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The idea is to find, through some search engine or tool, a HTML tag structure, or HTML fingerprint, which reveals similarly coded pages to a particular one.
A traditional search engine like Google or Bing will only look out for actual content, but won't give results for HTML itself.
I am aware some services, such as sh... |
I understand that X.509 certificates are used for authentication.
How can I use the information provided in an X.509 certificate for authorization? For example, are there any fields in the certificate that can be checked by the server to determine whether that user can access a resource once authenticated?
Thanks
|
With a single infoleak and access to the binary you can calculate the other addresses. Is this still possible when you don't have access to the binary?
|
I've realised that there is an easy way for someone who is external to figure out valid employee numbers at my company.
And I'm fairly sure they could then be linked to a full name easily too.
I've raised this as a concern with our security team as I don't particularly like the idea but it's been brushed off as a fairl... |
Recently I tried to make an online purchase in one of the biggest e-commerce sites in Greece.
During checkout, and after providing debit card details, it asked me to provide the username/password (not one-time-password) of my e-banking account to an iframe inside the site.
I inspected the iframe url (src attribte) and ... |
We are a big supermarket chain and have had complaints about fraudulent activities from a few customers who have used a particular email domain. We are in the process of implementing MFA on our site. If the customer's email account is already hacked (and username and password on our site) the MFA will not make any diff... |
When parsing a string to a BigDecimal or BigInteger in Java, or BigInt in JavaScript, are there any known security issues around this? Like if you take in the string without validating it's just numbers, is there any risk?
Are there any known CVEs around this?
|
I bumped across a request via Traffic analysis through Burp Suite Proxy & it looked like a 3DS Authentication.
Sample below:
My question was if this authentication could be intercepted, decoded or tampered with using any attack vectors such as CSRF, MiTM or otherwise. Are there any attack vectors that had been success... |
I am using docker to run a few server apps on a raspberryPi with ports exposed to the open internet. If an attacker were to successfully infiltrate my docker containers, I would like to be certain that they cannot access other devices on my network.
Therefore, I would like to know how to lock down my docker containers ... |
I seems a little strange that the only thing in common between me and my guest is that she was on my wifi and thus using my wan ip address, yet I am receiving advertising from a site she used. I'm not surprised that she sees those ads, but it seems odd that a completely different system, os, useragent, no cookies bein... |
As part of a bounty bug, I discovered a Client Side Template Injection (CSTI). I would like to create more "impressive" payload to increase the risk of the vulnerability. The framework affected is AngularJS.
Theses payload works:
{{7*7}}
${{constructor.constructor('alert("This is a CSTI");')()}}
${{constructor.construc... |
I'm testing this application which is properly validating origin header on the sever side. However, if I add any domain and the expect domain as port, application still consider this valid.
Origin: https://random-domain.com:expected-domain.com
This is also valid.
Origin: https://random-domain.com?expected.domain.com
I'... |
Disclaimer: This is a cross-post after I initially was looking for help on the Gentoo forums since I suspected some major update of my Gentoo system to be the reason behind my problem.
However, since then I found that my GnuPG setup is working except for with that one specific key, plus I did not get any useful feedbac... |
I was informed recently about the RIPPLE20 vulnerabilities.
Can I identify the usage of a specific protocol on my PC or inside some application on a PC?
I think that the first thing to do in these cases is to find the assets that can be influenced by these zero days.
In that case, I think that the identification of the... |
I'm trying to figure out if it's possible while listening to the network to read URLs from the traffic.
Since privatebin uses the encryption key in the URL, what process could be in use to prevent spies to see the full URL?
I opened wireshark and checked what happens when I open an encrypted paste: I was surprised I co... |
I have a (sensitive) background in security, in short, I believe that the infrastructures MUST NOT connect to the internet. If you connect to the internet, it is a matter of time before it is breached.
In recent news
An unidentified hacker has accessed the computer systems for the water treatment facility in the city ... |
A while ago, I installed Tor app on my android (fully updated and Android 10) and with a free Vpn tried to open some sites listed on several blogs (like "best dark sites in 2020" or "dark websites for torrents" etc)(most were scams) and also one that claimed to be providing hidden news of world (basically conspiracy th... |
From Yahoo News with an embedded TikTok posting:
"To protect your security, www.tiktok.com will not allow Firefox to
display the page if another site has embedded it. To see this page,
you need to open it in a new window."
