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The VPN won't see anymore than your ISP already is. So even if the VPN was logging everything you did, shouldn't it just leave you in status quo? How can it ever compromise your identity, that you move your "entry-point" from your ISP to a VPN?
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After buying a used computer from a stranger, what steps should be taken to ensure it is safe to use for connecting to a network that handles sensitive information? (I am defining "sensitive" broadly: notes to a loved one, corporate trade secrets, and the location of several of Russia's submarines.)
I am imagining that... |
Specifically, the problems with OCSP that Adam Langley talks about here?
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Some financial websites that I use use passwords in a peculiar way. Instead of asking me the whole password string, they only ask me to enter e.g. "3rd, 5th and 8th character of your password", i.e. a random combination of characters of the password string.
I think this would make sense if it's done using a shared ra... |
I am using Bitdefender AV 2013 ed and I have noticed that when the Scan SSL is enabled in the configuration BD will use a local certificate, as mentioned here. This modifies the cert chain with BD as the trusted root on secured sites, or at least that's what you see. My questions are:
1) What is this kind of technology... |
a friend challenged me to find out the ip from the new web server he uses.
Is there a rainbow table or something similar with all possible adresses or are 4 billion numbers to much for a normal consumer pc ?
Is there another way to find out the right ip ?
Is there any possibility to find it out if i know the webhoster... |
the story looks like this: we have a browser, we have attached windbg to this browser,
we have a fuzzing 'page'. now, when browser will crash (and i.e. I know that bug occurs somewhere in the HTML code), how can I find that code which crashed the browser?
is there a way to find it during the windbg session?
appreciated... |
I have a multi-factor web authentication server, that in addition to regular passwords uses fingerprints for user authentication.
Can anyone think of a security flaw in the following scenario:
I have Resource Server that hosts valuable resources, the resource owner must provide his fingerprint to an authentication se... |
Would you please tell me what is the difference between Anti-skimmer and Anti-fraud in ATMs?
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First of all sorry if I am asking a trivial question.
As far as I know, XML is used for representing document structures. Can entirely static sites accepting no user inputs at all be vulnerable to XML, DTD and entity attacks?
If it happens, In what context is it possible ?
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We build software which needs a SQL SERVER database. This database will hold private user information (address,bank, ...)
My question is: Should I install my database in a fresh SQL Server instance, or can I use an exiting instance?
(I doesn't want to wast user resources but also want to deny unauthorized access)
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I'm setting up a home HTTP server which can send and receive JSON data to/from different clients (Android and iPhone apps).
I'd like to allow access only to certain users and I'm considering using a simple username/password mechanism, as setting up client certificates seems a bit of an overkill for this small project.
... |
What are the main components that JavaScript malware targets on the browsers ? Which aspects of browsers on which JavaScript takes advantage to exploit them ? And which techniques are used by malicious web content to attack browsers ?
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I am trying to understand how/if an email I received is being encrypted.
A financial institution sent me a verifiable email (i.e. not phising) asking me to fill out a pdf form to complete a transaction. The outbound email contained my account information and a completed pdf form in my reply would contain even more pers... |
Does the EICAR antivirus test work on antivirus scanners for Linux? The EICAR test is described in more detail here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EICAR_test_file
The reason I ask is that it requests the EICAR file to be a .COM file, which is specific to Microsoft as far as I am aware. Should Linux antivirus software ... |
My coworker and I are developing an authoritative server for an MMO. We can't agree on how to handle "misbehaving" clients. Misbehaving, in this case, means clients who send "odd" requests that might indicate a compromised/altered client, or even a nefarious user injecting data directly into the communication stream.
O... |
According to National Public Radio, Ruben Santamarta has reported that gear aboard airliners and accessible through on-board WiFi or in-flight entertainment equipment uses hard-coded login credentials. http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/08/04/337794061/hacker-says-he-can-break-into-airplane-systems-using-i... |
I have a DD-WRT based wireless network with strong password security. However, other machines on the network may not be as protected as mine. If these machines are compromised, need I fear the attacker can more easily hack my machine, having gained access to another machine on the wireless network? We do not share d... |
When using (Thunderbird and) GnuPG to send a PGP/MIME message to two separate recipients, with the text body different in both messages, but the same file attached to both of them, does this give an outside attacker that observes the traffic any additional advantage without knowledge of the plain text?
