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[ { "content": "in the quantum zeno effect @xcite , the transitions of a quantum system are slowed down ( or stopped ) by the fact one is observing the system . \n it is the quantum mechanical equivalent of saying that `` a watched pot never boils '' ( i.e. a watched system never makes transitions ) . \n however ...
[ { "content": "the top quark was discovered in 1995 by the cdf and d0 collaborations at the fermilab tevatron collider @xcite . \n the cdf and d0 collaborations are currently taking data in run 2 of the tevatron . \n the increased luminosity and higher collision energy of @xmath4 = 1.96 tev allows for precise me...
[ { "content": "computing drawings of planar graphs is an extensively studied subject . in its most classical \n setting , the problem is to design an algorithm that receives as input a planar graph @xmath5 and it produces as output a drawing of @xmath5 such that no two edges of the drawing cross . \n aesthetic r...
[ { "content": "the astronomical observations show that our universe is probably approaching de sitter spacetime . \n the cosmological constant corresponds to vacuum energy and is usually considered as a candidate of dark energy . \n the accelerating universe will evolve into another de sitter phase . in order to...
[ { "content": "the formation and evolution of galaxies is regulated by their feedback on the surrounding intergalactic medium ( igm ) . \n radiative feedback owing to photo - ionization heating by a cosmic uv background or hydrodynamic feedback owing to outflows driven by supernovae or quasars , can suppress the...
[ { "content": "several studies have recently been conducted to elucidate the morphology of high redshift objects ( e.g. , glazebrook et al . \n @xcite ; driver et al . \n @xcite ; abraham et al . \n @xcite ; abraham et al . \n @xcite ; bouwens et al . \n @xcite ; giavalisco et al . \n @xcite ) . \n near - infrar...
[ { "content": "study of mg ii absorption line systems in the spectra of qsos has provided a means of detecting distant normal field galaxies which happen to be situated close to the lines of sight to the qsos ( e.g. , bergeron et al . 1991 ; steidel et al . \n 1994 ) . barring the so called ` associated systems ...
[ { "content": "the study of possible modifications of einstein s theory of gravity has a long history which reaches back to the early 1920s @xcite . \n corrections to the gravitational lagrangian , leading to higher - order field equations , were already studied by several authors @xcite shortly after general re...
[ { "content": "shell models of turbulence @xcite serve a useful purpose in studying the statistical properties of turbulent fields due to their relative ease of simulation . \n in particular , shell models allowed accurate direct numerical calculation of the scaling exponents of their associated structure functi...
[ { "content": "hypernuclei are bound systems of neutrons , protons and one or more strange baryons , such as the @xmath0 or @xmath1 hyperons . \n understanding the behavior of hypernuclei ( how they are produced , their spectroscopy and decay mechanisms ) has been the subject of intense investigations during the...
[ { "content": "in the course of the last three decades , spontaneous parametric down - conversion ( spdc ) has proven to be a valuable tool in the experimental investigation of fundamental properties of the electromagnetic field in the quantum domain @xcite , including nonclassical correlations , entanglement an...
[ { "content": "our understanding of the origin of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) has continued to advance rapidly in the years since the first x - ray @xcite , optical @xcite and radio @xcite afterglows were discovered . \n in particular the nearby afterglow from has solidified the grb - supernova connection @xcit...
[ { "content": "the system ie 0657 - 56 of two colliding clusters ( termed the bullet \" ) , is particularly interesting among such systems . \n x - ray observations of this system show a prominent bow - shock generated by the supersonic motion ( mach number of @xmath3 ) of the sub - cluster ( the bullet ) relat...
[ { "content": "bridson asked the question of whether a quasi - isometry exists between thompson s group @xmath0 and the group @xmath4 . \n burillo @xcite provides an example of a quasi - isometric embedding of @xmath5 into @xmath0 as possible evidence addressing this question . \n we state his example in [ sec ...
[ { "content": "* in this supplemental material we discuss the preparation of our fermionic quantum gas ( s1 ) , the detection after tof and _ in situ _ ( s2 ) and the data analysis ( s3 ) . the theoretical model is introduced in ( s4 ) and the linearized calculation is presented in ( s5 ) . for the tensor expans...
[ { "content": "astronomical masers such as h@xmath0o and sio are unique tools for studying mass - loss activities in high mass star formation . \n these maser species are basically excited in strong shocks on a working surface between a protostellar outflow and a dense envelope ( e.g. , @xcite ; @xcite ) . \n th...
