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I'm writing a rule for modsecurity 2.x to match an IP address to those in a file.
SecRule REMOTE_ADDR "@ipMatchFromFile /etc/modsecurity/address_list.txt"
I understand how this works, I'm just wondering if anyone knows when modsecurity loads that .txt file.
Is it only loaded when the rules first load or can it be dyn... |
Assuming quantum computing continues to improve and continues to perform like this:
... quantum computer completes 2.5-billion-year task in minutes
is it reasonable to expect that 256 bit encryption will be possible to brute force at some point in the future, and if so, what estimates (preferably from large tech comp... |
Is it safe to include the CSRF token as part of an HTTPS successful login JSON response in an SPA? If not, is there a better mechanism for sending it which avoids the Double Submit Cookie pattern?
Some background:
I am building an SPA application (Node/React) which communicates HTTPS with a JSON API backend and I am tr... |
I've been asked by a customer of mine, to manage a few hundred WordPress sites.
Doing an initial security assessment, I've found that every site (350 sites) has unusual file permissions on every php file (755) that means executable bit on all groups (user, group and other)...
Trying to investigate further, I've checked... |
The motive for doing this is that I want to open other ports so that I can evade firewalls which block VPN connections. Instead of redirecting eg. port 53 or 123, I could simply set up a destination NAT rule (my router allows 'easy' port forwarding or you can set it up manually with a destination NAT rule. using the DN... |
I'm developing a headless linux based industrial safety product. It is very much limited to work with only known sources/hosts. Can I safely delete the trusted root certificates provided by the OS and Mozilla. Though I had not enabled mozilla in my target packages configuration, I see the certificates in the Root File ... |
I'm auditing my network setup and trying to determine an appropriate password length with a random set of digits and numbers. I found a Security Stack exchange answer but it was written in 2012 and wanted to see if the recommendation has changed since then.
|
If I allow base64 encoded images to load on my website, but I do not have unsafe-eval enabled, nor have I allowed 'inline-script' would my site still be at risk by allowing base64 encoded image data to be painted onto images that might have malicious script inside?
|
In creating a blacklist function as part of our multi-pronged defense against SQL injection that includes parameterized queries and validating for length and type of input, we are creating a Blacklist function to check input from a .Net web form to run against SQL Server.
Does there HAVE to be a semicolon (;) or commen... |
If the target's traffic is going through the MiTM, then can't the spoofer find a way to just not traffic the connection? Or traffic the connection very slowly? Over all what I'm asking is that instead of a MiTM attack being for traffic analysis, could it be used to simply block a connection?
|
Does nmap support the following (-sS -sV -sC -O ) with a scan using socks5 proxy and if it is not what is the best way to scan linux system through a windows system ?
|
If I'm not wrong, one of the many ways companies track and collect data of people through the internet is by identifying their hardware. Getting the monitor resolution, figuring what CPU it is, etc. So are there any methods of resisting this? I had a potential idea of evading the monitor thing by VNCing into another co... |
Let's assume I have a Windows 10 computer and my login password has an entropy of infinity.
If I did not encrypt my entire hard-drive, does it matter how secure my password is? Is it possible for someone to plug the hard-drive into another computer as an external drive and simply read all its contents?
Thanks
|
I feel like I am going crazy. A friend was at my house and received text messages from a number from a person i know. She had a conversation with this number for basically a week. She is now saying that she set it up to make it look like it was that person texting her. The messages were even coming in when she was asle... |
I am aware that running ssh-keyscan on a remote host doesn't prove that the remote host is indeed the one you are trying to connect to, only that it's the same one each time, but what about if I run ssh-keyscan localhost on that host beforehand, and add that info to my known hosts manually?
Is there any way that that c... |
I wrote a stand-alone anticheat. When the client anticheat connects to its server, the server creates a firewall rule allowing the game client to gain access to the server.
The problem is the firewall creates rules by IP address. If NAT is used, then one of the NATed IPs accesses the anticheat server, this server creat... |
Been given a smart tv that used to be used as display connected to a pc with a HDMI cable, now I'm using it as a display as well, over HDMI too.
I was thinking maybe when connected to a network or inserted an usb into the smart tv it could get infected, but what about when connected over HDMI cable?
