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I've been reading about the definition of the sandbox pattern and reading one answer given here. In the idea of a real world sandbox, it wasn't made only to prevent the children from leaving it, but also to prevent unwanted visitors from entering it.
What is the name of the pattern for this second situation? Where the ... |
I am writing a program in Processing (which is basically java), that (amongst other things) downloads files from a FTP Server. To connect to the Server the program needs the correct FTP-password, which is currently saved as plain text in a String in the source code. The program should be given out to other people later... |
I am working on a persistence model for SSH Private keys. The technology used is Java. Since the persistence structure of the public and private keys is pretty similar and using some of the Java APIs like java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateCrtKey, I am able to derive the public keys.
So this makes me wonder if only per... |
what s the longterm security margin of of a winzip or Winrar file encrypted with aes-256 and a password consisting of 64 completely random characters set a-z 0-9 and other printable special characters)?
How long will such a file be safe against an enemy with a large GPU cluster?
My own calculation is that the possibl... |
We have a secure server that seems to only be sending over the identity certificate. Running the hostname through Qualys says that only 1 cert was provided. The intermediate had to be downloaded on the fly. This is not a problem for browsers but we have a custom app which uses an SSL library to connect to these servers... |
So i have a https login page with standard username and password inputs. I put in simple xss test such as,
alert(‘XSS attack’)
the page displays a "credentials you have supplied are incorrect" warning. I dont get a pop up window but the whole line is reflected in html code. Is this still xss or?
|
Hello I am considering installing owasp mod_security crs on an ubuntu 12.04.4 which comes with apache 2.2.22. On the github page I have seen many version's but all tutorials were using 2.2.7
First I figured it's because the posts are using the available version at the time of writing .
Is there any caveat using versio... |
I find it very strange that bank use service like SiteKey without user-agent identification. This still makes them very vulnerable to MitM attack which is exactly what they are trying to protect against with this technique.
How a man in the middle attack works against an online bank. The user
communicates with the t... |
I need to pass an IP to a PHP page, and it would be convenient to be able to use GET, but I know that's sort of asking for trouble, so I want to triple-check that I'm handling it securely.
if(!filter_var($_GET["ip"], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)) {
echo "Invalid IP.";
die();
}
$ip = (string)$_GET["ip"];
Is this secur... |
I have a very simple app that does allow unauthenticated users to leave comments (maybe later I will incorporate a capatcha). The app then stores the comments in a mysql db. I do my best to filter out special characters but I do not think that is the best approach. What is the best approach to guard against SQL-Injecti... |
With CAcert.org losing trust in browsers and OSs and StartSSL providing only top-level domain certificates, are there any free SSL certificates providers for second-level domains?
|
Identity Providers (IdP) often provide a metadata file that is used when setting up SAML. This file needs to be entered into a Service Provider (SP). Do we need to keep this metadata file private and secure? Or is the information within it all safe to make public? I'm curious when setting up a service provider what lev... |
I’m not a security expert.
I wasn't sure if I should post this question here or in "exploit".
I have searched for answers before posting....
Could anyone tell me how I can determine if emails are being sent from a particular computer?
The situation is this. A friend of mine is getting prank or “bogus” email messages.... |
When Symmetrically encrypting a file, (not signing, not an asymmetric encryption question), is it possible to conceal the encryption algorithm used, or is it already concealed, but just showing on systems as a result of being cached somehow?
Analogy: When signing an encrypted file, it is possible to conceal the recipi... |
I'm creating a website that only allows nonprofits and government organizations (parks, etc) to sign up and post service project listings. The accounts posting the listings must be verified to protect the safety of the volunteers who want to go do the service projects.
All nonprofits have an EIN that can be confirmed u... |
I was always concerned about the model of trust behind CA stuff we use . Well, for most of us, it is OK to trust them, since they are reliable organizations with a bunch of solid experience. Browsers trust hundreds of CA and their subCAs, and I don't know any CA center that is under international jurisdiction(if you ... |
X has some serious security problems, not the least of which is that any program using a given display can log keystrokes from any other program on that display. (This can be demonstrated easily using xinput.)
