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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "the nature of the cma , discovered by @xcite , remains a controversial subject . \n whether the cma is a distinct , disrupting dwarf galaxy or a feature of the galactic disk remains open to debate . \n previous studies using either 2mass or broadband johnson - cousins photometry have shown indicat...
[ { "content": "the possible existence of a second critical point of water in the liquid supercooled metastable phase has been the subject of a long debate in the literature . \n the first hypothesis of its existence originated from the results of a computer simulation on water modeled with the st2 potential @xc...
[ { "content": "the top quark is the heaviest `` elementary '' particle with a mass approximately equal to the sum of the masses of the w - boson and z - boson . \n the top quark , the w - boson and the higg boson form an interesting triptych of elementary particles . in the standard model knowing the mass of the...
[ { "content": "exotic hadron spectroscopy opens a new window into quark - gluon dynamics that could shift the paradigm that mesons and baryons consist of @xmath4 and @xmath5 constituent quarks , respectively . \n recent lattice qcd studies of the nucleon spectrum indicate that the excited nucleon states may exis...
[ { "content": "exo 0748676 is an intensively studied low - mass x - ray binary that was initially discovered with the european x - ray observatory satellite ( _ exosat _ ) in 1985 february @xcite . \n however , in retrospect the source already appeared active in _ exosat _ \n slew survey observations several t...
[ { "content": "for the first decade of microlens planet detections , beginning with ogle-2003-blg-235 lb @xcite , the great majority of detections required a combination of survey and followup data . \n this is a consequence of two effects . \n first , the survey coverage was generally too sparse to characterize...
[ { "content": "the normalization amplitude of the linear matter power spectrum is one of the key cosmological parameters that are required to complete the theoretical description of the initial conditions of the universe @xcite . \n it is often quantified in terms of @xmath2 , the rms fluctuations of the linear ...
[ { "content": "many structures are able to change their mechanical properties and dimensions when an appropriate stimulus is applied . \n this phenomenon is commonly called actuation . the energy from an external source triggers changes in the internal state of the system , leading to a mechanical response much ...
[ { "content": "it is well - known that the linear inequalities always satisfied by ranks of subspaces of a vector space ( referred to here as _ linear rank inequalities _ ) are closely related to the linear inequalities satisfied by entropies of jointly distributed random variables ( often referred to as _ infor...
[ { "content": "a great deal about galaxy evolution can be learned by studying their broadband properties . \n broadband observations give an immediate impression of the spectral energy distribution and thereby information on stellar and dust content . \n even though integrated magnitudes of galaxies can be used ...
[ { "content": "consider the problem of transmitting two correlated gaussian sources over a gaussian broadcast channel with two receivers , each of which desires only to recover one of the sources . in @xcite \n , it was proven that analog ( uncoded ) transmission , the simplest possible scheme , is actually opti...
[ { "content": "many models of galaxy formation and evolution in recent years take as a reference for the observational side the results coming from qso absorption studies and in particular those objects that show a large hi column density , namely , the damped lyman@xmath0 systems ( dlas ) with @xmath9 atoms 2 (...
[ { "content": "in this paper we continue the geometric construction of a sequence of flips associated to an embedded projective variety begun in @xcite . we give hypotheses under which this sequence of flips exists , and state some conjectures on how positive a line bundle on a curve must be to satisfy these hyp...
[ { "content": "in plasma physics , turbulence is an underlying problem for numerous topics of research , ranging from the study of anomalous transport across magnetic surfaces in fusion relevant plasmas to the problem of plasma heating in astrophysical conditions . \n one of the most identifiable characteristics...
[ { "content": "precise measurements of the lifetimes of charm meson weak decays are important for understanding qcd in both perturbative and nonperturbative regimes . for mesons a joint expansion in heavy quark effective theory and perturbative qcd parameters treated through \n the third order in the heavy quark...
[ { "content": "close - in giant planets are the most easily detected exoplanets today , as they are able to imprint significant radial velocities to their host star , and generate very clear transits . due to their proximity , the two main interactions with their host ( tides and magnetism , see * ? ? ? \n * ) a...
[ { "content": "the discovery of asymptotic freedom , one of the most significant properties of strong interactions embodied by quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) opened , more than 25 years ago , a new chapter in our understanding of the structure of matter which has has been actively followed by theoreticians and e...
