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[ { "content": "in this paper , we study the almost gorenstein property of stanley reisner rings . \n let @xmath6 be a field , @xmath7 a graded @xmath6-algebra of krull dimension @xmath8 , and let @xmath9 be its canonical module . \n the algebra @xmath10 is said to be _ almost gorenstein _ \n if @xmath10 is cohe...
[ { "content": "measurements of the depletion of heavy elements , relative to the solar abundances , along the line of sight to the stars show that about @xmath4 of the metals in the galaxy is bound up in dust grains ( whittet 1992 ) . \n this raises the questions : is this fraction the same for every galaxy ? \n...
[ { "content": "to account for the vast majority of mass in the observable universe and to explain its accelerated expansion , the physical cosmology of today requires two outstanding concepts : ( i ) the matter which does not interact with the electromagnetic force - _ dark matter _ , and ( ii ) \n the hypotheti...
[ { "content": "several observations suggest that the andromeda galaxy could be the remnant of a major merger . \n m31 has a robustly classical and not pseudo bulge , which is an argument in favor of such a merger scenario , according to @xcite . \n @xcite also argued that due to the high metallicity of the m31 h...
[ { "content": "rare @xmath3 decays are very important in particle physics , because they are important windows in testing the standard model ( sm ) and they are sensitive to new physics . as a rather simple method , \n factorization approach is accepted , because it explained many decay branching ratios successf...
[ { "content": "r0.42 a significant fraction of @xmath0 collisions at the lhc will involve ( quasi - real ) photon interactions , at center - of - mass ( c.m.s ) energies well beyond the electroweak energy scale . \n hence , the lhc can to some extend be considered as a high - energy photon - photon or photon ...
[ { "content": "rubbers and elastomers are highly deformable solids which have the remarkable property of preserving their volume through any deformation . \n this permanent isochoricity can be incorporated into the equations of continuum mechanics through the concept of an _ internal constraint _ \n , here the c...
[ { "content": "the @xmath0-dibaryon , predicted by r. l. jaffe in 34 years ago @xcite . \n is one of most famous candidates of exotic - hadron . \n this prediction was based on the observations that the quark exclusion can be completely avoided due to the essentially flavor - singlet(@xmath3 ) nature of @xmat...
[ { "content": "topological quantum computation@xcite is immune to certain types of noise . \n it has attracted much attention since it was proposed and becomes active again in recent years due to the progress in experiments . \n the gates used for quantum computation can be conducted by creating quasi - particle...
[ { "content": "many studies over the past decade have presented strong evidence for the coevolution of black holes and galaxies based on samples dominated by the low - density field ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * and references therein ) . \n it is interesting to determine if similar coevolution between agn ...
[ { "content": "it has been known for a long time that the line connecting the leading and following portions of a bipolar sunspot group usually tilts with respect to the solar equator @xcite . \n the tilt angle has been regarded as an important parameter of the magnetic field since the publication of the solar d...
[ { "content": "since the beginning of quantum theory a century ago , the study of the frontier between classical and quantum mechanics has been a constant topic of debate @xcite . in our opinion , \n the difficulties in the progress of this debate are also due to the deep - rooted use of different languages in ...
[ { "content": "the transport properties of matter at extreme high temperature and energy density , well proved in high energy accelerator experiments at the relativistic heavy - ion collider ( rhic ) and at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) , raised some fundamental questions related to the smallest distance sca...
[ { "content": "capillarity is an important physical phenomena , which occurs when two different materials contact and do not mix . given a container @xmath0 with an incompressible liquid drop @xmath1 in it , the interface of the liquid and \n the air is a capillary surface @xmath2 . in absence of gravity , \n th...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we will discuss selected aspects of the effects of quantum spacetime geometry fluctuations , using the riemann tensor correlation function as our basic tool . \n it is first useful to make a distinction between active fluctuations , which arise from the dynamical degrees of freedom...
[ { "content": "for decades , astronomers have struggled to determine the properties of the high - velocity clouds ( hvcs ) , a population of objects identified by 21 cm hi emission with velocities inconsistent with galactic rotation . \n recent improvements in available radio survey data ( e.g. the hi parkes all...
[ { "content": "the upgraded mipp experiment is designed to measure the properties of strong interaction spectra form beams @xmath0 and @xmath1 for momenta ranging from 1 gev / c to 120 gev / c . \n the layout of the apparatus in the data taken so far can be seen in figure [ layout ] . \n the centerpiece of the ...