Is there any way to mitigate this within a single X display, without losing essential things like shared clipb... |
Are input fields that don’t have name attributes susceptible to MITM attacks (w/o SSL) or any other attack?
For example:
<form action="" method="post">
<label for="credit_card_number"><input id="credit_card_number" type="text" value="4111111111111111"></label>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
What... |
Is Google hangouts encrypted? Would my work's IT guys be able see pictures and text I send while on a work computer? Yes I know I shouldn't be sending stuff I don't want them to see while at work, but it wasn't at work. I use hangouts on my phone as well and just realized I use the hangouts Chrome plug-in at work and i... |
I don't know where to start in searching the forum for existing threads that might cover my issues.
I recently received a spoof email pretending to be from a client for whom I've just started to do some basic SEO and content work.
The email directed me to a problem URL on the site:
http://clientdomainname.com/%E2%80%8E... |
Lantern is an app to avoid censorship. It is hosted at getlantern.org.
I just noticed that the cloud server my client is using is actually roundrobin.getiantern.org
Notice the i in getiantern instead of getlantern.
They look extremely similar with the app's font, I had to look very closely to see the difference.
Shoul... |
Hi I am trying to get Kismac working.
I downloaded the r407 version from here (http://trac.kismac-ng.org/wiki/Downloads) but when I scan for networks I get a never ending sceen saying "Loading Apple Extreme card, passive mode".
When I try to use the other versions, I can scan the network but I get not packets with the ... |
Are there any studies regarding the security of PDF viewer software from different vendors? I try to find the most secure reader.
|
I have a server which has multiple NICs (ignoring redundant pairs):
'inward' facing production (connects to other servers);
'outward' external facing production (connects out to the internet via a DMZ),
'outward' internal facing production (connects to internal users including application admins); and
management NIC t... |
I have some data in column of table of mysql database in the encrypted form applied with SHA-256. How to decrypt that data using Java?
I stuck at this since 4 days.
Please spend 5 minutes of your valuable time to provide code snippet to decrypt that code.
|
I am looking for sample test cases for all 10 vulnerabilities to exploit those scenarios. I would highly appreciate if any one share or share the link for test cases for a web application with all 10 vulnerabilities or any OWASP vulnerability?
|
I have the following question regarding the decryption of SSL traffic.
The topology that I have in mind is like this:
User-------MitM Proxy--------WebServer
In the environment described earlier there is already a commercial proxy which is doing a man in the middle attack by replacing the original SSL certificate of th... |
I have a memory dump. I know it is infected by a rootkit which uses its own file system installed at the end of the disk. Can there be any artifacts in dmp file to show this?
|
Some days ago I noticed that YouTube knows the videos I watched even though I deleted my cookies. I also was not using a YouTube-account. When I noticed I used IE 11. After some research I found out that YouTube uses zombie cookies. For those who don't know: zombie cookies are cookies that don't get deleted if you use ... |
I have heard that with forward secrecy that the ECDSA ciphers generate different keys for "each session" because they are not dependent on the private key of the server. My question is how is "each session" defined? Does this different key approach mean it happens with each consecutive/different SSL connection to say t... |
Symantec recently made a loud statement that antivirus is dead (http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303417104579542140235850578-lMyQjAxMTA0MDAwNTEwNDUyWj ) and that they don’t really consider it to be a source of profit. Some companies said the same afterwards; some other suggested that Symantec ju... |
I have some questions about squid proxies, we set a squid proxy server to block certain web sites for users. and some users only can access one website that related to our work.but after install some VPN software it can bypass squid proxy server. and access all web sites that blocked by squid how this happen ?
i don'... |
I will be traveling abroad for several weeks on a business trip as a consultant.
I will carry a laptop with an IDE and all the necessary source code so I can make changes on site (which is the purpose of this trip). The boss is very worried about the source code being stolen.
I have put forward the idea of filling the ... |
I would like to know how can I analyse an obfuscated malware php code ?
I heard about cuckoo sandbox, but it seems too overwhelming for this particular task.
So I decided to run a Vagrant box, install php-cli, tcpdump, ... run the php code and look for connections with tcpdump for example ...
