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Veracode has found overpost or mass-assignment flaws (CWE 915) in our MVC portal. Technically, this is true, but I am wondering how much of an effort we would need to put into this, especially since we are already using antiforgery tokens, require SSL, and don't allow our pages to be shown in iframes from a different ...
I know about key derivation functions such as PBKDF2 which derive keys from passwords. That said, I am having hard time wrapping my mind around how AES-256 keys are generated using hardware random number generators. From Wikipedia: In computing, a hardware random number generator (HRNG) or true random number generator...
Through a chatbot I am developing, users will have the ability to ping servers. The command is .ping <IP/Domain> <other criteria> and this will be passed to python which will use subprocess.run(f'ping <aforementioned ip and criteria>'). This will then return the result over Teams. What security measures or message filt...
I am trying to complete a buffer overflow challenge. The code I am trying to exploit is below. I can only use the command line in a Linux environment. I understand that writing more than 100 characters into "userString" will start to overwrite "command". My guess is that I need to somehow overwrite command with "/bin/s...
Suppose this scenario: You are already inside a corporate network. Suppose to find out a RCE in a X service. The machine that hosts that service is behind a network-based firewall, ingress rules and IPS/IDS are not a problem. You don't need to reach the internet, just your machine inside the network, on the other part ...
Applications running on android devices below 10 are vulnerable to task hijacking. Even though the issue is fixed from android 11 and above, we cannot tell our customers to upgrade the android version in order to fix the issue. Some recommendations I found were to use taskaffinity="" and to use single instance activiti...
We are building a multitenancy web app with Laravel (+Blade), each user can create a store (tenancy), and have a control panel where they can edit the store settings and styling, to edit the store styling, we thought about letting the user opt to write his own css, html and js (for google analytics, pixel or anything e...
Assuming that you are not given any other choice than to implement digital handwritten signatures. That is, a signature pad (or even a computer mouse) is used to generate a digital signature which is stored as an image. The signature is part of an (authenticated) approval workflow. All users that are authenticated and ...
I am bewildered as to the below config and subsequent behaviour. /etc/ssh/sshd_config: AuthorizedPrincipalsFile /etc/ssh/principals /etc/ssh/principals: all host.example.com dev This allows me to login as ANY user using my cert which has one or more matching principals. What am I missing here? I see now it's meant to...
Is it possible to restrict access to the registry keys, just like Microsoft does on some of the keys(ex. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinDefend)? I was able to get a similar result by setting SYSTEM owner to the key, giving it full control, and deleting all other permissions. But users in the Ad...
X-Forwarded-For header can capture the IP of the client and use this IP to implement access control. However, the X-Forwarded-For header can be easily spoofed or manipulated. How to prevent this or is there a better alternative to capture IP addresses?
The majority of my cyber security background comes in the form of web application vulnerability testing, and whilst I do have a degree of prior experience in studying and performing application exploitations it has been several years since I last looked at the topic. Things have inevitably changed since then. I was abo...
I'm a rookie in the cipher world, and I'm setting up squid as an TLS proxy. in an example it uses: cipher=EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+RC4:EECDH:EDH+aRSA:!RC4:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!SHA1:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS tls-dh=prime...
I want to exploit this code vulnerability and get it to launch me into a shell with privilege access. I'm guessing I need to "push" bob from its current address to address 0x41414142 using the "gets" function. I can only use the command line in Linux. I cannot alter the program whatsoever. How can I achieve that? The s...
In various discussions of Security Architecture, I have read that HSMs can be configured with rate limiting on the number of encryptions/decryptions that can be performed in a given amount of time. If I understand correctly, the purpose of a rate limit would be to limit the damage that would come from a hacker that man...
Gmail started showing an unidentified label/folder ˆf_bisa. Doing a quick check, I see that this has only surfaced within the last couple of days: https://support.google.com/mail/thread/120772882/strange-label-keeps-appearing https://support.google.com/mail/thread/120824491/gmail-making-a-label-by-itself-how-to-stop h...
If I move a file within the same drive or partition, suppose from one folder to another, and then shred that file with a file shredder, would it still be recoverable? Is there still some trace of that file left in the previous location it was stored? Can it be recovered from that location?
