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A few days ago I had to make a phone call and on the other end of the line was some machine using some voice recognition software to validate the customers spoken answers to the service menu. I asked myself if it would be possible to fuzz this kind of input with some kind of random generated noise files or such? In the...
Lets assume the product is pure software or a blend of software and cheap commodity hardware. Is there any work showing what the average industry spending is on just the security aspects as a percentage of the total product development costs? I do see this post but that only talks about estimating absolute $ figures f...
This is a bit of a vague question, but it seems relevant these days with the information on all those "mass spying" programs getting leaked. I will describe the scenario and I just want to know if it is possible under current laws (specifically, US laws but I would be interested in laws of other countries also), and if...
Ok so consider the scenario in which you have two projects, one is a RESTful API, and the other is a public facing website. The API uses cookie/token based authentication, and contains all of the logic of your application. The website is built using a client-side MV* technology, what it can and cannot do is based on th...
If I have a Bring Your Own Device policy, how can I track whose device belongs to each IP address? Do I need to collect information on all devices that use the WiFi system?
I am little confused about this matter. By simply writing a JavaScript code we can go through our browser history and identify visited links. It is fine. But how an attacker use this to identify a victim's history. Essentially, the code should have to be executed on the victim's browser. I know that there are XSS attac...
What are the pros and cons of using xinetd for a web server running on a VPS. Assume the following measures have already been taken to secure the system: system hardening, latest updates, minimal packages strick iptables firewall controlled/limited use of admin privileges properly configured services hardened web appl...
My Drupal 7.28 site has been hacked through the the tmp dir which was not protected by .htaccess file. The hacker managed to delete the main .htaccess file and upload some bogus google docs 2014 directory with php files to the site. After some work I managed to fix the site by getting rid of the offending php files and...
My understanding of SElinux context public_content_t is as public_content_t is required for files shared via a FTP server unless associated with a user home directory Here is my question Does user include FTP anonymous user ftp? If I have created a file owned by ftp:ftp and save it to /var/ftp/pub does it mean it is a...
We are running a Portal application for our client with Payment Gateway integrated. Payment gateway uses SSL as it is suppose to be . The concern for me is that our Portal application does not use HTTPS leaving it susceptible to MITM attacks but since the payment gateway uses SSL , are we still open to MITM attacks? W...
I read this: Reveal the True IP of a User I am using Hola Unblocker to hide my IP address. This appears to work when I go to netflix as the site treats me as a US resident (which I am not). This however does not work when I go to: https://www.crashplanpro.com/business/signup.html They seem to be able to figure I'm not ...
One of our co-workers followed a phishing link and entered their Google for Business account credentials. We have reset their password, is there anything else we need to do? (We also used this as a reminder for everyone to enable two factor authentication.) The mail was also sent in their name to our staff mailing list...
Just curious how this one works in practice and if it's as much of a risk as has been made out? It says you actively require a MiTM scenario, which is understandable, but then what are the steps to actually downgrade the cipher spec? As a MiTM, if you try and alter the messages between client/server (ie to downgrade t...
I was wondering how could my computer that uses a spoofed MAC address be sending probe requests for APs that I was never connected to? Note:- The other computer with the original MAC address was shut down.
I have a page on my website like this : domain.com?img=test.jpeg And on the page, the javascript written is: var imgPath = getQuerystring('img'); $("#img").attr('src','/Images/' + imgPath); I was wondering if someone can manipulate the querystring to do something mailicious. Since the javascript is always appending th...
I just learn about tabnabbing. Tabnabbing is a computer exploit and phishing attack, which persuades users to submit their login details and passwords to popular websites by impersonating those sites and convincing the user that the site is genuine. [...] The exploit employs scripts to rewrite a page of averag...
I am considering putting a forward a proposal to use a password database/manager instead of a flat (PGP) encrypted file for managed passwords for our team to access. I would like to hear some suggestions for the pros and cons of doing this. I am personally for using a password database due to the extra user processes i...