What would you do in such ... |
In normal asymmetric crpyto like RSA, if Alice encrypts something using her private key, Bob can decrypt it using Alice's public key. Is the same possible in Identity-Based Cryptography, where the public key is usually the user's email address?
So if Alice encrypts something using her private key, can Bob decrypt it us... |
I am interested in drive-by download attacks. For the moment, the oldest article I found on internet treating about it is this one.
Does someone know when first the expression drive-by download attack was used ? And what was the first successful attack ever performed ?
|
Imaging the following pseudo-code:
h = hash(sha512)
h.input(password)
h.input(message)
send h, message to client
If the user has the hash and the message, and the only missing variable is the password, then why can't you reverse engineer the password without brute forcing it? Math has taught me that if you have two o... |
I'm looking for an open source security dashboard that gives a basic overview of security warnings. Google has pointed me in a few directions but nothing promising. I need something to deal w/ selinux alerts, mod_security violations and hopefully have an api that can send/create new alerts to display (i think i might b... |
Hopefully this question is deemed acceptable for this area of stackexchange. if not let me know what other site to use.
Anyways i'm seeking advice on how you try to eliminate spam in your daily lives. What i've done up to this point is just a total pain and i'm about to give up. I own my own domain. I essential have... |
Is a printer SSL cert really necessary if you just print? I don't use https for any administration; just http. I got a vulnerability saying that my cert was out of date.
|
I am using volatility recently and I noticed that it uses kdbgscan command, that is about kernel debugger block.
Can someone explain in plain words what is it and why are we using it?
|
I understand that digital signatures are usually implemented by encrypting a message digest with a private key, decrypting the resulting signature with a public key, and verifying that the message digest matches the message. This seems to be a normal application of an asymmetric encryption algorithm rather than a diffe... |
Im courious to know about how these large enterprises secure their linux desktop as Google does with ubuntu LTS. I am the only user at home with linux on the desktop and had already created some iptables incoming rules and that all. I want to copy some of those methods for my own desktop. How do they configure the foll... |
I recently installed Guest Additions in my Windows 7 Virtual Machine because I could not stand working without widescreen and high resolution.
I have read somewhere that this could be a possible vulnerability that an attacker could use to enter the host system but I guess this risk I will take.
I am wondering if I impo... |
How can i wipe RAM completeley before or during the shutdown process of Windows 7?
I tried several programs and a script but later i noticed that all those options only claim to free unused RAM space.
|
Suppose that we have a process that generates passwords with entropy E.
I'd like to compute the average time it would take for a brute-force attack to crack an MD5-hashed instance of such a password.
From the entropy E (in bits), I can compute the total number N = 2E of candidate passwords in the universe from which a ... |
I am reading about OPENVPN and I am a little bit confused. In the OPENVPN howto website, there is a step by step setup guide for generating certificates and diffie-hellman (DH) params. However, I cant see why the certificates are used in conjunction with DH.
I think about this in the following way: The certificates and... |
I hope this is in the right place, don't know where else to ask.
I would like to automatically send a download link to people that directly downloads an executable. The executable is a verified and safe file. People will request this email with the download link themselves. Will I risk compromising the integrity of th... |
So I am running pentest on a device running Win7 and admin user set group policy to disable all mass storage devices and all usb's.
I have access to local user without privs.
Although my usb stick wont work and group policy rules wont let me my USB flash, USB modem or anything but my iPhone works as a USB storage devi... |
Recently I saw something new (at least for me) in log file [% tools.ua.random() %] as below:
199.246.2.10 - - [21/Aug/2014:13:25:15 +0545] "POST /wp-login.php HTTP/1.1" 200 2809 "http://mywebsite.com/wp-login.php" "[% tools.ua.random() %]"
64.34.173.227 - - [21/Aug/2014:13:25:32 +0545] "POST /wp-login.php HTTP/1.1" 200... |
In my home pentest lab I though it would be interesting to try this scenario and see if it works:
I have 2 computers and 1 AP, computer A is authenticated to the access point with WPA2 and computer B wants to run a MiTM attack on computer A by making it connect to a fake network. But, computer Bs antenna is not as powe... |
Due recent breaches that have occurred using weak remote access application passwords. I would like to setup my own honey pot on a windows machine to study their malicious intents. This is pretty easy I will install RDP, VNC and other such like applications and put a weak password.
