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[ { "content": "the study of massive binary systems in young clusters plays a key role in our understanding of how massive stars form . \n in addition to providing the binary fraction for massive stars , massive binary systems provide information about their formation environment in the form of quasi - preserved ...
[ { "content": "black hole is one of the most important key objects in theoretical physics . though its quantum behavior and thermodynamic property have played great roles in the path to understand yet unknown quantum theory of gravity ( see e.g. refs . \n @xcite ) , a direct experimental test had been believed ...
[ { "content": "in the canonical model , t tauri systems comprise the central star , a rotating disk of gas and dust , a jet or outflow and possibly a residual circumstellar envelope ( see e.g. @xcite ) . in many cases , \n the central star is still accreting material and this process , as well as the mechanisms ...
[ { "content": "the electron transport through nanometric conductors attract a huge interest due to constant shrinkage of microelectronic devices.@xcite in particular , metal nanowires ( nw ) display interesting quantum conductance behavior even at room temperature.@xcite from a practical point of view , nw s can...
[ { "content": "the determination of distances to astronomical objects is perhaps one of the oldest and most important problems in astronomy . \n accurate distances are necessary to establish physical properties of sources as well as the distribution of different classes of objects in the galaxy . in particular \...
[ { "content": "we want to thank g.rybnikov for his contribution and his support . \n his work has been a challenge for us for years . \n in this section , some standard facts about line combinatorics and ordered line combinatorics will be described . \n special attention will be given to maclane and rybnikov s l...
[ { "content": "we use a pre - computed database of 46800 synthetic flux and polarization spectra for field strengths of 1400 mg and a wide range of effective temperatures to generate synthetic zeeman spectra , which we subject to an automatic optimization scheme with the aim to recover the parameters describing ...
[ { "content": "in the framework of the semiclassical theory of waves [ 1 - 5 ] , i.e. , short wavelength asymptotics , the uniform ( global ) description of the wavefield is complicated by the formation of caustic singularities [ 1 , 2 , 6 - 8 ] . \n although a complete and deep understanding of the wavefield st...
[ { "content": "the temporal coherence of a source of radiation is a key quantity which discriminates a laser - like device from thermal emitters . \n while the first order coherence function , @xmath0 , which is the correlator of field amplitudes at different times , reflects the coherence of the emitted photons...
[ { "content": "low to intermediate mass stars ( 0.8 to 8 @xmath2 ) undergo spectacular structural changes during the last phases of their evolution . \n according to the interacting stellar wind model ( isw ; kwok purton and fitzgerald 1978 ) , the spherically symmetric pne are formed by the interaction of two i...
[ { "content": "modelling the flow of complex fluids is a very intricate problem which is far from being solved up to now . besides studies which aim at improving phenomenological rheological models ( purely macroscopic constitutive laws ) \n , only a few attempts are made to recover the rheological behavior of a...
[ { "content": "communication networks are increasingly being taxed by the enormous demand for instantly available , streaming multimedia . \n ideally , we would like to maximize the reliability and data rate of a system while simultaneously minimizing the delay . yet , in the classical fixed blocklength setting ...
[ { "content": "rare - earth titanates @xmath11ti@xmath1o@xmath2 ( @xmath12 rare earth ) have attracted extensive research interests due to their exotic magnetism.@xcite these materials have a pyrochlore crystal structure with the space group @xmath13 , in which the magnetic rare - earth ions form a network of co...
[ { "content": "muon colliders _ _ have been proposed to provide lepton - lepton collisions while circumventing the energy limitations on electron - positron storage rings caused by synchrotron radiation . \n the larger muon mass suppresses synchrotron radiation energy losses by a factor @xmath0 relative to those...
[ { "content": "this work was supported by the national basic research program of china under grants nos . \n 2012cb821305 , 2010cb923200 and 2013cb922403 , the national natural science foundation of china under grants nos . 11374375 , 11204043 , 11274399 and 61078027 , and the ph.d . \n programs foundation of mi...
[ { "content": "globular clusters are important tracers of the chemical and dynamical evolution of the milky way . \n since the orbits of globular clusters may have kept their characteristics from the early times of the formation of the milky way , we may extract from their kinematics some clues for the understan...
