (and just general operational best-practice) we take regular PostgreSQL backups and keep them for up to a year. One of our partners has a requirement that we be able to delete any data sourced from them on request, including from backups. The GDPR right to be forgotten would seem to imply a... |
I am following the following walk-through for a box called Sheild on Hack the Box (HTB).
https://www.aldeid.com/wiki/HackTheBox-StartingPoint-Shield
For privilege escalation, the walkthrough says "Running the sysinfo command on the meterpreter session, we notice that this is a Windows Server 2016 OS, which is vulnerabl... |
OAuth manual advises that the client ID should not be easily guessable to decrease phishing attacks. https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/client-registration/client-id-secret/
Is it still the case when PKCE is used and auth server redirects only to allowed urls?
In what cases I might need to change client id for existi... |
I have found an XSS bug in a chat form on a bug bounty target. When I enter in the chat form input <button onclick="alert(1)">click</button> and after that I click the button a popup alert appears. I`ve sent the bug but they said:
Thank you for your submission. However, based on the current
circumstances this finding ... |
I have a system with three layers: two client web apps, one Backend, and two DBs.
The two DB and client app instances represent prod and test environments.
The backend has only one instance that should serve both environments. Say I have prod-client.myapp.com, test-client.myapp.com, prod-db.myapp.com, and test-db.myapp... |
Password length/complexity only mitigates a brute force attack, correct? In the event of a hash leak, since any algorithm is a fixed length, there could potentially be a pre-image* with a very short / not complex string? Salting notwithstanding.
|
For the past few weeks, I am observing a lots of visits from a specific user-agent - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36 to one particular URL.
The user-agent corresponds to chrome 84 on windows 10 desktop. This browser is an old browser an... |
If TLS communication uses ciphers that does not support forward secrecy[FS] (like RSA key exchange ciphers), confidentiality of the past communication is compromised if the private key is compromised. But will the integrity also gets compromised in this scenario? I got this doubt after seeing the CVSS scoring in this l... |
Many websites have different requirements for a strong password (beyond simple length I mean). Anecdotally, I think these requirements are common:
Password must contain a mix of upper and lower case letters
Password must contain at least one number
Password must contain a special character like ()*&^%$£"- etc.
Passwor... |
I am having trouble finding information on the implications of using https: and data: as a source
for the directives in a CSP.
Example:
img-src 'self' https: data:;
Could someone some context around what these two sources mean and if there are security issues with using them like this?
|
I'm looking at creating a healthcheck dashboard that at a glance shows you information about all our services including:
Are they running
What sem version they are running
The most recent commit hash of the code they are running.
What I was thinking is that the /healthcheck endpoint would return this information.
Is ... |
Let's say I setup openVPN at home, then I go out.
I connect my ios with openVPN server at home, then I download Netflix app. then I turn off location and any necessary tracking feature on ios. I login with my Netflix account on ios app.
the question is, Can any app know its users using VPN technically? (I think we ca... |
Lately I'm confused about threat hunting vs SIEM Use case creation.
The threat hunting resources I have read can be created as a SIEM use case. Then why should I perform it manually in the name of hunting?
How exactly does hunting differ from SIEM use case?
|
I was recently using my personal google account on my work computer and some of my previous google searches appeared from my personal phone. I used Safari on my personal iPhone and I guess google.
So can work see that search history on my personal phone?
Maybe my google account was synced but I can’t access gmail on my... |
I know that once a password is on a server it is hashed and salted. But when it was transferred over the internet it was stored in plain text, right? And also when it is in the memory of the server before it's been hashed.
|
Recent ransomware events often include data theft in addition to just encrypting data. The Encrypting File System on Windows Pro/Enterprise editions encrypts individual files using a private key stored alongside certificates for that user account. The file is therefore unreadable by anyone except the logged-in user acc... |
First of all, is my understanding correct that primary keys and subkeys are all key pairs consisting of a private and a public key?
