instruction stringlengths 15 21.8k |
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Why do dehydrohalogenation reactions mostly follow the E2 mechanism? Doesn't the base play a role in deciding whether a particular reaction will follow E1 or E2? For eg, a strong base would favor e2 and a weak one would favor E1. In fact, if dehydrohalogenation reactions follow the E1 mech, a carbocation would be forme... |
Oh! This problem has been bugging me for a long time. According to Wikipedia, the Compressibility factor $Z$ is defined as the ratio of the volume occupied by a real gas to the volume occupied by an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure.
$$Z=\frac{V_{real}}{V_{ideal}} \text{ ........(1)} $$
... |
My sir told me that orbital is the probability distribution data of the electron around nucleus which is amplitude data in a way.
Whereas in my book it says that it the space occupied by the electron around the nucleus of an atom where the probability of finding an electron is the maximum .
Both the things mean diffe... |
What does orbital mean exactly? |
My sir told me that orbital is the probability distribution data of the electron around nucleus which is amplitude data in a way.
Whereas in my book it says that it the space occupied by the electron around the nucleus of an atom where the probability of finding an electron is the maximum .
Also, it says in my book t... |
When BaO2 reacts with HClO, the question tells us that that oxygen, barium chloride and one other product is formed.
The equation I came up with is:
BaO2 + 2HClO --> BaCl2 + 2O2 + 2H2
The equation given, however, is:
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
Why is H2O produced and not H2? More importan... |
When $\ce{BaO2}$ reacts with $\ce{HClO},$ the question tells us that that oxygen, barium chloride and one other product is formed.
The equation I came up with is
$$\ce{BaO2 + 2 HClO -> BaCl2 + 2 O2 + 2 H2}\tag{R1}$$
The equation given, however, is
$$\ce{BaO2 + 2 HClO -> BaCl2 + 1 1/2 O2 + H2O}\tag{R2}$$
... |
It sounds to me like your confusion is why these two definitions are describing the same thing. I will attempt to clarify that. My interpretations/slight rephrasings of these definitions are
1. A probability distribution of an electron around a nucleus.
2. A space occupied by the electron, where the probability... |
According to [IUPAC][1] a photochemical reaction is a reaction caused by absorption of light. I still can't understand how we should consider light as a part of a reaction. Is a catalyst or a reactant?
In some reactions there is the $hν$ notation above the reaction arrow. For example we may have the following reac... |
My sir told me that orbital is the probability distribution data of the electron around nucleus which is amplitude data in a way.
An example of how my sir actually told what it means :[![enter image description here][1]][1]
This image shows that you know 3 possibles for a coin to get HEAD and TAIL. Therefore this tab... |
My teacher told me that orbital is the probability distribution data of the electron around nucleus which is amplitude data in a way.
An example of how my teacher actually told what it means :[![enter image description here][1]][1]
This image shows that you know 3 possibles for a coin to get HEAD and TAIL. Theref... |
Is Aluminium oxide solution amphoteric due to aluminium's electronegativity being in between 1.5 and 2.1.
If so why?
I believe it is because a AL-O-H molecule is made and it can either disassociate into a aluminium cation and a hydroxide, or a aluminium oxide anion and a proton. In this case the Al-O-H disassociate... |
Why is aluminium oxide solution amphoteric? |
It is neither reactant nor catalyst, and equilibrium concepts do not apply
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are processes other than photochemistry that to go in a direction away from equilibrium. They require mechanical or electrical work, and there is no established... |
My teacher told me that orbital is the probability distribution data of the electron around nucleus which is amplitude data in a way.
An example of how my teacher actually told what it means involves that you know three possibilities for a coin flip to get head and tail. Therefore, this table is what my teacher says... |
What does orbital mean, exactly? |
Your reasoning is correct. Perhaps the answer key is mistaken.
For part (a), in the reaction
$$\ce{NH3 + H2O <=> NH4+ + OH-}$$
water is donating a proton $(\ce{H+}$ ion) and hence is behaving as a Brønsted acid. Since all Brønsted acids are Lewis acids, water is behaving as a Lewis acid.