[ { "content": "pks 1830@xmath0211 @xcite consists of two @xmath3 @xcite blazar images separated by 1 and lensed by a @xmath4 @xcite spiral galaxy @xcite . pks 1830@xmath0211 was observed in the radio ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) , infrared ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) , x ...
[ { "content": "magnetohydrostatic equilibrium describes the balance of the magnetic and thermal pressures across individual sunspots @xcite . along the direction parallel to the solar surface , the local environment of a sunspot markedly shifts from the cooler , convection inhibited , umbral region , hosting mul...
[ { "content": "quantum teleportation is an important and vital quantum information processing task where an arbitrary unknown quantum state can be replicated at a distant location using previously shared entanglement and classical communication between the sender and the receiver . \n a remarkable application of...
[ { "content": "we consider the semilinear singularly perturbed problem @xmath1 , \\label{uvod1 } \\\\ \n y(0)&=0,\\ y(1)=0 , \\label{uvod2}\\end{aligned}\\ ] ] where @xmath2 we assume that the nonlinear function @xmath3 is continuously differentiable , i.e. that @xmath4\\times \\mathbb{r}\\right)$ ] , for @xmath...
[ { "content": "second order leapfrog or splitting methods are a class of widely used time - symmetric , explicit and symplectic integration algorithms for hamiltonian systems . \n these characteristics make them a standard tool for very long integrations , as they preserve the phase space structure and first int...
[ { "content": "in the seminal discovery of the quantum hall effect ( qhe ) in graphene@xcite , a most striking point is that the graphene qhe is regarded as a realization of the _ anomaly_@xcite in the massless dirac particle , where each dirac cone carries 1/2 of the usual qhe topological number@xcite . \n name...
[ { "content": "a binary matrix @xmath0 satisfies the consecutive - ones property ( c1p ) if its columns can be ordered in such a way that , in each row , all 1 entries appear consecutively . \n the c1p has been studied in relation to a wide range of problems , from theoretical computer science @xcite to genome m...
[ { "content": "out - of - equilibrium dynamics following a quantum quench is a topic of intense study at present . \n the theme is pursued primarily along two lines . \n the first one is about the equilibration and thermalization mechanism of a quantum system @xcite , a fundamental yet still open issue in stati...
[ { "content": "in 1984 , an unconditionally secure key distribution protocol using quantum resources was proposed by bennett and brassard @xcite . \n the scheme , which is now known as bb84 protocol drew considerable attention of the cryptography community by its own merit as it offered unconditional security , ...
[ { "content": "since various systems may be governed by the same fundamental law , universality exists in nature . \n the early indications of universality in quantum mechanic three - body systems was discovered before 1970.@xcite the first strong evidence was given by efimov in 1970 on three weakly bound identi...
[ { "content": "the statistical model of atom developed by e.fermi @xcite and known as thomas - fermi model , although based on a highly simplified theoretical framework , has been proven surprisingly good in predicting basic properties of condensed matter @xcite . \n a particular feature of such a model is the d...
[ { "content": "we consider a general system of @xmath0 chemical species @xcite inside a fixed volume with @xmath1 denoting the number of molecules . \n the stoichiometric matrix @xmath2 describes changes in the population size due to @xmath3 different reaction channels , where each @xmath4 describes the change i...
[ { "content": "if elongated active , _ i.e. _ self - propelled , objects interact by pushing each other in a dissipative medium or substrate , the objects will tend to locally align @xcite as shown in fig . \n [ fig - model ] . \n since these object are self - propelled , once aligned , they will move together ...
[ { "content": "the magnetism of fermi gases has always received considerable attention in solid - state physics , such as localized and itinerant electrons . while the magnetic properties of bose gases has been less studied . \n but since the realization of bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) in ultracold atomi...
[ { "content": "in the last decade we entered the data - intensive era of astrophysics , where the size of data has rapidly increased , reaching in many cases dimensions overcoming the human possibility to handle them in an efficient and comprehensible way . in a very close future petabytes of data \n will be the...