I am trying to understand buffer overread in my course in school. This code is an example from one of the lectures where buffer overread can be a problem. However, I do not understand how buffer overread can occur in this code. In my knowledge, b is assigned char of length 4 (0 to 3) but the string is only of length 3 ...
I am new to SQLMAP, I have been practicing with the Altoro Mutual portal which is a vulnerable portal, just enter the code 'OR 1 = 1 - in one of its forms (Login) and we will obtain administrator access to the portal. Altoro M. Login sqlmap -u "https://demo.testfire.net/login.jsp" --data="uid=u&passw=p&btnSubmit=Login"...
Conventional wisdom to prevent CSRF is to use CSRF tokens, but with the new cookie attributes and prefixes, do you even need to generate/save tokens at all? I've had the thought that if I just set a cookie with a static value, I can simply test for its existence, since SameSite ensures it won't be sent on cross-site re...
I have a use case where I need a factory-reset tablet device to install and run a simple Progressive Web Application (PWA). The tablet will be mounted on a wall inside a company building that may host unaccompanied external visitors from time to time. The PWA needs to initiate a websocket connection with a single JSON ...
Using Squid's SSL Bump feature I can intercept (and inspect) all web traffic on my home network. Now, assuming that I can now see the plaintext communications to/from a client, that still may not do me any good because if I'm using a secure backup provider where my data is encrypted first before it is sent out, all I w...
I have a question about how Firefox protects Login information (Website passwords) on the one hand and Credit Card data on the other. I noticed that there are two different approaches to how Login passwords are protected and to how Credit Cards are protected. Logins can be protected with a primary password (formerly c...
Goal Authenticate the Client via HTTP Request. Authenticate the Client's WebSocket connection. Prevent exploitation of WebSocket connection(when a XSS Vulnerability is present on website). How I'm doing this Step 1 Client visits the website by making a regular HTTP request. Cookies are used to authenticate the Client...
I am doing portswigger labs with hydra https-post-form. I try to look for packets that don't have status code 200 OK, because when checked in burp my failed login with bad password and good username had status code 200 OK. └─$ hydra -l activestat -P ./password -T 9 -vvv -I ac311f351ebe430c80453e6300b10013.web-security...
I created my own anti-adblock system, that does something similar to services like BlockAdblock except mine goes about Adblocker detection in a different manner (and so far cannot be bypassed like ones such as BlockAdblock). If you go to my Anti-Adblocker's page and generate some example anti-adblock code you'll notice...
In sum, if I am able to add a custom header to a request, that allows the disabling of CSRF check, will the endpoint be vulnerable to CSRF Attack ? I'm bit lost.A custom header is such X-SKIP-CSRF: YES.
Whenever I open Firefox, it starts with the BING search engine. The default search enginge of Firefox was set to "MyFireSearch" which I changed to Google. I also have no extensions that change the default search machine. The OS is Windows 10. However, when I reboot, the default search enginge that pops up is still BING...
Correct me in my assumptions/understandings in any of the following. A common tool to reduce fingerprinting when on the internet is browser/user agent spoofing. Now, I've read you don't really want to be too random, or use browsers/versions that are too niche, because that may make you more unique and hence more identi...
I am trying to automate my recon process. For port scanning, I resolve subdomains to IPs then loop over those IPs with masscan. But is it worth it to port scan an asset that is hidden behind a web firewall? In other words, by doing this I'm scanning the WAF IPs. Is it a common thing that some subdomains are behind a WA...
I just setted my yubikey on Google so I can login into Google without any passwords. However, I don't even have to put a PIN on the yubikey, it simply works. I find this very very dangerous as anyone with my yubikey would be able to access my Google account. I've used yubikey for SSH login and I have to put the PIN. Wh...
There is a url abc.com/something vulnerable to open redirect to xyz.com (fixed) I am catching requests at xyz.com to see contents of requests coming to it. When I browse abc.com/something (being logged in to abc.com) from a browser, then the content that I catch at xyz.com doesn't have any session_cookie of abc.com. ...
