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If the same Facebook Messenger account is opened on my device and on another device, and my device's Messenger app is allowed access to photos, can my device's photos be viewed or hacked on the other device?
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If an nmap attacker started a port scan on my network, would changing my network IP address prevent/halt it?
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I have been looking at tips to securing Websocket Connections and found this article https://portswigger.net/web-security/websockets which states that one should "Hard code the URL of the WebSockets endpoint, and certainly don't incorporate user-controllable data into this URL."
Currently I have been taking a part of t... |
I am trying to become familiar with Snort, and for this reason, I have set three VMs. A Kali, a windows machine with XAMPP and Ubuntu where I installed Snort.
I believe I have Snort running in Afpacket Inline mode. Whenever Snort starts it says " Enabling inline operation-Running in IDS mode"
On the windows machine, th... |
I am trying to make a combinator attack using just one dictionary:
word1
word2
word3
word4
word5
...
And would like to try all 4-words-length permutations separated by commas:
word1,word2,word3,word4
word1,word3,word4,word2
word2,word3,word6,word1
...
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I would like to know which method is more secured. I know that they can be combined, but I would like to understand why TPM or OpenSSL might be a more secure technique to generate (encryption, decryption) keys
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From mozilla
Mixed passive/display content is content served over HTTP that is
included in an HTTPS webpage, but that cannot alter other portions of
the webpage. For example, an attacker could replace an image served
over HTTP with an inappropriate image or message to the user. The
attacker could also infer informatio... |
I am looking for a login security measure where it is keylog and screen capture proof. Is there some type of login security like a 2FA without the need of a second device, but remembering a pattern or a formula which is used to solve a dynamic puzzle that is given to the user on login?
Say I am shown 100 words during l... |
Is it possible to use the Gutmannr method for a single SQL cell?
|
Can anyone explain me what's this trend of providing passwords and OTP codes on the same service? What benefit or value are they trying to bring to the table?
We, as security professionals, have been fighting for the adoption of 2FA for a long time, and now that we are reaching a wider coverage, password managers are i... |
I've often heard people talking about not using the same password on every website. What's the deal if servers store passwords in a SHA hash instead of plain text? The most they can do is spam you with junk mail, right?
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Let's say Alice has three secrets: SecretA, SecretB, SecretC
Alice shows these three secrets to Bob and gets a single signature from him that signs all three secrets together. Something like
Signature = Sign(Hash(SecretA, SecretB, SecretC))
Of course some care needs to be taken here with the hash function to avoid sec... |
Consider an API that requires a JWT for authorisation. For each JWT presented, it has to validate the signature, including base64 decoding, hashing and asymmetric encryption, which is stated noted as being more computationally expensive than symmetric encryption.
Consider if an attacker creates thousands of unique JWT... |
I came across SoftHSM2 from OpenDNSSec(BSD license) which is a drop-in replacement for HSM except that SoftHSM2 only lacks physical security. Also, being the fact that PKCS#11 is the standard interface to work with both SoftHSM2 and HSM/TPM without any changes in code, it stands as a good choice to me. Thus, it would a... |
If multiple Strict-Transport-Security headers are set with different settings (e.g. different max-age values), how will the browser behave? Does the browser just follow one of them, or simply error out and discard all? Is this behaviour different across various browsers?
|
Sci-Hub is a piracy website that provides free access to usually-paywalled academic papers & books. Sci-Hub's owner Alexandra Elbakyan says that many people with legitimate access to the papers/books donate their user IDs and passwords, which she then uses to acquire the paywalled material.
Countering the owner's claim... |
I don't have much experience in buying and installing ssl certificates.
I have one website like certificates.xxxxx.com. So, my question is that can I buy a standard ssl certificate from GoDaddy to protect this one website.
xxxxx.com itself is a website which is protected by a website but I want to buy a separate for ce... |
I'm creating a mobile app which has chat feature in it. Since I wanted to make it secure, I'll do some encryption to messages and the data. I'm thinking of using End-To-End encryption for it but I've got some issues.
Each user will have private and public keys to encrypt and decrypt the data (asymmetric key encryption)... |
I'm checking some HTTP headers in the server response.
