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[ { "content": "experimental realization@xcite of bose - einstein condensates ( becs ) in dilute weakly - interacting trapped bosonic atoms at ultra - low temperature initiated intense theoretical effort to describe the properties of the condensate . \n the properties of a condensate at zero temperature are usual...
[ { "content": "diffusion is one of the most fundamental dynamics in physics . in addition to being ubiquitous \n , diffusion also underlies important non - linear systems such as turing reaction - diffusion , schrdinger , fokker - planck , and navier - stokes equations . because these systems typically present s...
[ { "content": "in the main text , we used the fact that @xmath76 = \\sum _ { \\{s_r\\ } , r \\in \\mathcal{q } } \\ ; \\prod_{q \\in \\mathcal{q } } \\ , [ \\phi ( 1 - a_q ) ] ^{s_q } \\ ; [ ( 1 - \\phi ) ( 1 - b_q ) ] ^{1 - s_q } \\ ; . \n \\label{eq : app1}\\ ] ] note that eq . \n ( [ eq : app1 ] ) is...
[ { "content": "in recent years , several wide field optical transient projects , e.g. , the palomar transient factory ( ptf ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) , the panoramic survey telescope & rapid response system ( pan - starrs1 , ps1 ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) , the catalina real - time transient survey ( crt...
[ { "content": "since the earliest days of quasar research , supermassive black holes ( sbhs ) have been considered to be a likely , if not the most likely , principal agent of the activity in these sources . \n evidence for the existence of sbhs in active galactic nuclei ( agns ) , and indeed in non - active nuc...
[ { "content": "random matrices proved their usefulness in describing the spectra of quantum systems , the classical analogues of which are chaotic @xcite . \n in particular , spectral properties of the evolution operator of a deterministic quantum chaotic system seem to coincide with predictions obtained for the...
[ { "content": "a nonlinear dynamical system can be completely deterministic and its solution unique , yet two trajectories that begin close to one another may diverge significantly in a finite time . \n such sensitive dependence on initial conditions sets a fundamental limit on predictive accuracy , as these sys...
[ { "content": "substantial progress achieved during the past decade in studies of active galactic nuclei ( see @xcite for a review of recent results ) has brought an increasingly wider recognition of the ubiquity of relativistic outflows ( jets ) in galactic nuclei @xcite turning them into an effective probe o...
[ { "content": "the interaction of electrically charged particles with an external magnetic field leads to a variety of phenomena in condensed matter physics . \n the classical examples are integer and fractional quantum hall effects which have been studied extensively both experimentally and theoretically in the...
[ { "content": "the study of sub - stellar objects still presents a number of open questions . a very intriguing one is the understanding of the physical and chemical processes taking place at the transition between the spectral types l and t. the sharp near - infrared colour turnaround that characterizes the ...
[ { "content": "renormalization group theory ( rgt ) provides an explanation of the physical origin of the critical exponents and of the universality classes for standard second order transitions which is one of the most remarkable achievements of statistical physics . \n the universality rules state that the cri...
[ { "content": "the availability of high intensity neutrino beams with energies up to a few gev opens the way to precise investigation of neutrino oscillations . \n essential for these experiments is a detailed understanding of all low energy neutrino reactions especially single pion production in charged ( cc ) ...
[ { "content": "it is possible to define spherical , ellipsoidal and bipolar morphologies in a simple way : the inner surface of the nebula is defined as the merge of 2 ellipsoids intersecting in the equatorial plane . \n only 2 parameters are then needed : ellipticity _ e _ and bipolarity _ b _ ( distance betwee...
[ { "content": "in 1696 , johann bernouli posed the following brachistochrone problem _ find the shape of the curve down which a bead sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will fall from one point to another in the least time . \n _ this problem assumes that the particle is falling on a vertical plane in a...
[ { "content": "in our previous paper @xcite , we reported a monte carlo calculation of thermodynamic properties of low - density neutron matter by using nuclear effective field theory ( eft ) @xcite . \n as pairing in neutron matter is strong , neutron matter is a strongly correlated fermionic system . \n we fir...
[ { "content": "let @xmath23 denote the floor of @xmath24 , and @xmath25 the fractional part of @xmath24 , i.e. , @xmath26 . \n define @xmath27 , which counts the number of integers in @xmath28 that are ` better ' denominators for approximating @xmath29 from below . \n our proof proceeds by connecting the sum in ...
