Datasets:
mnsm92
/
article_summarization

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
text
listlengths
2
2
[ { "content": "the life times of giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) have been at the center of a major debate for at least the last 40 years @xcite . \n gmcs that live for many free - fall times need a mechanism that prevents them from gravitational collapse . over the last couple of years \n the consensus is growi...
[ { "content": "the experiments have been performed on a 1.9 @xmath35 thick degenerately doped @xmath1-gan : si film with electron concentration ( @xmath3610@xmath37)@xmath38 and carrier mobility , @xmath39 , grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy ( movpe ) on @xmath40-@xmath41 . a 10 nm permalloy ( \n py =...
[ { "content": "[ sec : intro ] over the past two decades the orbital architecture of giant planets has expanded from a single order of magnitude in the solar system ( 530 au ) to over five orders of magnitude among extrasolar planetary systems ( 0.015000 au ; figure [ fig : mass_sma ] ) . \n high - contrast ...
[ { "content": "in this work we tackle the problem of _ unconstrained text recognition _ recognising text in natural images without restricting the words to a fixed lexicon or dictionary . \n usually this problem is decomposed into a word detection stage followed by a word recognition stage . \n the word detecti...
[ { "content": "giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) are the major reservoirs of molecular gas and the sites of most star formation in our galaxy and other galaxies . \n their properties set the initial conditions for protostellar collapse , and may play a role in determining the stellar initial mass function @xcite ....
[ { "content": "single - transverse spin asymmetries ( ssa ) in hadronic processes have a long history , starting from the 1970s and 1980s when surprisingly large ssas were observed in @xmath1 @xcite and @xmath2 @xcite at forward rapidities of the produced hadron . \n they have again attracted much interest in re...
[ { "content": "let @xmath12 be the unit sphere in @xmath1 , where @xmath13 denotes the euclidean norm . given a compact set @xmath14 , \n consider the class @xmath15 of unit positive borel measures supported on @xmath16 . \n for @xmath17 the _ riesz @xmath5-potential _ and _ riesz @xmath5-energy _ of a measure @...
[ { "content": "since the seminal work by skyrme @xcite , where the first three - dimensional topological defect solution arising from a nonlinear field theory was presented in the context of particle physics , a very large number of studies reporting the impact of some kind of topological defect has appeared in ...
[ { "content": "the characteristic energies of gamma - rays are measured in _ _ energy units of mev__ev ) , corresponds to a wavelength of about 10@xmath4 m or a frequency of 10@xmath5hz . ] , 56 orders of magnitude above the typical energies of atomic transitions which shape spectra in the optical domain . \n co...
[ { "content": "one of the major goals of spintronic applications has always been to manipulate electron s spin degree of freedom to create a new paradigm @xcite in the fields of quantum information processing . \n spin-@xmath3 particles are a natural choice for a qubit in quantum computers . \n so , generation ...
[ { "content": "it is well known that thermodynamic quantities exhibit singularities asymptotically close to the critical point . \n the power - law behavior of these singularities , characterized by critical exponents and the concept of universality and scaling , have been successfully described by renormalizati...
[ { "content": "for metal element @xmath122@xcite , @xmath123 is the state density which have some spin directions on the fermi surface . \n @xmath124 according to the assumption@xmath125 formalism([renormal ] ) can be written as@xmath126 so from bcs theory , the cooper pair lies in the attraction area , ie @xmat...
[ { "content": "the x - ray source was discovered in february , 1999 , independently with the wide field cameras ( wfcs ) on _ bepposax _ ( in t zand et al . \n 1999a ) and with the proportional counter array ( pca ) on _ rossixte _ ( ergo , its alternative designation xte j1819254 , markwardt et al . \n the wf...
[ { "content": "in the context of the large effort performed within the lhc @xcite experiments in order to finalize the construction of the standard model ( sm ) and to shed some light on the building blocks of its future extension , the b physics program plays a very important role . in a complementary way t...
[ { "content": "asca observations of the sgr b2 giant molecular cloud revealed very hard x ray spectrum with a very prominent iron fluorescent line at 6.4 kev ( koyama et al . , 1996 ) . \n this discovery provided an important confirmation of the hypothesis of sunyaev , markevitch and pavlinsky ( 1993 ) that the...
[ { "content": "the characterisation of the folding pathway of proteins is one of the fundamental problems in molecular biology and is under an increasing scientific attention due to the continuous advancements in experimental and theoretical biochemistry . after the work of anfinsen@xcite , who demonstrated that...
