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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "the fate of the most massive stars in galaxies is not well understood . \n such stars have been theoretically linked to black - hole formation , to some gamma - ray burst sources , and to early metal enrichment in the universe ( e.g. , umeda & nomoto 2003 ) . in principle , stars with initial mass...
[ { "content": "cerebellum deserves more extensive studies than was conventionally realized . \n historically , cerebellum was thought of as mainly a motor control organ , while recent researches reveal that it has many other functions , and it has more intimate connections to other parts of the brain @xcite . \n...
[ { "content": "the key to understanding the star formation history of galaxies is determining the age of their underlying stellar populations and the amount chemical evolution that those populations have undergone . \n historically , these issues have been addressed separately and by morphological type . \n for ...
[ { "content": "we consider the geometric flow equations @xmath3 and ask whether closed strictly convex @xmath4-dimensional surfaces @xmath5 in @xmath6 converge to round points or to spheres at @xmath7 . \n the answer is affirmative for many normal velocities @xmath8 , including certain powers of the gauss curvat...
[ { "content": "the structure of the qcd phase diagram is intimately related to our understanding of fundamental features of qcd , like for example confinement dynamics and chiral symmetry breaking , and to their interplay with in - medium effects like a nonzero temperature or quark density . \n this is the reaso...
[ { "content": "various mesomorphic structures can be prepared using the strong ( ionic ) or weak ( hydrogen ) bonding , respectively , between homopolymers and head functionalized oligomers or surfactants @xcite . \n the interaction between the head group of the oligomeric molecule and suitable groups on the ho...
[ { "content": "collective spin dynamics in dilute magnetic semiconductors ( dms ) is an active field under intense investigations.@xcite this field provides an insight into the origins of carrier - induced ferromagnetism in semiconductors @xcite and an understanding of particular features of the dms @xcite due t...
[ { "content": "the aim of this review is to provide a snapshot of the present status of dynamical fermion simulations , both as regards their performance and the possible sources of systematic errors that are not fully under control , as well as an introduction to some of the algorithmic ideas that are currently...
[ { "content": "in a recent paper @xcite , smirnov & smirnov have studied the scattering of two - dimensional ( 2d ) vortex - antivortex pairs and solitons by a single quantum vortex in a homogeneous atomic bose - einstein condensate . \n they found that the pair is scattered over large angles radiating sound wav...
[ { "content": "graph layout problems are a class of combinatorial optimization problems whose goal is to find a layout of an input graph _ \n g _ to optimize a certain objective function . a linear layout or layout of an undirected graph @xmath1 , where @xmath2 is the bijective function @xmath3=\\{1,2,\\dots,\\e...
[ { "content": "the combined analysis of the type ia supernovae , galaxy clusters measurements and wmap ( wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe ) data brings out clearly an evidence of the accelerated expansion of the universe @xcite-@xcite . \n the cosmological acceleration strongly indicates that the present da...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of oxypnictides lafeaso@xmath2f@xmath3@xcite , bafe@xmath4as@xmath4@xcite , lifeas@xcite and fe@xmath5se@xcite , the fe pnictides high - temperature superconductors have attracted extensive attention . \n there are numerous experimental studies regarding the electronic states o...
[ { "content": "the kinematics of an off - axis neutrino beam in the approximation where the parent meson beam is divergenceless was posed as a problem to the student in these archives a long time ago . \n however , the author of @xcite seems not to have noticed that the problem is amenable to an exact treatment ...
[ { "content": "type ia supernovae ( sne ia ; see filippenko 1997 for a review of supernova classification ) are the thermonuclear runaway explosions of carbon / oxygen white dwarfs ( see , e.g. , hillebrandt & niemeyer 2000 for a review ) . \n they can be used as standardizable candles with many important appl...
[ { "content": "i.n . and m.l.s . \n contributed equally to this work . \n the authors gratefully acknowledge w. venstra for useful discussion , a. di michele and p. sassi for raman analysis . \n the authors acknowledge financial support from the european commission ( fpvii , grant agreement no : 318287 , landaue...
[ { "content": "the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking and the mechanism that generates the masses of the known fundamental particles is one of the central challenges of particle physics . \n the higgs mechanism @xcite in its most general form can be used to explain the observed masses of the @xmath0 and @x...
[ { "content": "the three - dimensional distribution of galaxies observed in redshift surveys differs from the true one since the distance to each galaxy can not be determined by its redshift @xmath8 only ; for @xmath9 the peculiar velocity of galaxies , typically @xmath10 , contaminates the true recession veloci...