[ { "content": "for over half a century , the crab nebula has played a key role as a laboratory for many seminal discoveries regarding supernovae and their remnants @xcite . \n it is also the brightest and best studied example of `` plerionic '' remnants which are powered by a compact central object ( see reviews...
[ { "content": "its unusual electronic energy band structure and charge carriers resembling massless dirac fermions have made graphene honeycomb structure an active field of research@xcite . \n quasi 1d graphene ribbons have even more interesting electronic and magnetic properties depending on their size and symm...
[ { "content": "in this paper we study numerical integration of twice differentiable functions defined over a triangle @xmath4 . for an integrable function @xmath5 , we denote the true normalized integral of @xmath6 by @xmath7 where @xmath8 denotes the lebesgue measure of @xmath9 . as an approximation of @xmath10...
[ { "content": "in this article , the ffs method is used to calculate switching rates for biochemical networks simulated with the gillespie algorithm @xcite . \n this algorithm is an application to chemical reactions of the kinetic monte carlo technique @xcite , first introduced by bortz _ \n et al _ @xcite . \n ...
[ { "content": "since the launch of the chandra x - ray observatory , it has become evident that x - ray emission is a common feature of jets in radio galaxies and quasars ( see , e.g. , @xcite for low - power radio galaxies , @xcite and @xcite for x - ray surveys of powerful radio galaxies and quasars , the over...
[ { "content": "the phenomenon of collectively enhanced emission , described by dicke for ensembles of atoms @xcite , can also occur in quantum dots ( qds ) @xcite . \n the cooperative radiation effect is due to the collective interaction of the two emitters with quantum radiation field . in the case of non - ide...
[ { "content": "our theoretical knowledge of the universe is based on the standard cosmological model , that provides a convenient framework to satisfactorily explain the majority of cosmological observations , like the anisotropy pattern of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) @xcite , the large - scale struc...
[ { "content": "driven transport and coherent control at the nanoscale are well established areas of research . \n quantum ratchets,@xcite molecular charge,@xcite spin@xcite and heat pumps,@xcite and nano - plasmonics@xcite are just several examples of areas of recent developments . \n advances in optical techniq...
[ { "content": "in simple models of quantum dots , the conduction electrons ( or holes ) of a semiconductor are confined into a two - dimensional harmonic trap ( for reviews see @xcite ) . \n the band structure of the material is taken into account through the effective mass approximation , and screening effects ...
[ { "content": "figure [ inv1 ] depicts an involution @xmath192 on @xmath136 under which @xmath193 is invariant , has its boundary components interchanged , and @xmath194 . \n then @xmath192 extends to an involution of @xmath99 since its restriction to @xmath195 coincides with the restriction to @xmath139 of the ...
[ { "content": "land surface temperature ( lst ) is a vitally important remotely observable tracer of mass and energy exchange across the interface between the atmosphere and the ground . \n lst derived from satellite observations is of interest in its own right for local climate studies and climate change monito...
[ { "content": "previous to about 1980 , the general paradigm for globular star clusters was that they were simple stellar populations , that is all stars had uniform chemical composition and were all the same age . \n however , since that time , numerous spectroscopic studies have shown that many of these cluste...
[ { "content": "intuitively , a set is a collection of elements ( e.g. , numbers or symbols ) that is completely determined by them . the elements of a set are pairwise different . \n if we relax this restriction and allow repeated occurrences of any element , then we end up with a mathematical structure that is ...
[ { "content": "recently , cassan et al . \n ( 2012 ) conducted a fairly comprehensive census of planets in the milky way using the microlensing technique . for planets at orbital radii of 0.5 - 10 \n au they reported that @xmath8 of stars host planets with masses in the range @xmath9 , @xmath10 host cool neptune...
[ { "content": "organic liquid scintillators are used in large quantities for rare event detection in particle astrophysics . \n the main objective in these experiments is the real time spectroscopy of neutrinos from steady - state sources such as the sun , nuclear reactors and from beta decays in the crust and m...
[ { "content": "strong couplings involving three mesons are complicated objects posing a great challenge for their theoretical study . \n the @xmath6 coupling , for which most theoretical analyses predicted values sizably smaller than the one later measured by cleo @xcite , illustrates this statement very well . ...
[ { "content": "this work was supported in part by the eu under grant ist - topqip , `` topological quantum information processing '' ( contract ist-2001 - 39215 ) . \n a.c . acknowledges support from marie curie rtn project conquest . v.v . acknowledges also support from epsrc and the british council in austria ...