Firefox explains it here
"Websites can use x-frame options or a content security policy to
con... |
The full story goes here
In short, I surfed darkweb on android(updated android 10, now 11) carelessly and ignored some hijack warnings(2 of them) by Tor (warnings came in the form of a purple webpage that was supposed to be the page where automatic ad redirected) on a couple of ads.
Now, basically I did not found anyth... |
Context
I'm building data lake from scratch within a small team (3-6 data engineers). I want to mask PII data when copying data from prod to dev/test environments.
I'm particularly interested in the case when ETL join, srk generation, deduplication logic depends on PII columns. So I believe I need bijective (no collisi... |
Let's say in my address bar I see such link:
Privatebin URL/key interception?
Can somebody besides server and me know that I'm visiting not just security.stackexchangec.com but excactly ../questions/244530/privatebin-url-key-interception ?
|
I'm a student of computer architecture and I just got through a class on Hardware Security.
We spent a considerable amount of time learning about microarchitectural side channels, reading papers on how researchers "stole" cryptographic keys from toy crypto libraries by timing memory accesses, and crafting toy example a... |
I'm trying to login a user and, then, retrieve the user information like we do on a regular web app using php session.
I have searched some solutions but I couldn't find any answer for my problem/doubt.
I know that the best way of doing it is using tokens but I would like to know if there's any other way to do that wit... |
My colleagues started using https://github1s.com to browse our company's code on Github. It pops a "visual studio" window for the code. Looks great and useful.
But... I don't know much about web stuff. How can I tell if this is safe? What can the site see of my code? How is authentication dealt with? All I could find i... |
My router's firewall was set to accept incoming traffic for about 48 hours. Misconfiguration from a user, apparently.
I have few devices on the network (two Windows PC, Freenas, printer, chromecast TV). The firewall logs were disabled. No default login/password on any device, except for one (guest Windows account witho... |
I know its is advised to encrypt the traffic within the company network.
Should we also stay away from SSL termination after a reverse proxy that's proxies multiple worker nodes on the same LAN?
By SSL termination I mean that the proxy will deal with all the TLS stuff and forward the request afterwards over HTTP. I hop... |
I develop an Angular app with a NodeJS API.
I am trying to add security to my application and so I need to create a safe authentication. To do it I have found some courses to add JWT to requests and especially followed this one. I have then created verification middleware on express API and token storage in Angular loc... |
I'm trying to use john the ripper to vbulletin hashes. Example command here;
john -w: D:\Leak\1.2billion.txt -form:dynamic_1007 C:\Users\fatih\Desktop\m2711\m2711-2.hash
output:
Warning: invalid UTF-8 seen reading D:\Leak\1.2billion.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
No password hashes loaded (see FAQ)
What is ... |
I am trying to migrate off of firebase, as in doing so, you can export the hashes of user passwords. Looking at their algorithm, they do not store password hashes, but rather, they use the first 32-characters of a password hash to encrypt a secret key, and store that instead.
I was mostly wondering, why would they be d... |
Although
What is the best way to store password in memory (RAM) in Java?
covers the same territory, this question has the aspect of noticing
what other people do and wondering why. The question on SO:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8881291/why-is-char-preferred-over-string-for-passwords
is a better duplicate, th... |
I'm currently doing my Cyber Security Certification program, I along with my fellow classmates are in Beginner stages. Over the past few weeks we have been writing up variety of Discussions using Domains 1 to 5, for this Week we are given a scenario and must utilize Domains 6 and 7. Where I have a strong grasp of Techn... |
My company NAS has been attacked by Ransomeware and all the files are now encrypted to above file formats. Does anyone know any method of decrypting at least some files?
I can find some decryption tools for older ransomware attacks. But unfortunately, I couldn't find any tool for these file formats.
Thank you.
|
The question concerns the idea of transferring sessions between domains without having to log in again.
I would like to do it like this:
(user is logged in and changes the language to a language from another domain) :
the test_token is generated
test_token is used to save current session data for redis/database (max... |
What happened?