[ { "content": "manipulating the molecular rotational degrees of freedom in gas phase by means of laser fields remains a very attractive topic in quantum control @xcite with a wide range of applications in photochemistry extending from chemical reactivity @xcite to nanoscale design @xcite , stereochemistry @xcite...
[ { "content": "gaussian process classifiers are a very effective family of non - parametric methods for supervised classification @xcite . in the binary case , \n the class label @xmath0 associated to each data instance @xmath1 is assumed to depend on the sign of a function @xmath2 which is modeled using a gauss...
[ { "content": "the successful bose - einstein condensation of @xmath0cr atoms @xcite realizes for the first time bose - einstein condensates ( becs ) with significant dipole - dipole interactions . \n these long - range and anisotropic interactions introduce rich physical effects , as well as new opportunities t...
[ { "content": "to understand the evolution of galaxies one may attempt to match the observational data by models which describe the global processes star - formation rate , gas infall , gas loss with suitable formulations . by adjusting free parameters , \n quite good fits can be achieved . however , the numbe...
[ { "content": "two successful routes that are being actually followed to produce magnetic organic materials @xcite are the addition of magnetic atoms @xcite and the use of polyradicals @xcite . in particular , carbon - based nickel compounds that show spontaneous field - dependent magnetization and hysteresis at...
[ { "content": "_ markov chain monte carlo _ ( mcmc ) _ methods _ allow samples from virtually any target distribution @xmath0 , known up to a normalizing constant , to be generated . in particular , the celebrated _ metropolis hastings algorithm _ ( introduced in @xcite and @xcite ) \n simulates a markov chain ...
[ { "content": "mesons in which the gluons are in an excited state have been discussed for some time . \n there are two main pictures that have evolved for treating these excited states . \n the first is the constituent gluon approach where the quarks and a gluon move in an mit bag @xcite or a potential model @xc...
[ { "content": "the energetic gamma ray experiment telescope ( egret ) aboard the _ compton gamma ray observatory _ is sensitive in the energy range 30 mev to 30 gev ( thompson 1993 ) . \n it has detected @xmath750 agn ( montigny 1995 , thompson 1995 , mattox 1996a ) in the blazar class ( by which we mean the...
[ { "content": "the ac stark shift of the atomic ground state level and the phase shift of the transmitted field are both governed by the response of the two - level atomic system to the laser field , and in particular , the mean optical coherence induced in the ions . \n we denote the lower and upper levels @xma...
[ { "content": "nonlinear charge transport in weakly coupled , undoped , photo - excited , type - i semiconductor superlattices ( sls ) is well described by spatially discrete drift - diffusion equations.@xcite as in the much better known case of doped sls , nonlinear phenomena include formation and dynamics of e...
[ { "content": "an open book is a connected orientable surface @xmath1 with boundary , together with a diffeomorphism @xmath2 fixing the boundary pointwise . \n positive hopf plumbing is an operation that adds a @xmath3-handle @xmath4 to @xmath1 and composes @xmath5 with a right - handed dehn twist along an embed...
[ { "content": "the most spectacular phenomenon associated with granular matter is certainly the phase segregation that one observes when a granular mixture is shaked , poured or rotated @xcite . respectively , \n stripe @xcite , axial @xcite and radial @xcite segregation patterns have been reported . \n recent e...
[ { "content": "during the last 70 years , significant progress has been achieved in the study of the physics in the interior of the sun and stars @xcite . \n this advance has been possible due to the great development of several key fields of experimental and theoretical physics , such as statistical physics , m...
[ { "content": "wireless sensor and actor networks ( wsans ) are composed of sensor nodes and actors that are coordinated via wireless communications to perform distributed sensing and acting tasks . in wsans , sensor nodes collect information about the physical world , while actors use the collected information ...
[ { "content": "the intra - cluster medium ( icm ) in clusters of galaxies is known to possess magnetic fields whose origin and properties are not yet well known . \n the presence of cluster magnetic fields is demonstrated by a ) the existence of diffuse cluster - wide radio emission ( radio halo ) as revealed in...