[ { "content": "tidal disturbances have played an important role in reshaping galaxies and triggering star formation over cosmic time . this is confirmed by h@xmath0 , far - infrared , and mid - infrared studies showing that the mass - normalized star formation rates of pre - merger optically - selected interacti...
[ { "content": "tropical geometry is a new and active field of research . \n roughly , its main idea is to replace algebraic varieties by piece - wise linear objects called tropical varieties . \n these objects may be easier to deal with and new methods from combinatorics can be used to handle them . \n a lot of ...
[ { "content": "nowadays , people of various professions use different cad systems . \n there are many ways to represent curves and surfaces , therefore , the exchange of geometric data between those systems often requires approximate conversion . \n as it was stated in @xcite , there are two main operations tha...
[ { "content": "we consider the systematic numerical approximation of a class of allen - cahn type equations describing , for instance , the motion of anti - phase boundaries in crystalline solids @xcite , the evolution of interfaces in more general phase field models @xcite , or the geometric evolution by mean c...
[ { "content": "production of low momentum particles in the region away from the beam remnant is a key laboratory to study the non - perturbative effect of hadronisation , the process of conversion of the partonic final state into hadrons . \n the lack of understanding of this phenomenon leads to a huge variety o...
[ { "content": "rotation powered pulsars are known to be sources of magnetized relativistic winds whose interaction with the ambient medium produces spectacular pulsar wind nebulae ( pwne ) , observable from the radio to tev @xmath8-rays . \n when a pulsar is moving through the interstellar medium ( ism ) with a ...
[ { "content": "` cmbology ' ( or cmb - cosmology ) , the study of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb @xcite ) , and helioseismology , the study of acoustic oscillations on the surface of the sun @xcite , are two fields of much experimental and theoretical interest today . in the la...
[ { "content": "the comprehensive formulation for loop quantum cosmology ( lqc ) in the spatially flat - isotropic model has been constructed @xcite . with a massless scalar field serving as the _ emergent time _ , the result shows that the quantum evolution is _ deterministic across the deep planck regime _ and ...
[ { "content": "* the main result . * the classical function fields version of chebotarev s theorem states that the local frobenius substitutions associated with a galois covering of algebraic varieties over a finite field are equidistributed with respect to a suitably defined dirichlet density . \n it can be pro...
[ { "content": "observational data coming from the type ia supernovae ( sneia ) surveys , large scale structure ( lss ) , and cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) anisotropy spectrum indicate that the expansion of our present universe is accelerating rather than slowing down @xcite . \n this cosmic acceleration ca...
[ { "content": "multiscale analysis , based on the wavelet approach , has been successfully used for many different physical applications , including global solar activity ( ochadlick et al . \n @xcite ; lawrence et al . \n intermittence features have been well analysed through the use of a continuous wavelet tra...
[ { "content": "the discovery of an unexpected diminution in the observed energy fluxes coming from supernovae type ia @xcite , which are thought of as standard candles , has been interpreted in the context of the standard cosmological model as evidence for an accelerating universe dominated by something called d...
[ { "content": "phase competition is a hallmark of strongly correlated electron systems that exhibit ground states with rather distinct order yet of comparable energy . \n changing parameters in the hamiltonian by applying external fields , stress , or chemical composition allows one to tune from one state to ano...
[ { "content": "in phenomenologically interesting models the effects of broken supersymmetry in the visible sector are conveniently parameterized , working in an off - shell formulation , by the expectation values of the auxiliary components of some hidden sector supermultiplets . among the auxiliary fields , the...
[ { "content": "quantum transport in semiconductor quantum dots and molecular systems is a subject of intense study nowadays.@xcite these nanoscaled devices provide a formidable environment to study fundamental aspects of quantum physics , involving many - body correlations and light - matter interaction in regim...
[ { "content": "the miniboone experiment @xcite is a @xmath0 oscillation search at fermi national accelerator laboratory designed to confirm or rule out the lsnd signal @xcite . \n the fermilab booster accelerates protons to 8 gev ; these protons strike a beryllium target , generating mesons which decay to prod...
[ { "content": "in recent years , observational advances have made it possible to measure column density profiles in prestellar cores . \n various methods are being used in the literature . \n @xcite measured mm continuum emission , while @xcite utilized mid - ir absorption , and @xcite measured dust extinction a...