[ { "content": "transiting extrasolar planets allow the exciting possibility of studying the intrinsic physical properties of these planets . \n the last several years have seen rapid strides in this direction , with measurements of precise masses and radii , detection of numerous secondary eclipses and phase cur...
[ { "content": "gravitational lensing ( gl ) signifies the deflection of electromagnetic waves . \n light propagates in empty space along a straight line . \n the well - known theory of general relativity ( gr ) predicts that light will be bent if an object with a certain gravitational field is interposed in the ...
[ { "content": "development of tools for optimization of computer simulations is a field of great interest and activity . \n cluster updating algorithms @xcite , probability reweighting procedures @xcite and , more recently , methods @xcite that obtain directly the spectral degeneracy @xmath2 are a few examples o...
[ { "content": "ever since the first generation of bose - einstein condensates ( bec ) , it has been a central task to study quantum properties of such degenerate gases . \n surprisingly , it turned out that many properties are well explained by the gross - pitaevskii equation , which is a an effective nonlinear ...
[ { "content": "we study generic behavior of a class of discrete dynamic system models of neuronal networks . this class was designed to model the phenomenon of so - called _ dynamic clustering , _ where time appears to be partitioned into consecutive episodes during which certain groups of neurons fire together ...
[ { "content": "observational studies of the abundances of shock tracers like sio , ch@xmath0oh and the sulfur bearing molecules h@xmath1s , so , cs , ocs or so@xmath1 toward relatively evolved ( t@xmath210@xmath3@xmath4yr ) outflows and hot cores ( blake et al . 1987 ; bachiller & prez \n gutirrez 1997 ; van de...
[ { "content": "artificial spin ices @xcite are systems composed by an array of lithographically defined two - dimensional ( @xmath0 ) ferromagnetic nanostructures with single - domain islands ( elongated permalloy nanoparticles , in general ) , where the net magnetic moment of each island is assumed to be well ...
[ { "content": "* mean first - passage time of a random walker in confinement*. * a * : what is the mean time @xmath52 needed for a random walker to reach a target in a confining volume ? \n in this paper , we answer this question for random walkers with memory . * \n b * : in one dimension , the problem is to qu...
[ { "content": "physics in the context of lorentz - violating theories have been an important branch for different theoretical and experimental research in recent years . the standard model extension ( sme ) \n @xcite is the general theoretical framework for studying lorentz violation ( lv ) effects , and it is b...
[ { "content": "to make the paper self - contained we include a brief derivation of the fluctuation relation ( [ eq - fr ] ) [ eq . \n ( 3 ) of the main text ] . \n additional details can be found in refs . [ 42,43 ] and references therein . \n the main text defines forward and backward processes . \n we want to ...
[ { "content": "the * newton polytope * of a polynomial @xmath1 $ ] is the convex hull of its exponent vectors , i.e. , @xmath2 @xmath3 has * saturated newton polytope * ( snp ) if @xmath4 whenever @xmath5 . \n @xmath6 the determinant of a generic @xmath7 matrix . \n the exponent vectors correspond to permutat...
[ { "content": "au monatomic chains are produced in nanocontact experiments through different techniques,@xcite such as the scanning tunneling microscope,@xcite the high - resolution transmission electron microscope,@xcite and the mechanically controllable break - junction ( mcbj).@xcite it has been demonstrated ...
[ { "content": "the marriage of relativity and quantum mechanics is a difficult one . even for the case of special relativity \n , the interpretations can be somewhat troublesome . in the regime where the effects of quantum mechanics and special relativity are no longer negligible , \n the particle number in a sy...
[ { "content": "the high - energy sources known as soft gamma - ray repeaters ( sgrs ) are probably one of the most intriguing manifestations of young neutron stars . \n they were first discovered as transient phenomena through the observation of short ( @xmath6 1 s ) gamma - ray bursts . \n the detection of seve...
[ { "content": "landau - zener ( lz ) formula for transition probabilities at avoided crossing of two levels is one of a few fundamental results of non - stationary quantum mechanics . \n its rather general character and simplicity makes it extremely suitable for versatile applications . \n traditionally it was a...
[ { "content": "the evolving populations in galaxy clusters offer a unique opportunity to observe galaxy evolution in action , and particularly the effects of environment on star forming galaxies . \n present - day rich clusters have strikingly different populations from galaxies in poorer environments , suggesti...
[ { "content": "among over 300 extrasolar planets discovered so far only a few super - earths , that is planets with masses in the range of 2 - 10 @xmath3 , have been observed . \n however , more candidates are just waiting to be confirmed and new discoveries are going to be announced , so we can soon find oursel...
