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[ { "content": "@xmath0 meson is the hydrogen atom of quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) , its simplest nontrivial object . in the leading approximation \n , the @xmath1 quark in it just seats at rest at the origin and creates chromoelectric field . \n light constituents ( gluons , light quarks and antiquarks ) move ...
[ { "content": "a central problem in quantum computation is the hidden subgroup problem ( hsp ) . here , we are given a black box that computes a function on elements of a group @xmath0 . \n the function is known to be constant and distinct on left cosets of a subgroup @xmath1 and our goal is to find @xmath2 . \n...
[ { "content": "the study of instabilities in disks has a long history , following the seminal work of toomre ( 1964 ) , with a considerable literature on many aspects of it . \n however , relatively little attention has been given to the most massive agglomerations that can form by the fragmentation of galactic ...
[ { "content": "there have been intensive efforts in realizing flat bands in various context of condensed - matter @xcite and atomic physics @xcite . \n the motivation behind this search is twofold . \n first , a flat band , whose kinetic energy is highly quenched compared to the scale of interactions , possesses...
[ { "content": "over the last two decades quantum information and quantum computation sciences have experienced an extraordinary theoretical and experimental progress @xcite . in particular , the possibility of performing quantum information processing and quantum simulation tasks in archetypal many - body system...
[ { "content": "recently @xcite , we have shown how two - way quantum communication can profitably be exploited to enhance the security of continuous variable quantum key distribution @xcite . in particular , we have investigated the security of two - way protocols in the presence of collective gaussian attacks w...
[ { "content": "in this section , we give a detailed derivation of the interacting spinor hofstadter model . based upon the approach for treating noninteracting spinless bosons @xcite , we generalize it to deal with interacting two - component bosons . \n we consider an ultracold two - component bose gas confine...
[ { "content": "the last years the interest in the study of nuclei from both experimental and theoretical point of view involves , besides the 1 dm @xmath1}(\\vec{r}_1,\\vec{r}_{1 ' } ) \\equiv a \\int \\psi^{\\ast}(\\vec{r}_1,\\vec{r}_2,\\ldots,\\vec{r}_a ) \\psi ( \\vec{r}_{1'},\\vec{r}_2,\\ldo...
[ { "content": "the recent development of quantum information has led to a great deal of interest in the classical simulation of quantum systems . \n an understanding of this issue is important in order to discern which resources are essential for an exponential quantum speedup . \n if we remove certain resources...
[ { "content": "the application of renormalization techniques to quantum gravity theories has always been problematic . \n this is due to the inherent tension between the notion of scale - dependent physics of the renormalization group on the one side , and the role of background - independence of general relativ...
[ { "content": "clusters of galaxies are the largest relaxed systems in the universe and as such provide a strong test of theories of the origin of and evolution of structure . \n a critical measurement ( @xcite ) is the relationship of the mass of a system to its temperature . \n this can be best probed by compa...
[ { "content": "probing the higgs sector beyond the standard model is a main subject of new physics search in collider experiments and in flavor factories . among them , two higgs doublet models have been studied in their many aspects . here \n we study the two higgs doublet model in which the hierarchy of the ne...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement , as a cornerstone in understanding many phenomena in quantum world @xcite , serves as a necessary resource in various practical applications of quantum information processing , such as quantum algorithms @xcite , quantum teleportation @xcite , and quantum crytography @xcite ....
[ { "content": "the formation of planets is one of the most complex problems in astrophysics , involving accumulation of bodies over some @xmath2 orders of magnitude in mass from dust grains to giant planets . \n one issue which has received a lot of attention is the formation of planetary embryos by the accreti...
[ { "content": "an electron in the ground state of hydrogen atom in bohr s model has an orbital period of 150 attosecond ( 1 as=@xmath4 s ) . in order to temporally \n resolve electronic dynamics in real time , it is necessary to follow its dynamics within attosecond time scales . \n nowadays , this attosecond te...
[ { "content": "in 1863 , julius weingarten was able to make a major step forward in the topic when he gave a class of surfaces isometric to a given surface of revolution . \n surface for which there is a definite functional relation between the principal curvatures ( which called curvature diagram ) and also bet...
[ { "content": "a divergence - free vector field frequently appears in various mathematical and engineering problems such as an incompressible flow in the navier - stokes equation or a solenoidal magnetic induction in the maxwell equations or the limit of displacements in elasticity equations when poisson s ratio...