For part (d) as w... |
My teacher told me that orbital is the probability distribution data of the electron around nucleus which is amplitude data in a way.
An example of how my teacher actually told what it means involves that you know three possibilities for a coin flip to get head and tail. Therefore, this table is what my teacher says... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
I have a reaction where a gas at high pressure and a solution with all kinds of species is involved. How do I take pressure correctly into account to get reasonable values for $G$?
Do I calculate thermochemical corrections at the given temperature and pressure (frequency calculations) and then add additional correct... |
Why does chewing gum get hardened after drinking water? This is a basic question, but please don't say temperature change, because I've tried that, and it never gets back to same elasticity. There must be some other chemistry at work. Even with lukewarm water or room temperature water it gets substantially harder. |
Why does chewing gum get hardened after drinking water? |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
**[Linear saturated dicarboxylic acids][1]**
$n$ = number of $\ce{-CH_2}-$ groups in chain
n pKa1 pKa2 Ka1/Ka2
0 Oxalic acid 1.25 4.14 776
1 Malonic acid 2.83 5.69 724
2 Succinic acid 4.21 5.41 15.8
3 ... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
What is the most complicated gradient field possible in an NMR probe? |
I'm searching for an audio file of the ringing of a ringing gel - does anyone know a source?
(I already searched on different video- and sound-platforms and looked up in the literature) |
## tldr; it's very difficult to determine consistent additive ionic radii
For various reasons, I've gone back to look at ***covalent*** radii recently (e.g., for estimating bond lengths).
In that case, there seem to be fairly useful recent work, e.g. by Pekka Pyykkö:
"Additive Covalent Radii for Single-, Double-... |
Aromatic aldehydes do not give Fehling's test, which makes me believe that for the same reason acrolein should not. It has a double bond conjugated with the carbon-oxygen double bond as in benzaldehyde. Is my assumption correct? Or is extended conjugation a factor?
----------
Glyoxal(CHO-CHO) and Glyoxalic acid(C... |
I would consider photons to act like chemicals in reactions. The difference is that although they have to obey conservation of energy and linear and angular momentum, their number is not conserved so we can't balance a chemical equation by counting photons. It should be obvious that they can be absorbed by molecules an... |
I used to understand this (more molecules ⇒ more degrees of freedom), but do no longer, because the total number of atoms is conserved, so translational d.o.f. should just be turned into internal d.o.f.
(at least considering only those reactions in which that is the case, no particle creation or annihilation).
E... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
How is o-Fluorophenol more acidic than phenol even after having Hydrogen bonding? |
We start with compound M:
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[Please imagine green bonds as dotted bonds going into the plane]
From compound M, we are told that the 3 membered ring is opened u using sodium azide yielding a mix of isomers N and O.
I drew the following:
[![enter image description her... |
How can a nonlinear field gradient be generated in NMR? |
In [this YouTube video][1] it's argued that:
- Solids have constant volume, and constant shape
- Liquids have constant volume, but flexible shape
- Gases have flexible volume, and flexible shape (in fact they don't have volume and shape at all)
So, this table came to my mind:
[![enter image description here... |
What is the phase of matter that has flexible volume, but constant shape? |
Entropy change is defined as $\Delta S = \int \frac{\delta Q_{rev}}{T} $, where $Q_{rev}$ is heat transferred through a reversible process. I’m a little confused how this works, so I have a couple of related questions which I hope will clarify what’s going on.
1. If a reversible process is defined as $\Delta S = ... |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
I know that according to Brönsted-Lowry theory, a base is a proton acceptor while an acid is a proton donor. Also, the acid-base pair that differs by a single proton is a conjugate pair.