I get a 404 error page. Could in some scenario an attacker leverage a missing X-Frame-Options header in a 404 page?
|
I have a domain name under .money, which supports DNSSEC.
However, my registrar hasn't done DNSSEC with this TLD before and is asking me to supply the Key Tag, Algorithm Type, Digest Type and Digest -- and they will set them.
However, I am lost on how to obtain the right values from the TLD. Can I query them from the r... |
After my other post I'm looking over some other possibilities to do what I'm trying to do.
How To Recover End-To-End Encrypted Data After Losing Private Key?
If I save user data in server, in order to restore the data I should have the key to unlock the encryption which is not safe. If I don't have the key then I cant ... |
Many tools enable to list accepted ciphers but not all of them verify if these ciphers are secure.
For example, Nmap with script ssl-enum-ciphers ranks some ciphers as secure even though actually this ciphers are not recommended anymore (for example do not support PFS).
I often use https://ciphersuite.info/ to verify i... |
I am planning to create a system, but I still have some questions about security. I would like to know if it makes sense to block unauthorized users from accessing the system, through the ip, using a PHP script and also firewall rules by AWS EC2, would this be good practice to prevent unauthorized users from accessing ... |
Assuming secure code practices are all adhered to for both applications, is a thousand-tier/n-tier microservices application or a monolithic application more secure?
From a monitoring, visibility standpoint, etc. I am trying to understand which paradigm is a more secure paradigm.
|
We have a web application on https port with server certificate valid from 01/01/2021 and valid to 31/12/2021. Due to some constraints the clients which are going to use web application are behind current date, while the server is on current date time. There is no issue in production as server and client both are on th... |
I would like to know if I can use my SSL certificates that I use on my website (based on nodejs and express) for access to mysql database remotely, or if it is better to create new certificate.
My webserver has access to the database by localost, but I would like to access remotely to change data with phpmyadmin.
|
For a toy CLI application I'm writing, I'd like to store a string with an user defined command that will be executed periodically (like shell -c <command_string>).
I have seen other applications do this, for example in fzf you can set an environment variable with a command to be executed every time the application runs... |
I've been watching these videos on YouTube about some British-sounding male (with millions of views) busting Indian scammers.
It is never explained how exactly he is able to do this, with him basically implying that he's some sort of Hollywood "hacker".
Even assuming that what he does is technically illegal, and thus "... |
For SPA/frontend apps, you should be using PKCE these days for OAuth flow. But the backend apps have this additional complexity of having to have a secret key and use that key to talk to the token endpoint. Why not just use PKCE on the backend, too?
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I've been researching timeless timing attacks, ie: timing attacks using concurrency rather than round trip time. Here is an article by portswigger with links to the original article by Van Goethem. Basically it says that if you pack two requests into a TCP packet for HTTP/2 or Tor, then it will cancel out network jitte... |
Let's say I have a MySQL database with thousands of user accounts in it. These accounts contain lots of data, but for verification purposes, they each contain a username and a (hashed and salted) password. Now, when a user requests signing in, I will take a username and password from them, transfer it via WSS to a Node... |
in https://twitter.com/nnwakelam/status/1363761612423786496, its tweeted:
fucking yikes.. ran every bitcoin exchange for a really common shell and found....
Uname: Linux cloudimage 4.4.0-166-generic #195-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 1 09:36:25 UTC 2019 i686
User: 33 [ www-data ] Group: 33 [ www.data ]
7.0.33-0ubuntu0.16.04.16 ... |
This question is a bit of a follow on to this Q&A:
TLS 1.2 Handshake: Does the server have to take all extensions sent by the Client?
If the client sends an Extension that the server does not recognize, the server can simply ignore it and continue with a Server Hello -- the client is then free to terminate the session ... |
I have some sensitive data that I need to encrypt and retain long-term (i.e., 5+ years at least). I'd ideally like to secure it using multiple hardware devices via a Shamir share. Something like:
data_key = gen_symmetric()
encrypted_data = encrypt_and_mac(key=data_key, payload=data_to_encrypt)
s1, s2, s3 = shamir(k=2, ... |
I stumbled on a Windows bug leading to code execution. I believe it should be categorized as a vulnerability but Microsoft does not recognize it as such. I would like to read other opinions.