[ { "content": "fig . 1 . the external periodic magnetic field as modeled by ( [ eq : field ] ) . \n + fig . 2 . the band structure for a spinless problem compressed in the ( longitudinal ) @xmath12-direction . \n @xmath22 t , @xmath38 , @xmath24 , @xmath25 . \n the states in the broad \" bands ( upper quarter...
[ { "content": "the long standing efforts for building cherenkov detectors in sea depths started with the dumand project that measured the muon vertical intensity at depths ranging between 2 and 4 km with a prototype line at a depth of 4.8 km about 30 km off - shore the island of hawaii in nov . \n 1987 @xcite . ...
[ { "content": "the nonet of light scalar mesons formed by @xmath2 , @xmath3 , @xmath0 and @xmath4 is poorly understood @xcite . compared to expectations based on a standard quark antiquark picture \n all nine states are rather light and their ordering is inverted . this can , however , naturally be explained ass...
[ { "content": "dwarf novae ( dne ) are a subclass of cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) , comprised of a low - mass , main sequence secondary star and a white dwarf ( wd ) primary . \n they are characterized by their quasi - periodic outburst episodes that are typically 2 - 6 mag in amplitude . \n the roche lobe - fi...
[ { "content": "in the strong interaction , one of the most stringent constraints on possible violation of parity ( p ) and time - reversal ( t ) symmetry comes from the measurement of the electric dipole moment ( edm ) for neutron ( nedm ) and proton ( pedm ) @xmath13 . \n the current upper bound is given by |d_...
[ { "content": "heavy - fermion ( hf ) superconductivity has been a matter of interest with respect to an intimate interplay between magnetism and superconductivity since the discovery of hf superconductivity in cecu@xmath15si@xmath15 @xcite . from the extensive experimental and theoretical works on cecu@xmath15s...
[ { "content": "scalar fields play a central role in modern cosmology in driving inflation of the early universe and describing dark energy of the present epoch.@xmath0 observations predict that our universe contains roughly one - third of dark matter and baryons and two- thirds of dark energy.@xmath1 within the ...
[ { "content": "one of the most general and successful concepts in physics is the separation of a physical system into a simpler , controlled subsystem that is interacting with a perturbing subsystem . \n a specific example of this method is given by a basic impurity problem , consisting of a noninteracting homog...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of high-@xmath6 superconductivity in la@xmath4ba@xmath2cuo@xmath3 @xcite , the analysis of many experiments has led to a complex phase diagram of cuprate materials , in part originating from the competition between antiferromagnetic ( af ) and superconducting ( sc ) correlatio...
[ { "content": "among numerous phases of two - dimensional electron gases ( 2deg ) , the even - denominator quantum hall states with the filling factors @xcite @xmath6 and @xmath7 are particularly interesting . \n in contrast to odd - denominator fractional quantum hall ( fqh ) liquids , they can not be explained...
[ { "content": "the existence of non - gaussianity in primordial density fields has the potential to provide a unique observational probe that will enable discrimination among wide variety of inflationary models of the early universe . \n versions of the inflation scenario based on the idea of a single slow - rol...
[ { "content": "the observational evidence for dark matter indicates the intriguing possibility of a `` dark sector '' extension to the standard model ( sm ) . \n dark matter in fact may be a small part of the dark sector or indeed many dark sectors could exist , each with their own `` dark forces '' and constitu...
[ { "content": "the last decades have seen the rise and success of the hierarchical paradigm for galaxy formation in a cold dark - matter dominated universe . \n although very powerful , the concordance model is still far from providing us with a complete and coherent view of how galaxies form and evolve . \n thi...
[ { "content": "grammatical acquisition proceeds on the basis of a partial genotypic specification of ( universal ) grammar ( ug ) complemented with a learning procedure enabling the child to complete this specification appropriately . the parameter setting framework of chomsky ( 1981 ) claims that learning invol...
[ { "content": "the einstein tensor is the only symmetric and conserved tensor depending on the metric and its derivatives up to the second order , which is linear in the second derivatives of the metric . dropping the last condition , lovelock @xcite found the most general tensor satisfying the other ones . \n t...
[ { "content": "[ i ] the magnetoresistance ( mr ) in a transverse field @xmath6 is one of the most frequently studied characteristics of the two - dimensional ( 2d ) electron gas @xcite . within the drude - boltzmann theory , the longitudinal resistivity of an isotropic degenerate system is @xmath6independent...