[ { "content": "light scattering lies at the heart of optics . \n to harvest weak signals , collecting a large fraction of scattered light is essential . \n this is most directly achieved using a lens with a large numerical aperture . \n an alternative and more powerful approach , however , is to couple the scatt...
[ { "content": "for all terms and definitions , not defined specifically in this paper , we refer to @xcite . unless mentioned otherwise , all graphs considered here are simple , finite and have no isolated vertices . \n let @xmath7 denote the set of all non - negative integers . for all @xmath8 , the sum of thes...
[ { "content": "x - ray absorption variability is a common feature in active galactic nuclei ( agn ) . \n an analysis of a sample of nearby x - ray obscured agn with multiple x - ray observations , performed a few years ago ( risaliti et al . \n 2002 ) revealed that column density ( n@xmath0 ) variations are almo...
[ { "content": "the problem of the cosmological constant is salient yet unsettled in cosmology . \n the smallness of the effective cosmological constant recently observed @xmath2 poses the most difficult problems involving cosmology and elementary particle physics theory . to explain the striking cancellation bet...
[ { "content": "reconstruction of the photon statistics , @xmath0 , of optical states provides fundamental information on the nature of any optical field and finds relevant applications in foundations of quantum mechanics , quantum state engineering by postselection @xcite , quantum information @xcite , and quant...
[ { "content": "almost @xmath3 years after the discovery of the organic superconductors @xcite , the problem of determination of their pairing state has not yet found a definite solution . \n the critical magnetic field @xmath4 exceeds the pauli paramagnetic limit and indicates that the pairing symmetry is triple...
[ { "content": "this series of articles presents an improved solver for a challenging problem , the unified solution of compressible and incompressible fluids . \n after harlow and amsden proposed the ice algorithm as a fully implicit solver for fluid equations in a conservative form @xcite , some approaches for ...
[ { "content": "12 brhl , r. , kalinin , a. , kornilov , o. , toennies , j. p. , hegerfeldt , g. c. , & stoll , m. matter wave diffraction from an inclined transmission grating : searching for the elusive @xmath90he trimer efimov state . \n lett . _ * 95 * , 063002 ( 2005 ) . \n we thank e. braaten , c...
[ { "content": "entanglement , a key concept in quantum - information science @xcite , has also been playing a pivotal role in the study of quantum ( or , generally , nonclassical ) correlations and related consequences in many - body systems @xcite , especially quantum phase transitions ( qpts ) induced by varyi...
[ { "content": "stars form exclusively in molecular clouds , although the question whether molecular gas is a prerequisite or a byproduct of star formation is currently under debate ( e.g. , glover & clark 2012 ; kennicutt & evans 2012 ; krumholz 2012 ) . in either case , \n accurate measuruments of the physical ...
[ { "content": "the intrinsic galaxy alignment refers to a cosmic phenomenon that the orientations of the galaxy spin axes ( or galaxy ellipticities ) are not random but locally aligned between neighbors due to the spatial correlations of the initial tidal field . \n the topic of the intrinsic galaxy alignments h...
[ { "content": "the primary purpose of the current paper is to show that , as a matter of principle , contrary to discerning lore that is realized in many fascinating systems , e.g. , @xcite , the appearance of a _ topological _ ground state degeneracy _ does not _ imply that these degenerate states are `` topolo...
[ { "content": "the goal of this paper is to provide computations of the @xmath0 casson invariant for 3-manifolds obtained by dehn surgery on a two - bridge knot . \n our approach is to apply the dehn surgery formula of @xcite and @xcite , and this involves computing the culler shalen seminorms . in general \n ,...
[ { "content": "ever since their discovery , chiral molecular systems puzzled and inspired researches . \n the mirror symmetry , characterizing two molecular enatiomers , is possibly the simplest broken symmetry to think of . \n the complexity and variety of interactions and occurrences in nature of different ena...
[ { "content": "in cite @xcite hooft and veltman developed the method of dimensional regularisation to deal with divergent integrals in quantum field theory . \n the idea they had was to evaluated the corresponding integrals in @xmath4 dimensions for @xmath5 instead of the original @xmath6 dimensions . \n this ap...
[ { "content": "in previous publications @xcite , methods to compute the modified bessel function @xmath0 for positive @xmath3 were described . \n we complete here this analysis by describing analogous methods for the computation of the function @xmath1 . with this \n , methods for the reliable computation of a p...
[ { "content": "electron energy - loss spectroscopy ( eels ) is an efficient and widely used experimental method to study excitation processes on clean and adsorbates - covered surfaces of solids , and in thin ( including atomically thin ) films @xcite . \n this method utilizes the inelastic scattering of electro...