[ { "content": "the qualitative influence of quenched disorder at second - order phase transitions is well understood since harris proposed a relevance criterion @xcite based on the knowledge of the specific heat critical exponent @xmath0 of the pure model : when @xmath0 is positive , the disordered system will ...
[ { "content": "low mass dwarfs are the dominant stellar component of the galaxy and have been employed in a variety of galactic studies : tracing galactic disk kinematics ( e.g. hawley , gizis & reid 1996 ; gizis et al . \n 2002 ; bochanski et al . 2005 , 2007 ) , studying the stellar age velocity relations \n...
[ { "content": "central supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) are ubiquitous and are found in a variety of galaxies , ranging from low mass galaxies to the most massive early - type galaxies @xcite . within our current cosmological picture of hierarchical structure formation \n , galaxies form through continuous mer...
[ { "content": "an ideal in a commutative ring is irreducible if it is not expressible as an intersection of two ideals properly containing it . \n irreducible ideals are primary , and any ideal @xmath0 in a noetherian ring is an intersection of irreducible ideals . \n these _ irreducible decompositions _ are thu...
[ { "content": "a _ stochastic exponential _ of @xmath5 is a process @xmath6 defined by @xmath7 for some continuous local martingale @xmath5 , where @xmath8 denotes a quadratic variation of @xmath5 . \n it is well known that the process @xmath6 is also a continuous local martingale . \n the characterisation of th...
[ { "content": "mass accreting white dwarfs ( wds ) become novae , persistent supersoft x - ray sources ( ssss ) , or wind evolution objects , depending on the mass - accretion rate . \n very massive wds and its position in binary evolution are interesting subjects because they are closely related to type ia supe...
[ { "content": "deep x - ray surveys have progressively resolved an increasing fraction of the soft x - ray background ( xrb ) , into faint point - like sources . \n most recently , the ultra - deep _ chandra _ surveys ( @xcite , @xcite ) , have resolved over @xmath8 of the 0.52 kev xrb . \n source counts have be...
[ { "content": "in many areas of astronomy , there is a need for image processing and analysis capabilities and light curve extraction . \n one such general purpose environment is iraf . \n however , especially for ultra - precise photometry in fast - paced areas of research such as exoplanet transits and microle...
[ { "content": "an important goal of numerical relativity is to compute the gravitational waveforms generated by systems of compact astrophysical objects such as binary black holes or binary neutron stars . with the prospect that gravitational wave detectors such as ligo , virgo and geo will be on - line in the n...
[ { "content": "it was suspected as long as 150 years ago that something was blocking the light of stars on its way to earth , but it was nt until the early twentieth century that the work of barnard and trumpler confirmed the existence of obscuring clouds of interstellar dust ( whittet 1992 and references therei...
[ { "content": "the phenomenon of many - body localisation @xcite ( mbl ) refers to the breakdown of ergodicity in generic , disordered many - body systems due to quantum effects . \n this is a striking counterexample to the fundamental assumptions of statistical mechanics about the thermalization of an isolated...
[ { "content": "the following square - free algebra @xmath2 associated to an arbitrary vertex labeled graph @xmath1 was defined in @xcite , see also @xcite . \n let @xmath1 be a graph without loops on the vertex set @xmath3 ( below we always assume that all graphs might have multiple edges , but no loops ) . thro...
[ { "content": "the microwave range is rich in information on quiet - sun structures in the upper chromosphere , the transition region and the low corona ( see , for a recent review ) . \n the variation of the brightness temperature with frequency provides valuable data for modeling , while the circular polarizat...
[ { "content": "spatially homogeneous ( sh ) cosmologies are one of the main cornerstones of general relativity . on the one hand \n , they provide a rich supply of case studies for the effects that solutions of the einstein equations of general relativity can ( and will ) produce ; in particular , the behavior o...
[ { "content": "this paper is a further extension of the method proposed in @xcite as applied to another set of jump - diffusion models : inverse normal gaussian , hyperbolic and meixner . \n these models have been introduced in mathematical finance within last two decades , see @xcite . however , to the best of ...
[ { "content": "the formation of a coherent bose - einstein condensate from a thermal bose gas is a rich topic of ongoing research @xcite . \n recent experiments on thermally - quenched bose gases have observed the spontaneous formation of defects in the guise of vortices @xcite and solitonic vortices @xcite , co...