[ { "content": "based on earlier ideas of wigner @xcite dyson introduced a three - fold classification of quantum systems according to their behavior under time - reversal and spin rotation @xcite . \n this symmetry classification turned out to be very useful , for instance in semiclassical , disordered and rando...
[ { "content": "the best known models for the spread of infectious disease in human populations are based on the classical sir model of kermack and mckendrick @xcite . \n the same system of ordinary differential equations ( odes ) may be derived as the large population limit of a density - dependent markov jump p...
[ { "content": "the core of the standard model @xcite of particle physics is easily displayed in a single figure , here figure 1 . \n there are gauge groups @xmath0 for the strong , weak , and electromagnetic interactions . \n the gauge bosons associated with these groups are minimally coupled to quarks and lepto...
[ { "content": "symmetry occurs in many combinatorial problems . for example , when coloring a graph , we can permute the colors in any proper coloring . \n symmetry can also be introduced by modelling decisions ( e.g. using a set of finite domain variables to model a set of objects will introduce the symmetries ...
[ { "content": "the masses of galaxies , and in fact of any larger dynamically bound structure in the universe , inferred from dynamics are found to exceed the masses of the observed baryons in these structures @xcite . \n this phenomenon is usually explained by postulating ( non - baryonic ) dark matter , which ...
[ { "content": "relativistic models built with hadronic degrees of freedom have been very successful in describing different properties of nuclei and hadrons at low and intermediate energies ( for comprehensive reviews see refs . \n @xcite ) . in some of these models , \n the hadronic lagrangian has symmetries wh...
[ { "content": "in optical pumping , absorption of the near - resonance circularly polarized light could lead to large population imbalances in atomic ground states and induce the polarization of the atoms@xcite . \n a variety of applications , from traditional studies on nuclear resonance gyroscope@xcite , atomi...
[ { "content": "the m81 group contains three major closely interacting galaxies : m81 , m82 and ngc 3077 . \n studies of this triple system at radio wavelengths have shown an extremely disturbed hi distribution with tidal bridges connecting the three galaxies ( e.g. gottesman & weliachew 1975 ; van der hulst 1979...
[ { "content": "the dbq4 star lds749b ( wd2129 + 00 ) has long been considered for a flux standard ( e.g. , bohlin et al . \n 1990 ) . to establish the flux on the _ hubble space telescope _ \n ( _ hst _ ) white dwarf ( wd ) flux scale , stis spectrophotometry was obtained in 20012002 . \n the virtues of lds749b...
[ { "content": "this article describes lindbladians associated with _ controlled _ \n stochastic hamiltonians in weak coupling . controlled stochastic hamiltonians arise in the context of `` dynamical decoupling '' and `` coherent control '' and are used to examine protocols for extending the coherence time of qu...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum information processing and quantum communication . \n one now has a fairly good understanding of how to produce entanglement among microscopic systems , such as atoms @xcite , ions @xcite , or artificial qubits @xcite . in recent years \n there ha...
[ { "content": "-5 mm the organisers requested a talk which would both be a colloquium style talk understandable to a wide spectrum of mathematicians and one which would survey the recent developments in the subject . \n i have found it hard to meet both desiderata , and have opted to concentrate on the former...
[ { "content": "the subject of hamiltonian circuits and walks plays an important role in mathematics and physics alike . given a connected undirected graph @xmath7 , a _ \n hamiltonian circuit _ ( or cycle ) is a cycle ( i.e. , a closed loop ) through @xmath7 that visits each of the @xmath8 vertices of @xmath7 ex...
[ { "content": "tight correlations between the mass of supermassive black holes and the properties of their host galaxies @xcite suggest a co - evolution triggered by merging events . at the lower end of the black hole mass range , @xmath2 , where dwarf galaxies and bulges of late type spirals among other source...
[ { "content": "the _ joint spectral radius _ of a set of matrices ( or linear operators ) originated in early sixties with rota and strang @xcite and found countless applications in functional analysis , dynamical systems , wavelets , combinatorics , number theory , automata , formal languages , etc . \n ( see ...
[ { "content": "recently , `` thin '' subgroups of @xmath14 have attracted some attention in number theory . by `` thin '' we mean an _ infinite index _ subgroup @xmath15 \n whose dimension of the limit set @xmath16 satisfies @xmath17 . while the results of bourgain - gamburd - sarnak @xcite focus on the density ...