If this is true, then the sodium ion is a conjugate acid of sodium hydroxide. But if we look at $\ce{Na^+}$ itself, we find that i... |
Is the sodium ion a Brönsted-Lowry acid? |
Is sodium aquo complex a Brönsted-Lowry acid? |
Considering the IUPAC rules state that you cannot extend the main chain and that carbon can only have 4 bonds, there is only one way to have two methyl groups on a but-2-ene. Therefore, why do we still keep the '2,3'? |
Why can't we say Dimethylbut-2-ene? |
In [this YouTube video][1] it argued that:
- Solids have constant volume, and constant shape
- Liquids have constant volume, but flexible shape
- Gases have flexible volume, and flexible shape (in fact they don't have volume and shape at all)
So, this table came to my mind:
[![enter image description here][2]... |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
On the surface, this looks like a silly question, but I honestly can't find an answer for it.
Here's what I've found:
* The dataset was introduced in Ramakrishnan R., Dral P. *et al.*, “Quantum chemistry structures and properties of 134 kilo molecules”. Scientific Data 1 (2014). doi: [10.1038/sdata.2014.22][1]. Thi... |
Who named the QM7 and QM9 datasets? |
I need to measure out 70 ml of liquid.
I have a 10 ml measuring cylinder with a maximum uncertainty of 0.1 ml and a 100 ml measuring cylinder with a maximum uncertainty of 1 ml.
I've calculated that using the 10 ml cylinder 7 times would give a 0.7 maximum uncertainty, or a 0.7/70=1% percentage uncertainty. Meanw... |
Is it better to use a smaller, more accurate measuring cylinder several times or a larger, less accurate one for the same volume? |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
Keep in mind that a graduated cylinder is never meant for accurate volume transfer. You would probably use a Class-A 100 mL buret to transfer 70 mL to a vessel if accuracy were that critical say, 70.0 mL was desired. All these general chemistry rules of thumbs are not useful for real analytical work. Experimental numb... |
Avogadro constant in the "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
| Edition | Years(s) | page | value | CODATA? |
|---------|-----------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
| 1 [(Link)](https://books.google.com/books?id=07AHIEp6vYQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false) | 1913 | -- ... |
It is neither reactant nor catalyst, and equilibrium concepts do not apply
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are processes other than photochemistry that to go in a direction away from equilibrium. They require mechanical or electrical work, and there is no established... |
Background: BPA and BPS (Bisphenol A/S) are artificial estrogens and therefore toxic chemicals for us. They are used in the costing of thermal paper. Thermal paper is used to print in-store receipts. There is a growing demand for thermal paper that is FREE of BPA and BPS for the health and safety of the public.
Ques... |
According to [IUPAC][1] a photochemical reaction is a reaction caused by absorption of light. I still can't understand how we should consider light as a part of a reaction. Is a catalyst or a reactant?
In some reactions there is the $hν$ notation above the reaction arrow. For example we may have the following reac... |
Keep in mind that a graduated cylinder is never meant for accurate volume transfer. You would probably use a Class-A 100 mL buret to transfer 70 mL to a vessel if accuracy were that critical say, 70.0 mL was desired. All these general chemistry rules of thumbs are not useful for real analytical work. Experimental numb... |
I would consider photons to act like chemicals in reactions. The difference is that although they have to obey conservation of energy and linear and angular momentum, their number is not conserved so we can't balance a chemical equation by counting photons. It should be obvious that they can be absorbed by molecules an... |
While studying enthalpy $H=U+PV$ and its changes, I realized I am not clear on the following: chemical reactions happen with the **external** pressure being constant and equal to the atmospheric pressure $P_{atmos}$. But, in general, the system's internal pressure $P_{gas}$ would seem to be different from $P_{atmos}$ a... |
Do most chemical reactions happen at constant pressure? |
There is a mathematical argumentative approach called *reductio ad absurdum*...i.e., bring your own logical reasoning to the point where the result is an absurd statement if you accepted the original statement as true. In this case you can accept that there is a phase which can change its volume but keeps it geometrica... |
I plan on making a very simple cleaning solution to clean metal contacts on PCB boards. It cannot contain anything that is flammable or hazardous so I've come up with the solution below.