I want to digitally sign all outbound data from my computer. Can someone suggest a way to do this programatically or using some tool? Instead of actually signing the data, I would simply append a small random string at the end. (It's the same thing as long as website doesn't care about signatures. Unless I am wrong.) ...
The PKI RFC talks about revoking or suspending certificates. It also talks about revoking CA certs. However, I could not find anything about whether a CA or a Sub CA's certificates can be revoked or not in the RFC. What is common practice. If a CA feels that a subCA is compromised, they may want to suspend the certif...
I am looking at implementing an authentication module using OAuth 2.0 Client and I am trying to avoid having any server state. I was going thorough a few other questions when to use nonce? Is it possible to have stateless server nonces in HTTP Digest It seems like implementing a nonce requires storing something on ...
I have retrieved some old pictures/videos (mp4, many types of avi) of some old events that I want to keep, the problem is that these files have been sitting in confirmed infected machine for a very long time, and noone ever bothered to check what type of malware it was they just backed up and nuked it. My question now ...
As far as I know - and please correct me if I'm wrong - Cain does not support WiFi cards. So if an attacker wants to perform ARP poisoning without being connected through Ethernet to the (router\switch) s\he must use an Aircrack adapter. My question is, if the attacker somehow managed to plug his laptop to the router\s...
Can my computer be hacked through my WiFi connection? If so, how can I detect this? And what can they access or see? Emails, etc? Please respond in layman's terms, as I am not a computer pro.
EFF's Survelliance Self-Defense (SSD) project has an illustration of how email over SMTP goes through intermediate mail exchange servers: AFAIK each intermediate servers is expected to add its own Received: header to the email so at least the transit is traceable. I'm not sure how easy is to circumvent this. There see...
Assuming your code-signing tool is secure (e.g., does not suffer from buffer overflow exploits and the like), is there any reason to be concerned if a time-stamping service is not running over SSL? Obviously, a MITM attack could do slightly annoying things (e.g., provide a bad certificate), but SSL doesn't protect you ...
I did check out the previous postings and didnt find what I was looking for- apologies if this is a repetition. I am working on an analytics engagement for a customer and he needs to share access to his customer sales transactions for me to do my work. The idea was to create a encryption routine whereby details such as...
the title said it. Is it possible to detect IDS name and version. If server use Snort as IDS, would I be able to detect it from external PC? And if it's possible how?
After having been a regular code monkey in the US for 6 years now with readily offshoreable skills, I feel like I am fighting an uphill battle against third world wages. While I am not prepared for a drastic career change that will be completely incompatible with my Computer Science background, I was wondering if inves...
When you're using tor can't the third parties copy all the data that's going back to your device and decrypt it later, let's say I downloaded some doc files, the data has to come back to your device through your isp servers right. If your government wants your isp to keep copies of all the data packets to be reviewed l...
Taken from Wikipedia, here is the pretext to my question: A certificate authority (CA) is an organization that stores public keys and their owners and every party in a communication trusts this organization (and knows its public key). When the user's web browser receives the public key from www.bank.example it a...
After reading about writing a secure shuffle algorithm, I realized that my module that generates a password is only as strong as my PRNG, which in this case is Math.random(). I'm confused as to how to replace Math.random() using SJCL's PRNG. What exactly should I be concerned about when generating a secure random value...
http://XXX/?subscribe_message=%3Cscript%3Ealert(/zzz/);%3C/script%3E Why doesn't that popup with a /zzz/ alert? When I do javascript:alert(/zzz/); in the address bar it does so why not when I do it via the URL? A look at the source code makes me think it /should/ work...
I'm writing a project to securely store and share passwords between users, I've been doing tons of research into encryption algorithms, CSPRNGs, hashing algorithms, key stretching etc... I just want to layout my thinking as to how to use all of these, to create the secure application - and hopefully someone(s) can poin...