I realize that t... |
As per my understanding , openssl will verify the certificate of the server during ssl handshake , using the trusted CAs present in the CA certificate dir in the context. After the server certificate is verified and handshake is done , does the openssl cache/store the verified server certificate?
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I'm interested in using SaltStack in stand-alone minion mode as a way of automating the various configs that I want to do for my personal dev environment. But as a good security conscious dev, what kind of attack vectors would I be opening myself up to here? Or are there any?
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Sorry I'm not sure this would be the best place but I've noticed this icon recently. I'm not sure what it is and it only pops up sometimes. When it does, I can't click it or do anything to it and it disappears a few seconds later. I don't recognize the icon as anything I installed. If anyone recognizes this icon and wh... |
I need to send sensitive information from one piece of hardware to another. I was thinking wifi, but if someone obtains the password, it wouldn't be encrypted. I don't think you can use ssl unless it's a website, but I may be wrong. I don't know if it makes a difference, but it only needs to be one way.
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I've been reading about 2-way SSL or mutual auth recently, and here's what I've figured so far:
Mutual auth is a way for the client to authenticate itself to the server, just like the server does to client during (1-way) SSL connections. Web browsers are preloaded with the certs of well known CAs, so, when a website se... |
Assuming SSL/TLS cannot be used in this context, is this method secure enough to authenticate someone without someone listening to be able to retrieve the password from the information transmitted.
The client sends a login request.
The server replies with a unique identifier for the login
The user enters in the passwo... |
Below is an informal protocol narration of a simple authentication protocol. A sends to B a signed hash of message M, B's name and a nonce N. B knows that the message M is intended for him, that it originates from A and that it was sent as part of the same run.
A -> B: (M, A)
B -> A: N
A -> B: {| #(M,B,N) |}sA
But wha... |
In ADFS, serveral certificates are used. This is explained (very clearly) on this page: http://blogs.technet.com/b/adfs/archive/2007/07/23/adfs-certificates-ssl-token-signing-and-client-authentication-certs.aspx
Now, I have configured the following:
ADFS Communications certificate
ADFS Token decrypting certificate (fo... |
I am not saying I am actually going to buy one but I am wondering if an individual can get an Extended Validation SSL certificate?
I know this is intended for companies / organisations but would this technically be possible?
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I have implemented a login, and session, procedure for a web app and I am wondering whether what I have implemented is secure enough.
The authentication is based on login password on https. If the login succeeded the server returns a randomly generated token the server stores and sends with any https post request it ma... |
Suppose a given random number generator has poor entropy, and is compressible by any compression algorithm (zlib, bzip2, lzma, etc).
Specifically the issues with this RNG are:
Bad entropy
Bad seed size
Failure to use multiple sources of entropy
Reseeding only occurs once, at initialization, instead of at an interval. ... |
The MD5 hashing algorithm is known to be vulnerable to collisions for a number of years now, see its Wikipedia entry. Still, I see that in many places throughout the web, MD5 is used to verify download integrity, e.g., the Ubuntu images. CMake's ExternalData()C feature description even says:
Note that the hashes are u... |
We are hosting a site on a self-managed Digital Ocean VPS ("Droplet") that will be taking payments via Stripe using their stripe.js API. According to PCI, we have determined that we fall under the SAQ A-EP.
However, the SAQ A-EP (Part 2g) states that:
If merchant website is hosted by a third-party provider, the provid... |
I'm trying to do a Bruteforce attack on a handshake taken from my wireless network that is not WPS enabled. The reason I'm doing it is because I'm testing how strong a 10 digit phone number is as a password. I tried the following command
crunch 10 10 0123456789 | aircrack-ng -e NETWORK -b 60:C3:97:34:8B:E9 -w- hs/NETW... |
The company I work for has recently moved to an external vendor for payroll services. We did an initial upload of data from our old system to the new vendor. I noticed that our employees that have apostrophes in their names (O’Riley for example) were no longer matching up with other systems. The new payroll vendor h... |
There are various old questions on stack exchange which say that malicious code in file metadata can potentially be executed when the file is opened (here, here, and here for example). They are all from a few years ago however, is this still a valid threat with today's video players? If so, what steps can I take to mak... |
I want to become a pen tester/ethical hacker,what should I do in the beginning?