- Distilled Water ~92%
- Ethoxylated Alcohol (CAS 68439‐46‐3) ~5% "surfactant"
- Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate (CAS 51981-2... |
How do I calculate the amount of preservatives one would need for a cleaning solution? |
### Problem
> $$
\begin{align}
\ce{Cr(OH)3(s) &<=> Cr^3+(aq) + 3 OH-(aq)} &\quad K_\mathrm{sp} &= \pu{6.7E-31} \\
\ce{Cr^3+(aq) + 4 OH-(aq) &<=> Cr(OH)4-(aq)} &\quad K_\mathrm{f} &= \pu{8E29}
\end{align}
$$
>
> The solubility of $\ce{Cr(OH)3}$ in pure water is $\pu{1.3E-8 M}.$
>The solubility of $\ce{Cr(OH)3... |
I was solving problems related to Carbonyls. The question was "What would be the product formed after the reduction of this compound using NaBH4".
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/jdIxm.png
(This is an isomer of Glutaric Anhydride)
I thought that NaBH4 will reduce t... |
Why NaBH4 Don't reduce this keto group? |
As the boiling point is a colligative property, one would expect that the boiling point of sugarcane juice should be higher than pure water because Sugarcane juice contains water (75–85%), non-reducing sugars (10–21%), reducing sugars (0.3–3%), organic substances (0.5–1%), inorganic substances (0.2–0.6%) and nitrogen... |
Why is the boiling point of sugarcane juice lower than the boiling point of water? |
Consider the dehydration of the following molecule with conc.$\ce{H2SO4}$ at $443 \text K$:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/dopnV.png" height="150">
The possible products are:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M0nmy.png" height="150"> <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/stARr.png" height="150">
The fi... |
Consider the dehydration of the following molecule with conc.$\ce{H2SO4}$ at $443 \text K$:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/dopnV.png" height="150">
The possible products are:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M0nmy.png" height="150"> <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/stARr.png" height="150">
The fi... |
Consider the dehydration of the following molecule with conc.$\ce{H2SO4}$ at $443 \text K$:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/unhsS.png" height="150">
The possible products are:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M0nmy.png" height="150"> <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/stARr.png" height="150">
The fi... |
I was solving problems related to Carbonyls. The question was:
> What would be the product formed after the reduction of this compound
> using $\ce{NaBH4}$?
>
> [![enter image description here][1]][1]
>
> (This is an isomer of Glutaric Anhydride)
I thought that $\ce{NaBH4}$ will reduce the keto group (not ... |
Why NaBH4 don't reduce this keto group? |
Most producers/suppliers have recommendations for concentration ranges of their products. If you can´t get it directly, it is often possible to find the information on their websites (e.g. Schülke or BASF).
The ranges are typically around 0,1% - 0,5%, but different products are often mixtures of different preservativ... |
Consider the dehydration of the following molecule with conc.$\ce{H2SO4}$ at $443 \text K$:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/unhsS.png" height="150">
The possible products are:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M0nmy.png" height="150"> <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/stARr.png" height="150">
The fi... |
As the boiling point is a colligative property, one would expect that the boiling point of sugarcane juice should be higher than pure water because Sugarcane juice contains water (75–85%), non-reducing sugars (10–21%), reducing sugars (0.3–3%), organic substances (0.5–1%), inorganic substances (0.2–0.6%) and nitrogen... |
Electrolysis occurs when a non-spontaneous redox reaction occurs when electrical energy is put into it. An electrochemical cell functions by using two redox reactions to facilitate movement of electrons. So for an alkaline battery, the zinc anode will oxidize and release electrons, which will flow through the circuit t... |
Electrolysis occurs when a non-spontaneous redox reaction occurs when electrical energy is put into it. An electrochemical cell functions by using two redox reactions to facilitate movement of electrons. So for an alkaline battery, the zinc anode will oxidize and release electrons, which will flow through the circuit t... |
Consider the dehydration of the following molecule with conc. $\ce{H2SO4}$ at $443 \text K$:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/unhsS.png" height="150">
The possible products are:
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M0nmy.png" height="150"> <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/stARr.png" height="150">
The f... |
> A molecular excited state has a fluorescence lifetime of 10 nanoseconds and a phosphorescence life time of 10 microseconds. There are no other processes, what's the phosphorescence quantum yield?