As far as I know HD... |
Situation
I'm using KeePass to manage my password together with a long complicated password. I need to access passwords quite often so it's a little cumbersome to have to enter the password each time. Since I'm working in a regular workplace with other people I have a quite short interval before KeePass locks itself af... |
From what I understood TLS is protocol independent of HTTPS and can be used with other protocols as well. For example in order to connect to MS SQL server via encrypted connection I'll have to enable TLS with cert on MS SQL server and I know that works.
My question is why it's not possible to leave MS SQL server withou... |
As far as I know, before sending and receiving data in HTTPS, there needs to be an SSL/TLS handshake. Is it reliable to consider every SSL/TLS handshake in port 443 as the start of an HTTPS connection?
For example, to understand how much data is transmitted between client and server via HTTPS, can you check for an SSL/... |
An nmap scan of my test computer returns a result of “5357 / tcp open wsdapi”.
After some research, this is something that can be exploited.
It is explained here that:
By default, WSDAPI will listen on TCP ports 5357 and 5358. The Windows Firewall will allow messages in to these ports if the interface firewall profile... |
If an attacker successfully delivers a CSRF payload by any means, what response can he can see once a victim clicks the link?
|
I've recently become the "tech guy" at a startup, and am tasked with standardizing our hardware infrastructure. Further more, I choose how employees working from home will connect to business hardware. I am not a security expert, although I do know some things here and there through life experience as a developer and c... |
I have setup squid proxy on a CentOs server where I set forwarded_for to delete and denied request headers on the /etc/squid/squid.conf file. However, whilst connected to the proxy, if I visit http://ip-check.net/detect-proxy.php it still detects that I'm using a proxy. How can I configure Squid to hide the fact that I... |
As far as I know, when passwords from a website leak, they leak in an encrypted form. Are all those passwords equally easy to decrypt? My hunch is that a 10-character-long password maybe gets decrypted in a few minutes, but if a password is 100-characters-long, it takes days or years to decrypt. Does it make sense?
Is ... |
Does DVD+R have an MBR? If it does, can a virus that overwrites the MBR overwrite the MBR on the DVD+R?
I'm about to run a virus in a virtual machine with the DVD mounted because the virus is on the DVD, and I don't know if it's a virus that overwrites the MBR, so I don't know if it will overwrite the MBR of the DVD. I... |
On some internet banking websites, I've seen some CVV input fields that seem strange to me. Here is an example:
The field works as such:
You can not input a CVV code using a keyboard.
The numbers are never in their normal order (1, 2, 3...).
The positions of the numbers are shuffled each time you open the CVV input p... |
I've always been afraid of downloading software because of viruses, and that has affected my life as a programmer a lot. So, I want some tips to be able to install and download software without fear of viruses.
|
This question has been asked previously, here. However, none of the answers there address the question. The accepted answer conflates Authy's multi-device mode with its cloud backup feature. I am specifically not asking about the cloud backup feature, but about the multi-device mode which is available even without havi... |
I am dealing with a unique scenario where I have a mobile app that is unable to be updated on the App Store and has implemented SSL pinning. The issue is that the app pins against Lets Encrypt, which now will be moving to new certificates that are not pinned. As a backup, the app pinned a number of other certificates:
... |
We recently received an email from a self described "white hat hacker" purporting to be from our own organization.
According to the mail headers, spf, dmarc, dkim and arc all passed okay and gmail didn't flag it in anyway.
We use google domains for our email and the spf/dmarc record in question for the domain is
SPF ... |
I, user ABC, have an account on some financial website example.com. I have logged in from my browser many times before so cookies were saved. Each time I would log off after I finish browsing that website.
The next time I arrive at the page, I am at the log-in page again. Now if I do not log in and simply browse around... |
If an enemy company's hacker has Remote access to my computer (RAT), can they spy on me and screen record my activities for proof without me knowing it? Can they screen record all my internet activities (writing emails, dealing with companies, Linkedin chat) in the background (i.e. without my knowledge)?
I use Windows ... |
In several Python libraries, I have seen validation functions that raise exceptions upon failure, instead of returning a boolean result. Examples include:
various verify functions in the Cryptography library
the validate_authentication method of pyftpdlib's Authorizer
These functions only serve to test whether or not... |
Yesterday I was on a call with some friends on the discord when suddenly the sound of the windows was silenced and my cursor started to move robotically, as if I was fighting a tug of war with someone who moved the mouse in the opposite direction to me.