[ { "content": "there has been much interest lately in the behavior and control of quantum linear systems , particularly as these are amenable to transfer matrix function techniques . in this note \n , we wish to exploit the structural features of quantum markovian models to construct an analogue of the transfer ...
[ { "content": "it may come as a pleasant surprise to the dynamical systems community , to learn that the work of yasha sinai and david ruelle has had a major impact in experiments on microwave geometries . \n the connections arise from recent developments which demonstrate that wave mechanics experiments using m...
[ { "content": "most galactic black hole candidates exhibit at least two distinct spectral states ( see liang & narayan 1997 , liang 1998 , poutanen 1998 for reviews ) . in the hard state \n (= soft x - ray low state ) the spectrum from @xmath2 kev to a few hundred kev is a hard power law ( photon index @xmath3 )...
[ { "content": "the metallicity of hii regions in small isolated dwarf galaxies is key to investigating the physical processes that govern star formation in undisturbed stellar systems . \n the small isolated gas rich irregular dwarf galaxy ( sigrid ) sample of small isolated gas rich irregular dwarf galaxies @x...
[ { "content": "imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes use large mirror areas to reflect the cherenkov photons from cosmic - ray and gamma - ray air showers onto a photo - detector camera , usually comprised of photo - multiplier tubes ( pmts ) . \n the number of photoelectrons generated at each pmt is directly...
[ { "content": "standard cold dark matter ( cdm ) and its variants are the current leading models for the origin of large - scale structure . the canonical cdm model hypothesizes a primordial scale - free spectrum of primordial adiabatic perturbations and a critical density of cold dark matter . \n its variants i...
[ { "content": "in this paper i discuss the importance of the upcoming _ ` space infrared telescope for cosmology & astrophysics ' _ ( hereafter , _ spica _ ) for the study of the icy small bodies of the outer solar system . here , i focus on the study of kuiper belt objects ( kbos ) but the same ideas can be app...
[ { "content": "the use of quantum mechanical systems for information processing and computation has been studied extensively over the last decades . \n models have been well established for using the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages in the form of a speedup over classical metho...
[ { "content": "as we initiate the era of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) , we await with anticipation the expected discovery of supersymmetry and the higgs states required to break electroweak symmetry and stabilize the electroweak scale . on the other hand \n , there is thus far no concrete model that can exp...
[ { "content": "the run ii at tevatron will define a new level of precision for qcd studies in hadron collisions . \n both collider experiments , cdf and d0 , expect to collect up to @xmath0 of data in this new run period . \n the increase in instantaneous luminosity , center - of - mass energy ( from 1.8 tev to ...
[ { "content": "the obstructed transport in disordered and inhomogeneous systems may lead to anomalous diffusion . \n transport of a dense fluid in a porous host structure , ballistic tracer motion in a spatially heterogeneous medium , a probe or solute diffusing through fixed scatterers within liquid crystalline...
[ { "content": "understanding the origin and evolution of the fuel supply that feeds quasars and other active galactic nuclei ( agn ) is a key mystery in the astrophysics of these systems . to account for luminosities as high as @xmath2 erg / s the most efficient conceivable process - accretion onto a black hole ...
[ { "content": "liv@xmath9o@xmath10 is a rare @xmath11-electron heavy fermion system at low temperatures @xmath12 k.@xcite the low temperature linear electronic specific heat coefficient @xmath13 ( 0.42 j / mol k@xmath14 ) and pauli magnetic susceptibility @xmath15 ( @xmath16 @xmath17/mol ) are 180 and 310 ti...
[ { "content": "since onsager s solution @xcite in the transfer matrix approach @xcite of the two - dimensional ising model @xcite with vanishing magnetic field and its subsequent simplification by kaufman @xcite , there have been a number of related as well as alternative solutions , see e.g. baxter s book on e...
[ { "content": "the authors wish to thank tom bullock for comments on an earlier version of this paper . t.h . and j.s . \n acknowledge financial support from the academy of finland ( grant no .", "role": "user" }, { "content": "we show that quantum theory contains observables that are as incompatible...
[ { "content": "the fluorescence of the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere in the visible ( vis ) and ultraviolet ( uv ) regions was independently proposed in the sixties of last century by greisen @xcite , delvaille et al . \n @xcite , suga @xcite , and chudakov @xcite as a way to detect high energy showers created ...