[ { "content": "the unified model of active galactic nuclei ( agns ) @xcite assumes the existence of dust torus that surrounds the central hierarchical structure consisting of a super massive black hole , an accretion disk , and a broad line region ( blr ) . \n the dust grains in the torus absorb the uv / optical...
[ { "content": "we first consider an effective continuum model of the surface states of a ti and their coupling to local magnetic impurities using the hamiltonian @xmath6 here @xmath7 is the fermi velocity of the surface states , @xmath8 denotes the vector of pauli matrices , and @xmath9 is the electron annihilat...
[ { "content": "topological sigma models , first put forward by witten @xcite , have long fascinated a number of theoretical physicists and mathematicians . \n most remarkably , the task of summing up worldsheet instantons is nowadays elegantly formulated by the theory of gromov - witten invariants . \n explicit ...
[ { "content": "dynamic self - organization of motile components can be observed in a wide range of length scales , from bird flocks @xcite to bacterial colonies @xcite and assemblies of motor and structural proteins @xcite . \n the fascination with these phenomena has naturally inspired researchers to use a phys...
[ { "content": "the procedure of determining parton distributions by so - called global fits to data , mainly structure functions , is long established @xcite-@xcite \n . however , it is a rather more recent development to try to determine the errors on these distributions at the same time . \n this has come abou...
[ { "content": "over the last few decades , quantum spin ladders have been actively studied mainly in connection with spin - liquid behaviour , quantum critical points and superconductivity under hole doping of some cuprates ( see ref . [ ] for a review ) . in particular , the frustrated spin-1/2 heisenberg two -...
[ { "content": "equilibrium equations in the form of complementarity conditions often appear as constraints in optimization problems . \n problems of this type are commonly referred to as mathematical programs with complementarity constraints ( mpccs ) , and arise in many engineering and economic applications ; s...
[ { "content": "quantum phase transitions ( qpts ) that happened at the zero temperature is purely a phenomenon of ground state ( gs ) transition driven by external parameters . \n traditionally , qpts are described in terms of order parameter and symmetry breaking within the landau - ginzburg paradigm which have...
[ { "content": "( also hd 331102 , bd+30 3704 , tyc 2656 - 3703 - 1 , @xmath11 ) is an early type ( b9.5+b9.5 ) detached , eccentric , double - lined eclipsing binary with a relatively long period of 15.33 days @xcite and nearly identical components . the first photoelectric light curve was obtained and analy...
[ { "content": "in this paper we consider the spaces @xmath3 of imbeddings of the circle into @xmath2 and the spaces @xmath6 of imbeddings of the real line into @xmath2 with fixed behavior at infinity , namely , imbeddings that coincide with a fixed imbedded line in @xmath2 outside a compact subset . \n when @xma...
[ { "content": "weak measurements as an extension of quantum measurements were first introduced by aharonov , albert , and vaidman @xcite . in quantum measurements , the observable of system couples a probe state with a pointer whose value can be read out by a meter . in general , \n the conventional quantum mea...
[ { "content": "of all the problems quantum gravity is beset with , the most serious is the absence of experimental data even if we had the correct theory how would we know ? \n would its beauty alone reveal its truth ? depending on philosophical prejudices sometimes this is answered affirmatively , but more cau...
[ { "content": "statistical deposition models have attracted much attention in the last years because they may describe real systems features by representing the basic growth mechanisms as simple stochastic processes , thus neglecting the details of the microscopic interactions @xcite . \n some examples are the ...
[ { "content": "the binary millisecond pulsar psr j1740 - 5340 was recently discovered in the globular cluster ngc 6397 by damico et al . \n ( 2001a ) with the parkes radio telescope . they reported a spin period of @xmath5ms , a @xmath6 day circular orbit , and eclipses at @xmath7 ghz that last for more than 40%...
[ { "content": "the gray - scott model @xcite is a widely - studied model of a pair of reactions involving cubic autocatalysis . \n it has been applied in reaction - diffusion models in one @xcite , two @xcite and three @xcite dimensions . \n widely - known results include the existence of stable single spots , s...
[ { "content": "the explosive growth in the number of mobile devices running the android platform has attracted the attention of hackers for the wealth of sensitive information that are usually stored on mobile devices , including phone numbers , short messages , confidential emails and correspondences , and bank...
[ { "content": "the detection of linear polarization at the level of @xmath4 in the optical afterglow emission of several gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ; see * ? ? ? \n * for a review ) has been widely considered as a confirmation that synchrotron emission is the dominant radiation mechanism , at least in the aftergl...