I get the rationale behind using primary keys and subkeys1, and why one should keep the private primary key (or master key) "very, very safe", but not sure what the consensus is on handlin... |
I was reading this article about MD5 hash collisions in which it clearly states that these two strings (differences marked with ^):
d131dd02c5e6eec4693d9a0698aff95c2fcab58712467eab4004583eb8fb7f8955ad340609f4b30283e488832571415a085125e8f7cdc99fd91dbdf280373c5bd8823e3156348f5bae6dacd436c919c6dd53e2b487da03fd02396306d248... |
tldr
How can I define a SELinux policy, that limits filesystem access of portable Tor Browser to its installation directory, say /home/user/.local/opt/tor-browser_en-US?
How might Tor Browser be hardened even further (X11 Window system, Tor process) - in this sense what about sandbox/policycoreutils-sandbox?
Threat mod... |
In a program i am writing, i use session authentication tokens that we give back to a user to have them hand in with their requests.
This is working very well but this question is about the generated token and chance of collision.
Here is the PHP code used to generate a token: bin2hex(random_bytes(32)).
I have been con... |
I am using x-frame-options sameorigin header to prevent some of my websites from being loaded in iframes. Is this a foolproof method to prevent iframe loading?
There have been several old threads on stackoverflow that discuss employing frame busing javascript code. One example being:
if(top.location!=location)
top.loca... |
I've been playing around with the EternalBlue exploit recently. I've downloaded a Windows 10 iso file from 2016 and used it to set up a Windows 10 Pro VM as my sandbox. I also ran the nmap script and metasploit scanner module to ensure that it is indeed vulnerable to ms17-010.
However, when I run the exploit module, I... |
How do you manually validate vulnerabilities from a vulnerability scan or a vulnerability release from a vendor?
Say you received a report with a high vulnerability. The vulnerability scanner used a version check of the header. If there are no public exploits for this vulnerability, how would you check it if you do not... |
If I ever suspect a security incident exceeding internal capacity & skill sets, my plan calls for outside professionals. In choosing a specific Company, I expect to expose the company to these risks:
Company does not have someone available for us right when we need them
Company sends someone lacking experience & compe... |
I've just seen a "high-risk security alert" for the presence of /etc/passwd- (note the trailing '-') on RHEL 8 servers, and don't understand the issue. Apparently the issue originates with the CIS benchmarks.
My understanding is that it's a backup of the passwd file created by utilities like adduser; what I don't under... |
Conceptually, "THIS EMAIL IS FROM AN EXTERNAL SENDER" warnings should be useful at preventing phishing or spoofing attacks. If "your boss" asks you to buy a bunch of gift cards and you see that warning, maybe you catch it.
With so many legitimate external emails received, I'd imagine users may get a sort of banner bli... |
Recently, I've checked the some articles including R. E. Smith, The Strong Password Dilemma. ch. 6., Password Strength: An Empirical Analysis, Distance between two passwords and Password strength metrics. The mentioned strong password policies are:
Each password you choose must be new and different.
Passwords must be... |
Is there a scheme that let people derive public/private key pair from arbitrary secrets?
As you may know, digital signature schemes have versatile use cases. The problem is, the key pair handling is too difficult for end-users. On the other hand, the concept of password is pretty much ubiquitous; people can handle it w... |
How secure it is (not) to store a JWT token (for instance) in Android's AccountManager?
I know a good alternative would be to use the android KeyStore, specially with the new Jetpack Security libs, but I'd like some folks input about the risks of doing the other way.
Ref: Android AccountManager
|
I am struggling to appreciate the differences between the 7 steps of the NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure, which should help an organisation implement it.
Step 1: Prioritize and Scope. The organization identifies its
business/mission objectives and high-level organizational priorities.
With this in... |
I'm a newbie in this field so forgive me in advance if this question is stupid in anyway.
Say we have a software that is executing on our system and encrypting files using a secret key that is not known to us. Is it possible to somehow gain access to the keys by say accessing what the CPU is executing or through some o... |
I'm trying to build a base image that pulls from php:7.3-fpm, which is built on debian:buster-slim. The php:7.3-fpm base image has vulnerabilities out of the box, like https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2019-3844 and https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2019-19603. From the look of it, there are... |
I was not able to find a definite answer to the question whether it is safe to disable spectre and meltdown vulnerabilities but i could articles that suggests the defaults might be revisited & windows seems to allow the disabling of these.
Does anyone know if it has been established clearly, the type of servers which a... |
I want to implement a service that can't read the data you store there.
