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I am currently working on a pet project website and I want to implement the "remember me" feature for logins and wanted to know if my procedure is secure. The authentication process basically goes something like this:
If a user want to be remembered and logs in successfully alongside his session cookie he gets a long-... |
I am living in a student housing in UK.
Today, I was suddenly asked to put in my log in credentials for the internet service and because I forgot the credentials, I went to find my password section.
Guess what... an ISP... storing password as
PLAINTEXT!
The blacked out section after
"You password is:"
is not a temp... |
So few days ago a friend fixed an lfi on his site , and he sent me the url used , it was base 64 encoded url but not usual ../../../etc/passwd ,
It is : Li4vLi4vZXRjL3Bhc3N3ZAAucG5n
Now decoded on base64decode.org I get this :
../../etc/passwd�.png
What is that question mark , I thought it was null byte , but it seems... |
My forum was running MyBB 1.6.10 and maldet found a JPG file with the webshell by Orb malware code at the end (php.cmdshell.unclassed.352). I'm using nginx and had secured against arbitrary files being processed as PHP files per this guide.
Still - how could I check whether the exploit has indeed been executed from the... |
Whilst researching another question, I've noticed that on OS X 10.9.4 there are many instances of Library/Keychains/login.keychain from ~ within the Data folder of what looks like apps from Apple App Store within ~/Library/Containers.
Is this merely a coincidence, or does this mean that any random app from the App Stor... |
my devices and my network have been compromised. I foolishly left my router unprotected
and they were able to gain access to all my apple devices and then install some sort of software that will take pictures and record audio and store them in their metadata so it remains hidden on my computer. This person has then set... |
In stream cipher (namely the OTP ) . The pad which the plain text is Xored with has to be random to achieve perfect secrecy , or psudorandom to ensure semantic security
Dose this apply to DES or block ciphers in general ?
Dose the randomness of the DES key effects the security ?
|
I have a site running only with http. I have decided I want to go full https, but I have no idea how to do this.
Do I have to buy that certificate somewhere? Where, how much does it cost?
Does it involve changes in my actual code? Forms, ajax, etc..
Do I have to change something in my server config? What, how, where?... |
Suppose I have 3 sites that I want to have SSO in, site1.com, site2.com, and auth.com. SSL is always required.
According to how SiteMinder cookies are described here, one of those domains would be the associated "master cookie" domain, and others would redirect to that domain in case of an authentication failure.
H... |
I am looking for a list of typical mistakes someone can make when implementing digital signatures for a software. And of course why they are mistakes and how an attacker could take advantage of them.
I do not mean implementing the crypto itself but applying/using a library (like GPG or something alike) in your own proj... |
I'm concerned how android apps that integrate payment processing deal with secure financial information.When purchasing through these apps the apps show the Webpage of the bank asking for credentials.
The page is same as the one which opens when we pay through the Web browser,but there the data is secured by HTTPS.
We ... |
i am creating a game of sorts where you use and earn credits to accomplish tasks. I am curious if you can effectively use gmail's security features to secure these submissions if the emails are all in one of the major "safe" ESPs - that use SPF and DMARC.
For simplicity let's just say every account except the game_ho... |
I am a bit confused from various sources about the abstraction level and layers that a file resides in forensic imaging.
I have found two slightly different explanations:
The first one includes
a) Physical Layer (sectors,cylinders etc.)
b) Data Layer (Unallocated space etc.)
c) Metadata Layer (i-nodes, alternative dat... |
Redhat finally gave in after insisting for years that elliptic curves had patents and disabling them, recently enabling a whopping three algorithms:
CentOS 6.5
openssl ecparam -list_curves
secp384r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 384 bit prime field
prime256v1: X9.62/SECG curve over a 256 bit ... |
I'm currently working a project that requires me to store sensitive information (mainly passwords and other information) on a web server via a standard python/flask website. This information is to be shared with x number of other people on the system where they can decrypt and see the information.
Ideally I'd like to p... |
I'm a beginner, and these may be very obvious for you, but I'm trying to understand if there are security issues with this example.