[ { "content": "the fate of planetary systems around sun - like stars can be studied by finding planets around their white dwarf ( wd ) remnants . \n wds are physically small ( @xmath1 ) , which sharply limits their luminosity in the infrared , where the planet spectrum peaks @xcite . \n compared to main - sequen...
[ { "content": "despite considerable experimental and theoretical efforts over the last few decades , unconventional superconductivity remains one of the most interesting open puzzles in solid - state physics . \n while it has been proposed that in some unconventional superconductors several interactions may be r...
[ { "content": "understanding topological order in extended systems is one of the major challenges in modern physics . \n such an issue has immediate spinoff in condensed matter physics@xcite , but encompasses important aspects of quantum information as well@xcite . \n topologically ordered systems are ( generica...
[ { "content": "sbs 0335 - 052 ( izotov et al . 1990 ) is a blue compact dwarf ( bcd ) galaxy that , at an abundance of @xmath5 ( melnick et al . \n 1992 , izotov et al . \n 1997 ) , is the second lowest metallicity galaxy known after i zw 18 . \n sbs 0335 - 052 hosts an exceptionally powerful episode of star...
[ { "content": "electron scattering off of spin fluctuations in magnetic metals results in an `` anomalous '' contribution to electric resistivity.@xcite the analysis of this spin - disorder resistivity ( sdr ) is of interest because it can provide material - specific information on the character of spin fluctuat...
[ { "content": "the aggregation of many individual preferences into a single , `` social '' preference is a long - studied problem in mathematical social sciences which has more recently also been considered from a statistical mechanics viewpoint . here by `` preference '' \n we mean simply a ranking of say @xmat...
[ { "content": "time evolution of an isolated quantum system can be described by unitary operators . \n quantum dynamics corresponds then to an evolution in the space of quantum pure states , since a given initial state @xmath0 is mapped into another pure state @xmath1 , where @xmath2 . here \n @xmath3 represents...
[ { "content": "several considerations ( e.g. , uv - completions for the standard model ) and observations ( e.g. , dark matter ) lead us to assume the existence of particles beyond the standard model . in order to have evaded detection so far , such new particles can be either very heavy , or rather light ( e.g....
[ { "content": "there are several definitions of orthogonal designs ( ods ) in the literature @xcite the well known being as given in @xcite : [ cod ] a complex orthogonal design ( cod ) @xmath11 ( in short @xmath12 ) for @xmath0 transmit antennas is defined as a @xmath13 matrix such that ( i ) the nonzero ent...
[ { "content": "the detection of planets orbiting other stars has revealed a great diversity of both planetary mass and location , including several populations which have no analogue in our own solar system . \n of particular interest is the discovery of substantial numbers of sub - jovian planets with orbital p...
[ { "content": "kinetic equations describe the time evolution of a certain chosen set of physical variables . \n the choice of physical variables in principle is arbitrary , but often in practice is governed by the measurement of interest . \n typical examples are the order parameter of a complex system or the co...
[ { "content": "atmospheric muons are among the final products of cosmic ray induced air - showers . \n the absolute muon flux and its momentum dependence are mainly determined by the flux of nucleons entering the atmosphere and the inclusive meson production cross sections in high - energy hadronic interactions ...
[ { "content": "the experimental evidence for neutrino mass , acquired in recent decades , provides concrete evidence for physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) ( see e.g. @xcite ) . \n although the requisite new degrees of freedom can not yet be determined it is clear that additional particles are likely to e...
[ { "content": "the concept of @xmath2-ordered hamiltonian graphs has been recently introduced by ng and schultz @xcite . \n a simple graph @xmath0 is @xmath2-_ordered _ ( resp . \n @xmath2-_ordered hamiltonian _ ) if for any sequence @xmath3 , @xmath4 , \n , @xmath5 of @xmath2 vertices of @xmath0 there is a cycl...
[ { "content": "black holes and related classical solutions are a topic of long - standing interest in string theory @xcite . \n their study has shed light on old questions @xcite in black hole physics ( see e.g. @xcite ) as well as dualities @xcite and other stringy issues @xcite . \n indeed , it was an investi...
[ { "content": "the desire to create an optical directional coupler , a device composed by parallel optical waveguides close enough that leaked energy is transferred between them , led to the exploration of waveguide creation in semi - conductors via proton bombardment @xcite . at the time , power losses played a...
[ { "content": "clusters of galaxies from low to high redshift provide a unique opportunity to trace back the evolution of galaxies in dense environments . \n detailed studies of elliptical galaxies in nearby and intermediate redshift clusters showed that their photometric properties are homogeneous and evolve on...