When I work away from home (and home wifi) I use my phone's hotspot to connect my Macbook to the internet. However, it's always surprised me that I just have to click on the name of the hotspot to connect. It never asks for a password, not even the first time, and it also happens with different phones. The wifi list sh...
Question Would using a firewall MITM capability to inspect all HTTPS web requests be against PCI compliance/rules? Further Info We have an issue where we need to allow access to some HTTPS sites on hosts that are in the PCI zone. The option we're leaning towards is to load the firewall certificate as a trusted CA on th...
To use the free trial of Nessus, you need an email address to receive an activation key. There are two modes to activate a Nessus server: Online mode registration If the computer running Nessus server has internet, you can activate the software by entering the activation key. It will authorize the use only if the rig...
I was curious if anyone knew of a tool, website, or browser extension that will tell you if a site has deprecated libraries and if there are CVEs related to that. I currently have burpsuite pro and ZAP as a tool. However, I am really looking for something that can tell us if our site is using the updated libraries.
I often see it claimed on a website that they use banking or military grade encryption. As of 2021, what kind of encryption do the majority of (Western) banks and militaries currently use? Or in other words, what kind of encryption would a web or native app need to implement in order to be able to truthfully make this ...
Let's say there is a small organization called "Example" with the registered domain "example.com". There is a person, Bob, who has full control over the organization's GitHub account. Bob also manages the organization's AWS account. Bob also writes BAU code for this organization. In order to follow the modern security ...
I'm considering installing a Firefox add-on (browser extension) which requests the permission Access your data for all websites. This add-on is not on the list of Mozilla's "actively monitored" add-ons. Since it's reasonable for this particular add-on to require that permission in order to do its job, I'm okay with thi...
Currently, I'm learning IS and training on THM, so I use build-in VirtualBox (that might be important). I met this problem with broken coding in Burp Suite. How can I fix that? May be someone has already had such problem
Just for kicks, I recently entered my email in HaveIBeenPwned, figuring that there have been enough data breaches in enough places over the years that it would probably turn up something just by the law of averages. And I saw something very strange: it reported my email address had been found in a data breach on a sit...
Recently I was having a discussion with a team which uses a separate certificate for each different backend service that it interacts with. The backend services do client auth as well so that is what the certificates are used for. I get that it reduces the blast radius when your certificate is leaked. But it also comes...
Is it possible leak ssh password while using vpn ? I mean not ssh key but password! Is it secure to connect via ssh(with plain password) while using vpn (like protonVPN or NordVPN). Thanks.
I thought of an approach to password generation that I haven't heard of anyone else using. It almost seems too good to be true so I wonder what the downsides are. I'm well aware that you shouldn't "roll your own" and that even if a specific flaw isn't found initially, flaws may nonetheless exist. To generate a password...
First of all, I am new to vulnerability scanning and don't have an experience working with any tooling outside of container specific. So, I don't know if it is a normal behavior for scanners. Please correct me if I am wrong, but the following seems like an issue to me: I downloaded the base image for envoy proxy from ...
Some are standard user space dll’s and another one is actually a windows driver. The libraries alone are not dangerous and are pure utilities but they can be used by bad guys, like most software tools. I was advised to sign the driver with my own certificate, but would that not only hurt my own certificates reputation ...
I was wondering if having an "oversubscription" of "Key usage fields" inside a X509v3 certificate can negatively impact the performance and/or the security of a server. For example I have a CSR which requests: Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment However I got a certificate with the above mentioned exte...
In a recent PT assignment, I overcame that a CSP policy where the object-src be set to self. When validated against Google CSP Evaluator, it reported that it the object-src can be set to none instead of self. Would like to ask for scenarios where the object-src tag can be abused when it is set to self, as I am unable t...
I've been using WhatsApp as well as my current phone number for at least eight years now. As of now, everything went pretty smooth. That's why the message four days ago, 13rd of August 2021, struck me: "You've been banned from using WhatsApp". I researched into the problem and contacted the WhatsApp support explaining ...
I have a user table with 20 columns. I am using argon2id to hash passwords but I was asked by the information security department to encrypt user data before saving it to the database. I have questions about this request. Do I really need to do that? I have never seen that in practice. Doing it will also have some cost...