Today on Stack Overflow, I saw the following post: PHP Sessions Login with remember me.
The question is about creating a "Remember Me" function to extend the authenicated session for logge... |
I haven't used Windows partition since mid-June and I booted the system once again just a few days ago. My first action was as usual update all programs marked to be updated (including Windows updates). Today MSE detected TrojanDownloader:Win32/Tugspay.A in chrome directory, which I believe to be for persistent storage... |
I'm trying to implement two-factor authentication on the cheap for a website of mine. My bank uses this sort of grid-based OTP system, so I wanted to emulate it in my application:
Cards are generated using the same functions as passwordmaker.org. A 64 character pseudorandom string is generated for each card as well as... |
What do I need to learn/know to throttle a clients network based on his/her operating system.
For example:
Someone in my network using Kali Linux... I would like to throttle
their traffic to trickle state. Is it possible to do this?
If its possible, what ways can the client spoof their OS.. ie: Kali
Linux shows up as ... |
Many of my customers refuse to sell or recycle their old hard drives or mobile phones because everybody now-days talks about how popular data recovery program's are. Isn't it enough to use a software to write a zero to every byte of the storage area in order to protect your deleted data?
What am I missing here? Are th... |
I'm thinking of developing a third-party client for Quora in Windows Phone. There are a few but they just run Quora in a mobile browser.
The problem is there is no public or open APIs of Quora. And I want to develop an app which logs in a user and displays questions related to his faved topics and all.
The way i've fi... |
"arpspoof" arp replies every second and I think about what is a reasonable time to send arp replies without affecting the network performance, or just making arpspoof not so noticiable.
Is there any arpspoof config to change that? I guess in "ettercap" is possible in /etc/etter.conf
|
I asked a related question earlier, but I want to ask a broader version this time:
To simplify things let's say I've developed an application that allows users to send messages in a chat room, and to each other (similar to IRC). The nature of the message doesn't require too much secrecy, nothing sensitive is ever share... |
Is it safe to use virtual mobile numbers for account verification & authentication for services such as PayPal, Twitter, Gmail, Linkekdin, etc.? And what is the security drawback for this?
|
I am by no means an expert in online security so I wanted to outline the steps I am taking to remain as safe as possible yet still make it as easy as possible to gain access to my system from anywhere (within reason).
I have set up an openssh-server on my linux (debian wheezy) PC and enabled port forwarding for port 22... |
We have a web app for which some users want to have a password reset function.
I don't want to enforce a particular level of security for the users. So if a user picks a strong password which she is able to remember and then proceeds to store sensitive data in our system, then we want to keep that data secure.
At the s... |
A WWW-site guided me to change the password regularly. Should I believe what the say, if my current password is long enough random string?
|
I didn't think of this before but today I just realised that in soke sites, pw recovery is possible if you know the answers to security questions like
What is your mother's maiden name?
In this case, should the answers to the security questions be hashed or not?
|
The administrator account can be renamed which means the hacker needs to figure out two pieces of information : the user name and the password while there is always one root account in Linux named root
|
I can understand that typing my user name on the computer is "identification" and providing the password is "authentication" but when I use a smart card or a key fob I see no identification taking place?
|
I've been looking into what hashing functions are, what they do, &c. I was just wondering: how does a hashing function always return the same length hash?
How does hashing work? does not explain why hashes for a certain algorithm return the same length every time.
|
I'm using a tplink router for my home LAN and just noticed that in the UPnP section in its control panel there are two entries with App description: Teredo of tipe: UDP and ports: 55566 and 49868
How can I analyze what application is using those forwarding? Does it seem suspicious?