This is a live event that a friend of mine is working on, a company's systems were breached by a Threat Actor (TA), when the Cyber Sec company was called in and tried to regain access they could not, as SSH authentication would fail.
What I suggested
I suggested the use of Hydra, as he mentioned SSH auth... |
I don't mean to start another OAuth vs OpenID discussion, but I want to share the underlying cause of my confusion.
When I want a Client to process my google docs for something, I have to go through my google account. But if its only use is to process docs, why is it asking for my email address on the consent page? Doe... |
I was reading an article which said that if you install custom root cert from a third party then they can decipher all communication between you and others.
But that doesn't make sense. What I understand is that root cert allows SSL mechanism to verify if a certificate provided by connecting party is legit or not.
So u... |
Is an Android device that is
rooted
has the bootloader unlocked
is running some mainstream custom ROM
has encryption enabled, with a strong password
more vulnerable (As in easier to break into, to have its data decrypted by a criminal or law enforcement) than the same device running stock Android (Also encrypted with... |
I understand how some CDNs also suffice protection from DDoS attacks by distributing content serving via various machines instead just one machine so that distributed attacks on one machine become unfeasible.
If I am not mistaken, such CDNs can also help protect against brute force attacks and if so it might be good fo... |
I am trying to find a list of applications which use RPMB partition in the underlying Storage Device (eMMC/UFS/NVMe) in Android Trusty environment.
How do I go about doing this ?
Thanks
|
A new HTTP header named Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy has three values:
unsafe-none
same-origin-allow-popups
same-origin
Google's web.dev article about this header explains its effects on other sites (as in, cross-origin sites) that open sites with this header with regards to a separate browsing context group. Scott Hel... |
I have an iPhone XR with iOS 14 with security issues in the past. One of my email addresses showed up on to data breach websites and the password I use was the same for all of my accounts like a dummy. Accordingly, my Apple account was hacked at the same time and password was changed by whoever hacked it.
I was really ... |
What advantages does a Cookie-to-header technique give over CORS in a cross-origin request scenario?
Example scenario:
A rest API called api.com provides data to good.com. api.com has allowlisted cross-origin requests from good.com.
Some client with an old browser that doesn't have CORS implemented goes to evil.com. Fr... |
I am trying to learn Metasploit using Kali Linux on a Virtual Machine. I learned that payloads can be "carried" through an Apache server. But the problem is, when I try to access the Apache server through my Android phone, it seems that it cannot reach the server even though I entered the details correctly and the serv... |
I'm not sure if this question is within the scope of security.stackexchange or it would be more suitable on stackoverflow. Let me know if needed.
I'm wetting my feet in PHP, and I've put together a very simple program that (using JavaScript) receives as user input a .txt file, sanitizes it to remove all punctuation, th... |
Can the same public key be used with RSA, Elliptic Curve, or other asymmetric encryptions algorithms? If not, how is a public key bound to a X.509 Certificate? Presumably, you'd have to know the algorithmic choice before determine a public key, and the choice of algorithms is only settled during the handshake.
|
The first two or three times I ran it, John the Ripper successfully cracked a password file with a single hashed password. Since then, however, I've only been getting this result (with the same password file and JtR version):
0 password hashes cracked, 1 left
I tried removing the john.pot file, but that had no effec... |
It took only one DLL, the SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll, to bring so many companies to the knees. To be more precise, just a couple lines of code in the single DLL.
In today's cloud-native application development, a single microservice (e.g., spring boot jar) can easily be dependent on more than 100 libraries... |
Frontend communicates to backend.
I am a developer of frontend and backend.
I want to protect my app (prohibit end user from using my app without paying).
The only thing I have in mind is to have some middle point, some my server.
Frontend send some encoded request to my server, there request is being transformed in a ... |
Perhaps the answer is no, and perhaps this is a dumb question. However I am trying to understand the underlying principles better.
My understanding of certificate signing process.
I generate a key pair.