How does the 6 digit randomly generated security code from (disconnected) Verisign Identity Protection card help in verification/validation of any user? Why one cannot enter any random 6 digit value instead of generating that value from VIP card/device? Is there any fixed pattern of getting those values from that V...
I have a domain with a wildcard SSL certificate (i.e. "*.example.com"). I also develop using WAMP setups, which I would like to be able to test HTTPS on. There are several tutorials on how to setup a self-signed certificate on a WAMP, but since I already have a wildcard certificate for my domain, I thought I might as w...
Currently I have an "Antivirus" and Anti Malware software installed. In addition I closed all remote assistance and unused port rules on my firewall. I'd really like to get a complete as possible solution/guide. I wanted to know if there is a guide on further securing my machine. Do you have any suggestions? (IDS? Fi...
I have an openssh encrypted private key. I don't remember the pass-phrase. I may be able to suggest words or patterns that may be in the phrase. I am looking for software that will help me recover the key. I am thinking of a tool that can generate a stream of pass-phrases, based on my hints, a dictionary and some rando...
I am involved in project where I have to install a new server for a new application to a preexisting production network. The new server shall sit in the DMZ and two controllers will sit on the production network. The network has one firewall with an extra module for the DMZ. The server application requires many ports ...
I'm going to rephrase a question I asked earlier, as I don't think anyone understood what I meant. Basically, I'm writing a web based password locker, which can handle multiple accounts; users can share passwords (useful if you're in a website company and need to share login details to, for example, 1&1 or Fasthosts). ...
Some attacks on web browsers consist simply of advertising, so the default homepage of the browser is changed (which is just a small aspect of browser-hijacking). My question: is installing (malicious) add-ons (via drive-by download attack) the only way to modifiy the browser's homepage?
How can I use a TPM chip along with the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module without modifying OpenSSL FIPS Object Module (to avoid Private Label certification)? Should we add an engine interface in OpenSSL module as well in OpenSSL FIPS Object Module?
The title is really bad, but I was able to find better. I have installed Debian on VMware, and set iptables to block any traffic except port 80 (inbound and outbound). When I run a nmap scan it shows that this port is filtered. Should it be this why or not?
I have run a port scan against a Thomson 789vn router and have noticed to my surprise that its HTTP as well as telnet and FTP ports are open. How can one turn off telnet (also FTP) using the router's management interface? Is there a good reason that speaks against doing that? The product is by now several years old and...
I am currently investigating the architecture of the secure, but user friendly service, which combines storing of sensitive private data together with simple authorization procedure. The approach is perfectly described in the answer on this question. However it assumes that user enters a password during authorization...
Some attacks on web browsers consist in installing new toolbars on the browser of the user (which is just a small aspect of browser-hijacking. My question: is installing (malicious) add-ons (via drive-by download attack) the only way to add new toolbars to browsers such as firefox, internet explorer and google chrome ?...
I heard that some credit cards are vulnerable to RFID scanning and thus identity theft. I am concerned about my cards and I would like to learn which cards are vulnerable to such abuse? Are any of these vulnerable too: personal id cards, driving licenses, etc? I see that these might vary in different countries so how d...
I'm having a huge problem with my website due to a weird spike on hits. Today, i'm getting several hundred hits. Normally, i get a lot less, and they are from me country. Today's hits are from every country on the map. They are all direct hits (no referral) and they hit my main page. Most of them stay for 0 seconds and...
I am needing to run scans from one computer/laptop/device to another computer in a protected system. I am worried that plugging in my scanning computer to the protected computer might cause some risk in that a virus may be transferred. To reduce the risk I wish to use incompatible architectures, specifically I wish t...
I am running a webpage for my family with a feature to track users and guests. Since its all just family stuff no one ever visits this server, and I hardly see more than 2-3 of us logged on at the same time. I did however notice today that I suddenly had 16 guests browsing the site, and when checking the logs they were...
I've been playing around with virtual operating systems for some time and began wondering: would it be possible to set up a virus laboratory in a virtual machine? If not, are there other ways that do not require me to go out and get an additional computer?