(There is no remove button in the web... |
I have set up an SSH key with Digital Ocean that is automatically added to any servers I create. Is it okay to use this root account for SFTP and daily use or should I create another user account and avoid using the root account?
|
Is there any attack out there that can be implemented where a single request to a server i host for example responds by sending the same file say 20 times back ? the idea behind the attack is to DOS tor nodes which are hosting the stream, this attack is for a masters project, and just want to prove the concept of it wo... |
I need to send a lot of small messages that are usually between 128 bits and 256 bits long, and each message is encrypted with a separate 128 bit AES key. Therefore, to send each message with the key would require between 256 and 384 bits of data. If a message is 129 bits long, it would still take 2 AES blocks to enc... |
I'm using Ettercap as MITM for testing on sniffing password but I'm not getting some POST request data containing "usuario" (user in spanish) and "clave" (password in spanish).
I'd like to know if there's some editing file in order to add those fields into the sniffing engine.
|
I want to test an ldap directory with ldapsearch. No passwords are stored in the LDAP directory. Account passwords are stored in Kerberos and LDAP contains a pointer to the Kerberos principal. The ldap has an attribute userPassword
Attribute Name: 'userPassword'
OID: 2.5.4.35
URN: urn:oid:2.5.4.35
Multiple Values... |
While using google chrome I keep getting a pop-up from Sophos saying "High Risk Website Blocked - Access has been blocked to "codegv.ru"
It happens every time I perform any action in google chrome. Any navigation and it comes up.
I suspect there to be Malware on my computer. I am currently letting Sophos scan my compu... |
I am downloading Ubuntu Linux, and would like to make sure that my download has not been tampered with.
Ubuntu has a GPG key, which I could use to make sure that the download is valid -- but how do I validate the key? Unfortunately, the key seems to only be available via hkp -- which is not a secure protocol!
The GPG k... |
What are the tools Google uses to blacklist a website as being malicious (hosting a web malware)?
I know it is partly fed by users themselves who can enter unsafe URLs into Google's database.
But what, apart from this, are the tools Google uses? Does it rely on anti-viruses, for example?
Also, why is the Google safe... |
I have a SSL site where a user can select items to purchase, register and pay. For payment, the user is redirected to a payment gateway. Once the payment is completed, the user is redirected to our website.
Now, my client wants to host one form on his non-https site in a secure iframe to get some information(non-sensi... |
All OTP systems that I have observed, send a new OTP every time a user requests for an OTP. (for example whatsapp)
Only the latest OTP is valid and an OTP can only be used for X hours.
I am wondering what would be the drawback if I send the same OTP for every user request in the said X hours?
So let us say X = 2, then ... |
Recently I saw a domain of mine was hacked and the hacker have injected his code in some encryption format as below.
<?php $l___l_='base'.(32*2).'_de'.'code';$l___l_=$l___l_(str_replace("\n", '', 'D+I/q0Gc5hiUdrnOss2HvSvTg1sG8Q6rE6jWEaBtDzQFKd1Er6yZI1MBfxpqll488V7Tbm3phDbBFAwG
k5MLq6NbLAXb69v3jtw65S0KD5Nx2R8ROgea8Z0z1b... |
Let's say I have an iOS/Android app which rely on a custom REST API for things such as account management (register, login, password reset, get/set user-related data).
There is no good way to guarantee my API is only called from my mobile application. Oauth2 and the like with 'secret' in the client code can be easily r... |
Mesh network have one router connected to WAN or Internet so IP address is allocated to that router will be exiting point for all the nodes.. and other routers will have Internet connection from that Router..
so when any malicious activity is done by someone at the time they are connected routers within Mesh WiFi netwo... |
No matter on which server I try to connect via password login, I always get the error message
Too many authentication failures for
If I have exchanged the ssh-keys, I can login without password as before, also if I rename my user ~/.ssh folder, I get to the password prompt as suspected.
What can I have wrong in my .s... |
Say I have a page on my website which lists public keys to be used in case people would either allow me access to a server, or send me encrypted information.
Is there any benefit to me providing different types of keys for users to use, or multiple keys of the same type but different sizes?
For example, a page on my we... |
I am using Ubuntu and am wondering if installing Snort on my host can make me more vulnerable?
|
Suppose that instead of using, say, Google, let me in! as my Google password, I used some consistent transform of this string, say ZWE1NjMyNm?