[ { "content": "models of interacting electrons in one spatial dimension are very valuable for the understanding of strongly correlated systems . \n this is because there exist theoretical methods enabling us to determine their physical properties reliably . \n indeed , by combining perturbative renormalization g...
[ { "content": "the bose - einstein condensate ( bec ) of chromium ( @xmath0cr ) , where long range dipolar interaction between atoms plays the dominant role , is a novel kind of nonlinear system becoming available to experiments @xcite . \n properties of dipole - dipole ( dd ) interactions , namely their long ...
[ { "content": "the next generation blast experiment @xcite ( blast - tng ) is a suborbital balloon payload that seeks to map polarized dust emission in the 250 @xmath0 m , 350 @xmath0 m and 500 @xmath0 m wavebands . \n the instrument utilizes a stepped half - wave plate to reduce systematics . \n the general...
[ { "content": "symmetric informationally - complete positive operator - valued measures ( sics ) @xcite represent a general form of measurement in quantum theory . as the more familiar projective measurements are associated to an orthonormal basis in hilbert space , a sic is associated to an over - complete set ...
[ { "content": "one - dimensional systems of interacting particles or spins show interesting collective effects when the system approaches an ordered state as the temperature approaches zero @xcite . \n the static properties of such systems are dominated by a diverging correlation length , and generally well unde...
[ { "content": "recently , a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigation of two - dimensional ( 2d ) quantum spin systems . in case of the ideal 2d heisenberg antiferromagnet ( af ) on a square lattice , \n the magnetic long - range order is suppressed by ...
[ { "content": "the goal of quantum key distribution ( qkd ) is to allow two distant parties , alice and bob , to share a secret key even in the presence of an eavesdropper , eve . since in quantum mechanics measurements \n irremediably perturb the systems , it is impossible for an eavesdropper to extract useful ...
[ { "content": "faraday waves , which typically refer to complex patterns of standing waves on a fluid surface in an oscillating container , are among the classical problems of fluid mechanics @xcite . \n the phenomenon has been a representative example of parametric instabilities @xcite . as is often the case wi...
[ { "content": "after a long history in which a large number of experimental groups around the world contributed to the development of succesful methods to master stabilization and cooling of dilute bose gases , last year the aim of achieving bose - einstein condensation in such a system was finally reached . \n ...
[ { "content": "classical t tauri stars ( ctts ) are young ( @xmath3 yr ) , low mass @xmath4 stars at the stage of gravitational contraction towards the main - sequence , activity of which is caused by magnetospheric accretion of protoplanetary disc matter @xcite . \n inner regions of the accretion disc are trunc...
[ { "content": "= 15000 = 15000 a major payoff period for the _ hubble space telescope _ \n ( hst ) is under way , as the space telescope imaging spectrograph ( stis ) starts to produce black hole detections routinely and in large numbers . \n eight new bh detections are available from nuker team work ( gebhar...
[ { "content": "neutral atoms trapped in an artificial periodic potential formed by laser light , the so called far detuned optical lattice , have been proposed as the individual qubits for quantum information processing . in an optical lattice \n , neutral atoms can be trapped in the intensity maxima ( or minima...
[ { "content": "a prerequisite for a theoretical description of the properties of @xmath1-mesons in hadronic matter and the possible consequences for @xmath1-production in heavy - ion collisions is a reliable model for elementary processes like @xmath1-production in hadronic collisions and in photo - induced reac...
[ { "content": "here we briefly summarize the most important results of our paper so that the reader interested in applying our formalism to specific models will easily find the relevant material . \n - we derive the tn representation of the standard ks lgt hamiltonian for arbitrary compact groups in eq . \n [ eq...
[ { "content": "the discovery by cosmologists that the universe is currently dominated by two distinct types of unknown forms of matter is a development with truly copernican implications for our picture of the universe as a whole . \n we have known for some time that visible matter likes to cluster on large scal...
[ { "content": "in this note we solve the additive eigenvalue problem ( or the time - independent system ) associated to the dynamics of a basic 2d - traffic model considered in @xcite . \n it is a system of two circular roads crossing on one junction managed with the _ priority - to - the - right _ rule . \n th...
[ { "content": "an impressive series of experiments has been realized with ultracold atomic gases over the last years , reproducing systems , or physical situations , relevant to several areas of physics . \n the use of fano - feshbach resonances to control the interaction strength between particles , in particul...