[ { "content": "the observation of a relation between the masses of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies and the stellar velocity dispersion ( @xmath2 relation ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) suggests a direct link between black holes and their host galaxies . energy and momentum driven out from th...
[ { "content": "in complex dynamics , the mandelbrot set is a source of inspiration for much current research . \n this set , @xmath9 is a complicated and interesting subset of the moduli space of degree two polynomials . in the past two decades \n , much research has been done on dynamical systems in a nonarchim...
[ { "content": "there are several reasons to believe that a population of intergalactic globular clusters ( igcs ) should exist outside of galaxies : \\(1 ) the jeans mass at recombination was @xmath0 solar masses , and hence globular cluster sized objects could have formed wherever the local density of matter...
[ { "content": "on february 1974 , at the same aaas meeting in san francisco where the discovery of grbs by the vela satellites was publicly announced @xcite , the possible relation of grbs with the `` moment of gravitational collapse '' leading to a bh formation was advanced ( see * ? ? ? \n @xcite considered , ...
[ { "content": "a _ graph _ @xmath0 consists of a _ _ vertex set _ _ @xmath1 and an _ _ edge set _ _ @xmath2 , where each edge corresponds to a pair @xmath3 of vertices . \n a graph in which each edge has a _ weight _ associated with it is called a _ network_. \n a graph @xmath4 is a _ subgraph _ of @xmath0 if ...
[ { "content": "the ability to controllably engineer spin splittings of electronic states is a key goal in the search for spintronic materials @xcite . \n a particularly successful strategy has been the lifting of spin degeneracy via spin - orbit coupling in the presence of structural inversion asymmetry . terme...
[ { "content": "structural properties of regularly stepped metal surfaces have been the focus of a broad range of theoretical and experimental studies because of the eminent role they play in technologically important phenomena such as thin film growth , epitaxial layer formation , nanostructuring of material , a...
[ { "content": "modifying general relativity has been one of the most highlighted fields in gravitational physics in recent years . \n long distance modification of gravity has been studied extensively so as to explain the current accelerated expansion of the universe ( see , _ \n e.g. _ , ref . \n @xcite for a r...
[ { "content": "topological insulator @xcite ( ti ) materials host on their boundaries a novel type of topological states of quantum matter , which , unlike the quantum hall state , exist without the breaking of time - reversal symmetry . \n @xcite theoretical prediction and subsequent experimental demonstration...
[ { "content": "the detection of feii and mgii absorption lines at a redshift of @xmath2 in the optical spectrum of gb970508 ( metzger et al . \n 1997 ) , provided the first confirmation that @xmath0-ray bursts ( grbs ) originate at cosmological distances . \n most of the qualitative properties of cosmological gr...
[ { "content": "nature offers a wide range of phenomena characterized by power - law distributions : diameter of moon craters , intensity of solar flares , the wealth of the richest people@xcite and intensity of terrorist attacks@xcite , to name a few . \n these distributions are so - called _ heavy - tailed _ , ...
[ { "content": "* model parameters . * the single fermion hamiltonian eq . \n ( [ fh ] ) is obtained by adiabatically integrating out all the electronic excitation states of the atoms in the rotating wave frame . \n the parameters in eq . \n ( [ fh ] ) are related to the experimental tunable parameters as @xmath1...
[ { "content": "in standard @xmath0 cold dark matter ( @xmath0-cdm ) cosmology @xcite galaxies form within dark matter halos that coalesce through repeated mergers . \n high resolution pure cdm simulations give rise to significantly triaxial galaxy halos , that become progressively less triaxial towards lower siz...
[ { "content": "recent advances in nanoscience have created a vast number of experimentally accessible ways to configure atomic and molecular clusters into different geometries with strongly varying physical properties . \n specifically , exquisite control of the shape and size of atomic and molecular clusters ha...
[ { "content": "understanding the galaxy luminosity function has been a goal of galaxy formation theory for several decades ( e.g. ) . \n a particularly interesting question is whether the luminosity function is universal or whether it depends on environmental factors such as the mass of the dark halo that hosts ...
[ { "content": "functional logic programming @xcite joins in a single paradigm the features of functional programming with those of logic programming . \n logic programming contributes logic variables that are seamlessly integrated in functional computations by narrowing . \n the usefulness and elegance of progra...