What search keywords would be helpful to search for information on the general idea of using "pre-password transforms" as passwords?
|
https://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html listed a set of cipher suites supported by different protocol versions, but I don't see a TLS 1.1 list.
Anybody could help me to understand where to get a lit of cipersuites supported by OpenSSL TLS 1.1?
|
I recently learned about how WPA-PSK works. If I understand correctly, the 4-way handshake enables the protocol to ensure mutual possession of the PMK (and therefor, the PSK) without sending the PMK/PSK over. This way it's not susceptible to a man-in-the-middle attack.
My question is, how is mutual authentication ensur... |
Is it possible (and how) to tell from a network dump if there is a buffer overflow attack, DoS or brute force attack? A DDoS would be more obvious to identify, but those attacks mentioned above I think would look a little more like normal activity.
Sorry for my newbie question, your answer would help a lot. Any informa... |
Currently we authenticate WCF calls TO a service via ADFS, using the following procedure:
Firstly, we get a SAML token from ADFS
using (var factory = new WSTrustChannelFactory(
new UserNameWSTrustBinding(System.ServiceModel.SecurityMode.TransportWithMessageCredential),
new System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress(new ... |
So I have a site where users can create online surveys and send them out to whomever they like. Over the past few months we have seen an uptick in one particular user who creates an account, then creates a survey where he requests user names and passwords for a different site. It's always the same site that he target... |
Fed up with the following definition.
Reflected attacks are those where the injected script is reflected off the web server, such as in an error message, search result, or any other response that includes some or all of the input sent to the server as part of the request. Reflected attacks are delivered to victims ... |
I am very new to cryptography and I am confused with something. Here is the homework question I am having trouble with:
Write a program to attack the Textbook RSA Encryption Scheme, in order to decrypt the encrypted file key_enc.txt which contains the 128 bits AES secret key together with the initialisation vector (I... |
So I've made a tool for web developers and now I want to sell it, but I don't want all web developers to see my code (PHP).
I do know there are PHP Obfuscators, but I don't want to use them, as they are not COMPLETELY 100% secure. I tried looking for a compiler for PHP (I know they aren't 100% secure as well, but they ... |
I have some job related files I have already compressed with 7Z.
I have protected each with good 10 character passwords consisting of upper, and lower cases, numbers and special characters.
And I have enabled header encryption of the filenames.
I am not yet concerned about the physical security of my system or side ch... |
Can we trace the imei numbers of mobile devices in which SIM card was used previously, & if it was used in multiple mobile devices?
|
My organization is preparing to purchase some 50 "units" from Symantec, with which we can purchase Verisign SSL certificates of varying authentication levels. Our organization does not have--but definitely would like--the ability to send digitally signed e-mail to external business partners and clients, and use the s... |
Like damaging a chip on the motherboard, increase the fan's speed till something explodes, or anything similar to that. I am not an IT guru, but I never came across a malicious code that couldn't be erased using a certain software, nor a virus that caused something beyond corrupting the OS.
|
We are in the process of upgrading our webservers to support TLS 1.2 but I have heard rumor of very old browsers, such as those used as kiosks will fall over when trying to connect to a server that has TLS 1.2 support. Is this true? Or will every browser no matter how old and outdated just fallback to their supported T... |
I wonder if some processes may get less packets than others if they are all listening to the same wireless interface.
I'm running for example the basic mitm schema using arpspoof, sniffing packets with ettercap, running urlsnarf to see some GET requests and tcpdump saving the dump packets into a file. All in different ... |
Having /var/www/site.com owned by www-data:www-data with a 750 permission for directories and 640 for files, and having my user alexb added to www-data group, I found my self with permission issues when I try to pull new releases (git pull) to the testing environment.