The second objective of the study
I w... |
I am trying to set up a CA for my company, and issuing every employee a digital certificate and a private key. I am worrying about revocation and expiration.
In my case, the root certificate of CA is used to verify client identities, id est user must present a valid certificate and private key to access specific web pa... |
Lately I've been doing the trend of using passwords that are sentences, at least on sites that have a reasonable maximum character length and allow spaces. So for example the most basic variation is 'This is my password.', or 'This is my <insert website here> password.' It seemed rather silly to memorize a group of ran... |
Often it occurs that when bulk uploading files somewhere, the author forgets that some of the files are being open by Vim and uploads their swap files as well. Can this leak some sensitive information, perhaps about the author's machine or network?
|
my wordpress site suddenly be hacked via wp-config.php. I have never known this type of attack. When i scan my site, wpscan warn against this errors:
How can i protect my site from this attack? Help, please!
Thank in advance!
|
In the context of the following statement what is meant by context-dependent attacker?
The MySQL Client contains an overflow condition in client/mysql.cc. The issue is triggered as user-supplied input is not properly validated when handling server versions. This may allow a context-dependent attacker to cause a buffer... |
If you were in charge of web application security and needed vulnerability scanner and had option between static code or dynamic code analysis which one would you prefer? (Of course, I realize, having both is the best answer) Also the scanners are just as good as their rule engines go. But as far as I have seen there a... |
I am talking about the PHP 5.3.3 package that is available in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux repository, running on Apache. From what I can see, as of RHEL 6, it is the latest version (no updates available). I assume security patches are backported, so my question is, with all other things being equal: Is this package ... |
Are there known techniques to obfuscate IDS rules, so they can't be easily used by attackers to reverse-engineer the vulnerability that they detect?
Let me provide some context. Sometimes IDS vendors become aware of a zero-day vulnerability (one that has not yet been publicly disclosed). In that situation, one can cr... |
I have been asking myself for a while what's the purpose of that popup showing up in pretty much all the modern browsers upon entering the full-screen mode of a video or website.
It appears to be a security measure against some sort of potential threats, but what is it about exactly? Which attack scenarios could be car... |
Is there any way in which you can stop a DDoS attack(or any measure that you can take), if the packets sent by the attacker look like normal traffic?
I got the question on an interview (how would you block a DDoS attack if the malicious traffic looks like the normal traffic?) and I didn't knew how to answer.
Thank you ... |
So, I have this strange list of rundll32.exe
There are quite a lot of rows of it (see attached image) when I open the process tab in my task manager
I've already read the link here: Multiple running instances of rundll32.exe
The patterns appeared to be in the cmd line column
rundll32.exe mhunkw.dme,
For example, in m... |
I want to get a VPN with one of the known providers. I don't know much about VPNs but I know they issue certificates which you download and it authenticates the connection and basically gives access. I have some questions though.
When you download the VPN certificates, even though they're being downloaded through HTTP... |
For example, if a user is receiving a denial of service attack, with huge amounts of packets being sent to him to disrupt his service, will the ISP notice and stop the offending traffic?
Another example, if someone has an internet-facing VNC server and a bad guy is trying to bruteforce the password with tons of login ... |
To get rid of LM hashes in local SAM databases, one can rely on the famous NoLMHash domain GPO, which instructs clients not to store password hashes with the LM algorithm locally ("Do not store LAN Manager hash value on next password change").
However, as the policy's label clearly mentions, it has no immediate effect ... |
Recently Google has indicated that a HTTPS certificate will be used as a positive signal in it's search rankings.
This has caused some discussion within our company as to if we should apply a HTTPS certificate to our new site.
However, our site contains no login details, does not carry user data, and is effectively sta... |
I'm a little confused about something I am reading in Bulletproof SSL.