Functionality
The bug affects the context menu "Open PowerShell here" which is activated when a user SHIFT-right clicks on a fold... |
I would like to know if the non-exportable private key option, virtualized based security, selected when importing an RSA certificate guaranteed although the user will never be able to see the RSA private key (in clear)?
According to my tests, indeed the private key seems usable in the code but the access to the raw v... |
Is it possible that after I dump a SQL Database created with prepared statements as an ".sql" file, and then I import it again, that the import may be vulnerable to SQL Injections?
|
I want to use username and password instead of public key cryptography for a decentralized peer-to-peer application, but since the passwords are stored on users' computers, there is a possibility of being stolen. How do I store the passwords securely?
And how do I give permission safely? How can I prevent someone else ... |
There are two ways I can think of to format strings in Python where user input may make its way into the format string input:
>>> a = input()
>>> print(a % ())
>>> a = input()
>>> print(a.format())
I understand that in both of the above scenarios, it may be possible to leak secrets (https://security.stackexchange.com... |
I have few sensors, a microcontroller with a bluetooth module and an android app to visualize the data.
how can I make sure my system only connects to phones that activated bluetooth through the app?
Is there a specific method to achieve this?
My data is just a bunch of numbers. Should I use encryption? Is there any r... |
In the scenario of a hybrid encryption for which I use RSA (asymmetric) to encrypt the encryption key used with AES (symmetric) to encrypt my message, I need to store the encrypted key together with the cipher text and all in the same column of the DB in order to then be able to request this value pair and perform the ... |
I've seen conflicting opinions on whether or not setting a cipher order is recommended. testssl.sh prints a red warning when no cipher order is encountered, implying that a lack of cipher order is considered a deficit. It also makes intuitive sense that a server should begin by offering the strongest ciphers first, and... |
Basically I have a few files / folders that I want permanently deleted. I deleted them securely with hardwipe, but when I try to search into the folder where they were located with Wondershare Recoverit, the foldernames, filenames, even some parts the docs/txt's/images are still visible even partly recoverable.
I've tr... |
I'm planning to extend my pentest services to Password Cracking, to be more precise: Cracking Active Directory Passwords, extracted from the customers Active Directory in order to check users passwords.
Now I did some research, but there are so many different ideas and suggestions. Also, a lot of articles are many year... |
JWT tokens are self-contained. If a valid JWT token contains username and the token is valid, then the endpoint will think user is authenticated.
The token can be decoded and all fields seen.
What if I generate token on my side and fill it with data I saw, how will the system distinguish my token from it's own ones?
|
I'm reading the OWASP Authentication Cheat Sheet, but it obviously is focused only on web browser. I'm searching for something similar for a desktop app.
I want users to login to a desktop app. The password will be saved on system vault. So user don't login every day.
Each desktop app has an unique id used for login an... |
So I found a backdoor, multiple trojans and crypto miners in a client's PC. He is worried that his personal information has been compromised.
What happened:
During the installation of Kaspersky anti-virus, a user account control prompt appeared with "Kaspersky" on the name of it, but it was not from a verified publishe... |
It happens that I participate in a bug hunting program and analyzing the app I realized that there is a particular parameter that is very important for access control and that only changes with the IP address.
Anyway, the question here is if I can set a specific public IP address. I don't need to receive a response, ju... |
On a website which uses mORMot 1.18 every request made by an authenticated user is in this format:
../search_items?session_signature=0000004C000F6DD02E24541C as reported within the framework docs
Here is typical signature to access the root URL
root?session_signature=0000004C000F6BE365D8D454
In this case, 0000004C is ... |
I am trying to stop integer overflow vulnerabilities by creating a simple wrapper around malloc(3) and related functions. The idea is that it returns a NULL pointer if the amount of required memory is too large for the size_t argument (or zero). However my implementation does not seem to be satisfying our static anal... |
Somewhat of a privacy/security question here. I'm looking to get away from Google services, especially email, and I'm wondering if there's a reason not to use my real name in the email address. The enemy I'm think of is intrusive government surveillance.