So, right now, the only solutions that come into my... |
According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#Web_browsers most browsers support SSL 3.0. And with my understanding (please correct me if I am wrong), when a browser just establishes a connection with a HTTPS server, the browser sends a list of ciphers to the server in a preferred order, servers re... |
I frequently have to remind my members not to post their e-mails due to spam bots. One of them told me he doesn't care about that since his spam filter is good enough. If I allow him to do that, are there disadvantages to my website?
|
Where do 4096 bit RSA keys for SSL certs currently stand in terms of things like CA support, browser support, etc? In the overall scheme of things is the increased security worth the risk of 4096 bit keys not having the widespread support and compatibility as 2048 bit keys do, not to mention the increased CPU load requ... |
I have passwords stored in my database that are very long, unique and generated by a CSPRNG.
Do I need to use a salt before hashing them?
My understanding is that usually you use a hash function in the following way:
hash(salt + password)
where the + is simply the concatenation of the 2 strings (or byte arrays). Since... |
I'm trying to save only POST packets using tcpdump filter expressions. I started with 'tcp port 80' and I found on the web a specific expression to achieve that.
tcpdump -i wlan0 -s 0 -A -vv 'tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2):4] = 0x504f5354'
Where 0x504f5354 means POST.
That works, but when only saving packets instead o... |
Some apps like Foursquare require the user to "check in" at physical places, in order to gain money benefits.
Given that emulated GPS are available for customized versions of Android, it sounds easy to trick such apps.
Given the monetary incentives, I am sure many people have tried, so how do apps prevent GPS cheatin... |
I connect to the internet using my company's Wi-Fi and Tor. Can they still see the websites I visit?
|
I am looking for JavaScript malware. I need it just for local tests on my computer for a project I am working on. Are there any Internet resources where I could find this?
|
I am new to pen-testing. Yesterday i analysed one android application using dex2jar application and i saw an android application implemented https connection using empty trust manager.
class miTM implements javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager{
public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, ... |
I have a mobile banking application installed on my phone which allows me to pay for things, transfer money using my phone from my account to another etc.
How safe or unsafe is this application? For example, what are the chances that I could get malware/virus/spyware/keylogger on my phone which could somehow record my... |
I installed a Windows XP virtual machine on VirtualBox. The host machine is also a Windows XP. I run 5 viruses on the guest machine, however this does not seem to infect my host machine. Could someone inform me why ?
|
In the past I have seen having a Google drive document and have FTP username/passwords there.
Is storing passwords in Google drive a good practice?
|
I have some weird traffic heading outbound from my network. It is being blocked by the firewall from exiting and I'm not sure what the source is. I've looked at the machine and don't see anything blatant compromise-wise.
What I've done on the machine: The box is Win7 Enterprise x64. I used Redline to capture a memory i... |
We all know a password should contain a healthy mixture of letters (upper and lower), numbers, and special characters.
But does the randomness of their placement matter. Of course for letters it matters whether or not it spells a dictionary word, but lets say you have random letters, numbers, and characters.
So a simp... |
(Before everything excuse me because of my English) Today one of my friends asked me about his Nokia 130 Dual SIM. There was a problem about Short Message System. No Messages were sent from that phone. First I thought there is a problem with Message Center configuration. So, I checked it out. There was't any problem wi... |
We are currently working on authentication for a web application. For password storage, we're using Jasypt StrongPasswordEncryptor with SHA-256 and tens of thousands of iterations. Going into the project, I had hoped to implement PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512 (I do not believe I could get traction on a switch to bcrypt or scrypt)... |
I installed OpenSSL locally and used s_server command to start a server by using self signed certificate created by OpenSSL as well.
The command I used to start a https server is OpenSSL> s_server -accept 443 -www -cert c:\temp\test_server.crt -key c:\temp\test_server.key. I pointed my own browser to it and I can see a... |
My question is based on this tweet after I commented about forbidding + symbols in email addresses. The tweet says, "This is a measure we've taken for security reasons."