[ { "content": "when calculating certain functions of quantum systems , in many instances the running time of classical computers increases exponentially with the number of elementary parts that compose those systems . \n this issue is a hurdle to current research in many areas of science . \n but it is also a mo...
[ { "content": "since the pioneering work by colgate and white ( 1966 ) , detailed studies of the dynamics of collapse - driven supernovae have been done mainly with numerical simulations ( @xcite , @xcite , and references therein ) . \n one of the difficulties in so doing is the remarkable contrast between the d...
[ { "content": "nonlinear dynamics such as fast switching and self - oscillation ( limit cycle ) has been a fascinating topic in physics @xcite . \n magnetization dynamics excited by the spin transfer effect @xcite in a nanostructured ferromagnet @xcite provide fundamentally important examples of such nonlinear d...
[ { "content": "for practical applications of superconducting ( sc ) materials , the increase and , more generally , control of the critical current in sc samples are of great importance . in recent years \n much attention was given to the investigation of superconducting films patterned with a regular array of m...
[ { "content": "laser cooling is today an established technique to produce samples of atoms with temperature approaching the zero kelvin limit . \n ultra - cold strontium samples are largely studied , with experiments ranging from quantum degeneracy , quantum computation , to applications as quantum sensors of fo...
[ { "content": "spatio - temporal modeling has received much attention in recent years . particularly , the rise in global temperature being a major environmental concern \n , scientists are now taking keen interest in the study of the dynamics of such climatic spatio - temporal processes@xcite . \n another close...
[ { "content": "the notion of a field - line was introduced by michael faraday in his work on magnetism @xcite . \n faraday argued that the forces of electricity , magnetism and gravity are better described by fields , populated with field - lines . from faraday \n s point of view , a field is not a mere mathemat...
[ { "content": "in a previous paper dercole et al . \n ( 1989 ) proposed the wind outflow \n inflow ( woi ) scenario as a possible explanation for one of the most striking properties of the x ray emission of elliptical galaxies , i.e. , the large scatter in the @xmath1 diagram of roughly two orders of magnitude...
[ { "content": "lamno@xmath0 perovskite - type manganites have been subjected to intense scrutiny due to the existence of highly desired properties such as the observed colossal magnetoresistance ( cmr ) by either introducing impurities @xcite or applying pressure @xcite . \n this effect along with the occurrence...
[ { "content": "liquid argon time projection chambers ( lar - tpcs ) , that are currently in development in various r&d programmes in europe , japan and the usa @xcite , are acknowledged to be a detector technology capable of meeting the physics requirements of a next - generation neutrino oscillation experiment...
[ { "content": "in 2014 , the belle collaboration analyzed the @xmath8 decays with the full @xmath9 data sample corresponds to @xmath10 data sample collected by the belle detector at the asymmetric - energy @xmath11 collider , and observed a resonance ( named @xmath0 ) in the @xmath12 mass spectrum with a statist...
[ { "content": "the dust - correlated microwave ( 10 - 60 ghz ) emission detected by several cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) experiments performed in the two last decades ( cobe @xcite ; ovro at 14.5 and 32 ghz @xcite ; saskatoon @xcite ; 19 ghz @xcite ; tenerife @xcite ; cosmosomas @xcite ; vsa @xcite ; a...
[ { "content": "neutron - proton ( @xmath0 ) pairing is a longstanding issue in nuclear structure @xcite . despite many efforts , the specific fingerprints of these correlations in existing nuclear data are not yet clear , nor the appropriate theoretical tools for their correct treatment . for many years \n the t...
[ { "content": "high-@xmath6 superconductivity and other unconventional properties of doped quasi-2d cuprates remain a challenging and hot debated problem . as usual , the active @xmath7 planes in cuprates are considered as homogeneous systems , starting from one- , three- or multiband hubbard models . \n often o...
[ { "content": "observations of diffuse dust in galaxies impact on some basic questions about their present structure and past history . in particular , are we missing significant amounts of luminous matter because of the effects of dust extinction ? \n how much severe are the corresponding selection effects ? ...
[ { "content": "the atlas and cms collaborations at large hadron collider ( lhc ) have recently discovered a new bosonic resonance of mass around 125 gev @xcite . \n measuring its coupling to different standard model ( sm ) particles and establishing its nature are going to be leading aims of future lhc runs . \n...