If I use an encrypted email service, just going by the handle an... |
Email exchange is not a secure means of communication despite using SSL to connect to (all/most?) the email providers.
What I am not sure though, is what is a good way to send important information via email in a secure way if the recipient is not a tech person.
Would sending a link to Google Drive containing the infor... |
I need to pentest a Java application through webswing. webswing allows running a java application in a web browser but how to pentest this?
I didn't find any documentation about this actually. With my HTTP proxy (burp), I can see that webswing used websocket but all of the traffic is encrypted or it is just binary data... |
A number of vulnerabilities were fixed in Firefox in the latest update. MSFA2021-08 describes it only as "memory issues that may be exploitable", and doesn't give any information:
Mozilla developers Alexis Beingessner, Tyson Smith, Nika Layzell, and Mats Palmgren reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 85 and F... |
I am a data collection worker, and I usually have a large number of website resource collection tasks, how to hide my IP information when collecting. I do not want to be traced to my personal information by others. So how to do it?
|
If there is a widely accessible TOTP website (prototype: https://depperm.github.io/) that allows users to set a date and secret they can remember or a package that allows companies/developers to create their own domain/site specific tool, what possible security flaws are there beyond having information phished, key log... |
I´m pentesting a clients website and found a self XSS Vulnerability in the Login Page: in case of a login error the Error Page shows the Username, so if you input <script>alert("XSS")</script> as User, it shows the alert box.
However, it´s probably not that likely, that users do that by themselves. So I´m looking for a... |
I live in a country that is not fully authoritarian but is increasingly illiberal. State agencies have been caught misusing spyware to target activists and dissidents on multiple occasions. Given the kind of work I do, my threat model is that while it is unlikely that I would be targeted by a Pegasus-style targeted s... |
OSX El Capitan
I have an offline computer running an old OSX operating system.
I would like to connect that computer to the web for a brief few minutes in order to install HomeBrew and install a newer version of rsync. I will use the command line.
What can I do to reduce security risks while connecting?
Maybe block so... |
There are 2 sets of API each hosted in 2 different organisations: my client's organisation and her partner's organisation. The servers from the 2 organisations communicate between each other through the APIs hosted in each organisations.
The APIs are already using HTTPS protocol and authenticated using an API key. For ... |
This doing a Spring Boot application (Rest API, JPA, etc) uses (via Rest) from a website (Angular) and a mobile app (Android).
The user using the mobile app (in the future) will be able to authenticate via Facebook, Google, etc, and store in the database some information received from the social networks necessary for ... |
I'm following Microsoft's example here - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/app-service-web-configure-tls-mutual-auth#aspnet-sample
When validating the certificate, they check that the Issuer and Subject are both correct before checking the thumbprint. As someone with only a shallow knowledge of certifi... |
I execute the command
hydra -l ubnt -p ubnt 138.255.252.193 -t 4 ssh
I get the message it's successful
Hydra (http://www.thc.org/thc-hydra) starting at 2021-02-22 11:32:05
[DATA] max 1 task per 1 server, overall 1 task, 1 login try (l:1/p:1), ~1 try per task
[DATA] attacking ssh://138.255.252.193:22/
[22][ssh] host: ... |
I have been writing on some code that automatically puts together differently parameterized attacks of common pen testing tools, i.e. sqlmap, nmap, patator etc. These attacks are then launched against two or three targets. I wanted to capture the traffic to generate a malicious workload that I can later use it as a tra... |
If a server has LFI vulnerability, I usually try to find if ssh is open and after some research if I can't find any spilt credentials, I just bruteforce it or something.
Can I use a LFI vulnerability for something else useful to exploit the system other than looking at /etc/passwd which I usually do to find usernames.
|
As given here: Permanently delete a record it is not fully possible to remove data completely.
Then what do financial institutions do? Institutions that store authenticating delicate details? Even if those are encrypted and key deleted hard drive recovery services may recover the key. Also key may be stored in cache.
|
I want to know if the current visitor has already visited a specific site. The site is owned by someone else and is on a different domain.