At the same time I restarted my computer, and when I started windo... |
I am increasingly being requested to join videoconferences through Zoom, which I don't trust to run on my machine. I understand that there are two common ways of sandboxing this software: you can either download the standalone Zoom application and then run it with the aid of some access control system, such as Firejai... |
We use a linked hash list for data integrity.
Content is hashed (HMAC-SHA256) and stored in a block that itself is hashed and referenced in the next block:
Simplified example:
...
{
id: "block1",
cId: "A",
cHash: "hashOfA",
pId: "block0",
pHash: "hashOfBlock0",
t: time
},
{
id: block2,
cId: "B",... |
What would be a way to transfer files in one direction from internet-facing computerA => air-gapped computerB to protect the files on computerB from unauthorised disclosure, short of using an expensive data-diode?
Requirements
The data transfer must be continuous. (cable is ok but not a USB flash drive)
Only the confi... |
I'm finding it really hard to find a solution to make secure requests via our API without a potential hacker being able to see sensitive secret information via Google Chrome dev tools (or any browser's dev tools), as React tends to show everything that's client-facing. Our backend hosts Stripe payment info (which may o... |
As I understand it, there is no internet protocol that provides true broadcast like in say a card game or a partially synchronous network assumption. How close can internet protocols come though?
We've many parties playing some card game. Alice has a "hairdresser" card she wishes to play, so she broadcasts "hairdress... |
I read some articles about XSS and how to mitigate the flaws in a web application. I've seen the HttpOnly on Set-Cookie. Can this flag be bypassed? Or is there another way to access a session cookie?
I read some articles but I think they are too old:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/228138/is-it-possible-for-a-xss-... |
SolarWinds Orion customers have suffered some network compromises according to news reports.
One report says, right at the end of the article, that SAML2.0 signing certificates may have been compromised.
From the point of view of a SAML service provider (that's me!), this means attackers can spoof Assertions (credentia... |
I know that anything can be exploited. But let's say I want to prevent thieves that do not have access to not openly available exploits, to reset my phone so he can sell.
If no openly available exploits exist, then he'd be left with the options of factory resetting (which I opened a question about here: Is Android's sy... |
I'm using Ubuntu, I detected a file called "yveqsh93.exe" after plugging my USB into a heavily used Windows XP machine in one of the labs of my research group at university (Controlling some lab equipment).
This file was labeled as a trojan by VirusTotal
How do I act now? I immediately disconnected my Password vault fr... |
As Windows is case-insensitive, the string mimikatz can be evaluated the same as MIMIKATZ or MimIkaTZ. A naive method of AV evasion by switching cases of some characters in suspicious string has been demonstrated here where the string wdigest.dll is simply replaced with the same thing but with some characters in upperc... |
If someone buys a brand new PC with NO antivirus program, and:-
Never opens ANY emails/attachments
Never visits shady/malicious websites
Never downloads anything,
Never connects an infected removable drive to the PC.
Never clicks any advertisement
...but just browses YouTube, Wikipedia, and some other educationa... |
I was testing how WPS works on my home router and tried to gain access with airgeddon.
Problem is the key that airgeddon returns is an 8-digit number, not my WPA2 password.
My output looks like this:
PIN: 12345670
Key: 12312312
while it should look like this:
PIN: 12345670
Key: "mypassword"
Is this a IPS that comes... |
Can the data in a password-manager Chrome extension be accessed by a different Chrome extension? For example, if one were to install a malicious extension, could that extension access the data (i.e., the passwords) inside an extension like 1Password X? Could the malicious extension log the password a user types to unlo... |
I am running Responder on Kali Linux within a client network using the following command
sudo responder -I eth0 -w -r -d
which is capturing many hashes in the environment. Responder is a LLMNR, NBT-NS and MDNS poisoner used for MITM attacks. Essentially it waits for users to enter an incorrect DNS name and then acts a... |
Assume that I have a GPG secret key Sk guarded by a passphrase and that I store the key in a safe in case a thief steals my laptop. The safe is itself reliable and secure. Assume also that I am likely to lose my memory in a car accident while catching the thief.
I wouldn't worry about the thief, as I used the passphra... |
Assuming I have a website with a button that sends AJAX requests to my server which will be expensive to process.