I create a CSR. [CSR is essentially the public key + DN information signed using the corresponding private key to pr... |
I'm trying to exploit a basic C program (below) which I've written:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char ch[10];
scanf("%s", ch);
if(strcmp("1235", ch))
printf("\nAccess Denied\n");
else
printf("\nAccess Approved\n");
}
It will ask you to input a string (as a password) and... |
I work at a company that provides a SaaS program for other organizations, and each subscribed organization receives their own subdomain of their choosing - generally they choose the organization name. We recently discovered that there are tools that can use brute force DNS requests to enumerate the subdomains for a giv... |
Does the definition of phishing also include tricking the victim into executing malware, such as ransomware, that's not used to retrieve the victim's information?
As I see it, Wikipedia's definition of phishing does not include ransomware:
Phishing is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information or data, suc... |
There is a small piece of code that is making request to Web server through socket. i am able to see that its a TCP over no SSL through wireshark.
My question is, Is it technically possible to see contents of TCP packets? All communication that is sent from mobile is through TCP (primarily by a C code)
Note: This is no... |
We need to create an API in Azure API Management and allow only known, registered applications to call it. We can require authentication, which restricts access to only people in our AAD, but how can we ensure that only certain applications can call the API? I know (a little) about clientIds and secrets, but those ar... |
Is Bash more commonly used in security work than PowerShell? If so, why? (Now that Powershell can be used on Linux)
I tried to Google around for an answer on this, and the only questions we seem to have here are quite different, e.g.:
What should I learn for Cyber security
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/573623/is-... |
My web application is a long sequence of games, which submit progress results back to the server via a web API. These progress messages are how we know how many points the user has earned. The points are used to show rankings and status and that kind of thing.
By checking stats, we just discovered that a registered use... |
Not sure if this is the right spot to post this, but I have not been able to find how to enable 2FA (such as authy, MS/google authenticator, yubikey etc...) on stack exchange using email authentication. I am aware that I could use SSO through Google or Facebook but would much rather not due to privacy concerns that rel... |
I was recently reading through the nmap port scanning documentation and it points out that to perform a SYN scan (-sS) you require root privileges because an unprivileged user cannot send raw packets. Why does the OS not allow an unprivileged user to send a raw packet?
|
I'd like to test some code that should be compatible with both RFC5816 (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5816.txt) as well as RFC3161 tokens. The problem is that all timestamping services that I found so far which serve RFC5816 tokens (which use id-smime-aa-signingCertificateV2 rather than id-smime-aa-signingCertificate to ... |
In recent iOS devices you can temporarily disable unlocking via biometrics by holding the power button and either volume button for a couple seconds. I’m trying to find out if this does anything to help prevent AFU mode (after first unlock) vulnerabilities such as GrayKey. Does disabling biometrics evict encryption key... |
Imagine that I'm building a server that provides useful APIs for web chat development. I want it to be accessible only to registered developer accounts. A developer registers and builds a chat that uses my API. The chat is anonymous, so chat users are not expected to register anywhere. However the chat uses my API that... |
Before I proceed to testing this myself I wanted some clarity. I have a basic understanding of SSH and Cryptography but not completely sure about this plan. I want to implement a key rotation policy by enforcing that end user keys are only valid for 90 days, but I don't want to rotate my CA. Let's see this scenario (ap... |
I found a clickjacking issue in a site and the site security team said me that i would require unusual user interaction. So I wrote a code above the iframe but I was not successful in achieving it.
The site had two sensitive buttons which must be clicked to sent a invite request. And so i've added two buttons and also ... |
Years ago (~2010-2019) the Extended Validation (EV) Certificates made a lot of sense.
The user in their browser would see a clear difference between
a "grey" (http/not secured) website
a "green lock" (https normal certificate) website
and a "green lock with name of the company owning the website" (https ev certificate... |
SIM swap occurs where the scammer uses phished information about you to request a SIM card replacement from your cell phone carrier, by tricking them into believing that it is you who is making the request for a SIM card replacement by passing their security questions on the phone based on the biometric data they phish... |
Any PaaS/shared hosting company which I came across offers its customers to protect their websites from DDoS via security-oriented CDNs such as CloudFlare or CloudFront which act as a proxy distributing the content serving via various machines (instead just one machine - the one which hosts the website).