(I'm new to information security ,i have basic knowledge in python,will it be okay if I take CEH course,Any help is appreciated,Thank you all.)
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We have a project with 3 remote developers and myself, at the moment passwords (server logins, db passwords etc) are being shared via emails which are cc'ed to everyone,
Is there a normal workflow for this, we use git for version control, but it dosnt feel right to have our passwords in there (not that email is any mo... |
Website here: alienvault.com
I've been trying out Spiceworks for about a week, seeing what use I get out of it. Today I log in and see an alert: "(my computer) has established a connection to suspicious IP 198.143.173.146" which apparently is some site called busedge.com and/or Singlehop, Inc. in Chicago (or spoofed t... |
Since GnuPG is available for Android, why does no one makes an app that encrypts every message using an RSA key and just swaps the keys with each "friend", so for example:
John has a limit of 100 friends.
John has 1 RSA public key.
Only John has the secret key.
People who would message John would only get his public ... |
The following is a scenario for an attack where one website can impersonate another. I am told (including by this answer) that it's impossible, but I would like to understand exactly what prevents it.
Alice uses websites that fetch a trusted JS resource from Bob's server, using HTTPS to prevent MITM attacks. Bob's reso... |
I carried out an arp poisoning attack from my virtual machine to real machine with cain and able and collected data with wireshark from real machine. While I was investigating data with wireshark I came across a data flow as picture.
What does it mean? I was expecting only an ARP storm. Can I use information in this pi... |
I've been on a shared webhosting plan for 10 years and I recently moved all of my sites (various WordPress sites and associated plugins, all in PHP, a MediaWiki site, and a lot of static stuff) to my own VPS. Yay! Now I have no one to blame but myself for any problems relating to availability, performance, and security... |
The report from Hold Security says that 1.2 billion sets of credentials are in the possession of this party. I have a feeling that this report may be a hoax or a partial hoax due to grammatical errors ("while we getting our full service ready") and self-advertising of their electronic identity monitoring service. If it... |
Can we use the tools such as P0f, OSSIM and other passive fingerprinting tools to build a comprehensive network topology of how the devices are interconnected ?
or is there a passive finger printing way of building network topology ? without any active probing, traceroute, nmap etc
|
Personally I want to call the element _DO_NOT_give_this_security_thingy_to_anybody_ever. An example scenario is some clever social engineers want the user to run a malicious "add a friend" and find the CSRF token stands in the way.
But is it worth it?
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I have data coming in the form of XML with certain XML attributes being encrypted. I am very new to encryption/decryption. So I would like a detailed explanation on how to find the encryption algorithm, if at all there is any applied on this data. Or is it some other form of encoded format? Please ask any question rela... |
I have a Gmail account. Unfortunately I have sent an email from my Gmail account. How I can stop or back this email ?
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Android docs lists a number of places to store data here.
To what extent can Google access data in these places assuming the developer does not want them to have it?
In other words, if I save a private piece of data in an app that I make in my "private internal storage", and make no use of Google Services (Play, Maps, ... |
My web-app takes some configs from the user and saves into an XML file (it was not done to stop XSS). The input is XML encoded so that the ",& ... and such characters don't break the XML structure.
So is there a need to have another layer of XSS filter or will this way of saving the data automatically stops XSS attack... |
Doing an integration with an online payment provider. Payment provider will be making a web request to my server to provide some information about the basket content. On my end there's no payment processing involved, I only need to be able to capture the basket information along with the merchant ID. The payment provid... |
I was just reading about CRIME which is an attack to steal sensitive information by creating requests. Could this attack be mitigated, if the Server wouldn't send the client the actual session key to save in a cookie, but a random generated string, which maps to the session key? On each request (or every 100 requests) ... |
I'm working on a always online mobile game (native android/iOS app with Unity) and i would like to be able to authenticate the player without requiring any login/password at the beginning. For those who know, i try to achieve a similar authentication scheme as famous Supercell games (Clash of Clans, Boom Beach, etc..)