[ { "content": "the local low - mass ( below @xmath0 @xmath1 ) supermassive black hole ( smbh ) mass function is not well known . \n current estimates of the smbh mass function are based on host galaxy properties ( luminosity of the bulge or bulge stellar velocity dispersion @xmath2 ) and known scaling relationsh...
[ { "content": "we consider the matrices @xmath0 and @xmath1 as follows : @xmath2 it is well known that these matrices are called the infinite hilbert matrix and the @xmath3 hilbert matrix , respectively . \n a famous inequality of hilbert ( @xcite , section 9 ) asserts that the matrix @xmath0 determines a ...
[ { "content": "quantum information science incorporates quantum principles into information processing and communication . amongst the most spectacular discoveries and conjectures , \n we know that quantum cryptography could enable information - theoretic secure communication through public channels @xcite , and...
[ { "content": "a dramatic change in the dynamic history of the universe happened since 1998 when observations from type ia supernovae @xcite claimed our universe to be expanding with certain acceleration . \n this peculiar result was verified in several independent observations @xcite supporting the present acce...
[ { "content": "destruction of superconductivity in thin wires at high currents is a classic topic . \n bardeen s 1962 review @xcite summarizes the state of the art at the time . in particular \n , it presents an interpolation formula i_c(t ) \n i_c(0 ) [ 1 - ( t / t_c)^2]^3/2 [ bardeen ] for the critical ( depai...
[ { "content": "the advent of radioactive beams and emergence of several facilities to produce these has provided a possibility to study the structure and properties of nuclei far away from those known to us so far @xcite . \n these so - called `` exotic '' nuclei transcend the valley of stability and possess the...
[ { "content": "single - atom electron emitters are the closest one can get to the ideal of a point - like electron source . \n they are capable of producing beams with nearly full spatial coherence , i.e. approaching the heisenberg uncertainty limit @xmath0 , with @xmath1 the root - mean - square ( rms ) transve...
[ { "content": "resonant electron transfer during sputtering of atoms and molecules from metal surfaces has been a very interesting subject in relation to secondary ion mass spectroscopy ( sims ) where the knowledge of ionization and neutralization rates is essential for many quantitative analyses . \n the theory...
[ { "content": "here we evaluate different approximants from the escape rate formula \n ( 5 ) in the main text for the general case of non - constant reflection coefficient @xmath24 and non - zero exit region @xmath98 . \n we write the main formula as @xmath216 and the corresponding cumulant expansion is @xmath2...
[ { "content": "recent conclusive results from the sudbury neutrino observatory ( sno ) have established the existence of non - electron active neutrino components in the @xmath1 solar neutrino flux @xcite and hence have given a strong evidence for neutrino oscillation . \n these results are based on the three r...
[ { "content": "r0.5 although all of the unique features of qcd are determined by the self - interactions of gluons , currently , very little is known about their space- and momentum - distributions in nuclei . as the gluonic degrees of freedom are missing in the hadronic spectrum , in order to study the g...
[ { "content": "in this document , we develop a new formulation of single - particle relativistic quantum mechanics . traditionally , the formulation of quantum mechanics proceeds via a set of postulates,@xcite which we do not find it necessary to repeat here . \n we do note , however , that the order , precise c...
[ { "content": "the theory of topological phases of matter has been a central problem in condensed matter physics since the discovery of the quantum hall effects@xcite in two - dimensional electron gases ( 2deg ) in large magnetic fields . \n the precisely observed ( quantized or fractional ) values of the hall c...
[ { "content": "a two - component ( soft + hard ) model ( tcm ) of hadron production near mid - rapidity from 200 gev collisions in terms of longitudinal projectile - nucleon dissociation and transverse minimum - bias ( mb ) dijet production derived from the charge - multiplicity dependence of spectra @xcite ...
[ { "content": "the use of symanzik - improved lattice actions and matrix elements is widespread . \n however , with each improvement term added the corresponding coefficient must be determined to enable discretisation effects to be reduced to the desired level . \n considering the light hadron spectrum and matri...
[ { "content": "the two most fundamental parameters of a star are its mass and its radius . for a given stellar mass , \n models try to reproduce the radius of the star by implementing the best known stellar interior and atmospheric physics . for stars more massive than the sun , convective interior and radiative...
[ { "content": "in the past fifteen years , remarkable progress has been made towards the understanding of the holomorphic extendability properties of cr functions . \n at the origin of this development , the most fundamental achievement was the deep discovery , due to the effort of numerous mathematicians , that...