"TLS 1.2 is the only protocol that allows suites to define their PRFs. This means that for
the suites defined before TLS 1.2 the negotiated protocol version dictates the PRF. For
example, the TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA suite uses a PRF based on H... |
I found this piece of code hosted on my website I'm sure it's a malware.
Any have an idea what this script does or how to deobfuscate?
<?php
$nkIL3_='Hn'&~hTzup;$TTCpX='HEr@D@(DEi&'|'HD"AN`(T$I.';$fGZGQD2=l5fg.'{3Ht&d~'&'|,'./*'.
'gri*/Nenwkf.'|3n';$u4avG3='K|P'^".<t";$n9s='om|wo~'&'om}e~~';$cX8W='O]P'^#gg_'.
'... |
During a security audit, our client found that we are sending to the client a cookie called 'x-oracle-dms-ecid'. They asked to disable it or change its name. We have been reading all the Oracle documentation available, but we couldn't find any useful reference.
So my questions are:
How can this cookie be changed or di... |
In an example scenario consider that;
I am a customer of organisation and I have two separate accounts with two different departments X and Y.
I can login in to each department's website by using user id and password that is unique for each department.
To update my personal details in any deprtment, I have to call t... |
I recently tried to use Fiddler2 from a third-party vendor Telerik. While decrypting the HTTPS traffic of my network, it asked me to install its own root certificate in my Windows operating system:
Take a look at the below screenshot:
Is it safe to trust these kind of root certificates? What are the preventive measure... |
Do I have to keep the revocation certificate of my OpenPGP key in a safe place or may I place it in e.g. Dropbox to have it ready on all my machines?
I know that, if compromised, the certificate can be used by anyone to revoke my key. I am just assuming my Dropbox/whatever place is reasonably secure from unallowed acce... |
I have a key pair stored in GPG Keyring. If I export it to an ASCII Armored format, am I removing any layers of security as long as the exported key stays on the same server as the key ring itself? My private key is still secured by a passphrase even after export.
For someone who breaks into my server is it equally eas... |
Below is the hash function implementation of the roguewave library. It returns a 32 bit hash. The core operation is A = B ^ ((C << 5) | (C >> 27)). Is this hash safe to use as a password check or is it possible to retrieve all used B's by reversing it?
const unsigned RW_HASH_SHIFT = 5;
inline static void mash(unsigne... |
Before I start, all information will go over HTTPS.
So, my website is basically like a forum with the authentication part finished and working. This forum has a real time chat application that sends and receives information from a Node.js server. I want people to only be able to send information if logged in, and only ... |
Is Information Security field and Data Security field same? If not then,
What is the basic difference between "Information" and "Data" in security field?
Is Data Security a sub-category of Information Security?
Is Data Security field limited at some sectors only? ---if yes then what are they?
|
Would it be possible for a user of a 3rd party VNC software package and email client to obfusicate/spoof their location, so that an employer would be unable to determine the location from which the user is working remotely? Could one potentially set up a home server to pass connections through - so as to appear to be ... |
I am really confused of what CSRF is. I know it stands for Cross-site request forgery. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csrf
When you read it here it talks about cross site request forgery attack. But sometimes people use it to refer to the randomized string or token generated by server to make sure each request is from co... |
Today there is news about smartphone OS (Android, Windows and iOS) security hole using which some researchers have found a way to literally read all user activity from mobile screen. This is one of the articles giving the news.
The article also notes that this is security hole is because of how shared memory works. But... |
There is a OpenBSD (64bit; 5.5) server having nginx (HTTP/HTTPS) and SMTP (OpenSMTP).
Question: What are the best practices to detect suspicious activity? Are there any scripts that shows interesting activity from the logs or somewhere? Attacks, DDOS, any abnormal activity?
Example for detecting IP addresses that co... |
I recently learned that every packet includes checksum bytes and that the computer will request the packet again if the checksums don't match. How do the following attacks defeat such a safeguard?
ARP Spoofing - I assume that this is able to take place because the attacker is not actually modifying the packet contents,... |
I am new to security and encryption. I want to store important information like passwords and pin codes so I don't forget them. So far I have been using LastPass but I would prefer a solution I control my self. From reading a lot on the net it seems to me that 7-zip with AES 256 encryption is the way to go.