... |
When we create a Google account, Google tells us whether an account with specified username exists or not.
Doesn't that lead to user enumeration?
Why not let users fill other information first, pass the CAPTCHA test, and then choose the email address after passing the CAPTCHA test? Would this really frustrate users?
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Firstly, if a site is PCI compliant, and new references to a 3rd-party file (e.g. image, Javascript, CSS, etc…) via http:// instead of https:// are added, does it violate PCI compliance?
Secondly, would adding a reference to a third party js library over https validate PCI compliance?
Thanks
|
I have a question and answers site. I have an admin section. From that section I can delete users, threads, responses, and edit various other things. I have some simple code at the start of the admin page:
if(($session->protected_page_security()) == FALSE ||
($session->is_administrator() == FALSE)){
$sessi... |
The ISO27001:2013 standard (and ISO27002:2013 guidance) requires that use of "utility programs" that might be capable of overriding system and application controls should be restricted and controlled (A.9.4.4).
I've looked, for example, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_program for inspiration and am finding it d... |
First time 'asker' on here, but wanted to say thanks to how much I've used this site and reading answers to questions I've had!
Anyway, lately I've been having issues with a customer of ours who's server is failing the PCI Compliance scan from Trustwave. The problem in particular is with OpenSSH being vulnerable and ne... |
I sent emails out that contains an email registration confirmation link:
http://example.com?create=email%3Djay%40gmail.com%26confirm_key%3D53e321f97c145
I do not hash the link above. Before I sent an email containing this link, the user registered as a new member. Email address is inserted as a new record in the datab... |
I am using Ubuntu 13.10. If my laptop is infected with malware, can I get rid of it by creating a live usb on it and using that live usb format and re-install the ubuntu ? I mean is it possible that malware will find its way in live usb and hence infect the re-install ? If yes, how to get rid of it ?
|
I have found an XSS vulnerability on the subdomain of a site I am testing, and using it I can set cookies for both the main site and all it's subdomains.
My url currently looks like this:
http://s1.example.com/u/%22%3E%3Cmeta%20http-equiv=Set-Cookie%20content=%22sid=1234;%20path=/;%20expires=Thursday,%2020-May-15%2000... |
I am working with a website that sends API requests.
I would like to write a client to make the requests myself, but in order to do so I would need to first see the request payloads. However, the connection is secured and therefore I can't see the data in wireshark just like that.
I found out that Wireshark supports SS... |
Say I have a private service that exposes sensitive information (PHI) via a REST API, and that I want to permit access to it from only one other service.
Is it enough to partition these services into different security groups and restrict inbound traffic only to the calling service? Would this type of authentication ... |
While writing an answer to this question on Server Fault, a thought that has been bouncing around my head for quite some time resurfaced again as a question:
Is there ever a good reason to not use TLS/SSL?
To further elucidate the question, I'm asking about the specific case in which things have been configured properl... |
I have noticed that every web site has the exact same behavior for their password reset pages. They send a link to your email using which you can reach the password reset page. On that page you enter the new password. So far so good. But at this point, they always prompt me to login again. Why? I just entered my passwo... |
By definition, incognito mode shouldn't leave a trail of visited websites.
However, HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) requires the browser to keep a database of hosts that have requested HSTS, and honor HSTS for subsequent requests.
This introduces a conflict and there are two possible ways of resolving it:
Browse... |
Are there any products that let you see and set IDS [Intrusion detection system] on router or any another hardware that is connected to the router?
All the ones I have found of them are Operating Systems like security onion, alien-vault, aanval. All of them are Linux distributions.
Is there not any another hardware ID... |
I want to harden the security of my host system and side by side running virtual machines while testing some files for malware in one of the virtual machines.
Here comes a list of questions that I hope you can answer.
- Network Adapters
One thing that I am worried about is the possible spreading of malware from one vir... |
I am currently using a technique where I send the username/password in cleartext (using https) to the server, which then does bcrypt and compares to the db. Standard practice.
It is considered safe.