[ { "content": "the @xmath2-scheme now becomes the standard renormalization scheme for the definition of the strong coupling constant . \n the measured coupling constant @xmath3 in some experiment at relatively high energy is converted to @xmath4 at some representative scale by perturbation theory . \n the curren...
[ { "content": "the accretion induced collapse of a rapidly rotating white dwarf can result in the formation of a rapidly and differentially rotating compact object . \n it has been suggested that such rapidly rotating objects could emit a substantial amount of gravitational radiation @xcite , which might be obse...
[ { "content": "the calculation of precise radial density profiles for a localized radiation source ( _ i.e. , _ soft x - ray emission by hot plasmas ) has been a long standing problem in both plasma physics and astrophysics @xcite . for a sufficiently tenuous plasma in which radiation emission processes dominate...
[ { "content": "strong / weak - coupling duality , or s - duality , exists in a number of quantum systems . in 4d gauge theories , it takes the form of electromagnetic duality , which inverts the gauge coupling and exchanges the roles of elementary charged particles and magnetic monopoles @xcite . \n it is realiz...
[ { "content": "slow , velocity - controlled molecular beams have become an attractive tool in the study of molecular dynamics , the measurement of fundamental constants and in conducting high resolution spectroscopy @xcite . \n many advances have been made to produce slow beams such as using a high - pressure se...
[ { "content": "deep multiwavelength surveys are progressively sheding light on the history of galaxy evolution since very high redshifts . from new surveys in the ultraviolet regime ( e.g. martin et al . 2005 ) to the latest ir , sub - millimetre and radio campaigns ( e.g. werner et al . 2004 ; dunlop 2005 ; con...
[ { "content": "the opto - mechanical oscillator ( omo ) generates spectrally pure radio frequency ( rf ) signals @xcite due to ponderomotive interaction between photons and phonons . \n phase noise and linewidth are the main characteristics detremining the performance of an oscillator and its practical usefulnes...
[ { "content": "the lawrence krammer representation @xmath0 , n(n-1)/2)$ ] was first introduced by lawrence @xcite and proved to be faithful by bigelow @xcite and krammer @xcite . as \n a braid invariant @xmath1 is strong enough to distinguish all braids . \n the characteristic polynomial @xmath2 , where @xma...
[ { "content": "there is an extensive theoretical and empirical literature on estimating average causal effects of binary treatments in observational studies based on the assumption of unconfoundedness or ignorable treatment assignment . under this assumption differences in outcomes for units with different treat...
[ { "content": "the discovery of neutrino oscillations has marked a turning point in our understanding of nature and has brought neutrino physics to the center of attention of the particle , nuclear and astrophysics communities . here \n i summarize the determination of neutrino mass and mixing parameters in neut...
[ { "content": "recently , non - orthogonal multiple access ( noma ) @xcite has been considered as a promising technique for fifth generation ( 5 g ) and beyond 5 g ( b5 g ) cellular networks . \n the key idea of noma is to simultaneously serve multiple users ( ideally all active users in a serving cell ) over s...
[ { "content": "the periodically kicked rotor is one of the simplest systems whose classical motion exhibits chaotic dynamics , leading to an unbounded diffusive growth of its energy with the number of kicks . \n in contrast , the energy growth of a quantum kicked rotor ( qkr ) is determined by the interference o...
[ { "content": "gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) are the brightest phenomena in the universe , releasing as much electromagnetic energy in tens of seconds as the entire milky way galaxy does in a few years @xcite . \n they typically reach energies of around 5 x 10@xmath0 ergs when beaming is accounted for @xcite . \n ...
[ { "content": "supershells are giant bubbles with a scale of hundreds of parsecs , and are believed to be created by multiple stellar winds from ob associations and supernova explosions @xcite . \n supershells play an important role in galaxy evolution since they redistribute huge amounts of energy and material ...
[ { "content": "@xmath1-ray observations have long been recognized as a potential , valuable tool for supernovae research @xcite . \n only @xmath1-rays provide a direct link to the ni distribution which hardly depends on details of the physics and on the numerical treatment . \n different scenarios can be disting...
[ { "content": "physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) is required by the following experimental observations : * neutrino oscillations : @xmath18 ( mass difference)@xmath19 needed to understand atmospheric and solar neutrino observations ; * cmb anisotropy ( @xmath20 ) : requires inflation which can not be ...