But what ab... |
I have a laptop with processor intel core i7 with turbo boost up to 2:7 ghz 8gb rams and gpu NVIDIA GeForce GT 740M (2 GB DDR3 dedicated) i want to know in approximation how fast ( in word/sec) can this computer crack a wpa password in bruteforce attack using airecrack-ng tools before i get linux kali and try cracking ... |
I'm setting up a Mac laptop for my wife. Mine has a ridiculously strong password, but she finds this annoying.
If I give her a (relatively) weak password for convenience, what risks am I taking?
A couple I can think of:
An attacker in person guessing or brute forcing it (unlikely)
An attacker brute forcing and getting... |
I am struggling trying to understand use after free vulnerabilities, can someone explain it for me with C language source code, and how it can be used to write to arbitary memory location or to cause code execution
|
I have just finished building a CMS targeted at a certain industry and built a test site to see how everything works. I wrote a program to check for SQL injection vulnerabilities and the program followed a blog link to an external website.
The program discovered that the external site had a massive vulnerability that l... |
Yesterday my friends Samsung Galaxy S3 was stolen. We have found the perpetrator but cannot yet prove anything. He is uploading photos to social media via the phone. Is there any chance to download and analyze the photo by some means to see from what device it was shot? What can we do in a circumstance such as this? Th... |
From my understanding this is how WPA2 works for home networks:
PSK (Pre-Shared Key) is used to generate PMK (Pairwise Master Key), which is used together with ANonce (AP Nonce) to create PTK (Pairwise Transient Key).
PTK is devided into KCK (Key Confirmation Key, 128 bit), KEK (Key Encryption Key, 128 bit) and TEK ... |
I am wondering if there is any list I could access to find TeamViewer ID's, as the police are not being helpful about this.
|
Is there any reliable data available based on which the Global Market Size of Virtual Pen Testing Labs ( or Cyber Ranges ) can be ascertained ?
If NOT , is it possible to calculate it ?
|
I've seen an application recently that used the Diffie Hellman algorithm. It is not a Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman implementation, but rather a Diffie Hellman one. After the secret keys have been calculated, the client then sends a SHA-512 hash of the key to the server when the server asks for it. The only reason I can thi... |
Today, early in the morning. My dedicated server was slowing because there was numerous requests coming.
One error I remember is some message from MYSQL, it said something similar to, max_number_of_connections exceeded.
It felt weird because the site I'm working on isn't launched yet, this huge traffic was just unreas... |
What is the risk, man-in-the-middle or otherwise, of unencrypted connections between 2 people who use the same ISP, in the same city? If we assume the ISP (and the copper wire that leads to them) is secure, is there a fairly limited risk level? (excluding government surveillance, NSA, etc.)
|
According to https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255:
Google may block sign in attempts from some apps or devices that do not use modern security standards. Since these apps and devices are easier to break into, blocking them helps keep your account safer.
What are those "modern security standards" and wh... |
I am enrolling myself into a college. College provides a Public WiFi Access Point, to access internet through its network, which is unencrypted (No password). As being a programmer for last one and a half years, I know of some common attacks that any noob will want to try on public network (Packet sniffing using wiresh... |
I was doing some cross-origin requests to Soundcloud's oEmbed and I noticed some strange behaviour.
When doing a request from my localhost, which is on a regular HTTP connection, everything worked fine. However, when the code got pushed on our HTTPS test server, I got the following error from my browser:
[blocked] Th... |
I get a lot of logs saying someone is trying to reach
/sign_in?t=login'+union+select+char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33),char(38,126,33)+--+
now, /sign_in?t=login is a valid url. the rest is the ... |
Changes made to system proposed in Two-factor authentication Without Mobile Phone:
In previous system, shoulder surfing would reveal the user’s pre-decided image. In the current system, end image does not reveal any useful information. The user’s start image and path cannot be backtracked from the end image, since the... |
Im building an app which should receive data from my server. The Api should be a PHP based script which provides the data as JSON.
However I want to keep the data private and it should only be accessible by the app itself.
How can I prevent others from reengineering my app and find a way to access the API?
I thought ab... |
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