I suppose that mostly cookie or JavaScript + cookie challenges are used to prevent (most) attacks from bots. This way, only requests sent by bots who can process cookies (and JavaScript) would be processed ... |
I just generated a revocation certificate for my key. Unfortunately I don't fully understand the concept. Here are my questions:
How exactly am I supposed to use it?
Suppose for example that my private key gets compromised.
What exactly I am gonna do with my revocation certificate?
For instance, send an e-mail to all ... |
I'm looking into the feasibility of using indirect CRLs to eliminate the need to manually publish CRLs from an offline root.
Is anyone familiar with any similar deployments? If so, how did they set it up so the CRL signer doesn't need access to the offline CA's db?
Thanks!
|
One of my friends has recently found malicious activity on his device. He hasn't lost anything monetary yet, but he has been getting password recovery requests sent to his email from all the various sites on which he uses his email to login. My friend has changed all his passwords and backup his data, and I have cutoff... |
I'm looking at hardening our AD. One concern I have is around Golden Ticket Attacks using Mimikatz and the likes (https://attack.stealthbits.com/how-golden-ticket-attack-works). One of the things that struck me about the attack is that it requires privileges on a DC. If you already have privileges on a DC, what's the p... |
Given the following situation: we have sensitive information and want to give a user access to it. At this point the user might not have interacted with our system yet.
We generate a random code that we send to a user to grant him access to his information. There would also be a second factor for the access. But this q... |
I've been researching low-cost, yet strong, tamper-evident mechanisms, and purchased some low-cost glitter-hot-glue sticks as part of this research. The Amazon page advertising the sticks, seems to indicate (in the product photos) that they can be used on electronics; maybe the photos even hint as to it being possible ... |
Does the CA need to mandatorily publish the new CRL file even though there are no new certificates that have been compromised since the last CRL published?
If CA needs to publish the CRL's periodically, how do I identity whether there are new records added to the revocation list or not?
If there are no new records adde... |
My email server has been under constant brute force attack for a while now, without success.
Recently, however, these bots or automated scripts have found a way to "use my own static IP" in an attempt to break into the email server.
I am running fail2ban which is now "banning my own static IP". My server is running Deb... |
I have read and seen that javascript framekiller code doesn't seem to be widely espoused as a panacea solution. It's target use case seems to primarily be for legacy browsers or old browser versions that don't support X-Frame-Options.
I am not sure if I am reading this page correctly: https://caniuse.com/?search=X-FRAM... |
This is not an exercise, there might be no solution.
We are producing a Docker image (based on CentOS) which is designed to be executed by a non-root user.
However, this user has write access to /etc/passwd because he is in "root" group. Here are /etc/passwd permissions:
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 692 Dec 16 14:35 /etc/pas... |
I wanted to try and publish my public key via WKD. I followed some tutorials and managed quite soon to make work enough for https://metacode.biz/openpgp/web-key-directory to tell me that everything is fine.
Next step: try it out. So I tried it out on my significant others Win10/Thunderbird setup - and it wouldn't disco... |
I'm investigating a protection options for a mesh network (p2p). The amount of nodes is constantly changing and possibly owned by different entities.
We are thinking between 802.11s with SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11s#Peer_authentication_methods and WPA-RSN https:... |
In this hot question on Gaming, the asker wants to know how to continue playing FarmVille. Answers and comments exlpain ways to do so, but no one currently has a solution that seems safe to me.
Someone mentioned VMs and emulators, but I’m not convinced this wouldn’t still compromise the host machine.
Assuming the Flash... |
I'm testing Linux server where Java web application is run as root, I typed:
>ps aux
in the result I see:
root 18265 (...) Sl+ 19:52 0:37 java -Xmx2g -jar test_app.jar
what is the best explanation for admins to convince them to run application not as root?
What if user is not root, but in sudo group?
|
Context: Disqus and similar tools allow content creators to have an embedded "chat box" so that site visitors can comment on your content.
I noticed recently that when I sign up I can claim ownership of any domain, even if I don't actually own it.
I found that rather concerning, but personally don't know what the risks... |
I'm currently testing OpenVPN to give developers limited access to AWS VPC's.
Assuming I have 3 VPC's... VPC-A, VPC-B, VPC-C, each of these with private and public subnets.
The OpenVPN server will be in the public subnet VPC-A-Pub-1.
VPC-A is peered to the other 2 VPC's.