[ { "content": "many experiments have attempted to directly detect weakly interacting massive particle ( wimp ) dark matter candidates via their elastic scattering on target nuclei @xcite . \n the lux experiment has recently limited the spin - independent cross sections to be under @xmath3 for 33 gev wimp mass ...
[ { "content": "insb(001 ) substrates ( @xmath10-type , carrier concentration of 2@xmath610@xmath11 @xmath12 ) were cleaned by repeated cycles of sputtering and annealing up to 680 k until the @xmath15(8@xmath62 ) low - energy electron diffraction ( leed ) pattern was observed . \n then , a nominal 3 monolayers (...
[ { "content": "@xmath0 centauri ( ngc 5139 ) is , to the best of our knowledge , the most massive globular cluster in the milky way , with a mass around @xmath3 @xcite . \n furthermore , it shows peculiar chemical and dynamical features , such as the wide spread in metallicity distribution of member stars @xcite...
[ { "content": "modeling and simulation of multiphase fluid systems with a realistic equation of state ( e.g. peng - robinson equation of state @xcite ) has become an attractive and challenging research topic in the chemical and reservoir engineering @xcite . \n it plays very important role in the pore scale mode...
[ { "content": "recently the space of closed curves on a surface attracted a lot of attention . \n the interest was initiated by the work of v. arnold @xcite , who axiomatically defined invariants @xmath10 and @xmath11 of generic curves on @xmath12 . in order to define axiomatically this kind of invariants o...
[ { "content": "graphic lambda calculus consists of a class of graphs endowed with moves between them . \n it might be considered a visual language in the sense of erwig @xcite . \n the name `` graphic lambda calculus '' comes from the fact that it can be used for representing terms and reductions from untyped la...
[ { "content": "the study of vortices in planar chern - simons ( cs ) models has been pioneered in refs . @xcite . since then , a lot of investigations on chern - simons vortices have been done ; see , e.g. , dunne1,dunne2,sakai , schap . during the past years , however , theories with non - canonical kinetic te...
[ { "content": "conventional superconductors in their superconducting state are characterized by opening of the superconducting gap ( sg ) in the electronic density of states ( dos ) . \n superconductivity appears when electrons bind into cooper pairs and condense with long - range order below the superconducting...
[ { "content": "the problem of distributed estimation is one of very active topics in the modern control theory and signal processing literature . \n interest in this problem is motivated by a growing number of applications where a decision about the observed process must be made simultaneously by spatially distr...
[ { "content": "several texts provide an elementary derivation of the kinematics of special relativity , eventually based on the first part of einstein s fundamental paper of 1905 . \n @xcite starting from the two postulates of the total equivalence of inertial reference systems , and of the constancy of the spee...
[ { "content": "certain anisotropic molecules such as n@xmath2 , c@xmath3 , and kcn form a cubic crystal and , at lower temperatures , they undergo an orientation phase transition with a specific - heat peak @xcite , where the crystal structure changes to a noncubic one . furthermore , mixtures of anisotropic par...
[ { "content": "supernovae ( sne ) and supernova remnants ( snr s ) are thought to be the main `` drivers '' of the starburst phenomenon ( @xcite ) . \n detailed radio observations for supernovae and supernova remnants are few , due to the fact that only a small subset of the extragalactic sne discovered each yea...
[ { "content": "the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) is investigated in large - scale lattice gauge theory simulations @xcite and heavy - ion collision experiments at cern - sps and rhic brookhaven @xcite , where the approximately baryon - free region at finite temperatures is accessible and consen...
[ { "content": "spin - triplet superconductivity , which is arousing much interests in recent years , is fascinating in a number of ways . \n theoretically , a most intriguing question is the following : if we consider the electron mechanism of superconductivity in the most frequently adopted hubbard model with a...
[ { "content": "sn ia observations ( riess et al . 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) confirmed that the observable universe is undergoing an accelerated expansion . \n this acceleration is realized due to unknown cosmic fluid - dark energy ( de ) which have positive energy density and negative pressure . \n so , i...
[ { "content": "quantum correlations arising in space - like separated measurement events can be subject to strong correlations that can not be explained by classical physics @xcite . the strength of classical correlations is bounded by bell inequalities , which are known to have quantum violations , certifying t...
[ { "content": "for many years , it was thought that fermi statistics were fundamental , in the sense that one could only obtain a theory with fermionic excitations by introducing them by hand ( via anti - commuting fields ) . \n then , over the past two decades , this view began to change . \n a number of real w...