[ { "content": "the building blocks of mathematical morphogenesis were put several decades ago in the seminal works of thompson @xcite and turing @xcite . a particularly relevant problem in this context is the examination of the properties relating to the architecture of cell colonies , as already noted and inv...
[ { "content": "non - fermi liquid ( nfl ) or strange metal phase is often observed to precede many correlated phases , such as antiferro- or ferromagnetism , and unconventional superconductivity.@xcite it is characterized by deviation from the well - defined fermi - liquid ( fl ) predictions , such as the resist...
[ { "content": "during merging processes leading to the formation of clusters of galaxies , large amounts of gravitational energy are released on timescales of the order of @xmath3gyr . \n most of this energy is contained in hot ( temperatures @xmath4kev ) x - ray emitting plasma which constitutes , along with t...
[ { "content": "# 1 ps . @headings oddfootevenfoot oddhead evenheadoddhead # # 1 ps . \n @headings = 12 # 1@xmath4 \n = 11 # 1 ps . @headings oddfootevenfoot oddhead evenheadoddhead # # 1 ps . \n @headings = 12 \n = 11 = 12 # 1#2#3_phys . \n lett . _ * # 1*(19#2)#3 # 1#2#3_z . \n phy...
[ { "content": "plasmonics is now a very rapidly developing field of activity , and advancement to the mid- and far - infrared ( terahertz ) ranges of frequencies is one of the main streams in photonics @xcite . \n our interest in this subject has arisen from discussions of the results of experiments on propagati...
[ { "content": "[ cols=\"<,^,^,^,^,^,^,^,^ \" , ] \n the nonthermal spectral index @xmath3 , is the main parameter of interest because it is used to model cre generation and propagation . \n however , it is not possible to measure it directly . \n the quantity which is measured is the total spectral index @xmath4...
[ { "content": "pain is a common health problem that causes over $ 60 billion a year in productivity losses in the united states @xcite . \n research on pain sensing ( also known as nociception ) with human subjects is difficult for a number of reasons including ethical constraints , difficulties in quantifying a...
[ { "content": "in their role as proton - conducting membranes , ionomers are an important component of many hydrogen fuel cells . in these materials , \n the interplay among the short - range interactions between the hydrophobic backbone polymer and the hydrophilic terminal groups , and the long - range coulomb ...
[ { "content": "the models in extra dimensions have been proposed for solving the hierarchy between the electroweak and planck scales @xcite . among these \n the randall - sundrum ( rs ) model assumes the existence of two 3-branes connected by one extra spatial dimension and the metric in this model is non - fact...
[ { "content": "strongly - correlated one - dimensional ( 1d ) and quasi-1d systems can be simulated accurately using the density matrix renormalization group ( dmrg ) @xcite , which is a set of algorithms operating on matrix product states ( mps ) @xcite . \n real systems can usually not be isolated completely f...
[ { "content": "the most common type of functional data are curves , typically measured over time . \n also spectral data , measured over a range of wavelengths , can be considered as functional data and can be analyzed as such @xcite . \n when several measurements are taken at each time point , we obtain multiv...
[ { "content": "the local group consists of three spiral galaxies and a large number of dwarf galaxies ( @xmath190% of its 40 known members ) . \n this proportion of galaxy types may be typical of the local universe as similar distributions are known to exist in nearby groups @xcite and clusters @xcite . \n the d...
[ { "content": "almost all astrophysical objects have significant non - thermal processes that result in emission across a broad energy band . \n even stars exhibit flares which are non - thermal processes . \n multi - wavelength observations are therefore key to have complete understanding of a variety of astrop...
[ { "content": "the pair correlation is one of the fundamental nucleon many - body correlations , which governs many aspects of the nuclear structure@xcite . \n recently attentions are paid to the properties of the pair correlation in neutron - rich nuclei , which exhibit new features such as the neutron halo , t...
[ { "content": "microwave conductivity measurements have provided a powerful method for investigating the low energy charge dynamics of high temperature cuprate superconductors . \n early on , the observation of a linear temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth @xmath6 in yba@xmath0cu@xmath1o@xmat...
[ { "content": "the spectroscopy is a serious task for any model of hadron structure . \n it can yield a detailed information on the source of hyperfine interaction , as well as on effective degrees of freedom in the description of hadron dynamics . \n the so - called `` three - body spin - orbit puzzle '' has a ...