[ { "content": "gravitational lensing provides an important technique to study the matter distribution in the universe ( e.g. , kochanek , schneider & wambsganss 2004 ) . on galaxy - scales , \n simple smooth isothermal models appear to match the gravitational lenses reasonably well ( e.g. , kochanek 1991 ) , alt...
[ { "content": "low - field microwave absorption is a useful tool of detection of magnetic transitions in bulk materials and thin films @xcite . \n it is also known as nonresonant , zero - field , or magnetically - modulated microwave absorption and it was used to find the traces of ferromagnetic and superconduct...
[ { "content": "hamiltonian lattice or quasi - discrete systems have become popular in the last few years , to a considerable extent due to experimental implementations of such systems drawn from various branches of physics . \n one of the first examples where such developments became relevant was in the nonlinea...
[ { "content": "an object moving in a background medium induces a gravitational wake . \n the asymmetry of the mass density distribution upstream and downstream from the perturber produces a drag on the body , which is often referred to as gravitational drag or dynamical friction ( df ) force . \n a body in orbit...
[ { "content": "the large - scale structure of the universe represents one of the most powerful discriminants between cosmological models . \n qsos are highly effective probes of the structure of the universe over a wide range of scales and can trace clustering evolution over a look - back time which is 70 - 80 p...
[ { "content": "single transverse spin asymmetries ( ssas ) in high energy hadronic reactions continue to attract much theoretical and experimental interest . \n they are defined as differences of cross sections when one of the initial hadrons transverse spin is flipped , divided by the sum : @xmath0 . \n the the...
[ { "content": "we consider the initial boundary value problem @xmath2 where @xmath3 \\times [ 0 , \\infty ) \\longrightarrow \\mathbb{r}^2 $ ] is the unknown function @xmath4 . \n @xmath5 is the vector field @xmath6 and the reynolds number @xmath1 is a positive parameter . \n the forcing @xmath7 is a given @xmat...
[ { "content": "high fidelity controlled - phase ( cz ) gates were recently demonstrated for adjacent qubits in a 5-qubit quantum processor @xcite . \n for a two - qubit gate , cz fidelity as high as 99.4% was obtained using the phase shift from near crossing of the @xmath0 and @xmath1 states , similar to previou...
[ { "content": "globular star clusters have remarkably simple structures that are well approximated by isotropic , single - mass @xcite models . in the multi - dimensional space of all their structural quantities such as scale radii , central concentration , surface brightness , velocity dispersion , mass - to - ...
[ { "content": "the extreme mass ratio inspirals ( emris ) are one of the most important sources of gravitational waves ( gws ) for future space detectors such as the elisa / ngo mission @xcite , and terrestrial detectors like the einstein telescope @xcite . \n these systems are composed of a stellar mass compa...
[ { "content": "_ discrete element method _ simulations have been widely employed in scientific studies and industrial applications to understand the behavior of complex many - particle systems such as granular materials . \n the common property of these methods is that the time evolution of the system is treated...
[ { "content": "extending general relativity ( gr ) to more general actions with respect to the hilbert - einstein one is revealing a very fruitful approach in modern physics . from a conceptual point of view \n , there is no _ a priori _ reason to restrict the gravitational lagrangian to a linear function of the...
[ { "content": "here we evaluate the linear response of the junction to a vanishingly small ac excitation @xmath119 added to the static phase difference @xmath3 of the junction . \n this can be done exactly , even in presence of the environment @xcite . at the lowest order in the tunneling hamiltonian and in the ...
[ { "content": "with the advancement of science , low noise measurements at low temperatures are becoming increasingly important . \n experiments probing quantum mechanical phenomena require high degree of immunity from stray noise present in our surroundings . though it is relatively easy to reach temperatures a...
[ { "content": "over the years , extensive research has been carried out seeking the exact soliton solutions of both periodic ( e.g. , sine - gordon , double sine - gordon ) and nonperiodic ( e.g. , @xmath0 , @xmath1 ) field theory models . \n for example , the exactly solvable sine - gordon ( sg ) equation @xcit...
[ { "content": "structural biology aims at the understanding of the biological function of proteins by studying their three - dimensional structure . \n the major method for determining such macromolecular three - dimensional structure is x - ray crystallography @xcite . \n requirements on the crystal samples set...
[ { "content": "for stochastic growth models in the kardar - parisi - zhang ( kpz ) universality class over a one - dimensional substrate the height fluctuations `` always '' broaden as @xmath1 . \n on the other hand the full probability density function depends on the choice of the initial data . \n as well know...