[ { "content": "coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) are large scale eruptions of magnetized plasma from the solar atmosphere into the interplanetary space . \n it is generally accepted that their energy source is derived from the free energy contained in sheared or twisted magnetic fields @xcite . \n many cme models ...
[ { "content": "since our spacetime may ultimately prove to be discrete , field theories on discrete spacetimes have developed an interest in and of themselves @xcite . \n in particular , field theories on two - dimensional discrete spacetimes can be interpreted as string theories with a discrete string worldshee...
[ { "content": "previous studies of strings in backgrounds with compact extra - dimensions have led to an increased understanding of the formation and evolution of string loops with non - trivial windings in the internal space . \n both generic scenarios and compactification schemes specific to type iib string th...
[ { "content": "in the last decade much attention has been focused on the possibility that a sizable fraction of galactic dark matter consist of machos ( massive astrophysical compact halo object ) . since 1992 , the macho ( alcock et al . 1993 ) and \n eros ( aubourg et al . 1993 ) collaborations have looked tow...
[ { "content": "gravitational lensing signatures are a response to the projected surface mass column density of matter @xmath12 along the line of sight in galaxies and clusters . upon a suitable deprojection and circular averaging , an estimate of @xmath13 can , \n in principle , be used to trace the spherically ...
[ { "content": "recently , euclidean simplicial quantum gravity(sqg ) with the additional matter fields has been investigated with using the monte - carlo simulation . from the previous numerical simulation@xcite \n , we expect the four - dimensional(4d ) simplicial model realizes the realistic 4d quantum gravity...
[ { "content": "spin properties of electrons in semiconductor heterostructures have become in recent years subject of intense experimental and theoretical interest because of their inherent scientific value as well as possible spintronic applications . among numerous heterostructures \n , the system gaas / ga@xma...
[ { "content": "lattice - gauge calculations yield a non - vanishing value of the quark condensate @xmath3 in the qcd vacuum @xcite , indicating that chiral symmetry is broken . \n this general feature of the vacuum remains present even for massless quarks because the symmetry is then broken spontaneously . on th...
[ { "content": "while it is clear that young stars are clustered hierarchically , with ob associations and clusters inside complexes and superassociations , the extent to which there are universal clustering scales is controversial . historically , typical sizes assigned to stellar groupings have depended at leas...
[ { "content": "the cuo@xmath4 plaquette is the key structural element in the majority of low - dimensional copper oxides @xcite . ideally , it consists of the cu atom at the center of the square formed by four oxygen atoms . \n the valence 2 + of the cu ion corresponds to the atomic configuration in which all @...
[ { "content": "transition - metal dichalcogenides , similar to graphite , are layered materials with weak interlayer van der waals interaction . \n these materials can be exfoliated to single to few - layer samples as the fabrication of graphene.@xcite among these samples , monolayer molybdenum disulphide ( mos@...
[ { "content": "various effects of flooding can drastically alter an ecosystem . some of the factors that could potentially harm trees include alteration of soil factors , disturbance of plant life , and degeneration of habitat . during a flood , soil is altered by erosion , deoxygenation , and reconfiguration ( ...
[ { "content": "numerical approximations of the perfectly matched layer ( pml ) @xcite for maxwell s equations in first order form often exhibit a late time linear or exponential energy growth , see for example @xcite . \n this unwanted growth can spread into the computational domain and ruin the accuracy of a nu...
[ { "content": "the experimental results of the past decade indicate that the chiral lagrangian describing ewsb works to one loop accuracy and irrelevant operators ( such as @xmath0 , where @xmath1 are the goldstone bosons eaten by @xmath2 and @xmath3 ) are suppressed by a scale @xmath4 . \n this strongly indicat...
[ { "content": "two types of experimental methods can be used to detect neutrino oscillations : observing the appearance of a neutrino flavour initially absent in the beam or measuring the disappearance rate of the initial flavour . in the latter case , one must know the flux of the beam precisely . in this type ...
[ { "content": "quality assessment of photographs is not a new issue arising with digital cameras . \n birkhoff , back in 1933 proposed that the aesthetic appeal of objects relates to the ratio of order and complexity in images . \n the hardness in this task is to define order and complexity [ 4 ] . with the adve...
[ { "content": "in recent years , the discovery of accelerating expansion of the universe is an amazing development . \n it was firstly discovered by observing type ia supernova ( sne ia ) @xcite , which can be used as standard candles @xcite . the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) \n measurements from wilkins...