About 6 days ago my parents who aren't great with PCs got phished on gmail, and the account started spreading spam. It had been hacked on an Argentinian IP, and then logged in from IMAP and SMTP from the UK. At the moment it was logged in from the UK, it sent spam out on the gmail contacts briefly. We changed the passw...
Please note that I am new to BitLocker but I was able to set it up on my C drive. After doing this, I breifly searched on the web for ways around BitLocker and came up with two articles, Passware Hard Disk Decryption and This $299 tool is reportedly capable of decrypting BitLocker ... disks in real-time. How can I prev...
Are there any protocols equivalent to TLS that are widely used, or the TLS is the most, worldwide used protocol to secure almost all the traffic available in the network?
Does any one have references or sources on how to approach developing a web application in which the content is encrypted and unreadable for the developers or company owners; I'm referring to content such as legal docs, in which there is a need to keep information confidential for third parties. The protected data shou...
I'm wondering how secure is to blur face in my photos? Is there any way to re-focus, or re-blur blurred object?
So I have read up and have a decent understanding of how the crypto works with Elliptic Curve Cryptography. I also think I have an understanding of how signing works with things like Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). The certificate and private key on my web server are both 2048 bit RSA keys. Can I...
How could someone change the root password without changing chage -l root Last password change date? I know it was changed because it does not match the value in Keepass. I noticed when I tried to use su from a non-root account. My private key still worked. I updated many packages too if that matters (I had to restart ...
I'm well aware in the concept of binary malware but I don't fully understand the idea of a script-based (or shell script) malware. I am more interested in the difference especially in how script-based malwares are multi-platform and can work across architectures, as opposed to normal binary malwares.
Not sure how long this link will be up, but this is the page where users get redirected after trying to read a fake news post in someone timeline. [WARNING: ACCESS IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT] http://yt-news.info/s/?id=qlktvqt46220jr8q6 Here's the link bait as a news on facebook https://facebook.com/290091591171980 W...
I am new to the field of crash analysis. I recently, by accident, happened to crash Google Chrome. I do not know the reason as to why the crash really happened. I'd like to know it in depth though. When the crash happened, there was a Crash report that was generated. I have saved that report in a text file on my syste...
The Wiretap Report 2013, http://www.uscourts.gov/Statistics/WiretapReports/wiretap-report-2013.aspx#sa5 states that the number of state wiretaps in which encryption was encountered went up from 15 taps (2012) to 51 taps (2013). It also mentions that in just 9 of the 2013-cases officials were unable to decipher the plai...
My lecturer said that since hard disk space is so cheap these days, most organisations do not delete the data on the disk. Rather, they only logically delete it (remove the link to the data). If this is the case, would it also mean that organisations like Facebook still have the data of users who delete their pictures,...
I would like to know if there is a way to securely erase USB flash drives without a chance to recover data from it once it has been erased. I know, that programms like DBAN can be used to securely erase HDDs, but as they work different from flash based drives, I am not sure if I can use DBAN to securely erase my USB dr...
Note: this is not the same as What is a self-contained cross-platform encryption for USB drive?. I believe my question is on topic because I'm not asking for a recommendation. I'm asking if such a product exists. I'm not asking for a subjective comparison of products. A correct answer could be as short as "yes" or "no...
Could clicking on an e-mail attachment (a Microsoft Excel file) from a trusted source (work colleague) have installed a tracking virus that would have allowed the sender to obtain browsing history from my computer? I realise this will raise issues of what I was looking at online and why I feel this may have happened to...
I have setup a test website in order to play around setting up SSL. The website is setup on a Windows host with Apache 2.2.20 with OpenSSL 0.9.8r, MySQL 5.5.37, PHP 5.3.28. The URL to the home page of the website is http://example.com/index.php. Once you get to the index.php page, you are instantly redirected to htt...
I've been inspired by the answer to the question here: Location to store an encryption key It gave me a lot to think about. My friend and I are building a website and we've encountered a problem in which every user will have the ability to upload digital content (files) and sell it to other people. The people who purch...