Would sending bcrypt hash to the server for checking be equally safe?
The point of bcrypt is that it is computationally e... |
I subscribed to a VPN service recently, and installed wireshark to take a look at the traffic sent from my computer.
Practically all of it goes through UDP protocol, encrypted. But there are two HTTP requests that are sent through TCP, not encrypted. One of them comes from an Firefox extention that updates imageboard t... |
If you worked in a big company that was very security conscious, would you build a product based on PlayFramework2 underneath? Since it does automatic dependency resolution at load time, aren't you placing a lot of trust in some possibly untrustworthy source of updated libraries?
Why would you trust it? How do you kn... |
I found today that Google allows you to reach its search engine and submit searches over non-https connection.
Visiting http://google.com, results in a redirect to the URL https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl
Attempting to visit http://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl (note, the protocol) results in access to Google over non-... |
I would like to know if I can use of PGP to ensure SOAP webservices confidentiality?
I don't want use SSL, it's kind of slow mechanism to make a tunnel for high throughput data transaction.
I though cypher data using a symmetric key, the key will be encrypted to by a asymmetric public key. And push the message in the ... |
While reading this page about Public-Private key encryption, I asked myself a question about digital signature:
Alice wants to sign a message for Bob; she uses her private key to sign the message. Bob receives it and uses Alice's public key to generate the signature and checks that it's the same as the one that Alice a... |
I've recently spotted that DVL (Damn Vulnerable Linux) has gone inactive. My first question is what happened to cause them to stop releasing it?
Secondly, I have found some references to other testing environments, but was curious if there was an official/unofficial replacement for DVL that provides a large test bed f... |
Some corporate applications are most useful when they are accessible from the internet. Outlook Web Access comes to mind.
Those application usually have a user directory (usually LDAP) in the corporate environment that serves other purposes, like desktop authentication or authentication to some other internal only serv... |
Currently we are using Teamviewer 9. We have a couple of desktop machines that are locked down in the following manner:
1). The shell is no longer explorer.exe, it is a custom program we have created.
2). The OS is Windows 7 embedded, latest version, latest security patches.
3). The user logs on one of two ways: Admin... |
About two weeks ago, I had to reply to an urgent email (gmail) on my Android phone with the Gmail app.
Unfortunately, my VPN client refused to work that day (Private Internet Access Android Client), so I had to risk it and connect to a public wifi hotspot at a restaurant to reply this email of mine.
Now, I have been bo... |
I stumbled upon an interview with "the grugq" in which he is talking about how hackers anonymize their traffic, i.e. hide their original ip address (- this is also what I will mean by "anonymizing" in what follows). He states that
The old idea was to have a lot of boxes in different countries so that
it was legally ... |
It's a conceptual question:
Suppose i want to separate NAT and firewall, can it help to my security?
INTERNET >>>> NAT >>>> Firewall >>> MyNetwork
|
I understand that CAs issue certificates based on common names (CNs) like www.amazon.com and that certs are not based on URLs like www.amazon.com/stuff.
How is it that when I go to www.amazon.com, it is not secured and when I press Log In, the connection is now SSL-secured? I could understand if the login link redirec... |
In older versions of Android, when connected via USB the default behaviour was "Charge Only". This allowed the device to charge via USB without exposing its file system to the device providing power, often a computer.
In newer versions, this security feature seems to be missing, introducing a vulnerability whereby the ... |
What are the top security concerns when setting up a PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) booting environment, ordered by severity of a possible exploitation?
Things that I thought of are (in no particular order):
Rogue DHCP takeover
Man-in-the-Middle attacks on the NBP load over TFTP
The question is meant to look at... |
I am trying to pentest a dummy website that has a form with a TEXTAREA input on one page.
When the form is submitted, the contents of the form are displayed on a second page.
However, the second page that receives the POST input, filters it to replace ", <, > and & with ", <, > and &.
The second page also... |
The django docs tell us that our AJAX scripts should acquire the token from the designated cookie as in get_cookie('_csrf_token'). Can I rather print it to the HTML source, so that it's available to the JS context more easily?
<script>
var TOKEN = "{{csrf_token}}";
</script>
<script src="myscript.js">
|
I am a novice to network security domain.