[ { "content": "the study of viscoelastic fluids is of great scientific interest and industrial relevance . \n viscoelastic fluids are fluids that show not only a viscous flow response to an imposed stress , as do newtonian fluids , but also an elastic response . \n viscoelastic effects are almost universally obs...
[ { "content": "in these two decades , many circumstellar disks around young forming / formed stars less than several solar masses are found by direct images in the infrared / visible observations ( e.g. mccaughrean & odell 1996 ; fukagawa et al . 2004 ; fujiwara et al . \n 2006 ; lagage et al . \n 2006 ; see als...
[ { "content": "methods for protein structure prediction , simulation and design rely on an energy function that represents the protein s free energy landscape ; a protein s native state typically corresponds to the state with minimum free energy @xcite . \n so - called knowledge based potentials ( kbp ) are para...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of ultra - compact dwarf galaxies ( ucds ; @xcite ; @xcite ) , it is still a complicated puzzle in extragalactic astronomy how such compact and luminous objects may have formed . \n they are brighter and larger than globular clusters ( gcs ) @xcite and much smaller than early -...
[ { "content": "over the last two decades , significant progress in the development of low temperature detectors for particle astrophysics applications has been made . \n thermal detectors with dielectric crystal absorbers have been employed in many rare event experiments in deep underground laboratories around t...
[ { "content": "in the early 1990s , kontsevich @xcite defined the kontsevich invariant ( the universal finite - type invariant ) of knots by the integral on the configuration space of finite distinct points in @xmath0 . \n all rational - valued vassiliev invariants are recovered from the kontsevich invariant thr...
[ { "content": "the pierre auger observatory is situated in the argentinian province mendoza , close to the city of malarge . \n it consists of a 3000 km@xmath1 surface detector array and a set of 24(+3 ) fluorescence telescopes . \n the surface detector stations are water cherenkov tanks each equipped with 3 pho...
[ { "content": "a consistent description of interaction of fundamental fields both at large and short distances is one of the most important problems of qcd . \n the strength of the interaction is defined by invariant charge @xmath0 ( the running coupling constant ) , which satisfies the renormalization group equ...
[ { "content": "there has been much work over the past decade applying the techniques of effective field theory ( eft ) and the renormalization group ( rg ) to low energy nuclear systems such as the nucleon - nucleon force , finite nuclei , and nuclear matter @xcite . \n conventional nuclear force models such as...
[ { "content": "we are sketching a `` simple and natural '' explanation of the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics . \n this is achieved by utilizing the mathematical formalism of nonstandard analysis and feynman s interpretation of the heisenberg uncertainty principle , i.e. , of the quantum fluctuations \...
[ { "content": "in recent years , indoor visible light communication by light emitting diodes ( leds ) has attracted extensive academic attention @xcite ( and references therein ) , driven by advancements in designing and manufacturing of leds @xcite . \n adoption of leds as lighting source can significantly redu...
[ { "content": "in many practical scenarios of network design , input graphs have a natural drawing on the sphere or equivalently the plane . in most cases , these embeddings have few crossings , either to avoid digging multiple levels of tunnels for fiber or cable or to avoid building overpasses in road networks...
[ { "content": "in the present paper we further study random two - dimensional sets that satisfy the conformal invariance property combined with the restriction property , following the work of lawler , schramm and werner in @xcite and the paper of wu in @xcite . \n measures that satisfy conformal restriction pro...
[ { "content": "young massive star clusters , which often surpass the globular clusters in the galaxy in terms of brightness , mass , and density , are seen to result from intense episodes of star - formation in galaxies . \n however , star clusters are also found in relatively quiescent , low star - formation ra...
[ { "content": "the experimental achievement of bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) in dilute alkali atoms @xcite , spin - polarized hydrogen @xcite and recently in metastable helium @xcite has enormously stimulated the theoretical research @xcite on the ultracold bosons . among the several intriguing questions ...