[ { "content": "the statistical relation between recorded crime and economic and demographic variables , such as unemployment and the number of young males , is not only of fundamental importance @xcite , but becomes increasingly important in forecasting tools for policy and planning decisions @xcite . as recorde...
[ { "content": "among the various subjects concerning the physics of polymers , the behavior of heteropolymers containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in solvents are of particular interest since they have obvious importance in biology @xcite . \n it is well known for instance that in a polar solvent , ...
[ { "content": "relativistic solitons are self trapped , finite size , electromagnetic waves of relativistic intensity @xmath0 that propagate without diffraction spreading . \n many different physical effects play a role in the formation of relativistic solitons : dispersion effects due to the finite particle in...
[ { "content": "the compaction of dna in biological cells and viruses presents us with rather unconventional problems in the physics of soft matter . in the case of phages or viruses \n , the dna may be so close - packed that the thermodynamics is no longer extensive because it is dominated by the energy arising ...
[ { "content": "the differential rotation ( dr ) is believed to be a key ingredient in organizing large - scale magnetic fields in the solar interior . \n most of standard solar dynamo scenarios rely heavily on , so - called @xmath3-effect as the amplification process of magnetic fields to reproduce observed sola...
[ { "content": "fascinating insights into the formation of atomic chains consisting only of a few atoms suspended between two electrodes have been obtained by transmission electron microscopy and mechanically controllable break junction techniques.@xcite these experiments triggered the imagination of scientists t...
[ { "content": "the primary differences between the winds of b stars and those of o stars are the much lower densities of b star winds and the relative importance of euv / x - ray emission in b stars . in this paper we will examine the ionization and temperature structure of b star winds , with a focus on the euv...
[ { "content": "introduction \\1 . \n rappels et notations \\2 . \n les anneaux @xmath10 et @xmath11 \\3 . \n application aux reprsentations @xmath0-adiques \\4 . proprits de @xmath12 \\5 . \n structures diffrentielles sur les @xmath3-modules et monodromie @xmath0-adique \\6 . \n extensions de r...
[ { "content": "the conversion of gas into stars is one of the most fundamental processes in astronomy . yet , despite decades of effort , a simple prescription of star formation ( sf ) that successfully describes all observations of galaxies across a range of halo masses has remained elusive . in broad terms , m...
[ { "content": "recent studies revealed that a significant fraction of stars in the present - day galaxies were formed between redshifts 1 and 3 ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n for example , results of deep near - infrared observations show the average s...
[ { "content": "it has long been recognized @xcite , that standard candles constructed from long duration gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) would have several potential advantages over type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) , the most important being high redshift detection . whereas detected sne ia are currently spectrally cla...
[ { "content": "in the last few years the increased accuracy of the experimental techniques has renewed interest in nuclear reactions at fermi energies . \n exclusive measurements , event - by - event analysis , and a @xmath1 coverage allow a deeper investigation of the evolution of the reaction mechanisms with b...
[ { "content": "mt , light potential depth @xmath0 and @xmath1 . \n the blue bar represents @xmath2 . \n see text for explanation.,title=\"fig:\",scaledwidth=100.0% ] [ fig : fig0 ] a basic concept for a system driven in a non - equilibrium process by the change of some external parameters is that of work . fo...
[ { "content": "the field of evolutionary algorithms ( eas ) has been successfully applied to the areas of modern art @xcite . \n evolutionary computation is an interesting approach to the generation of novel images and is beginning to have a broader impact on artistic fields . \n more generally , evolutionary m...
[ { "content": "recent experiments on ultracold gases in optical potentials @xcite and experiments on photons in microwave cavities @xcite have demonstrated that it is possible to prepare a fock state as a pure state in a finite - dimensional system . after the preparation of the fock state , \n the parameters of...
[ { "content": "fedorov _ et al . \n _ @xcite have recently measured the line - shape @xmath1 of photoemitted electrons in the ferromagnetic metal gd . for photoelectrons associated with a photohole in the @xmath2 surface band \n , they find somewhat different life - time broadening depending on whether the emitt...
[ { "content": "stellar masses are now becoming a standard measure for galaxies , and are being used to trace the evolution of the galaxy population in terms of star formation rates and morphologies ( e.g. bundy et al . 2005 ; conselice et al . \n 2008 ; cowie & barger 2008 ) . \n however , stellar mass only trac...
[ { "content": "the photon - pion transition process @xmath2 provides a good example for tests of qcd . \n this is because , at tree level in pqcd , there only involve electro - magnetic interactions . \n the short distance interactions can be calculated in a definite way . \n the amplitude for the process @xmath...