[ { "content": "one of the central paradigms in extragalactic astronomy is that today s galaxies host supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) at their centers and have a symbiotic evolution with them @xcite . \n the central black holes seeded in proto - galaxies at high redshift grow in mass during cosmic history thro...
[ { "content": "as brown dwarfs cool and pass through the l / t spectral class boundary , their spectral morphologies transition from red near - infrared ( nir ) colors of the l dwarf class , caused by condensate dust in their photospheres , to blue nir colors of the t dwarf class , where their photospheres are r...
[ { "content": "almost all quasi - stellar objects ( qsos ) are x - ray sources . the reprocessing of the x - rays by intervening matter along the line - of - sight to the qso imprints informative features on the resulting spectrum ( e.g. , turner 1991 ) . \n x - ray absorption studies provide an important tool t...
[ { "content": "the unisis rayleigh laser guide star system has been commissioned as described in @xcite . \n the system is built around a 30 watt excimer laser that emits short 90 mj pulses of 351 nm light at rates up to 333 hz . \n these pulses are projected in the `` full- aperture broadcast '' mode and are fo...
[ { "content": "consider a two - players dice game in which players accumulate points by turns with the following rules . \n the player who reaches a certain fixed number of points is the winner of the game . in his turn \n each player rolls the dice several times until deciding to stop or rolling an ace . if he ...
[ { "content": "recent measurements of redshift and luminosity - distance relations of type ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating [ 1 , 2 ] . \n this observation gives rise to the search for a matter field , which can be responsible for accelerated expansion . \n there are seve...
[ { "content": "the rapid expansion of research frontiers into the nanometer and femtosecond regime demands a careful consideration of dissipation as a way to counterbalance the energy influx from the external fields in quantum mechanical systems . \n the subject takes roots in the seminal work by feynman and ver...
[ { "content": "recently several authors @xcite have used exact functional renormalization group ( rg ) methods to gain a deeper understanding of strongly correlated non - relativistic fermions in reduced dimensions . \n the exact functional rg yields an infinite hierarchy of coupled differential equations descri...
[ { "content": "one of the most important phase transitions in the history of the universe is the reionization of the neutral hydrogen gas . \n following recombination early in the universe shortly after the big bang , the universe likely remained in a largely neutral state until @xmath18 - 25 . \n the collapse o...
[ { "content": "globular clusters ( gcs ) are homogeneous stellar systems containing stars with a single age and metallicity , which are in principle simpler to interpret than photometric and spectroscopic observations of the integrated stellar light of a galaxy . \n gcs are therefore considered to be powerful pr...
[ { "content": "projective clustering for a set @xmath0 of @xmath11 points in @xmath1 space is to find a set @xmath2 of @xmath3 lower dimensional @xmath4-flats so that the average distance ( by certain distance measure ) from points in @xmath0 to their closest flats is minimized . \n depending on the choices of @...
[ { "content": "the development of sn 1987a provides an unprecedented opportunity to observe , at high spatial , spectral , and temporal resolution , the birth of a supernova remnant ( snr ) . \n observations of snr 1987a might reveal the angular and velocity distribution of the ejecta by highlighting where it ...
[ { "content": "entropy is a fundamental invariant of dynamical systems . \n it was first defined for probability measure preserving actions of @xmath3 by kolmogorov in 1958 @xcite and then extended to actions of countable amenable groups by kieffer in 1975 @xcite . \n the notion was transferred to continuous act...
[ { "content": "the galaxy is observed to have a `` boxy '' bulge in near - infrared images ( dwek et al . \n 1995 ) and the nature and the origin of the inner triaxial shape of the galaxy ( i.e. , bar / bulge ) has been extensively discussed by several authors ( e.g. , babusiaux & gilmore 2005 ; rattenbury et al...
[ { "content": "we present a review of recent advances on the evolutionary dynamics of spatial games that are governed by group interactions . \n the focus is on the public goods game , or more generally @xmath0-player games , which are representative for this type of interaction . \n although relevant aspects of...
[ { "content": "social network analysis has been a hot topic in the field of data mining . in the co - authorship network , \n a node is an author and a edge indicates a publishing collaboration between them . \n researchers are interested in these special networks from which they discover power law in the degree...
[ { "content": "dynamic light scattering has proven to be a powerful tool for investigating the dynamics of colloidal suspensions , emulsions , foams , and other complex fluids . over the past decade , \n dynamic light scattering ( dls ) has been increasingly applied to glassy systems with slow , and often non - ...