[ { "content": "the existence and uniqueness of black hole solutions of the einstein equations with various types of matter has been a rich avenue of research for many years . \n the classic `` no - hair '' theorems ( see , for example , @xcite for a review ) proved the uniqueness of the kerr - newman family of m...
[ { "content": "named entity recognition ( ner ) is a very important task in natural language processing . in the ner task , \n the objective is to find and cluster named entities in text into any desired categories such as person names ( per ) , organizations ( org ) , locations ( loc ) , time expressions , etc ...
[ { "content": "granular media can flow like a fluid under a certain situation . in the case of _ the rapid granular flow _ \n , where the density is relatively low and interactions are dominated by the instantaneous collisions , the kinetic theory of dense gases @xcite is extended to the inelastic hard spheres ...
[ { "content": "the theoretical study of the formation and evolution of regions in non uniform media is motivated by the observational result that the molecular clouds where massive star form generally possess density gradients ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) . the assumed density law is taken to be a power law @xmath2 with...
[ { "content": "kaonic atoms and kaonic nuclei carry important information concerning the @xmath5nucleon interaction in nuclear medium . \n this information is very important to know the kaon properties at finite density and , for example , to determine the constraints on kaon condensation in high density matter ...
[ { "content": "the field of sonoluminescence has undergone an explosion in recent years since the discovery of single bubble sonoluminescence ( sbsl ) [ 1 - 4 ] . in sbsl , a gas bubble in liquid is trapped at a velocity node of an acoustic field . under certain conditions , \n the bubble emits intense flashes o...
[ { "content": "a long - standing puzzle in the particle physics is the nature of the pomeron ( @xmath0 ) . \n this object , with the vacuum quantum numbers , was introduced phenomenologically in the regge theory as a simple moving pole in the complex angular momentum plane , to describe the high - energy behavio...
[ { "content": "the phase structure of quantum many - body systems has in recent years been a subject of great experimental and theoretical interest . \n models based upon algebraic hamiltonians are well - suited to the study of phase transitions . they possess a well - defined classical limit @xcite , allowing ...
[ { "content": "consider _ private - message _ broadcasting over the three - receiver additive white gaussian noise ( awgn ) broadcast channel where each receiver may know some of the messages requested by other receivers as side information . \n we investigate the capacity region of the channel for _ all possibl...
[ { "content": "atoms in reduced dimensional lattice , for example , in two - dimensional ( 2d ) honeycomb lattice , has low coordinate number and small spin number . together with magnetic frustration \n , these electrons may experience strong spin fluctuations and probably form extremely low - dimensional ( low...
[ { "content": "the study of a motion with a constant proper acceleration is a classical exercise of special relativity that can be found in many textbooks @xcite . with its analytical solution , \n it is possible to show that the limit speed of light is asymptotically reached despite the constant proper accelera...
[ { "content": "the bakry - emery method allows one to establish convex sobolev inequalities and to compute exponential decay rates towards equilibrium for solutions to diffusion equations @xcite . \n the key idea of bakry and emery is to differentiate a so - called entropy functional twice with respect to time a...
[ { "content": "the high energy collisions are usually connected with production of large number of secondaries ( mostly @xmath0 and @xmath1 mesons ) . the strong interactions involved here \n make their detail descriprion _ from first principles _ impossible and one is forced to turn to phenomenological models o...
[ { "content": "although the dark matter has been gravitationally confirmed by astrophysical observations in various way , one has no information on the properties , e.g. , the mass and the coupling . in a various dark matter models , \n a kind of popular model includes a light new boson which mediates between th...
[ { "content": "cost function of generating units in area @xmath0 with form @xmath1 , where @xmath2 is positive definite . \n vector of net load forecast for area @xmath0 . \n vector of net load forecast for area @xmath0 at time @xmath3 . \n vector of dispatch for area @xmath0 . \n vector of all interface flows w...
[ { "content": "the predicted x - ray luminosity and temperature relation from self - similarity ( @xmath1 is shallower than the observed one ( @xmath2 ) . \n the steepening of the relation implies that low temperature clusters are less luminous than they would have been if self - similarity were to hold . \n a p...
[ { "content": "the group @xmath0 is a favourite candidate for grand unified theories ( guts ) @xcite because its 16-dimensional irreducible representation ( irrep ) , the spinor representation , contains all chiral fermions included in a standard model ( sm ) family plus an additional neutrino sm gauge singlet ...