Is the idea of... |
This morning, I found out that I received a call from "skype-resolver" in the middle of the night on my phone. When I went to Skype, the call was nowhere to be found, presumably because the account had already been deleted. iOS however, kept a record of the call listing the name as "Group%20Maker" and username "8:guest... |
When converting a password-protected PEM/PKCS1-encoded private key to DER format one is not able to encrypt the key, OpenSSL automagically asks for the password and writes the plain-text key in the output file.
However, I understand that PKCS8-encoding does support encryption when converted to DER format, my problem is... |
I am trying to access my Gmail account. I have the correct password. When I click on login it asks for a confirmation code sent to my recovery email. Hopefully, the recovery email does not have this strange procedure and I could log in to my recovery email and entered the confirmation code sent to my recovery email. Wh... |
I would like to know how to securely setup HTTPS between two applications running on the same workstation in a production environment please:
A local server application (C#)
A web frontend which accesses the local server through a browser (packaged as an app using Electron and talking to the local server over HTTPS)
... |
This question is related to another inquiry on this site: Can Android phone running without SIM card be tracked (localized) by police?
Accepted answer claims that:
Without a SIM, your cell phone will not normally transmit data to
local base stations, but if you make an emergency call, it will
identify itself with the... |
Are there any ways to serve a webpage locally without revealing IP to end users?
|
So x9.95 seems to be a trusted timestamping scheme built on top of RFC3161.
I couldn‘t find a good definition though how it differes or what additional constraints it imposes.
Can someone list the (technical) constraints that a x9.95 system fulfills which are not generally fulfilled by a system that adheres to RFC3161?... |
Among other things, I use clamscan on my web servers website directories to help find compromised websites. Unfortunately the time to do this scan is becoming onerous.
Are there any good reasons not to ignore the scanning of .jpg and .png files to reduce the load on the scanner?
|
The premise of this question boils down to frictionless access to data. I have User A whose records I have kept on a database.
I want to send them a link to their records such that they can access their records without having to sign into any kind of portal or Auth system.
This is my current approach:
Endpoint --> http... |
Can I use hashcat with the only CPU and not a GPU? I found hashcat-legacy but it isn't stable as much as hashcat current.
|
I'm not sure what's the option to store and manage session IDs for long lived sessions (3-6 months each).
Given that the session ID is generated with enough entropy and that the session ID is then given to the user via SSL and a Secure, HttpOnly cookie, these are the options I came up with for storing the session ID:
... |
In order to mitigate the potential exposure to ripple20 zero-day, I must identify the device/s that have the Trek TCP/IP stack installed.
Can I do this with software like LanSweeper? Or must I check every single device router etc.?
|
I have recently migrated an internal application (API + SPA) security from Windows Authentication (done by IIS) to Azure A/D authentication using the implicit flow.
Now, every user must enter an e-mail address, password and an authentication code (typically generated by a mobile app).
The test environments also expose ... |
I am using putty and private key to access my development server. I used Nmap to see which ports are visible to the public, and in fact the 22 is open.
Is it possible to hide open port from the public?
If not, how secure is the SSH connection with a private key?
I did the following:
Placed a private key on the USB key... |
Most what I read on CT logs is about browsers checking the logs for websites.
But what about normal applications or updates for operating systems (like apt-get over https, windows/osx updates ...)
Is checking CT logs mandatory for those too?
Is it up to the program developer to implement this?
|
I stumbled upon this weird product in a webstore primarily selling Cannabis-related products (not the actual herbs): https://smoketower.com/nyheter/Anonym-3310-mobiltelefon
I've manually translated the Swedish product description for you into English:
Small cellphone for the more sensitive calls. Keep anonymous by set... |
I'm aware of this post that GDPR apparently does not enforce a specific standard to secure sensible data. Based on this post e.g., there is no requirement to encrypt or hash login data in a local database, either.
GDPR however provides the user of a service the right to know what data are stored in the service's data ... |
How to use msfvenom elf approach for metasploitable 2?