Through ZAP, I was able to capture the following from a Change Password form: GET /rest/user/change-password?current=P@ssword&new=password123 &repeat=password123 HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:3000 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0 Accept: application/json, text/plain, */* .... ...
I live in an apartment building that provides cable internet via an ethernet cable that reaches my place. I connect this cable to my WAN port and distribute it internally via wifi through my password-protected router. Can computers on this WAN, in a regular network workflow (that is, without using any exploit) connect ...
I am working on an IoT device and companion app to control features on the device. I'm using an ESP32 MCU - http://esp32.net/ I've implemented a JSON REST API on HTTPS over TLS 1.2 with a self signed SSL cert from an RSA 2048 key both generated on the ESP32 device. I would like to secure the API against unauthenticated...
I just recently discovered JWT to secure my live stream and have done successful token on server and player but I think it still can be stolen. How I can use it to only have the domains I choose to be able to access the stream? This is what I have on my JWT: { "alg": "HS256", "typ": "JWT" } { “streamid”: “myStream...
Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) encrypts the whole Client hello and because of that ISPs won't know which website any given user intends to visit unless the website is using a dedicated IP address and the ISP have already associated the IP address with the given websites. Nowadays because of IPv4 addresses shortage and sh...
Please explain how this recent Cockpit CMS exploit works, specifically using the $func operator of the MongoLite library, in more detail. How does it exactly make the PHP code behave? As I understand it, the PHP code uses MongoLite to connect to MongoDB, and the vulnerability is the PHP code allowing an array to be pro...
Given the following situation: User makes a request for temporary access to a video Backend responds with a json file containing timeAllowedInSeconds: 5 Backend also responds with the signature of the json, a 40-character hexadecimal string User sends back both json and signature Permission is granted If the signatur...
I'm preparing for a computer security exam, and I found this question in previous exams To create an authentication program, we write a check_auth function as follows: int check_auth(char *password) { int auth_flag = 0; size_t n = 0; n = strlen(password); char pass[n+1]; strcpy(pass, password); ...
Gihub removed password authentication: remote: Please see https://github.blog/2020-12-15-token-authentication-requirements-for-git-operations/ for more information. fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/.../.....git/': The requested URL returned error: 403 So how are we practically supposed to use tokens? I for ...
I have some static content HTML in a cloud storage space/ CDN. How can I serve this only to authenticated users? I am planning to use these static content on edx platforms. How can I securely deliver my static content within OpenEdx. Is there anyway to allow request only from my edx server? Also is there any other w...
In order to generate and store my passwords, I decided to use a tabula recta as described in this article. So I coded a simple C program to create such a table, I wanted to know if it contained a security hole that could be exploited. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char...
Data destruction via drive formatting, file modification, and file deletion is a critical element of an organization's ability to rapidly recover from a breach. Perhaps the attacker's signature can be detected and prevented from executing again on the org's hosts, but if the data is corrupted, rapid recovery (which can...
I am teaching Anonymous Networks in a Cybersecurity class. I am understanding (what I think) is a good deal about the process TORproject uses for its network by using this as a guide. https://skerritt.blog/how-does-tor-really-work/ My model of the process is that as an 'onion' travels down the circuit, the number of sc...
Our SIEM has a Sigma rule that alerts when svchost is launched without any arguments. The logs are from a domain controller which unfortunately I don't have access to to verify. I will be reaching out to our system admin, but can anyone think of why a Windows domain controller would launch svchost without any argumen...
Recently I got into an exchange with someone on social media about the security of Linux versus OSX and Windows. I stated that it is possible (and probable) that someone could code a low level back door ( or whatever pesky malware they desire), and put it into the open source Linux code they downloaded, as well as add...
We have an issue with ModSecurity rule 932150 being triggered when someone searches a site for "ruby red", because (I presume) the rule thinks it's blocking potential Ruby on Rails code. I found this: "The Remote Command Execution Rule with the rule id 932150 is triggered by a Unix command followed by a white space. T...
I am new to SSL/TLS, and need some help with understanding. I am running a java application, which is able to consume HTTP and HTTPS URLs as a client from the internet via httpClient. For that, I don't need to add any certificate or keys and do not have to generate anything. Now imagine the client would need a certific...