[ { "content": "design of chaotic electronic circuits offers a great challenge to the research community for the last three decades @xcite-@xcite . \n the motivation for designing a chaotic electronic circuit comes mainly from two facts : first , one can ` observe ' chaos , and can also control the dynamics of th...
[ { "content": "the concept of reaction mechanism plays a major role in chemistry and represents a synthesis of our understanding of the way in which different topological changes in the bonding structure of a reactant or product are correlated as the reaction proceeds . \n recent advances in ultrafast lasers@xci...
[ { "content": "consider a classical object ( a degree of freedom ) trapped in a metastable potential minimum ; no decay out of this metastable state is possible at low temperatures , where thermal activation over the barrier is exponentially suppressed . \n however , if the classical object is a composite one , ...
[ { "content": "knots @xmath0 and @xmath1 in the 3sphere @xmath2 are said to be _ concordant _ if there exists a ( topologically ) locally flat properly embedded annulus @xmath3 $ ] in @xmath4 $ ] whose boundary is the union of @xmath5 and @xmath6 . here \n @xmath7 denotes the mirror image of @xmath1 with reverse...
[ { "content": "0.2cm**harold : * * for quite sometime now , you have been talking about ` gravity being an emergent phenomenon ' and a ` thermodynamic perspective on gravity ' . \n this is quite different from the conventional point of view in which gravity is a fundamental interaction and spacetime thermodynam...
[ { "content": "muons detected at ground level arise mainly as decay products of charged mesons . \n these mesons are created abundantly in hadronic showers , most of which are caused by primary cosmic ray protons and nuclei interacting inelastically with the nuclei of the atmosphere . a small fraction of muons ,...
[ { "content": "it is widely believed that gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) and their afterglows are caused by the dissipation of kinetic energy of an ultrarelativistic ejecta , with lorentz factor @xmath3 , releasing from the central engine ( so - called fireball \" model , see piran 1999 and van paradijs , kouvelio...
[ { "content": "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...
[ { "content": "the goal of visual texture synthesis is to infer a generating process from an example texture , which then allows to produce arbitrarily many new samples of that texture . \n the evaluation criterion for the quality of the synthesised texture is usually human inspection and textures are successful...
[ { "content": "in the analysis of lifetime data we can use the gompertz , exponential and generalized exponential distributions . \n it is known that the exponential distribution have only constant hazard rate function where as gompertz , and generalized exponential distributions can have only monotone ( increas...
[ { "content": "recent years have witnessed many breakthroughs in research on two - dimensional ( 2d ) materials due to their potential applications in next - generation electronic and energy conversion devices @xcite . \n recently , a new type of 2d material , borophene ( 2d boron sheet ) @xcite , has been succe...
[ { "content": "applying an electric gate voltage to graphene provides exotic tuning of the electronic , vibrational , and optical properties of graphene samples @xcite . since the beginning of graphene s discovery \n , electronic gating has played an important role in elucidating the room temperature quantum ha...
[ { "content": "success of density functional theory ( dft ) @xcite for the ground - state calculations had prompted search @xcite for similar theories for the excited - states . over the past decade , time - dependent density - functional theory ( tddft ) @xcite has become a standard tool @xcite for obtaining tr...
[ { "content": "all graphs in this paper are simple of finite orders , i.e. , graphs are undirected with no loops or parallel edges and with finite number of vertices . \n the _ complement _ \n @xmath14 of a graph @xmath0 , is a graph with the same vertex set as @xmath0 and with the property that two vertices are...
[ { "content": "the threat of global spreading of epidemics , like the pandemic flu from 2009 , or spreading of computer viruses which are endangering the functioning of internet dependent facilities , are responsible for the enormous increase in public interest on immunization during the last years . \n much pro...
[ { "content": "observations of accreting neutron stars in low - mass x - ray binaries ( lmxbs ) with the _ rossi x - ray timing explorer _ have revealed that the persistent x - ray emission of at least fifteen show remarkably coherent quasi - periodic brightness oscillations ( qpos ) , with frequencies @xmath5 r...
[ { "content": "early astronomers looked to the sky and saw the moon as a habitable world covered in vast oceans , venus as a swampy marshland enshrouded in clouds , and mars with grand canals ( lowell 1895 ) . \n not one of these worlds has maintained its promise of abundant life . \n instead , the solar system ...