[ { "content": "strong decays of @xmath11 to @xmath8 are suppressed , since the reaction violates g - parity conservation . in @xmath12 \n colliding beam experiments , @xmath8 may also be produced by @xmath13 ( called the `` continuum process '' hereafter ) . \n it is expected that the continuum contribution is l...
[ { "content": "the lattice boltzmann method ( lbm ) has become a popular numerical tool for flow simulations . \n it solves the discrete velocity boltzmann equation ( dvbe ) with sophistically chosen discrete velocity set . with the coupled discretization of velocity space and spatial space , \n the numerical tr...
[ { "content": "symmetries are essential features of quantal systems as they characterize their energetics and provide transition matrix elements of operators with specific selection rules . however , certain emergent phenomena relate to the spontaneous breaking of those symmetries @xcite \n . in nuclear systems ...
[ { "content": "since its reintroduction into astrophysics by balbus & hawley ( 1991 ) , the magneto - rotational instability ( mri ) has become an essential ingredient in our understanding of astrophysical fluids in a state of differential rotation . as a result of its action , strong turbulence is created anywh...
[ { "content": "in recent times major advances in the experimental techniques have led to the realization of experiments in which quantum systems in a single particle regime are studied under their controlled interaction with some environment . a paradigmatic example in this context \n is given by the motion of a...
[ { "content": "in 1990 , carroll - field - jackiw @xcite have proposed a version of the maxwell electrodynamics corrected by a chern - simons - like term @xmath0 in order to incorporate a lorentz - violating background @xmath1 into the usual electrodynamics . \n this term implies a modified theory in which photo...
[ { "content": "todos ns j tentmos , numa ou outra ocasio , manter em equilbrio uma vara sobre o dedo indicador ( , resolver o problema do pndulo invertido ) . \n por outro lado muito mais difcil , sobretudo se fecharmos os olhos , manter em equilbrio um pndulo invertido duplo . \n a teoria do controlo permite f...
[ { "content": "the study of the nuclear equation of state is an important area of research in intermediate energy heavy ion reactions @xcite and results from nuclear multifragmentation reactions are extensively used for such study . \n the statistical models are extremely powerful and widely used tools for study...
[ { "content": "studies of the host galaxies of low - redshift quasars can enable us to define the subset of the present - day galaxy population which is capable of producing quasar - level nuclear activity . \n this is of obvious importance for constraining physical models of quasar evolution ( small & blandford...
[ { "content": "it is well - known that the zeta function of a laplacian over a smooth compact manifold , with or without boundary , defines a meromorphic function on @xmath5 with simple poles at prescribed half - integer values depending on the dimension of the manifold @xcite . \n ( for a manifold with boundary...
[ { "content": "the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon @xmath0 is one of the most accurately measured quantities in particle physics , and as such is a very promising signal of new physics if a deviation from its prediction in the standard model is found . the present experimental value for @xmath1 , is giv...
[ { "content": "a _ partition _ of a positive integer @xmath3 is a non - increasing sequence of positive integers whose sum is @xmath3 ; the number of distinct partitions of @xmath3 is traditionally denoted by @xmath4 . a _ sequence _ ( or _ \n run _ ) in a partition is any subsequence of consecutive integers tha...
[ { "content": "computing invariants of real quadratic fields , in particular the ideal class group and the regulator , has been of interest since the time of gauss , and today has a variety of applications . for example , solving the well - known pell equation is intimately linked to computing the regulator , an...
[ { "content": "sn1987a neutrino events @xcite prompted many dedicated analyses . \n even if the number of detected neutrinos is limited , these analyses provide interesting limits on neutrino properties and clues on the core collapse mechanism . \n the question of which likelihood should be adopted for supernova...
[ { "content": "ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at sps and rhic energies ( @xmath1 agev ) provided an enormous volume of experimental data on particle production @xcite . the microscopic mechanisms of hadron production are not fully understood and many different descriptions coexist to explain these data ...
[ { "content": "the purpose of these lectures is to give an introduction to the present _ standard picture of the early universe _ , which _ complements _ the older standard big bang model . \n these notes are intended for non - experts on this subject . \n they start with a very short introduction to general rel...