I am reading a book that teaches how to make a msfvenom executable for Windows. But I am learning on metasploitable 2. I really did not want to skip this section without understanding this. So I got 2 other books but they both also only teach Windows approach to th... |
As far as I understand it, a simple approach for a malware DLL injection would require 2 DLLs. The first for the DLL side loading, while the malicious DLL remains encrypted. And then this 'loader' would decrypt the DLL and inject the payload into a victims valid process using VirtualAllocEx, LoadLibrary, CreateRemoteTh... |
Suppose a website is logging out the user after some time to re-create the session and start using the website. As the security tester, how will you handle this situation? Isn't it frustrating? Yes! looking from a security perspective this is a nice mechanism, but if you are a penetration tester, how will you handle th... |
Running Windows 10 LTSC. Forwarded 445 port on the router to Windows SMB.
Assuming that:
My machine has no viruses in it (fresh Windows installation)
It has been updated to the latest OS release
I am using a secure, hard to brute force, password
How secure is my setup?
Provided that my computer has some sensitive dat... |
A former employer of mine has reached out to me to assist them with PCI certification (I guess I'll be getting a 1099-NEC from them next year as a result). Here's the point I'm at in the questionnaire:
File-integrity monitoring tools are deployed within the cardholder data environment to detect unauthorized modificati... |
I want to verify whether mysql remote connection is using tls/ssl connection for security purposes.
I ran status command to check initially:
mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 8.0.19 for osx10.15 on x86_64 (Homebrew)
Connection id: 47
Current database:
Current user: user@127.219.252.250
SSL: ... |
When you are completely inside the VM, can you have your host machine in which the VM resides be encrypted while running the VM?
Say for example:
Ubuntu(host machine): -> runs VM(Arch)
Can Ubuntu be completely encrypted from the Arch VM?
I am sure it must be possible, right?
|
My understanding of Post-Redirect-Get so far is not very deep. I've used it a couple of times now. What I notice, though, is that when I use it, I am sending a rather private token of some sort to the last page in the GET request. It is a token that allows the server to respond with information about the just-complet... |
I'm thinking of getting a Librem laptop with Pureboot which uses Heads (with the Librem key) for tamper detection. But I've heard rumours that there are weaknesses or vulnerabilities so I wanted to see if anyone here knows about it. For me, I'm thinking of dual booting Qubes and Manjaro. I want to use Heads to verify n... |
We have a set of people who need to do a proof of concept for 9 weeks. To do that, they need to VPN to a well known IT company environment.
However, they want to be able to install the IT company's VPN client (which is simply Cisco anyconnect) onto their corporate VDI to do it.
It works, though we had to whitelist the ... |
I have installed several mod apps of Netflix, amazon prime, games apk from google in android v10. Can spyware be installed through these apk. these apps have not taken much permissions from me they only take permission of storage. I have also shifted to android 11 and and also resetted my phone twice. Do any kind of sp... |
I have a system where I'm using X.509 certificates to authenticate the client to the server. The certificate is sent to an HSM to be signed. When it is returned it is used as part of a TLS connection. Once the connection is established, I need to authorize the user i.e. what actions they are permitted to perform agains... |
I've heard a lot about hackers gaining access to the network by trying default credentials on the router. Let's say an attacker somehow got the router IP of a victim. How would they even know what sort of router it is? Is it even possible to login into your router if you're not connecting to it from inside your network... |
To prevent fraud, we require the users to link their account to a mobile phone number. We send a code by SMS.
Fraudsters use hacked social networks to convince "friends" to send them the code they will receive.
Even if the message clearly say not to give this message to an other person, they still do:
Verification code... |
A website hosts private/personal information at a very long and unpredictable URI, yet access to this URI is completely unauthenticated. Are there any major security issues with this?
I can think of some straight away:
Search engines might index the information if the link ever appears anywhere on the web
It would be ... |
I have had recently gone through the horror of transferring WhatsApp conversations when changing phones (android for iPhone). Actually, the thing that it is close to impossible for everyday folk is a good thing for its security reputation - I suppose.
I suspect that the transfer, that I did with the help of a 3rd party... |
I have been recently working on a little DLL injection program in Go.
While the program works and I am able to successfully inject into a remote process, Windows permissions system still seems to elude me.
Namely, I cannot quite understand the purpose of adding SeDebugPrivilege to my current process token.
In theory, I... |
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