For one of our clients, we are trying propose a network model where an Apache proxy/web-server which will be the only one that is exposed into the DMZ(Demilitarized Zone) and application servers/DB will be inside the WAN. But the client is insisting on keeping an application s... |
I was looking through the OWASP XSS Filter Evasion Cheat Sheet, and there was one technique that was completely new to me:
& JavaScript includes
<BR SIZE="&{alert('XSS')}">
I tried out the following HTML:
<html>
<head>
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<br size="&{alert('1')}">
</body... |
I'm not into security and encryption at all, I'm just a Truecrypt user. So maybe it's a very noob-question, but I can't figure it out.
When I make a Truecrypt container, it will encrypt everything inside it. When I want to open the container, I open up Truecrypt, mount the file and type in my password.
Suppose my compu... |
If I re-install Windows, will it ensure that all types of malware/spywares/rootkits and any other malicious software are removed from my laptop?
|
Please if you cant answer this question, don't down vote it and the let others to discuss their opinions instead of closing it.
Yesterday I watched a collection of videos at YouTube for people who can hack a car which is parked 200 meter away from them, they can turn the car on/off and even use the benzene pedal or tu... |
Can I get "hacked" by a Tor node?
My computer is sending packets through the Tor nodes and receiving packets from them as well.
Can I be sure that there are no Tor nodes that manipulate the packets sent through them and could infect my computer with malware?
|
I know XSS is possible if the window.name is echoed onto the page, but from my understanding, this requires you to use an iFrame, but what if the page has clickjacking protection, stopping the page from being embedded in an iFrame? Is such an attack still possible? Here's example JQuery...
<script>
$("div").html(windo... |
I have a case at hand as follows:
There is a number of clients in Internet (i.e. untrusted channel), initially in hundreds but growing in numbers.
There is a server doing processing related to these clients. This relation is established prior to this elsewhere, say a web portal.
The clients should be able to connect t... |
I have a list of plaintext passwords that I would like to hash with various different hash algorithms (for educational purposes). As a minimum I would like to obtain hashes under MD5, SHA1, SHA256, (with and without salts), bcrypt, PBKDF2 and NTLM. Since hashcat supports all of these, I thought the simplest approach wo... |
Q: Suppose an attacker knows the max allowable character length, n, for a website's passwords. Would it be smart for them to attack passwords of length n BEFORE length n - k (where k is small portion of n)?
Q: Suppose a website has max allowable password character length 32. Would it then be smart for me to choose a pa... |
I understand why a hashing algorithm should be slow but is the method that makes it slow important to the strength of the hash? Everything I've read says that the algorithm should be computationally slow - hash the thing over thousands of iterations or concatenating it with huge strings to slow it down. This seems li... |
Suppose I have this scenario:
User --> Inputs License Key --> I validate it --> If success, good, move onto main window. If not, prompt the user to reenter the license key.
The license key will not have activation or hardware ID verification. Just basically enter key and pass or not.
I am wondering about few things whe... |
SHA-1 was standardized by the NSA. It appears to be possible to choose the constants in such a way that collisions can be derived easily. Yet, it is not easily possible to discover that the constants have been chosen in such a way.
Would it have been possible for the NSA to insert a backdoor into SHA-1 using this techn... |
I was playing with OWASP Mutillidae II and in one page I've found a vulnerability. In the address bar I've wrote something like this:
127.0.0.1/.../?page=text-file-viewer.php/"><script>alert("test");</script>
The alert box pops up, but I don't understand why? I know what happen if I put this code in an input form, bu... |
So I just learned about SSLStrip now--I feel like I'm so late to the game. What I want to know is: If your site only serves content over HTTPS and hard fails on HTTP requests, with no redirect, are you still vulnerable? Can an attacker intercept your HTTPS request and perform the request "on your behalf", so-to-speak, ... |
I hope this question fits this stackexchange:
From what I understand, IPSec takes care of encrypting everything above the IP layer (transport, application). Does that mean that if I open a socket between two applications for, say, a chat, that my chat is "secure"? (in the sense that no one can alter the data sent by M... |
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