[ { "content": "secant varieties have received growing attention in recent times , largely because of the fact that they provide a geometric model relevant to a wide variety of applications . \n the purpose of this note is to provide a case study in finding equations of secant varieties . for an introduction to s...
[ { "content": "the cosmological constant problem is by far the most severe fine - tuning problem in physics . despite many interesting proposals ( see for a review ) the problem still lacks a compelling solution . \n recently , there has been an interesting idea in the context of the ` brane universe ' scenario ...
[ { "content": "in this supplementary material we first show that the inter - particle interaction of the @xmath35 shape , used throughout the present study , appears naturally in the context of the `` rydberg - dressed '' atoms . \n so , it is possible to verify all the predicted physics within presently availab...
[ { "content": "here the parameter selection used in this study is discussed . \n no attempt has been made to determine precisely values such for the best fit to pipe flow . \n the models are not sufficiently quantitative that exact comparisons are called for at this time . \n moreover , the phenomena presented i...
[ { "content": "it is well known that isospin invariance is not an exact symmetry of strong interactions . consequently , nuclear forces have a small but measurable charge - dependent component . the equality between proton - proton ( @xmath6 ) [ or neutron - neutron ( @xmath7 ) ] and neutron - proton ( @xmath8 )...
[ { "content": "ices are important constituents in the collisional formation of comets and planetesimals in protoplanetary disks . \n as various species of ice appear in different distances to the central star due to their individual sublimation pressures , there are various icelines within the disk . \n planet f...
[ { "content": "as discussed earlier in this conference by dave meier , the theoretical framework for the formation of relativistic jets due to the accretion of matter onto a supermasive black hole is well developed . \n observations of jet kinematics obtained by multi - epoch high resolution imaging provides tes...
[ { "content": "there are in the literature several global descriptions of variable stars . \n we can mention four books , one by richter , wenzel and hoffmeister ( 1985 , out of print ) , one by sterken and jaschek @xcite , one by percy ( @xcite ) and one , soon to come , by aerts et al . \n there have also been...
[ { "content": "galaxy - galaxy gravitational lensing is a powerful astrophysical tool for studying the distribution of matter , including dark matter , in galaxies @xcite \n . one promising application of lensing is to study and measure the properties of dark matter substructures in the lens galaxy @xcite . in r...
[ { "content": "launched in june 2008 , the _ fermi _ \n @xmath1-ray space telescope affords an ideal opportunity to investigate the inner workings of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) . to date , _ fermi _ has spent over 95% of its lifetime in _ all - sky - survey _ observing mode , whereby the large area telescope...
[ { "content": "40004000 = 1000 # 10=to 0.50#1msf= msf=1000 0.35 in the nuclear impact on cosmology : the diagram 0.2 in craig j. copi@xmath13 and david n. schramm@xmath14 0.2 in _ \n @xmath15department of physics + the university of chicago , chicago , il 60637 - 1433 _ + 0.1 in _ @xmath16nasa / f...
[ { "content": "a detailed study of the beam energy ( @xmath4 ) , transverse momentum ( @xmath0 ) and system size dependence of identified hadron production will provide the necessary data to understand the mechanism of energy loss , and put constraints on parameters in energy loss model calculations like initial...
[ { "content": "the origin of hot hydrogen - deficient post - agb stars ( spectral types [ wc ] and pg1159 ) is supposed to be a late he - shell flash . \n detailed summaries on their spectroscopic characteristics and quantitative analyses , and relevant evolutionary calculations can be found e.g. in werner ( 20...
[ { "content": "the statistical properties of the ultraviolet variability of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) have been investigated by paltani & courvoisier ( @xcite ) ( hereafter pc94 ) . \n this study , which was based on spectra obtained by the _ international ultraviolet explorer _ ( iue ) from the ulda ( _ un...
[ { "content": "a very important assumption of the standard model of cosmology ( @xmath0 ) is based on the homogeneous and isotropic friedmann - lemaitre - robertson - walker solutions of einstein s equations . the homogeneity and the isotropy \n are considered on large scale in the universe . \n the universe is ...
[ { "content": "the understanding of few - body systems relies in our capability to design methods for finding an exact or approximate solution of the @xmath0body problem . in two- , three- , and four - body problems it is possible to obtain mathematically correct and computationally tractable equations such as t...
[ { "content": "here , we give some further details on the three - site model given by eq . \n ( [ eqn : eq1 ] ) of the main text which in its explicit form reads @xmath95 the equations of motion are obtained straight forwardly by using heisenberg s equation of motion . the mechanical phases \n @xmath33 evolve ac...