[ { "content": "in previous work we studied the singularity structure of a braneworld model consisting of a flat @xmath0-brane embedded in a five - dimensional bulk space filled with an analogue of a perfect fluid ( the fifth coordinate @xmath1 playing the role of time ) . \n the perfect fluid satisfied a linear ...
[ { "content": "a tremendous amount of experimental data on @xmath7 meson decays are being collected from @xmath7 factory experiments , such as belle and babar . \n experimentally plenty of two - body hadronic @xmath7 decays have been observed and a lot of theoretical works on these decay processes have been done...
[ { "content": "our main concern in this paper is the construction of iterative algorithms to solve inverse problems with an @xmath0-penalization or an @xmath0-constraint , and that converge faster than the iterative algorithm proposed in @xcite ( see also formulas and below ) . \n before we get into technical de...
[ { "content": "wide - field photographic and ccd images have documented the presence of numerous small compact reflection nebulae in star - forming dark clouds . \n such nebulae may possibly represent a transitional stage in which a young star goes from being an embedded infrared source to a visible t tauri star...
[ { "content": "the caltech faint galaxy redshift survey , ( henceforth cfgrs ) , is designed to measure the properties of field galaxies in the redshift interval @xmath2 . \n it uses complete samples to a fixed limiting magnitude in a particular bandpass within a small solid angle on the sky . \n spectra are obt...
[ { "content": "the current paradigm of attempting to develop various kinds of nanoscopic devices requires careful consideration of the phase behavior of nanosystems , since in nanoscopic geometries effects due to external walls or other boundaries of the system can modify its `` bulk '' behavior substantially . ...
[ { "content": "the topic of the present paper is the numerical analysis of _ quasilinear wave equations_. such wave equations show up in a variety of applications , ranging from elastodynamics to general relativity . while the ( local - in - time ) analysis of them is well - developed since the seventies , the p...
[ { "content": "recently , complex networks have drawn much attention among the physics community because they can describe a huge variety of both natural and man - made systems , such as the world wide web,@xcite the internet,@xcite human social networks,@xcite power grids,@xcite ecological networks,@xcite metab...
[ { "content": "simulations of structure formation in the universe with dark matter only lead us to believe that virialized structures , such as dark matter haloes , possess universal properties that depend only weakly on mass . \n one such property , most often used , is the spherically averaged density profile ...
[ { "content": "inertial sensors for particle beams based on material transmission gratings exist and have been studied extensively ( see for example @xcite ) . \n commonly , these devices are moir deflectometers @xcite : two - grating setups operating in the classical regime , with the particles following ballis...
[ { "content": "exploration of star - formation processes in galaxies through observations at radio wavelengths has developed rapidly in the past few years @xcite . by avoiding the problems associated with dust obscuration , dominant at optical wavelengths , radio data provide a valuable tool in understanding the...
[ { "content": "gravitational waves offer a rich , unexplored source of information about the universe @xcite . \n many phenomena can only be explored with gravitational , not electromagnetic , radiation . \n these include accepted sources such as white dwarf , neutron star , or black hole binaries whose observat...
[ { "content": "high - dimensional problems are notoriously difficult to solve by standard numerical techniques due to the _ curse of dimensionality _ the complexity grows exponentially with the number of degrees of freedom . \n the problems of such kind arise in many different applications in physics , chemistr...
[ { "content": "miras are asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stars that show long - period ( hundreds of days ) photometric variability ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n these stars typically lose mass at a rapid rate ( @xmath2 m@xmath3 yr@xmath4 ) , and this material condenses into heavy elements , molecules , and dust ( e.g. , ...
[ { "content": "high resolution images from chandra x - ray observations of the vela pulsar have shown ( helfand , gotthelf , & halpern 2001 ; pavlov et al . \n 2001 ) an x - ray pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) , which has been modelled in detail by helfand et al . \n ( 2001 ) with an alternative interpretation by rad...
[ { "content": "we find in the literature reports on ferromagnetism in carbon - based compounds which apparently did not attract the necessary attention in the community . \n for example there are reports on ferromagnetic - like signals in pyrolytic carbon @xcite and in hopg @xcite . in the first study pyrolytic ...
[ { "content": "since their discovery in 1967 @xcite , radio pulsars have provided insights into physics on length scales covering the range from 1 m ( giant pulses from the crab pulsar @xcite ) to 10 km ( neutron star ) to kpc ( galactic ) to hundreds of mpc ( cosmological ) . \n pulsars present an extreme stell...