Let's suppose on my computer was a connection to a smb network share, set to reconnect automatically on startup. Now one of the following things happens: The computer is booted up in another network An attacker has infiltrated my network What prevents an attacker from posing as my file server to steal my credentials,...
I'm testing an android application on a virtual machine running android x86 (android_x86_64-userdebug 9 PI eng.lh.20200325.112926 test-keys). In its current configuration, it does not trust user SSL certificates, and thus I cannot proxy the application traffic through a Burp proxy on the same network. (Visiting https:/...
Looking for best practice advice regarding lab environment authentication. We have a lab to evaluate and perform regression testing of third-party applications and hardware. No proprietary information should be used in testing. The lab environment is segmented from the production LANs (L3) and doesn't currently have it...
I have several Web APIs that are used by the UI, for these APIs I have several validations that prevent users from adding invalid data. On the other hand, I have some APIs that are not used by any UI, these APIs are called from another code. For example, one of the APIs is storing a date and string in a table. I don't ...
Trying to understand this from a high level conceptually. It is obvious from all information on Asymmetric encryption that a public key can be of course, public and there isn't a danger of interception. So I'm faced with a point in my software of a key-exchange over server database. An admin user would put out their pu...
I've worked on places where the admins have disabled desktop personalization on Windows for settings like: changing desktop background and lock screen images local themes - no high contrast for example fonts What are the risks of these settings?
The recent saga of big techs gaining access to user photos, voice chats or listening to people's conversation (Google Home and Amazon Echo) has made people nervous about privacy. However, the importance of the accessibility of the data from anywhere and whenever the user wants can also be not underestimated. My questio...
We provide web redirection based integration with our partners' web apps. The flow is something like the following, and the password is generated randomly and shared with them during the onboarding process and before any interaction can take place and does not change often.: Partner exposes web application to end user...
We are using a Samba configuration on our RedHat (RHEL7.9) systems, where SMB authentication is based on an NTLM password hash, which is basically a clear-text credential for a challenge-response authentication that is stored in a separate attribute, sambaNTPassword, in the LDAP (Oracle Unified Directory) directory dat...
I found a list of common passwords (i.e. "123456", "password", etc.) online. Is there a public / open-source set of common passwords where a password policy was in use? Example of a commonly implemented password policy: At least 8 characters long At least 1 upper case letter At least 1 lower case letter At least 1 spe...
What can VPN providers see without hacking when I access an email site (ex. mail.yahoo.com) with HTTPS via their service? Can they see only not critical data like source and destination IP's, timestamp etc. or can they see more detailed information like my email address which I access on this page?
If an attacker succeeds in getting the password of an IT support privileged account (that has Domain Control rights), can he successfully carry out the attack and do the lateral movement needed between the Domain Controllers and/or users?
(This question bugs me because I am not willing to upgrade for Windows 10) If we are talking about a device (i.e. a PC) in the following scenario: The device is located behind a router that is up-to-date and all inbound ports are closed There are no other malicious devices in your home network No one else but you has ...
Software development environments seem to benefit when problems can be solved "higher up the chain". For example, many web platform features that are now natively supported in both JavaScript and CSS used to require much labor and expertise from developers to implement, but are now as simple as adding a new HTML attrib...
I have ClamAV/engine pretty widely deployed on most of my Linux/UNIX/POSIX & other boxes - including gateways & at-rest storage, but I've found the ClamAV definitions... lacking... sometimes. I've found 3rd-party AV definition signatures (MS, Symantec/Broadcom, Kasperski, Sophos, etc) that I'd like to use, but not quit...
I am building a golang offline application for a company that will operate in their office internal Wireless / Wired Network. There will be one server computer and many client computers communicating over the network. (They are not connected to the Internet). How should I encrypt the HTTP communication between the clie...
There are many talks about why someone should not use WPS because of the attacks it allows. But does it also prevent attacks? For example, if guests want to join my network instead of giving these people my password, which is personal or they might memorize it? Is there list of things WPS actually good for?