Is it possible to sniff a network (WLAN) and find out what operating system are installed on network clients (PCs/Phones etc)? I am using Ubuntu.
I need to simplify (at the cost of security features) an SMIME deployment. How can I generate a CSR that reuses the same public and private key for more than one email address? In other words, I have N email addresses, and want to generate N CSRs (and resulting certificates); however the crypto will be the same. (publi...
I just read a very interesting article in Popular Science about repo trucks and their new auto-scanning license plate cameras. The cameras are mounted on all four corners of their trucks, as as they drive around they automatically scan any license plate number that comes into vision and compares it with an online data...
Basically, I'm trying to let the user use a private key without having read access to it. Use case: Employee needs to SSH to a server in the data center. There is 1 private key for all servers, stored on the bastion. How can the employee use the bastion as a jump box while still protecting the private key? Employee co...
I can't seem to find the answer to this question. I read that botnet bots are used as email relays (they have smtp servers installed). Wikipedia on Open mail relay: "(...)Internet initiatives to close open relays have ultimately missed their intended purpose because spammers have created distributed botnets of zo...
So when you connect to tor it gives you a specific IP right, who's IP is this exactly? And when you visit an open website who's IP is visible to the site, mine or the exit node. And while you're connected to end to end untrusted hidden service if the website tracks you with cookies is my original IP visible or the one ...
Great write up on network printer hacking at IronGeek's site here for anyone interested http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/networkprinterhacking. Here's what I want to do: Scan the subnet for HP printers with port 9100 open. I know I can use OS fingerprinting and the port argument to filter it down. I want to...
Rule-4: alert udp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET 3333 (msg:"ET EXPLOIT Wireshark ENTTEC DMX Data Processing Code Execution Attempt 1"; content:"|45 53 44 44|"; depth:4; content:"|04|"; distance:2; within:1; content:"|FE FF|"; distance:0; within:50; content:"|FE FF|"; distance:0; within:50; content:"|FE|"; byte_tes...
Assume a web site with some kind of mailer option, that doesn't implement any rate limiting: This enables users to send an unlimited amount of email per second. Will SMTP face possible DoS attacks for that? Or any kind of problems? Can anyone explain this?
If I have... <table onclick="texttexttexttextUSERINPUTHERE"></table> Would XSS be possible? I mean with > and " filtered out. I know if there wasn't text behind the user input, you could put alert(0), and that would set off when clicked, but I don't know if it's possible with this case.
When I am browsing in an environment where Untangle server is installed, can the network admin track everything I do? for example: Skype chat messages Personal emails (Gmail, Yahoo)
I am considering uploading some (all) of my digital personal data to Google Drive. I guess this would instantly grant access for NSA to my data. (Is that right?) Who would have access to my data on my gDrive? After deleting some files on the Drive, will they actually be deleted?
I have Kingston DataTraveler vault privacy USB flash drive (DTVP/2GB). Here is tech specs. Flash drive has a 256-bit AES hardware based encryption. My flash has password protected and I do not know password. Is it possible, to crack password in some way? The question is - is it possible to get encrypted password hash ...
I am creating SPA application using Angular. This will serve my two purpose for middle layer on mobile as well website. Now trying to security my application from XSS, CSRF and also wanted secure authentication mechanism. My services will be Resful stateless services. This is the flow which I think will help me. Clien...
I have a set of INPUT chain rules restricting traffic based on source ip and destination ports.The services are ftp and a job service.The server has a public ip address. The default policy of the INPUT chain is deny. The default policy of the FORWARD chain is deny. The only service accessible from any ip address is th...
I am using pfsense as a firewall, and I would like to know how I can stop network scans from enumerating open services and ports.
I am making a site's authentication system in which the sign up form isn't located at index and it isn't going to be at index. If a user is already signed in and wants to fill sign up form, the script tells him that you're already signed in with the following account. It is ok to do that or not? I've seen Google tellin...