[ { "content": "sodium emission has been previously observed in both long - period and dynamically new comets ( rahe et al . \n 1976 , sivaraman et al . 1979 , hicks and fink 1997 ) . \n although the abundance of sodium in comets is much lower than other observable elements and molecules , it can be used as a tra...
[ { "content": "little is known about the faint optical counterpart ( @xmath4 ) of the bright bulge z - source gx 349 + 2 . \n the one published spectrum of the counterpart is of both low resolution and quality ( penninx & augusteijn 1991 ) and only shows a strong h@xmath5 emission line . from the first photomet...
[ { "content": "evidence continues to mount that roughly 23% of the energy density of the universe is constituted of a type of matter which is not baryonic in nature @xcite . \n this is commonly referred to as `` dark matter '' , and has become the focus of many research programs . \n one of the most popular part...
[ { "content": "all features of societies ( beliefs , attitudes , behaviors , languages , wealth , etc . ) \n are due to competition @xcite . \n recently the dynamics of world s languages , especially on their disappearing due to competition with other languages @xcite has been of interest . \n it is fair to exam...
[ { "content": "colloidal janus particles have drawn special attention during the past two decades for their potential in materials science @xcite . \n janus particles are characterized by anisotropic surface chemical ( e.g. wetting or catalytic ) or physical ( e.g. optical , electric , or magnetic ) properties ...
[ { "content": "to solve some dilemmas in the standard model of cosmology such as the flatness , the horizon , the monopoles problems and so on , inflation as an accelerated expansion era in the early universe was introduced by @xcite . \n this scenario is now dubbed as old model of inflation , in which the unive...
[ { "content": "in the hadroproduction of @xmath0 , the angular distribution of the dileptons coming from the decay of the quarkonium is of the form @xmath3 where @xmath4 is the angle ( measured in the rest frame of the quarkonium ) between the direction of motion of the positively charged lepton and the ( lab - ...
[ { "content": "_ rosat _ observations have considerably enlarged the new class of high luminosity x - ray objects , the so - called `` supersoft sources '' ( ssss ) characterised by their euv temperatures ( trmper 1992 ) . \n ssss were first detected in the large magellanic cloud in 1979 - 1980 with the _ einste...
[ { "content": "the idea to use scintillating fibers for charged - particle tracking is not new . \n several experiments have already successfully built and used scintillating fiber trackers in high - energy and astro - particle physics . \n d _ experiment @xcite for example chose to use a scintillating fiber tr...
[ { "content": "the _ kepler _ space telescope is designed to detect the periodic transits of exoplanets in front of their host stars . based on the data obtained during the first 16 months of kepler s operation , more than 2000 planetary candidates have been identified , analyzed , and published @xcite . \n most...
[ { "content": "the signal total cross section without cuts is @xmath61 for a @xmath62 higgs boson at the @xmath63 lhc while the total background cross section amounts to @xmath64 . as we anticipated in section \n [ sec : model ] the @xmath65 rate in this gauge - higgs unification model is about 5 times larger th...
[ { "content": "in special relativity one knows three types of particles , tardyons ( subluminal ) , light - like and tachyons ( superluminal ) . \n the first two types of particles are of our world , inside the light - cone , while the tachyons seems to live in another one , outside the light - cone . \n these t...
[ { "content": "as discussed by bahadur @xcite , fisher information characterizes the limit of the decreasing rate of the tail probability of the optimal estimator . \n however , when the kullback - leibler ( kl ) divergence diverges or fisher information can not be defined , this can not be applied . as an alter...
[ { "content": "a _ cubing _ of a 3manifold @xmath1 is a decomposition of @xmath1 into euclidean cubes identified along their faces by euclidean isometries . \n this gives @xmath1 a singular euclidean metric , with the singular set contained in the union of all edges . \n the cubing is _ non - positively curved _...
[ { "content": "recent measurements of cosmic rays by the atic @xcite , cream @xcite , and pamela @xcite experiments have indicated the presence of hardening in the energy spectra of protons , helium and heavier nuclei at tev energies . \n the observed hardening does not seem to be in good agreement with general ...
[ { "content": "during the last decade accreting millisecond pulsars ( amps ) have revealed a number of interesting phenomena and have opened a new window to the physics of accretion onto neutron stars ( nss ) . \n the first of such systems was discovered by ( * ? ? ? \n * sax j1808.43658 ) , presenting the firs...