[ { "content": "the behavior of many quantum systems strongly depends on their interaction with the environment . \n it is important to take this interaction into account to realistically describe systems like , e.g. , vibrational levels in a big molecule , the quantized mode of an electromagnetic field , or a tr...
[ { "content": "primordial nucleosynthesis provides an interesting testing arena where to analyze the viability of physical theories , particularly , of the statistical description . \n it is in this epoch where the earliest bounds upon a given theory with cosmological influence can be imposed . \n thermal proces...
[ { "content": "fe@xmath0te chalcogenides are the parent compounds of the simplest family of iron - based superconductors . \n @xcite both the electronic and magnetic properties of fe@xmath0te compounds show strong sensitivity to the amount of non - stoichiometric fe ions . for small values of @xmath3 , \n the lo...
[ { "content": "the self - assembly of colloidal particles into structures with controlled spatial ordering is of great importance in colloid science , with particular interest in the assembly of photonic crystals @xcite artificially produced periodic dielectric structures designed to control and manipulate ligh...
[ { "content": "since cloud computing has become increasingly accepted as one of the most promising computing paradigms in industry @xcite , providing cloud services also becomes an emerging business . \n an increasing number of providers have started to supply commercial cloud services with different terminologi...
[ { "content": "stochastic growth models of interfaces have been extensively studied along the years ( see @xcite for reviews ) . \n the most studied universality class of critical dynamics behavior of growing interfaces are the ones represented by the edward - wilkinson ( ew ) @xcite and the kardar - parisi - zh...
[ { "content": "understanding the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking ( ewsb ) is one of the most exciting problems facing particle physics today . the standard model ( sm ) , though phenomenologically successful , relies crucially on the existence of a scalar particle , the higgs boson @xcite , which has ...
[ { "content": "there are a few actual problems of nuclear and particle physics which are concerning subject of this report@xcite-@xcite . \n these are following : in - medium modification of hadrons , the origin of hadron masses , the restoration of chiral symmetry , the confinement of quarks in hadrons , the st...
[ { "content": "recently @xcite an approach was established to study the ground state properties of algebraic hamiltonians . \n this approach follows closely the algorithm established in @xcite . in particular , the approach was applied to describe the ground state of even even nuclei within the interacting bo...
[ { "content": "we present in this section the update of the unitarity triangle ( ut ) analysis within the standard model ( sm ) , performed by the utfit collaboration following the method described in refs . \n the constraints used in the analysis can be distinguished in side and angle constraints , where the la...
[ { "content": "the study of wave scattering in disordered media is an active field of research , stimulated both by innovative applications in imaging and sensing @xcite and by fundamental questions in mesoscopic physics @xcite . in the last few years \n , the possibility to control the propagation of optical ...
[ { "content": "quantum systems are usually described by a hilbert space , a state vector , and a hamiltonian . \n do these structures alone fully characterize a physical system ? without specifying more information , like a preferred choice of basis , it is difficult to make sense of the hamiltonian or the state...
[ { "content": "paul traps have become essential tools in widely different fields of research ranging from quantum information@xmath0@xcite and quantum simulation@xmath0@xcite to precision metrology@xmath0@xcite and cold collisions between ions and neutrals@xmath0@xcite . \n the further development of all these l...
[ { "content": "the mechanism of heavy meson decays is one of the most interesting and challenging fields in particle physics , it involves both strong and weak interactions . \n nowadays strong interaction in the non - perturbative region is still an unsolved problem . \n compared with hadronic decays , leptonic...
[ { "content": "free energy is among the most important concepts of thermodynamics since it formalizes the fact that the usability of energy resources depends also on their _ entropy_. roughly speaking \n , the idea is that in an energy conversion process the target system should typically be provided with energy...
[ { "content": "there are three main methods to investigate integrable field theories : factorised scattering , lattice discretisations , and perturbations around a cft . \n we will be concerned with the latter , building on the approach of @xcite and its formulation and generalisation in terms of perturbed defec...
[ { "content": "searching for the higgs boson is one of the most important tasks in particle physics . \n the existence of a relatively light higgs is suggested by high precision fits to the data in the standard model ( sm ) and also is theoretically favored in the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ) ...
[ { "content": "countries were selected by data availability . for each country we require availability of at least one aggregation level where the average population per territorial unit @xmath0 . this limit for @xmath1 \n was chosen to include a large number of countries , that have a comparable level of data r...