I divided the above two naively to get $0.1\%$, I believe we can use $\phi_f = k_r \times \tau_f$, similarly for $\phi_... |
Background: BPA and BPS (Bisphenol A/S) are artificial estrogens and therefore toxic chemicals for us. They are used in the coating of thermal paper. Thermal paper is used to print in-store receipts. There is a growing demand for thermal paper that is *free* of BPA and BPS for the health and safety of the public.
Qu... |
> A molecular excited state has a fluorescence lifetime of 10 nanoseconds and a phosphorescence life time of 10 microseconds. There are no other processes, what's the phosphorescence quantum yield?
I divided the above two lifetimes naively to get $0.1\%$. I believe we can use the equation $\phi_f = k_r \times \tau_... |
Thank you a lot for your help!
Write a nernst equation (25 °C) for system:
$\ce{SO3^2- + 3 H2O + 6 e- -> S^2- + 6 OH-}$
and system:
$\ce{NO3- + 3 H+ + 2 e- -> HNO2 + H2O}$
I am not really sure if these are correct:
E = E^0(NO3^1-/HNO2) - 0,059/2 · log([HNO2]/([NO3^1-]·[H+]^3)
E = E^0(SO3^2-/S^2... |
> Certain sunglasses have small crystals of AgCl incorporated into the lenses, on exposure to light of appropriate wavelength produces a grey colour to reduce the glare following the reaction:
$$
\ce{AgCl_{(colourless)}
->[h\nu]
Ag_{(grey)} + Cl}
$$
If the heat of reaction for the decomposition of AgCl is 248kJ/... |
The order of ionic radii for halogens: F(ion) < Cl(ion) < Br(ion) < H(ion) < I(ion)
What is the reason for such large ionic radius of hydride ion? |
The order of ionic radii for halogens:
$$\ce{F- < Cl- < Br- < H- < I-}$$
What is the reason for such large ionic radius of hydride ion? |
I would really appreciate some help with how to approach this:
I'm given that:
Methylamine (CH3NH2) is a weak base used in the manufacture of pesticides. Taking into account that the degree of dissociation of said compound is 21%, calculate:
Kb=6.1*10^-4 (This is likely an arbitrary number assigned to each st... |
Thank you a lot for your help!
Write a nernst equation (25 °C) for system:
$\ce{SO3^2- + 3 H2O + 6 e- -> S^2- + 6 OH-}$
and system:
$\ce{NO3- + 3 H+ + 2 e- -> HNO2 + H2O}$
I am not really sure if these are correct:
E = E^0(NO3^1-/HNO2) - 0,059/2 · log([HNO2]/([NO3^1-]·[H+]^3)
E = E^0(SO3^2-/S^2... |
I'm learning about ionic bonding and polarizability. Larger anions with higher charge should make more polarized ionic bonds, so why does $WO_3$ have a melting point of ~1473c and $WF_6$ have a melting point of ~17c?
$O^{2-}$ is both larger and has higher charge than $F^{-1}$. |
Why does tungsten (VI) oxide have higher MP than tungsten (VI) fluoride? (polarizability) |
> Write a Nernst equation $(\pu{25 °C})$ for system:
>
> $$\ce{SO3^2- + 3 H2O + 6 e- -> S^2- + 6 OH-}\tag{R1}$$
>
> and system:
>
> $$\ce{NO3- + 3 H+ + 2 e- -> HNO2 + H2O}\tag{R2}$$
I am not really sure if these are correct:
$$
\begin{align}
E_1 &= E^\circ(\ce{SO3^2-}/\ce{S^2-}) - \frac{0.059}{6}\log\fr... |
I'm learning about ionic bonding and polarizability. Larger anions with higher charge should make more polarized ionic bonds. $\ce{O^2-}$ is both larger and has higher charge than $\ce{F^-}.$
So, why does $\ce{WO3}$ have a melting point of $\sim\pu{1473 °C}$ and $\ce{WF6}$ have a melting point of $\sim\pu{17 °C}?$ |
Why does tungsten(VI) oxide have higher melting point than tungsten(VI) fluoride? |
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