[ { "content": "photons are promising candidates for quantum information processing @xcite , due to their weak interaction to environment and easy single - qubit operations . in photonic quantum information processing , \n preparing high - quality entangled states of photons plays a key role . \n the reason is th...
[ { "content": "the picture emerging from many x - ray studies over the last couple of decades of active galactic nuclei ( agns ) is that emission features in the x - ray spectra present in low - luminosity objects ( seyfert 1 galaxies ) become scarce in agns with 210 kev intrinsic luminosity exceeding @xmath7 @x...
[ { "content": "the first generation of kilometer - scale gravitational wave ( gw ) laser interferometric detectors with sensitivity in the frequency band 10 hz to few khz and ultra cryogenic bar detectors sensitive at frequencies around 1 khz will start collecting data soon . \n the tama 300 ( tsubona 1995 ) has...
[ { "content": "language is a defining trait and a prominent way of communication for the human species @xcite . on the other hand , \n languages are social constructs with an entity of their own @xcite . \n these emergent objects , the shared codes that allow communication , are our concern throughout this paper...
[ { "content": "the first observational evidence of @xmath1f stellar nucleosynthesis was reported by jorissen , smith & lambert ( 1992 , hereafter jsl ) . \n these authors derived f enhancements up to a factor 50 solar in a sample of galactic agb stars , and found a correlation between this enhancement and the c ...
[ { "content": "the increasing number of large surveys carried out over the last decade has revolutionized the fields of observational cosmology and astrophysics but , at the same time , it has posed several problems . \n first of all , despite former surveys , which were primarily focused on censing and determin...
[ { "content": "in the past couple decades , tremendous effort has been put forth towards incorporating thin - film magnetic cores into integrated passive circuit elements , including inductors and transformers @xcite , for a variety of applications . \n the traditional operating frequency and flux - amplificatio...
[ { "content": "the sharp rise of the electromagnetic proton structure function , @xmath1 , toward low values of bjorken @xmath2 , discovered at hera @xcite , and the observation of a large fraction of diffractive - like events @xcite are attributed to a large gluon density in the proton at very low @xmath2 val...
[ { "content": "landscapes built of a large number of different fluxes give rise to a vast discretuum of vacua , and so will naturally contain ones that , like our own , have a tiny cosmological constant @xcite . in this paper , we show that transitions between these vacua typically occur by giant leaps , dischar...
[ { "content": "this paper is concerned with the following classical result , known as poincar inequality ( or poincar - friedrichs inequality ) : [ poincare ] let @xmath5 be a bounded domain satisfying the interior cone condition , and @xmath6 . \n then , there exists a constant @xmath1 such that @xmath7 t...
[ { "content": "the traditional cosmology has been revolutionized by modern sophisticated observation techniques in distant type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) ( e.g. riess et al . 1998 ; schmidt et al . 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) , cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) fluctuations ( e.g. bennett et al . 2003 ; sp...
[ { "content": "the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe and the phenomenon of dark energy has brought about a new surge of interest in alternatives to einstein s general relativity in the recent years @xcite . \n one of the most simple and paradigmatic of these is the jordan - brans - dicke the...
[ { "content": "since high tunneling magnetoresistance ( tmr ) was first observed at room temperature,@xcite magnetic tunnel junctions ( mtjs ) have been a focus of interest . \n extensive research has been carried out to understand and improve the properties of mtjs . a huge increase in tmr with lower junction r...
[ { "content": "the na48/2 experiment at the cern sps is searching for the charge asymmetry in the decays @xmath3 and @xmath4 . \n the experiment uses two simultaneous oppositely charged beams with a central momentum of 60 gev / c and a momentum band @xmath5 , propagating along the same beam line . \n the decay v...
[ { "content": "brown dwarfs ( bds ) are stellar - like objects . \n the only difference from ordinary stars is that the mass is too low to bring up the central temperature to the level of stable hydrogen burning , thus the bd luminosity decreases with time . as an example , from 70 myr to 10 gyr , a 0.08 @xmath4...
[ { "content": "the recently synthesized isotypic metal - rich ternary borides li@xmath0pd@xmath1b and li@xmath0pt@xmath1b @xcite , with noncentrosymmetric crystal structures , have received considerable attention because of their superconducting properties @xcite . \n the superconducting transition temperature @...
[ { "content": "the early stages of evolution of low - mass stars are relatively well characterised by the formation of a system with a central protostar , accreting material from a rotating accretion disk at scales of a few hundreds of astronomical units ( au ) , and simultaneously ejecting a collimated outflow ...