I have implemented the login/verification aspect of a two factor auth system as per RFC 6238. It works fine with Google Authenticator, which is great. Now I am turning my attention to the backup codes, that are provided by services implementing 2FA such as Google and GitHub. I notice they are of a different length and/...
My community centre has a public computer center. I am pretty sure that it's connected in a star topology with some switch in the center. It also have a proxy server which we need to enter a username and password to access the internet. The username and password can be requested from the service counter near the public...
I'm am looking into conducting a phishing campaign to gauge how susceptible my workplace is to phishing attacks. Part of this will involve guiding "duped" users to materials or resources that will help users learn how to spot and handle phishing attempts. Would anyone happen to know of some good, preferably free, reso...
I am in the habit of wiping new drives and for SSDs I use hdparm to perform an ATA secure erase. I just purchased two 44-pin PATA SSDs through an eBay seller in China and hdparm does not report a Security section when querying the drives: # hdparm -I /dev/sda /dev/sda: ATA device, with non-removable media Mod...
I'm asking my question here since I was not able to find an answer anywhere. I have written a piece of software which stores pretty delicate passwords. I have used BCrypt as hashing algorithm with an appropriate setting of strength. Point is, I have now implemented a method which, everytime the user changes something, ...
It is really common (and I would say it is some kind of security basic) to not show on the login page if the username or the password was wrong when a user tries to log in. One should show a generic message instead, like "Password or username are wrong". The reason is not to show potential attackers which usernames are...
I recently got a call from our network admin asking that I stop the app updates on my iPhone to open up bandwidth. It is my personal phone. My question is 2 part: Out of all of the personal devices in the office, how was the admin able to identify the device as mine. What can I change on my phone so it does not person...
I am running MIT Kerberos V and I would like to automate the creation of principals. The page here explains how to do this by providing principal names and passwords on the command line like so: awk '{ print "ank +needchange -pw", $2, $1 }' < /tmp/princnames | time /usr/sbin/kadmin.local> /dev/null Where ank is a...
I'm trying to obtain a copy of program that uses 128 bit encryption, I've been denied since it could decrypt ANYTHING that anyone else has saved in it. I suggested giving me the program, but on mine just change the key so it only works on my copy and no others. I know little of encryption, but it sounds like a logical...
Lately, there have been a couple of projects which aim to replace all the credit cards in your wallet with a single smart device which will hold all of them, sync with your smartphone, etc. (Namely Coin and Protean) What I specifically don't like, however, is that there are so many points of failure involved: Both req...
I'm trying to learn how Microsoft Certificate Templates interact with a certificate request, and can only guess that they take on one of the two/three forms: They simply help the client create a request, EKUs, and other settings for the PKCS10 submission to the server. OR they are used to validate, control, and restri...
I'm currently doing a penetration test for a client, who are using Trustwave NAC to prevent unauthorized physical access to their network. I would like to know if there are any possible ways to bypass this. Client is putting a lot of faith in their implementation (with good cause so far), but I would like to be able to...
I've run into a predicament... I'm developing a mobile application that utilizes a server for various things. One portion is that it stores an id/key pair related to accessing and processing transaction information for specific accounts. This id/key for specific accounts is dynamically decided based on what's going on ...
I have a master server installed on AWS and the slave server installed on GoDaddy. How many SSL certificates do I need to buy? Can I use a single certificate for both?
I came up with this idea but I cant figure out if it's good or bad, maybe you can help. My goal is: I want to create extremely strong passwords for my main accounts (gmail, skype and so on). I want to have different passwords for all my accounts that are longer than 20 characters and that contains lower+upper case char...
I've been reading "Hacking: The Art of Exploitation 2nd Ed." and I hit a part that's not explained clearly enough for me. In the section "Writing to an Arbitrary Address" Jon Erickson creates a vulnerable little c program (called fmt_vuln) that passes format-paramaters (such as %x) as the first argument to printf. Doin...