[ { "content": "in @xcite ( 2013 ; hereafter paper i ) we studied a sample of 296 faint ( @xmath2 mjy ) sources selected from the tenth cambridge survey ( 10c ; @xcite ) at 15.7 ghz in the lockman hole . \n the 10c survey was made with the arcminute microkelvin imager ( ami ; @xcite ) and covers ten fields comp...
[ { "content": "masses of galaxy clusters have traditionally been obtained either from measurements of the velocity dispersion of the galaxies or from the temperature of the x - ray emitting gas , and have given a great deal of input to cosmology : these results have shown that the total cluster mass greatly exce...
[ { "content": "since its identification @xcite , the thick disk has been shown to have distinct kinematics ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) and a distinct metallicity distribution ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) from the stellar halo and thin disk of the milky way galaxy . \n the formatio...
[ { "content": "modeling chemical reactions is an important practical and theoretical problem \n . systems of reacting particles are typical of complex irreversible non - equilibrium systems \n . the popular description of these systems in terms of simple rate equations currently adopted in chemical kinetics @xci...
[ { "content": "the formation of the first stars marks the beginnings of structure formation , cosmic reionization , and chemical enrichment ( e.g. , @xcite and references within ) . \n these so - called population iii stars formed out of metal - free primordial gas at the centers of dark matter minihalos @xcite ...
[ { "content": "doping of semiconductor crystallites of nanometer size , or quantum dots ( qds ) , allows tuning the transport , electric , optical and magnetic properties for the purpose of tailoring proposed quantum devices @xcite . \n incorporation of impurities into qds provides charge carriers that strongly ...
[ { "content": "asteroseismology is a method to extract information about the internal structure and evolution of stars by means of the study of their oscillatory pattern . \n this technique , very sophisticated in the case of the sun , has also undergone a strong development in other stars , in particular the pu...
[ { "content": "the lattice boltzmann methods in their original form ( see @xcite ) do not guarantee the proper entropy production and may violate the second law . \n the proper entropy balance remains up to now a challenging problem for many lattice boltzmann models @xcite . the entropic lattice boltzmann met...
[ { "content": "one of the main challenges for the innermost tracking detectors after the upgrade to the hl - lhc with an instantaneous luminosity of up to will be the exposure to high radiation . \n the atlas pixel system will be prospectively exposed to particle fluences up to ( 1 mev neutron equivalent ) @xci...
[ { "content": "computation of spectra of convolution operators on discrete groups was one of the motivations behind the development of free probability . \n it has some interest for harmonic analysis and analysis of random walks on free products of discrete groups , where under the name of the _ transition opera...
[ { "content": "nanostructures have become the system of choice for studying transport over the past few years@xcite . starting with 2d ( two dimensional ) electron systems at the interface of two different materials several decades ago@xcite , \n recently it has shifted to 2d _ relativistic _ \n materials e. g....
[ { "content": "decentralized control has been a challenging area of open research for over three decades . however , these problems are still intractable in general . in one of the earliest works \n , it was shown that for a linear system subject to quadratic cost and gaussian noise , complex nonlinear controlle...
[ { "content": "the study of quantum irreversibility @xcite has become lately of much interest @xcite due to its potential relevance to quantum computing , and to the theory of dephasing @xcite . \n following @xcite we define in section 2 the main object of the present paper : this is the `` fidelity '' , also k...
[ { "content": "quantum key distribution ( qkd ) has attracted great attention as a feasible application of quantum information science with the current device technology @xcite . \n the goal of a qkd protocol is to share a random bit sequence not known by the eavesdropper eve , between the legitimate sender alic...
[ { "content": "real - world data such as those obtained from neuroscience , chemometrics , data mining or sensor - rich environments are often extremely high - dimensional , severely underconstrained ( few data samples compared to the dimensionality of the data ) and interspersed with a large number of irrelevan...
[ { "content": "although _ cut - off radii _ of spiral galaxies are known for about 20 years no unique physical explanation has been given to describe this observational phenomenon . \n they were already mentioned by van der kruit ( @xcite ) , who stated , based on photographic material , that the outer parts of ...
[ { "content": "in our previous paper @xcite we consider fair division of ( private , divisible ) items under linear preferences , represented for convenience by additive utilities . \n we explain there the appeal of this domain restriction for the practical implementation of division rules vindicated by theoreti...