I want developers to have direct access to VPC-A... |
I'm currently learning about network security and came across a problem, maybe I'm just missing something obvious but I'll try to explain my environment:
I have a Kali Linux VM connected to the WAN Interface (192.168.178.109) of a Pfsense VM, the PFsense has another LAN (.2.1) and DMZ (.1.1) interfaces with a few VMs c... |
A web scan by ZAP indicated that my website is vulnerable to a Remote OS command injection. Details are below:
This is the URL the scanner found vulnerable:
https://[redacted]/[redacted]?address=ZAP%22%26sleep+15%26%22&email=foo-bar%40example.com&message=&name=ZAP&phone=9999999999
This is the exploit:
ZAP"&sleep 15&"
... |
All the popular password managers on the market advertise that they have AES-256 grade security. In a nutshell, the user has the master key and the password manager has the cipher-text. So the password manager cannot read any of the user data.
How do password managers have the feature to share passwords between friends... |
According to cvedetail graph Vulnerability Distribution By CVSS Scores, we can see that CVE with a CVSS in range 8 to 9 are the less represented of all range.
Even compared to the low score ranges which seems to be generally less populated.
It's really strange because it make like a gap: the range 8 to 9 represent 0.4... |
If I check the processes that are running in the Task Manager and find that only the usual process run every time I restart my PC, can I assume that my device is not compromised?
In other words, does a compromised device always show an alien process running?
|
When i use google chrome occasionally appears about 5 different McAfee's notification (I don't have McAfee installed), one of those:
ATTENTION! Your computer is in danger. We detected a virus on your computer. You need to remove viruses from your computer. The system is infected. Click here to clean 22.39 uelihaldiscr... |
I'm using Metasploit. I tried adding the file 46731.rb to both /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/exploits/confluence/46731.rb and ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/msf4/46731.rb. Then I updated the database using the updatedb command.
However, when I do search 46731 in msfconsole, then it doesn't find any results. What am... |
A family member of mine called my attention to a Facebook profile with data significantly resembling mine:
Matching first and last name
Matching city
Matching secondary school
Matching university
Different workplace (although same industry)
4 profile photos showing someone else (safe-for-work but a bit dating-sit... |
Kazakhstan recently tried to force users again to install a root CA. This has been rejected again by numerous western tech companies.
https://www.engadget.com/tech-giants-browsers-block-kazakhstan-web-surveillance-080031499.html
How they do it might be questionable. But consider they would have gone the official way to... |
I have a WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) application using the netTcpBinding.
Server configuration:
<netTcpBinding>
<binding name="defaultNetTcpBinding">
<security mode="Transport">
<transport clientCredentialType="Windows" protectionLevel="EncryptAndSign" sslProtocols="Tls12">
<extendedProte... |
Obviously there is massive information about the SolarWinds Orion hack itself of the malicious DLL injected into the update: https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html
But how did the SolarWinds company themselves get i... |
I'm working with a program with a networking protocol that is using RSA keys to authenticate clients. I am looking to replace the custom authentication protocol with TLS (as it's a vetted protocol). I can use self-signed certificates or RFC 7250 for client authentication. The problem is that there are some use cases fo... |
Equipment: Alfa AWUS036ACH Wi-Fi adapter AC1200
Fresh Install of Kali Linux, fully updated (not on a VM)
I have been running across this same "bad beacon" error (sometimes with "DEAUTH" in front of it) when trying to run besside-ng. I am running besside-ng after I run the sudo airmon-ng start wlan1 command, which I ge... |
I'm trying to come up with an authentication/authorization system for what seems like a really simple scenario, but as far as I can tell it's virtually unsupported.
There are two parties, total; myself and someone else ("other"). I'm running a bunch of services with HTTP APIs that are reachable over the public Internet... |
We have developed a script that generates certain reports as output. Input data being confidential in nature, one of our clients wants the code to be hosted in their country and also for the business continuity have access to the source code with a caveat to never re-use or sell it further.
I would like to know is ther... |
I'm working on a sharing protocol, and the handshake, authentication etc. is done with RSA keys.
By default I use 4096 bit keys, but it seems the beginning and end of any key generated are the same, how worried should I be?
This phenomenon happens both on Windows and Linux.
The python code generating the keys is roughl... |
When I enter the right password to log in to my computer*, I am in instantly. However, if I mistype it, there is around a 2 second pause. Are there significantly more computations taking place to check if a password is incorrect than incorrect?