Is there a way?
|
To preface this question, I use Signal messaging app for voice, video and text. I understand that the content of all these messages are encrypted and no-one but the sender and recipient can see/hear this content. I should also say that I live in a country (Australia) where it is very easy for any authorities to obtai... |
I am studying options to check traffic over multiple VLANs using a Snort cloud machine, since the normal Snort installation requires to get local network and local VLAN information. I thought to use physical machine though all offices (but this is not efficient). Is there a way to have a Snort app on Azure or AWS and h... |
I would like to verify that the input from the user complies to the format of email address (in Java application).
On the following page there is verbose regex that should properly validate the email http://emailregex.com/ (RFC 5322 Official Standard).
(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|... |
I'm doing a questionnaire for PCI compliance and one of the questions (Yes / No / Not Applicable) is as follows:
All custom application code changes are reviewed (either using manual
or automated processes) prior to release to production or customers in
order to identify any potential coding vulnerability as follows:
... |
What to do when someone's pc has been hit by a ransomware which has .lezp extension and how to decrypt the files that have been compromised
|
Consider the following scenario. A company has several computers for each users on the same domain. They purchase an RSA certificate from a recognized authority which will be deployed with private / public key on all workstations. So all the stations have the same certificate and therefore the same public and private k... |
I am having trouble understanding the concept of X509 encryption and its application to web service communication.
The situation is that I (client) would like to communicate with another party (server) securely. To do this, the client obtains an X509 certificate from a trusted third-party CA (certificate authority). In... |
When I join an organization or create a Gmail account, I am given an identity.
What does the organization do to create my identity? Does it just create new pair of public key and private key?
I tried to search the web for documents on the implementation, but couldn't find any.
Edit:
Example service: Microsoft Azure (Az... |
I have a friend who is something of a public figure within a small sphere. She has been an object of negative attention recently in this sphere and has noticed that her emails are suddenly all going directly into the Spam folders of all her recipients. This holds true even amongst recipients on different emails service... |
This occurred to me when looking at the security model wireguard is using. Instead of relying on users credentials and Radius authenticating central server each user has a private key used to authenticate VPN. This is modeled after SSH PKI.
But how does it work when users switch computers. In big organisation it is com... |
I'm testing for privilege escalations on a Ubuntu 18.04 host, and after running sudo -l , I've discovered a couple of root NOPASSWD commands for a standard user (w/unknown password). These commands contain wild cards.
Example: (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/ssh * /path/to/bash/script.sh
I've already attempted to inject root... |
Obviously a host can modify a virtual machine in any way and has full control over it, but in practice perhaps most viruses wouldn't have the complexity to search for virtual machines and modify them. Although simple keyloggers I assume would still remain a threat.
|
I am looking for some java applications (other than Manage Engine) vulnerable to Blind SQL Injection attacks for Authentication Bypass. I explored exploitdb and others but didn't find anything interesting.
Can anybody help me with some links of Java based applications vulnerable to Blind SQL injection attacks along wit... |
Recently I noticed that every few days, at (almost) the same time, one host is querying the Domain Controller for group members using SAMR calls. I am trying to understand why its happening continuously around the same time? is there a legitimate service that are automated to do so?
And how can I investigate that at th... |
How to exploit a program that has this line:
Process.Start(user_input + "calc.exe")
It's a .NET function and nothing has worked so far ("mal.exe &&", "mal.exe;", ...)
Any ideas?
|
I get quite a few emails from valid companies and organisations in my inbox. Unfortunately most of these emails are marketing-type emails which don't have any value for me. As a result I tend to unsubscribe these emails often. My question is this - When I click unsubscribe, are my details removed from the sender's data... |
I am using (have installed) this VPN on an Android Smart TV.