I have a site that I would like to remotely monitor purely for the uptime status of my home network. I don't want to expose my router sign-on page to the internet, so instead, I point to the login page of one of my security cameras. The external uptime robot monitors the site and makes an HTTPS connection attempt, and...
I am currently working on a bug bounty program and in one subdomain of my target there is a Blind SQL flaw in a cookie. The back-end is MSSQL/ASP.net however, since cookies are separated by semicolons ";" I can't find a way to try stacked queries. I know the database instance is running as "sysadmin" user, so stacked q...
I found a stored xss vulnerability on a comment section of a fun site and I wanted to steal cookies using xss attack. So on my remote server I run an HTTP server with Flask using python where there is a script to steal the document.cookie and add it to my cookies.txt. At the end of the script, I included return redirec...
When the client is logging in, I send an xhr request to the server. However the request looks like this: localhost:80/api/login-ajax/&username=johndoe&password=123456 This is insecure for obvious reasons. To secure this, I did the following: I have the client request a salt (a string) from the server it sends the user...
In many countries, for example, Russia where I live, you need to show an ID to obtain a SIM card. Often this is used by law enforcement to track people. Sometimes corrupt officers sell people's location data for couple hundred bucks (imagine stalking opportunities). I want to carry a temporary SIM card and receive call...
How do you assess the trustworthiness of a new website? Especially to download and then install software from. Edit: My underlying concern is to: Trust the website. Trust the website to not inject installer trash into/over the top of the installer. CNET and Download.com did this for a while with custom installers w...
I recently bought a replacement display for my smartphone on ebay from a national supplier. I later realized that it does not have the Huawei logo printed on it, but it is working fine. There were many displays available and I noticed that most of them did not have the logo printed on them, but one or two. Is there a s...
I have certificate pinning implemented in my iOS and Android apps. But when apps were pen-tested, we got the report from the pentester saying SSL implementation is weak in both the apps and can be easily bypassed using an SSL by-pass tool. For iOS it was revealed that the SSL by pass tool was the notorious SSL Kill Swi...
I am wondering what the general steps are in retrospect for trying to find out how one ends up being hacked. A couple of times I have had Linux servers that ended up being hacked. I noticed this in various ways. Last time just simply by seeing the CPU being stuck at 100% and then slowly backtracking from that executabl...
I'm building a website where users, among other things, can add embeds (YouTube, Google Forms, Airtable...) and show those embeds to other people. Embeds are snippets of HTML that can include <script> and <iframe>-tags. It is important that the embedded content can't take over the parent page or make requests with the ...
I frequently have very personal files temporarily on my virtual desktop. I sometimes download a new program, which is going into a VM. Before sending it in there, I tend to VirusTotal scan it. I load my VirusTotal bookmark in my browser (Pale Moon) click the "upload file" button, it defaults to the "desktop" view of fi...
Under this FAQ it says that using policy=none is a way for domain owners to monitor forged emails, without having to set up SPF/DKIM. But what im wondering, because i dont fully understand what SPF/DKIM itself does, is: What is the point of having SPF/DKIM set up, but not having a policy defined for DMARC? When i check...
I use Windows 10, and I've configured my network to use Quad9 in Windows settings. I've also enabled DoH. Now, when I go to ExpressVPN DNS Leak Test webpage to know whether I have DNS leaks or not, it indicates that DNS requests exposed! How do I prevent my DNS being exposed (leaked)? For some reasons, I cannot use V...
I noticed that 7zip provides an option to encrypt the contents of a folder using AES256 (Screenshot Below) and so does GPG using this command: gpgtar --output <Name_Of_The_Output_File> -v --encrypt --symmetric --gpg-args "--cipher-algo AES256" <directory_to_encrypt> Is there any difference between the two implementati...
It has been brought up in the past that package managers such as pip are vulnerable to man in the middle attacks (see https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/17rfh7/warning_dont_use_pip_in_an_untrusted_network_a/). This is due to all packages being downloaded through HTTP rather than HTTPS. To the best of my knowledge...
My question is, how can i completely restrict Steam's processes and modules to only have access to what they suppose to, and not be able to do anything malicious, for example running bin/sh or accessing files that it shouldn't? Basically, even if steam has a zero day exploit and an attacker can get code execution in my...