[ { "content": "the microscopic study of nuclear many - body problem and the understanding of the nuclear interactions that reproduce the observed structure and reaction properties are the underlying challenges of low energy nuclear physics . in this context , \n detailed investigations of the fusion process will...
[ { "content": "left - handed ( lh ) metamaterials are artificial , effectively homogeneous structures , featuring negative refractive index at specific frequency bands where the effective permittivity @xmath0 and permeability @xmath1 are simultaneously negative @xcite . \n in fact , all known realizations of lh ...
[ { "content": "the evolution of languages through the interaction of their speakers is a topic of interest to computational linguists and , like many interacting many - body problems , is difficult to study analytically . in this paper \n we follow an approach that views languages at the level of syntax , with s...
[ { "content": "the mechanics and physics of soft materials are intrinsically complex due to the strongly time - dependent and usually non - linear constitutive stress - strain relations that govern their response . \n further intricacy is added when soft bodies are brought into contact and the problem is exacerb...
[ { "content": "a set @xmath0 of vertices of an acyclic digraph @xmath1 is _ convex _ if @xmath13 and there is no directed path between vertices of @xmath0 which contains a vertex not in @xmath0 . \n a set @xmath0 is _ connected _ if @xmath13 and the underlying undirected graph of the subgraph of @xmath1 induced ...
[ { "content": "the _ iras faint source catalog _ ( fsc ; moshir et al . \n 1992 ) contains 173,044 sources reaching a depth of @xmath70.2 jy at 12 , 25 and 60 @xmath0 . \n it is limited to @xmath8 in unconfused regions at 60 @xmath0 . for sources with high - quality flux density , \n reliability is @xmath9 at ...
[ { "content": "stationary spacetimes with angular momentum ( rotation ) are known to exhibit an effect called lense - thirring ( lt ) precession whereby locally inertial frames are dragged along the rotating spacetime , making any test gyroscope in such spacetimes _ precess _ with a certain frequency called the ...
[ { "content": "the study of large - scale ( complex ) networks , such as computer , biological and social networks , is a multidisciplinary field that combines ideas from mathematics , physics , biology , social sciences and other fields . \n a remarkable and widely discussed phenomena associated with such netwo...
[ { "content": "proto - planetary nebulae ( ppne ) are the long - sought - after missing link between the end of the asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) phase and the beginning of planetary nebula phase of stellar evolution . after the _ infrared astronomical satellite _ ( _ iras _ ) mission , a number of objects wer...
[ { "content": "longitudinal - space - charge - driven micro - bunching instabilities arising in bunch compressors were predicted and observed over the last decade @xcite . it was recently proposed to employ such micro - bunching instability mechanism to form attosecond structures on the bunch current distributi...
[ { "content": "the present work deals with the generalized surface quasi - geostrophic equation ( gsqg ) arising in fluid dynamics and which describes the evolution of the potential temperature @xmath1 by the transport equation : @xmath2 here @xmath3 refers to the velocity field , @xmath4 and @xmath5 is a ...
[ { "content": "a large variety of molecules , including complex organic ones , have been detected in the galactic interstellar medium . \n the hydroxyl ( oh ) radical is quite abundant in the galactic plane and has several rotational transitions that are easily observed at microwave frequencies . \n these lines ...
[ { "content": "in recent years , diamond as a possible material for particle detectors has been the subject of considerable interest @xcite . \n significant progress in the techniques to produce synthetical diamond films of very high quality has been achieved by means of the chemical vapour deposition method ( ...
[ { "content": "polymers in solution typically undergo a coil - globule transition from a high temperature ( t ) swollen phase to a low t phase where the polymer assumes compact conformations . in the case of homopolymers , for which all the monomers are identical , this transition is by now well understood \n it...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of synchronization in pendulum clocks by huygens , synchronous behavior has been widely observed not only in physical systems but also in biological ones such as pacemaker cells in the heart , chirps of crickets , and fetal - maternal heart rate synchronization @xcite . \n such...
[ { "content": "confronting nuclear physics , we should highlight the great importance of the equation of state ( eos ) , for it being significantly important to study the structure of nuclei , the reaction dynamics of heavy - ion collisions , and many issues in astrophysics @xcite . \n the nuclear eos consists ...