The Idea is that I, like in a password manager, use the password to derive a vault key, which is different from the authentication key, that is used to encrypt/decrypt the data.
How can I encrypt and store data from multiple devices while only shar... |
Suppose there is a file hosting server, and most filenames are strings with mostly CJK characters. Transmitting those characters in HTTP GET requests requires encoding them using UTF-8 (x3 overhead) then URL-encode escaping (another x3 overhead, x9 in total).
These filenames may be processed by front-end and back-end t... |
The New Android 12 provided increased privacy to users accessing the application by not providing an IMEI. But an alternative that can be used by an app developer is to uniquely identify a device that has enrolled in a work profile.
https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/admin/DevicePolicyManager#setOrgani... |
I ask because I've been looking into Miniconda (https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-py39_4.9.2-Linux-x86_64.sh), and the installation shell script has TONS of binary data starting at line 577.
I ended up checking the shell script because Google Chrome flagged it as potential harmful. I know, it's just Google... |
Suppose a Veracrypt container was mounted and dismounted later. Then CCleaner was run, Youtube was used to watch videos, websites are browsed, and so on for 3 hours. Then computer went to sleep (hibernate and pagefile disabled). What are the chances that the container can be decrypted because of whatever is left (maste... |
What I found so far is that
Application requests TA service using qseecom kernel driver.
Monitor route that request and TA handles the request in Secure world and return the result.(generated private key).
The application get the result(something like generated private key).
But if the host OS(linux) was compromised,... |
Our router (Asus RT-AC68U) has been slowing down our speeds, up until I disabled the IPV6 firewall (Went from 250 to 380, which is the modem cap for now). We've always had IPV6 disabled on the router, but I was wondering if it poses any security risk by also disabling the IPV6 firewall.
|
Imagine a user has an ip of 1.2.3.4
The server the user intends to connect to has an ip of 2.3.4.5
An attacker has a machine with a promiscuous network card on the user's local network.
The attacker also has a server on a seperate network with ip 3.4.5.6
The user sends a request to 2.3.4.5, which the attacker had DDOS'... |
I am very new to SAML and currently doing research on whether SAML is the right solution for me.
All the SAML examples that I can find work on the email domain. I wonder if it is possible to build a service provider and identity provider based on a phone number.
For example,
if I go to https://www.atlassian.com/ login... |
Let's say I have a binary string s, that is generated by a cryptographically secure random byte generator, and a hash function SHA-256.
I am using the hash h=sha256(s) as a one-time password verifier and send it to the server, how many bits of security does this provide?
I guess the question is how easy it is to find a... |
For PII, we capture mostly emails, mobile and name of users who signup on our website. Along with this purchases made by users are also a sensitive data. Protecting this data for users privacy is as important as not letting any disgruntled employee from selling this data to our competitors.
This data is stored in MySQL... |
I have read that storing the jwt token within the httponly secure cookie is the recommended way to prevent both csrf attacks and xss attacks.
When a user goes to my website they may make an api call like so
POST mygatewayproxy.example/login-service/login
and the request is proxy to the loadbalancer
POST my-login-servi... |
I know that the concept of TOTP is for when the device on which the code is to be verified is separate from the device that is going to generate the code.
However, I was wondering if it is a bad idea to use the TOTP algorithm for generating the verification codes used in email/phone_number verification (where the code ... |
When it comes to infections with viruses, in almost all cases the initial infection requires some sort of user interaction - apart from those cases where a plug-in has some sort of security flaw which gets abused.
While the why is clear - you simply don't want your browser to execute random binaries it found on the web... |
Regarding backups (escrows) of GPG (OpenPGP compliant) keys, I seem to understand that (E)ncryption keys need to be backed up, to prevent data loss, and that (S)igning keys should not be backed up, because it is crucial that the owner is absolutely certain that they are the only one who can use the signing key at any m... |
Reset token contains lower case a-z, 0-9 number, there will be at maximum 5 number, at minimum there will be 0 number.
It is randomly generated.
How many possiblities do we have?
How much time does this take to brute force?
Example: x8h1w751,
j6p0u32t,
7a5yh8x1,kbyjawkm,zny5clm.
|
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