* (MacBook Air 2015 if it matters)
|
Was going through the SSH key pair generation and did tried with the few systems i have. refer to the below command and the thumbprint value post key pair generation.
$ ssh-keygen.exe -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa): ./temp
./temp already ex... |
This is a very newbie question, but I would just like to make sure that I'm not missing anything: If I connect via VNC protocol to my various servers etc. inside my own LAN (home network), then should I consider hardening my VNC in any way? (E.g. VNC through SSH etc.). Or is it really pointless? I mean when initiating ... |
When an attack on IT systems of a state is discovered, often another state is publicly blamed for it within a few days. I wonder whether these attributions are plausible from a technical point of view.
How are sophisticaed cyber attacks traced? Is it trivial to hide one's geographical location in a large-scale attack? ... |
Consider a remote and local system doing mutual authentication either by TLS through server/client certificates or similarly wireguard.
What are the differences when the private keys (in particular the one for the remote system/server) are
a) exposed in clear to an attacker
or
b) the attacker can actively change those
... |
I am attempting to exploit HEVD kernel driver buffer overflow challenge:
https://github.com/hacksysteam/HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver
However when running the below code my windows 7 machine doesn't execute the desired shellcode (assign current process with SYSTEM token):
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int m... |
I have some web applications (for example jupyter notebook) running on my home pc (ubuntu) that sometimes I would like to access remotely.
What would be an efficient and safe method to do it?
I don't need to remotely access the computer, I just want to access web applications that run on it
The following are the option... |
I was considering creating a 1Password families account because I liked the idea that 1Password never has the information needed to decrypt my passwords; however, when I created an account, I entered my master password on the 1Password website and then the website generated a PDF with my secret key.
If the 1Password we... |
I was not sure about it and I got some answers from internet but didn't get the logical reasoning behind it.
If I just click on a malicious link it might open a new tab, or it might download something. When it opens a new tab, it might download certain things in the browser cache, which should get deleted after restart... |
I'm trying to answer a multiple-choice question which is the following:
"Consider the security of a password file, which includes a 10 bit
salt and all passwords are hashed, but known to consist of exactly 8
characters from the following alphabet:
lowercase letters ('a' to 'z')
uppercase letters ('A' to 'Z')
digits (... |
I have a database for a chat app to which users can upload images. These images get scanned before they are made available to other users in a conversation. But when the antivirus gets an update, should I rescan images which have already been uploaded (or maybe only those that haven't been viewed by every member of the... |
As in the title, hydra will only execute one try per task before hanging.
$ hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/wfuzz/general/common.txt -u 10.10.68.141 http-post-form "/admin:user=^USER^&pass=^PASS^:F=invalid:H=Cookie:PHPSESSID=f92meothea0jd8u7faabbnk1p6" -I -t 1 -vV
[DATA] max 1 task per 1 server, overall 1 task,... |
I'm in the market for a new phone. The cheapest ones with decent specs are from China. Unfortunately I've read articles of phones sending data back to China for spying purposes.
The phone I am looking to buy is the Xiaomi Poco X3 NFC which has had their code open sourced https://github.com/MiCode/Xiaomi_Kernel_OpenSour... |
From the definition of key escrow (a method to store important cryptographic keys providing data-at-rest protection), it sounds very similar to that of secure storage which could be basically software-based or hardware-based (TPM/HSM).
But, I could not figure out any differences or similarities between these two on the... |
Being gadgets change per each system and architecture (do they?), how would an attacker be able to determine the offsets of various Return Oriented Programming gadgets, would an attacker first need to determine:
-The operating system?
-The architecture the operating system is running on (i386, 64bit, arm, arm64, etc)
-... |
Is there a usage of OpenID Connect (OIDC) that allows for a chain of RP (terminology reference)
user -> RP#1
user <-redirect to chosen OP- RP#1
user -> OP: verifies identity
user <-redirects to RP#2- OP
user -> RP#2
user <-Signs this attestation and redirects to next RP in the chain- RP#2
user -> RP#1: Has an authentic... |
Bitwarden claims that it is more secure than traditional cloud password managers (such as Google) as it only stores the encrypted version of the passwords database. But for some reason the password you use to authenticate on their website is the same as the vault password - meaning that the company could potentially de... |
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