[ { "content": "in a recent study @xcite we successfully calculated the mass of the @xmath1 meson using staggered fermions . according to conventional lore \n , the @xmath1 receives a large portion of its mass from instanton effects . at the fermionic level \n , this would mean receiving contributions from zero ...
[ { "content": "rapid progress in detecting thermal emission from isolated neutron stars ( nss ) with a new generation of orbital and ground - based observatories ( e.g. , refs . \n @xcite ) stimulates active theoretical studies of cooling isolated nss . \n it is well known that cooling history of nss depends on ...
[ { "content": "the formation and evolution of galaxies has been one of the primary topics in cosmology ever since their diverse appearance was first observed . \n naive interpretations of the hubble sequence of galaxies and of the hierarchical nature of dark matter halos in cdm models naturally lead to scenarios...
[ { "content": "the hadronic decays of @xmath0 mesons have provided us with a good place to study cp violation in particle physics . in particular \n , the detection of direct cp violation in a decay process requires that there exist at least two contributing amplitudes with different weak and strong phases . \n ...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a real hyperplane arrangement which is stable under the action of a coxeter group @xmath1 . \n then @xmath1 acts naturally on the set @xmath9 of chambers of @xmath0 . \n we want to find the number of @xmath1-orbits of @xmath9 . \n a particular case of this problem was considered in ...
[ { "content": "to study the linear polarization of asteroids and other point source objects , the dual - beam imaging polarimeter ( dbip ) was commissioned in march of 2007 @xcite . in august of 2007 we expanded dbip s capabilities to include analysis of circular polarization with the addition of a quarterwave p...
[ { "content": "a new renormalizable gravity theory in four dimensions , proposed by hoava @xcite , may be regarded as a uv complete candidate for general relativity . at large distances \n the theory reduces to einstein gravity with a non - vanishing cosmological constant in ir , but with improved uv behavior . ...
[ { "content": "the possible multiferroicity - or , more precisely , magnetoelectricity - of bimno@xmath0 ( bmo ) , namely the simultaneous occurrence of ferroelectric ( fe ) and ferromagnetic ( fm ) long - range order in this simple perovskite , has been long discussed in the literature @xcite . \n such interest...
[ { "content": "the temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) are gaussian to a high degree of accuracy @xcite . \n non - gaussianity , if any , enters at a highly subdominant level \n . it could be either primordially generated along with gaussian fluctuations by exotic inflationary mod...
[ { "content": "one hundred years after einstein , the theory of general relativity ( gr ) is still our best theory of gravity . in the framework of gr \n , the standard model of cosmology ( @xmath4 ) provides a successful description of the universe . in this model , the same fluctuations which give rise to the ...
[ { "content": "population iii stars formed in the early universe at redshift @xmath5 with a top - heavy initial mass function ( e.g. see @xcite ) are expected to leave at the end of their lives intermediate mass black remnants of the order of @xmath6 . \n these seeds , formed within dark matter halos of mass @xm...
[ { "content": "neutron stars ( ns ) are among the densest of massive objects in the universe . a hot neutron star is born following the gravitational collapse of the core of a massive star just after the supernova explosion . \n the interior temperature of a neutron star at its birth is of the order @xmath0 @xci...
[ { "content": "today s global economy is more interconnected and complex than ever , and seems out of any particular institution s control . \n the diversity of markets and traded products , the complexity of their structure and regulation , make it a daunting challenge to understand behaviours , predict trends ...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , jonathan smith introduced a general commutator theory for algebras belonging to congruence permutable varieties that generalized the commutator theory for groups . in @xcite , joachim hagemann and christian hermann \n extend the domain of applicability of the commutator to congruence m...
[ { "content": "from the history of fundamental science everybody knows that cosmic rays physics as a part of astrophysics and particle physics especially based on accelerator studies have many common roots . \n in particular , many discoveries early in particle physics have been done in the study of cosmic rays ...
[ { "content": "in nano - electronics , quantitative evaluation of impurity effects is crucial because device properties are strongly influenced by or even built on such effects . \n experimentally , the impurities exist and can be doped in nano - devices without knowing their exact locations , so theoretically i...
[ { "content": "galaxy collisions and mergers have long been known to influence star formation in galaxies ( see , e.g. , the review by struck 1999 and references therein ) and likely play a fundamental role in the transformation of the population of gas - rich spiral galaxies at high redshift into the spheroidal...