This can be frustrating and inconvenient for people that have (or use) plus signs in their email address, and I'm sure web sites don't intend to do th... |
The default method for updating flash is through Adobe's unsecured http portal, which seems to be a serious security concern, given the access that flash has on a user's machine. Can anyone recommend a secure way to update flash?
|
I don't trust Dropbox to keep my files secure. In fact, the same goes for all the other file clouds. What I'd like is a easy and cross platform means of encrypting files that I add and read from Dropbox. I'd love to be able to use Dropbox as if I'm mounting an encrypted partition. In other words, so I don't need to... |
This Shamir Secret sharing utility consumes the secret key, and then generates N keys that must be manually distributed to each person.
This is probably fine for most low-security situations, but not suitable in medium or high security scenarios where no-one can know all the keys, or the secret key that was created in ... |
Do these 2 terminologies refer to the same thing?
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Source_Code_Analysis_Tools
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis#.NET
Some of the tools overlap. Makes you wonder. If they are different can someone explain to me the differences.
|
Lately, I was reading that article about SSL client certificate.
Why is nobody using SSL Client Certificate?
The answer was to that question was :
In the current state, this excellent idea is rendered completely
useless by the awful usability and the completely detached nature:
This is a browser feature. It's brow... |
If you get a disposable email from say guerrillamail.com, and then fill out the forgot my password page at dahorta.org/app/index.php/cliente/resgatar_senha, it emails you a link to reset your password. The url has a 40 character number which I think is a SHA-1 hash.
I noticed that when you fill out the same email twice... |
Can a CSR be created in OpenSSL with SHA2? If so, what would the command be and what does this tell the CA, if anything? If you could create a CSR using SHA2 would it "tell" the signing CA to use it on the entire cert chain?
|
What are the use cases for defining something other than the default SHA1 hash in a CSR? Is it to protect the digital signature, public/private keys? What is it protecting exactly?
|
There are serious tools and services such as Google Safe Browsing for malicious and phishing websites, and others fully dedicated to phishing websites such as Phishing.org.
What is done against these websites (especially the ones that distribute malware, with drive-by download attack, for instance) once they are public... |
I'm just wondering. How does iOS prevent someone from executing code on their device that isn't from Apple or downloaded from the App Store?
Also what exactly, does a Jailbreak do to allow unauthorised code to be run on an iOS device?
Also are the steps to Jailbreak a device repeatable when a new version of iOS is rele... |
I've always contacted my bank and credit card provider every year and simply asked to change my credit card number itself (and get a new card). They do so without a hassle and I feel more secure in doing it.
Does this actually provide better security? My thought process is that if a hacker steals or otherwise finds on... |
in RFC 6749 The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework
2.3.1. Client Password definitely states that authentication at TokenEndpoint can be done in two alternate ways
HTTP basic authentication - client_id:client_secret
in the POST request-body, client_id={client_id}, client_secret={client_secret}
While Facebook API deman... |
There are a lot of free antivirus software and free versions of commercial anti-malwares. Can we really trust these free antivirus programs?
The same question about commercial antivirus software. Maybe they install backdoors on our computers?
|
What would be reason for placing a proxy server in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)?
I understand that a DMZ is a separate network to your internal network (lies inbetween internal network and firewall). I know that you would add a computer which hosts services to the DMZ e.g. web server, to increase security (if your web se... |
I've seen plenty of websites that, during the signup process, require me to verify my email address or cell phone number by clicking an emailed link or by entering some one-time-use code that's been sent to me.
I generally find these systems a pain to use. For the email it's annoying to have a separate tab open up whe... |
So when I do hydra -l Admin -P "rockyou.txt" -s 80 192.168.13.1 http-get / it doesn't work for me. It says all 16 passwords are valid, but none of them works. Can anyone help me with this? I tried googling and found others having this issue, but none of them were descriptive enough for me to resolve this. I'm using a D... |
Symbols like >, <, / etc are getting escaped any alternative to carry out the xss attack ?
most of the websites are having xss filters
|
So I was analysing a new application that is being written. I noticed that on the app server level there are sql calls that are being made from C# code. These calls can be seen in wireshark by following the TCP stream from my machine.
Is there any way to prevent a MITM from seeing this? The calls look something like t... |
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