[ { "content": "snow / sand erosion and deposition due to wind emit many deposited particles into the atmosphere , and drifting snow and dust storms are generated as massive particles are transported . \n additionally , fluid - particle and particle - particle interactions increase spatial heterogeneity , resulti...
[ { "content": "after recombining at @xmath1 , the intergalactic medium ( igm ) remains neutral until the formation of the first luminous sources in the universe . these act to reionize the universe , leading to the fully ionized \n igm seen today ( neutral fraction @xmath2 ) . \n the epoch of cosmic reionization...
[ { "content": "* x - ray powder diffraction refinements and anisotropic stains . * the observed and refined x - ray powder patterns at 10 k and 300 k \n are shown in fig . \n the listed reliability factors in the caption indicate good refinements . in fig . \n s1b , the full width at half maximum of the nuclear ...
[ { "content": "the recent discovery of superconductivity in sr@xmath3ruo@xmath4 has attracted much theoretical and experimental interest @xcite . \n the time reversal symmetry is broken for the superconductor sr@xmath3ruo@xmath4 , and the magnetic field is spontaneously induced as shown by @xmath5sr experiment ....
[ { "content": "there exists evidence from lattice simulations that qcd vacuum is a dual superconductor in the confining phase , and undergoes a transition to normal state at deconfinement temperature@xcite . \n this support the idea that confinement is produced by dual meissner effect@xcite . \n however there ar...
[ { "content": "of the limiting factors of connecting things to the internet using wireless technologies is the availability of energy . \n one solution is provided by the modulated back - scattering ( mbs ) systems , such as rfid , where the nodes ( tags ) modulate their information onto a carrier generated by a...
[ { "content": "cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) observations carry a wealth of information about the universe . \n indeed , an accurate knowledge of the cmb anisotropies can place tight constraints on fundamental parameters as well as to discriminate between competing theories of structure formation . \n futu...
[ { "content": "multifractals appear in a wide range of situations like energy dissipation in turbulent flows@xcite , electronic eigenstates at metal insulator transition@xcite , diffusion in porous structures@xcite , diffusion limited aggregation@xcite , fluctuations in finance@xcite , dynamics of human heartbea...
[ { "content": "elliptical galaxies are no longer seen as simple isothermal objects that follow a de vaucouleurs - law and that are chemically well mixed . \n color gradients indicating that elliptical galaxy centres have redder colours than the outer regions ( e.g. @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ) , and variations in ...
[ { "content": "with the more and more observational data available from far sky , the need for a change in the standard cosmological paradigm becomes inevitable . \n prior to 1998 when we had no idea about the accelerating mode of expansion the available observational data were well fit in the standard einstein ...
[ { "content": "the purpose of this note is to construct infinitely many counterexamples to a conjecture of honda , kazez and mati from @xcite . for the basic notions of contact topology not recalled below we refer the reader to @xcite . \n let @xmath0 be a compact , oriented surface with boundary and @xmath1 t...
[ { "content": "originally predicted by schrdinger in the study of the dirac equation @xcite , zitterbewegung ( zb ) refers to the trembling motion of a freely - moving relativistic quantum particle that arises from the interference between the positive- and negative - energy parts of the spinor wave function @xc...
[ { "content": "since its discovery in 1945 by purcell , torrey and pound , nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) has become a powerful physical tool to study molecules and matter in a variety of domains extending from biology and chemistry to solid physics and quantum mechanics @xcite . \n nmr involves the manipula...
[ { "content": "the appearance of non local operators in the relativistic extensions of the schrdinger equation poses a serious challenge both to analytical and numerical calculations . \n however , the inclusion of relativistic effects is crucial for example in the study of meson phenomenology , where the bethe...
[ { "content": "the study of the stellar content and the determination of the distances of hii regions and star - forming complexes associated with massive molecular clouds are fundamental for the determination of the spiral structure and the rotation curve of the galaxy . \n also , the assessment of galactic gra...
[ { "content": "recent generations of field programmable gate arrays ( fpgas ) have become incredibly powerful logic devices . with companion sensors and a data interface , \n they become valuable data collection nodes for the physical sciences . for certain applications , \n it has become apparent that these log...
[ { "content": "it has been well - established that high-@xmath0 cuprate superconductors have an anisotropic @xmath1 energy gap . \n this gap vanishes at four nodes @xmath5 , so the low - energy elementary excitations are gapless nodal quasiparticles ( qps ) with a linear energy spectrum . \n these nodal qps are ...