[ { "content": "1 . solar neutrino spectrum in the ssm [ 1 ] . \n 2 . typical oscillation factor . \n 3 . typical lwvo solutions [ 8 ] . \n eigenvalues of propagation matrix versus density @xmath37 . \n 5 . the msw bathtub ; suppression factor @xmath95 versus @xmath96 . 6 . \n msw solutions [ 16 ] . \n ty...
[ { "content": "we denote by @xmath3 the * binary boole algebra * , endowed with the discrete topology and with the usual laws . let be the boolean function @xmath4 and @xmath5 we define \n @xmath6 by @xmath7@xmath8 @xmath9 represents the function resulting from @xmath10 when this one is not computed , in g...
[ { "content": "we present a phenomenological model that seeks to explain abundances of a large number of elements in ultra - metal - poor ( ump ) stars with [ fe / h ] @xmath9 and extend this model to metal - poor ( mp ) stars with @xmath8}<-1 $ ] . recently \n burris et al . ( 2000 ) reported abundances of hea...
[ { "content": "measurements of galaxy rotation curves form the foundation of much of our understanding of galaxy formation , structure , and dynamics ( e.g. , binney & merrifield 1998 ; binney & tremaine 2008 ; mo , van den bosch , & white 2010 ) . the current knowledge of galaxy rotation is based entirely on ob...
[ { "content": "since 1995 and the discovery of the first exoplanet orbiting a sun - like star @xcite , the number of detected exoplanets has been steadily increasing . with now almost 1500 confirmed exoplanets ( http://exoplanets.org/ ) and around 20 of them good candidates to host surface liquid water ( http://...
[ { "content": "since the pioneering paper by kosterlitz and thouless @xcite , the @xmath0 model is considered the classical example of discrete spin system exhibiting phase transitions mediated by the formation and the interaction of topological singularities . even at zero temperature \n the model presents inte...
[ { "content": "leclerc and zelevinsky @xcite , in their study of quasicommuting families of quantum minors , introduced the following notion of weakly separated sets . \n let @xmath0 and @xmath1 be two subsets of @xmath2:=\\ { 1,2 , \\ldots , n \\}$ ] . \n leclerc and zelevinsky @xcite , defined @xmath0 and @xma...
[ { "content": "the measurement of the fluctuations in the kaon to pion ratio by the na49 collaboration was the first event - by - event analysis in nucleus - nucleus collisions @xcite . \n it was suggested that this ratio might allow to distinguish events with enhanced strangeness production attributed to the qg...
[ { "content": "the most natural way of defining the entropy of a quantum system is to use the von neumann entropy : @xmath0\\ , , \\label{entropy : vn}\\ ] ] where @xmath1 denotes the density operator which in the schrdinger picture satisfies the von neumann equation : @xmath2 \\ , , \\label{density op : eom}\\ ...
[ { "content": "in this section we briefly introduce the main parts of our experimental setup ( for details , see appendix [ app : setup ] ) , discuss our measurement protocols , and show how we ensure that we measure steady values for the rheology . \n we probe the rheology of weakly vibrated granular flows in a...
[ { "content": "neuronal networks exhibit diverse patters of activity , including oscillations , synchronization and waves . during neuronal activity , \n each neuron can receive inputs by thousands of other neurons and , when it reaches a threshold , redistributes this integrated activity back to the neuronal ne...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be the finite field of characteristic @xmath1 with @xmath2 elements . \n an elliptic curve @xmath3 over a finite field @xmath0 is given by the _ weierstrass equation _ \n @xmath4 where the coefficients @xmath5 are in @xmath0 ; see @xcite for a general background and see @xcite for cr...
[ { "content": "-0.5 cm granular gases @xcite are usually described as collections of macroscopic particles with rough surfaces and dissipative interactions . in order to study them , kinetic theories @xcite and numerical simulations @xcite \n were applied for special boundary conditions . \n the dynamics of the ...
[ { "content": "quasar absorption line systems ( qals ) are unique and powerful tools for studying the chemical content , kinematics , ionization state , and overall structure of galaxies as well as of the intergalactic medium over @xmath14 . \n absorption is an important feature in many qals , because it relates...
[ { "content": "the variations of wind speed , in a certain site , are strictly related to the economic aspects of a wind farm , such as maintenance operations , especially in the off shore farms , pitch angle control on new wind turbines and evaluation of a new site . \n many scholars have proposed new models th...