[ { "content": "suppose that @xmath0 is a closed connected oriented surface @xmath1 of genus @xmath2 with a set of @xmath3 labelled marked points @xmath4 . by a _ translation surface _ \n @xmath5 we mean a flat riemannian metric and a parallel vector field on @xmath0 . \n the metric has cone type singularities...
[ { "content": "very neutron - rich nuclei may emit one or more neutrons when they disintegrate via @xmath0 decay . \n this is the so - called @xmath0-delayed neutron ( @xmath15 ) emission process , which is energetically allowed when the q@xmath16-value of the decay exceeds the neutron separation energy ( s@xmat...
[ { "content": "triangular matrix factorization is a main building block in computational linear algebra . driven by a large range of applications in computational sciences , \n parallel numerical dense lu factorization has been intensively studied since several decades which results in software of great matur...
[ { "content": "the coupling of the optic and electric response of liquid crystals has lead to their wide application in display devices in recent years . \n liquid crystalline materials are often made up of long , thin , rod - like molecules@xcite . \n this anisotropy is what leads to their useful optic properti...
[ { "content": "about 25% of all gamma - ray bursts detected by batse were `` short '' ( duration less than 2 s , * ? ? ? * ) and had hard spectra . due to the non - detection of an afterglow from a short burst , rendering quick and accurate localization unfeasible , \n their nature have remained elusive . \n gr...
[ { "content": "the introduction to this paper is in two parts . \n the first subsection defines resonance and gives our prototypical example on alternating sign matrices . \n the second subsection describes our main results ; these include two instances of resonance ( on plane partitions and increasing tableaux ...
[ { "content": "a global view of dynamical systems has been one of the leading problems considered by the dynamical systems community . based on the pioneering works of peixoto and smale , \n a conjecture proposed by palis in the nineties has constituted a route guide for a global description of the space of dyna...
[ { "content": "in the past decade considerable amount of attention have been drawn both towards the experimental and theoretical studies of the internal scattering of atoms with a graphene layer and with various carbon nanostructures @xcite . \n owing to the fact that these nanostructures are endowed with except...
[ { "content": "up to one percent of the mass of the interstellar cloud surrounding the heliosphere is carried by dust grains that interact with the heliosphere @xcite . the flow of interstellar material past the sun at 26.4 drives large interstellar dust grains into the heliosphere , while small grains are dive...
[ { "content": "modern semiconductor nanodevices have reached critical device dimensions in the sub-10 nanometer range . \n these devices consist of complicated two or three dimensional geometries and are composed of multiple materials . \n confined geometries such as ultra thin body ( utb)@xcite , finfets@xcite ...
[ { "content": "sensor array imaging in a scattering medium is limited because coherent signals recorded at the source - receiver array and coming from a reflector to be imaged are dominated by incoherent signals coming from multiple scattering by the medium . for instance , in a randomly perturbed waveguide , it...
[ { "content": "let @xmath3 be a linear connection on a real - analytic manifold @xmath4 which is identified with the zero section in the tangent bundle @xmath5 . a complex structure defined on a domain @xmath6 of @xmath7 containing @xmath8 \n is adapted to the connection if for any @xmath9-geodesic @xmath10 its ...
[ { "content": "we wish to consider the problem of simplifying immersed planar curves , in a sense which will later be made precise . \n intuitively , a generic immersion @xmath1 can be considered as a knot diagram without the crossing data , and for such immersions we can apply planar versions of the reidemeiste...
[ { "content": "the detection and the study of ionized absorbers is more difficult than that of cold neutral absorbers , but can yield much more detailed information about the nature of the absorbers and the state and geometry of the nuclear regions of agn . \n if photoionization applies then the electron density...
[ { "content": "the thallium nuclei , with proton number z = 81 , are situated in a transition region between the deformed prolate rare earth nuclei and the spherical lead nuclei at z = 82 . \n the proton fermi level in tl lies below the z = 82 shell closure and near the 2s@xmath6 orbtal . \n the ground state spi...
[ { "content": "first , a little theoretical background . \n the question of flavor - changing neutral currents ( fcncs ) mediated by higgs bosons was first addressed two decades ago by glashow and weinberg @xcite . \n it had always been obvious that the higgs boson of the _ minimal _ standard model could not ha...
[ { "content": "optimal experimental design ( approximate theory ) is a well - developed area , and we refer to kiefer ( @xcite ) , silvey ( @xcite ) , pzman ( @xcite ) and pukelsheim ( @xcite ) for a general introduction and basic results . \n we consider computational aspects of optimal designs , focusing on a ...