Does Windscribe (or generally any VPN service) keep traffic logs even when they are disconnected? (Disconnected here means when the 'power-button' like button in the VPN's app is switched off). Some do keep logs when the VPN is on (connected to a server) but ... |
I've been working on making an SSL server/client on C++ using Boost. To load the certificates, I use the following code for each side:
server.cpp
boost::asio::ssl::context ssl_context(boost::asio::ssl::context::tls);
ssl_context.use_certificate_chain_file("server.crt");
ssl_context.use_private_key_file("server.key", b... |
How can I trace the following MAC addresses and find out who they are or belong to:
68:B9:D3:73:00:2F
98:E2:34:05:BD:8E
When checking my router, these MAC addresses were in the drop-down menu.
|
Anyone in the WebAppSec world is familiar with CORS as a mechanism to specify policy for when javascript is allowed to make API calls to different domains. As WebAssembly ("Wasm" - a binary web language standardized in 2019; webassembly.org, wikipedia/WebAssembly) gains popularity, I'm curious if my CORS:Javascript kno... |
I'm currently scanning a network using OpenVAS / Greenbone Security Assistant installed on Kali Linux.
During the scan, multiple targets have crashed. This is obviously something I want to investigate. As I'm running the "Full and fast" scan profile, 65238 NVTs are being run against each host. Unfortunately, OpenVAS do... |
I am about to make a forensic image (using dc3dd from OSFClone) of two laptops and in this specific case I'd like to startup using an bootable USB stick with OSFClone and image the disk to an external disk. The laptops (HP ProBooks) in this case uses Bitlocker and has (according to the vendor specifications) an TPM 2.0... |
I have the following proxychains.conf
[...]
[ProxyList]
# add proxy here ...
# meanwile
# defaults set to "tor"
#socks4 127.0.0.1 9050
# <ip_prox_1>
http 10.10.10.100 3128
# the loopback interface of ip_prox_1
http 127.0.0.1 3128
# <ip_prox_2>
http 10.20.20.100 3128
[...]
Now I call proxychains and wget on ... |
Pretty straightforward question. Take the image here:
https://i.imgur.com/oEdf6Rl.png
Does it come with a checksum, which I can verify against after I have fully downloaded the file?
This question goes for any file downloaded, and in my particular case; I do not care if the file on their end has been corrupted, but rat... |
I am looking into M.2 docking stations such as the Maiwo K3016S as shown below.
Is it possible to use such docking stations optionally in combination with a USB- or software write-blocker, in order to make forensic images of (Bitlocker encrypted) M.2 disks? I assume that when Bitlocker software encryption is used it s... |
So far, I have reCAPTCHA setup in the "submit" button for my login form with v2 Invisible recAPTCHA. But, I have a feeling that the token that I retrieve from Google needs to be sent to my backend (along with my login data) so that the backend can validate it's a valid token before it logs me in. Is this correct?
(I as... |
I'm looking for the "best practice" to use in Certificate Pinning or an Alternative.
Scenario: I have a native mobile app and I have pinned the certificate so that the app can validate against my server.
Problem: The problem comes in 1 year when the certificate expires where I need to have all my app users update th... |
Guys I need to install jdk 8 for my programs to work better, many programs do not support the version higher than Java 8 so I want to install Java 8 to run better, I tried to install via apt-get, but I saw that it was removed from the Kali repository because very old. Can anyone help me how to install? When I run the c... |
Recently, there has been an absolute massive flood of scammers on YouTube videos related to Bitcoin. Their "trick" is to use the exact same username and profile picture as the person who uploaded the video, for example "MMCrypto", then making spammy comments/replies in the comments section, pretending to be the author ... |
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6637 defines ECDSA for OpenPGP and https://wiki.gnupg.org/ECC lists elliptic curve support in GnuPG since version 2.1
I have version 2.2.25 and it lists ECDSA as supported algorithm:
$ gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.25-unknown
libgcrypt 1.8.7
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation,... |
If it comes to the security a hashing or encryption algorithm provides, we never know the full story. There's that part that we (respectively the public research) understand and can reason about, but we also know that there might be weaknesses we do not know about and though we can't reason about things we don't know, ... |
If an email attachment such as .docx, jpeg, .xls, .pdf, etc. contains virus/malware and if I open it for preview (not opening it in Google Docs or downloading it and opening it) then can I get infected?
|
openssl command allows to create x509 certificates, and to add subjectDN using the -subj parameter.
The parameter accepts a string of slash-delimited values in the form of:
"/UPPERCASE_ABBREVIATED_KEY=VALUE/.../"
i.e.
"/C=IT/ST=Italy/L=Milan/O=myservice/CN=localhost"
I could not find a complete list of the allowed ke... |
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