[ { "content": "ngc 5694 is a bright ( @xmath8 ) and remote ( @xmath9 kpc ) old and metal - poor galactic globular cluster ( gc ) , located in the hydra constellation . \n first discovered by w. herschel in 1784 , it has been recognised as a gc by @xcite . \n because of its distance and low apparent magnitude ,...
[ { "content": "soon after the discovery of the luminous infrared galaxies ( lirgs ) , whose bolometric luminosities are dominated by the infrared part of their spectral energy distributions ( seds ) ( @xmath27@xmath2810@xmath2l@xmath23 ) ( e.g. soifer et al . \n 1987 ) , single dish and interferometric co j=10 ,...
[ { "content": "after extracting the names of proteins occurring in a particular life stage of _ caenorhabditis elegans _ , experimentally verified protein - protein interactions are collected from various bioinformatics repositories @xcite . \n next , six different ppi networks are constructed by treating each l...
[ { "content": "everyday experience tells us that thin elastic sheets _ crumple _ , when confined into a small volume , _ e.g. _ a sheet of paper `` confined '' by ones hands . \n crumpling also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of packaging material and in the dissipation of the energy of collis...
[ { "content": "the comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data has confirmed the validity of the standard model ( sm ) in an impressive way . \n the quantum effects of the sm have been established at the @xmath6 level , and the direct and indirect determinations of the top quark mass are compati...
[ { "content": "at the heart of the quantum theory lies the fundamental principle of describing physically observable quantities as hermitian operators acting on hilbert space of quantum states . \n generally these operators do not commute , a trait giving rise to the fundamental uncertainty principle first formu...
[ { "content": "the ability of light to influence the kinetic motion of microscopic and atomic matter has had a profound impact in the last three decades . \n the optical manipulation of matter was first seriously studied by ashkin and co - workers in the 1970s @xcite , and led ultimately to the demonstration of ...
[ { "content": "all our graphs are finite and without loops or multiple edges . \n let @xmath0 be a plane graph . \n we use @xmath11 , @xmath12 , @xmath13 , @xmath14 , and @xmath15 to denote the edge set , vertex set , face set , maximum degree , and minimum degree of @xmath0 , respectively . \n when the graph is...
[ { "content": "the experimental measurement and theoretical investigation of dilepton production constitute one of the most active and exciting fields in the physics of relativistic nuclear collisions @xcite . \n because of their relatively weak final - state interactions with the hadronic environment , dilepton...
[ { "content": "non - linear iterated maps are now known as an universal tool in numerous scientific domains , including for instance mechanics , hydrodynamics and economy @xcite @xcite @xcite . \n they often appear because the differential equations describing the dynamics of a system can be reduced to non - lin...
[ { "content": "studies of detached , double - lined eclipsing binary systems ( debs ) allow for direct measurements of the masses and radii of stars . \n these measurements have direct implications for theories of stellar structure and evolution . \n our understanding of the structure of stars on the lower main ...
[ { "content": "in this paper we study a class of @xmath1 spin chains whose hamiltonian can be collectively written as @xmath2 where the @xmath3 s are real constants and the interactions @xmath4 are chosen as described below ( see eqs . \n ( 1.7 ) ) . in the previous formula , the operators @xmath5 act on a state...
[ { "content": "the top quark s existence is now well established @xcite and top searches have given way to top studies . in measuring the top quark s properties in particular , its mass radiated gluons can play an important role . \n this is due not only to the relatively high probability that @xmath1 events a...
[ { "content": "cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are semi - detached interacting binaries in which a roche lobe filling k or m secondary transfers matter to a white dwarf ( wd ) . \n cvs evolve to shorter orbital periods and show a `` gap '' between @xmath6 and 3 ( where @xmath7 hr ) during which time the secondary ...
[ { "content": "it is well known that there is a remarkable connection between the statistical properties of certain random hermitian matrices , the zeros of the riemann zeta function , and fermionic gases @xcite . \n underlying each of these objects are certain one - dimensional point processes ( defined more pr...
[ { "content": "students must learn effective problem solving strategies in order to develop expertise in physics . specifically , they must be able to solve problems beyond those that can be solved using a plug - and - chug approach . \n @xcite research shows that converting a problem from the initial verbal rep...