[ { "content": "topological methods are increasingly used to describe observed states in condensed matter systems . \n prominent examples are the description of vortex textures in superfluid helium;@xcite band theory for topological insulators;@xcite topological superconductivity in a helical dirac gas@xcite and ...
[ { "content": "the calculation of accurate collision strengths for atomic transitions has been a long standing problem in the field of quantitative spectroscopy . \n any calculation involving atoms in non - lte conditions requires the knowledge of vast numbers of collision strengths in order to make these calcul...
[ { "content": "we consider a two - dimensional configuration of @xmath0 particles with @xmath105 contacts and @xmath57 polygons . for convenience of notation , \n only single digit particle indices are used in this example , so that the notation @xmath106 means the cartesian @xmath10 component of the unit vector...
[ { "content": "bayesian networks or graphical models based on directed acyclic graphs ( dags ) are widely used to represent complex causal systems in applications ranging from computational biology to epidemiology , and sociology @xcite . \n a dag entails a set of conditional independence relations through the ...
[ { "content": "much work has been done on spin related transport properties of nanoelectronic devices resulting in interesting applications , for example the so called spin field effect transistor proposed by datta and das @xcite . \n there has been particular interest in using the rashba effect to manipulate th...
[ { "content": "helical structures in the solar features like sunspot whirls were reported long back by george e. hale in 1925 @xcite . \n he found that about 80% of the sunspot whirls were counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere . \n later , in 1941 the result was con...
[ { "content": "the work of professor sabina on modelling of composite media and , in particular , piezoelectric heterogeneous solids has made a significant impact and addressed highly challenging problems of wave propagation and homogenisation approximations , which are extremely important in a wide range of app...
[ { "content": "hgmn stars are chemically peculiar stars for which periodic variability has not been found as of yet . \n searches for variability have been made mostly photometrically though some studies of spectral variability have also been attempted . \n historically , several hgmn stars have been claimed to ...
[ { "content": "there are two important phenomena observed in evolutionary dynamical systems of any kind : _ self - organization _ and _ emergence_. both phenomena are the exclusive result of endogenous interactions of the individual elements of an evolutionary dynamical system . \n emergence characterizes the pa...
[ { "content": "the general class of inventory - production systems is often associated to cost optimization problems . indeed , one must deal with three major matters : the storage of components , the possible random behavior of the manufacturing process and random clients demand @xcite . the controller must dec...
[ { "content": "transport properties of one - dimensional spin-@xmath0 systems are currently at the focus of active research . \n this has been motivated by the experimental manifestation of significant contributions to the thermal conductivity originating from magnetic excitations @xcite , stimulating intensive ...
[ { "content": "the optical or conductivity properties of generally anisotropic material are described by ( generally complex ) permittivity @xmath11 or conductivity @xmath10 tensor , being mutually related by ( in si units ) @xmath13 , where @xmath14 being kronecker delta and @xmath15 light frequency ( i.e. @xm...
[ { "content": "solar - cycle prediction , _ \n i.e. _ forecasting the amplitude and/or the epoch of an upcoming maximum is of great importance as solar activity has a fundamental impact on the medium - term weather conditions of the earth , especially with increasing concern over the various climate change scena...
[ { "content": "point - contact spectroscopy ( pcs ) has long been known as a method to study the interactions of electrons with other excitations in metals . \n @xcite the interpretation of the observed characteristics in point - contact ( pc ) spectra is usually difficult because most often contacts are made by...
[ { "content": "in this work we adopt a chemical evolution model ( see chiappini , matteucci , & romano 2000 ) that assumes two main accretion episodes for the formation of the galaxy : the first one forming the halo and bulge in a short timescale followed by a second one that forms the thin - disk , with a times...
[ { "content": "to uncover the neural circuit mechanisms underlying animal behavior , e.g. , working memory or decision making , is a fundamental issue in systems neuroscience @xcite . \n recent developments in multi - neuron recording methods make simultaneous recording of neuronal population activity possible ...
[ { "content": "patsis and zachilas [ 1994 ] proposed a method to visualize 4d spaces of section . \n it is based on rotation of the 3d projections of the figures in order to understand the geometry of the projections and on color for understanding the distribution of the consequents in the 4th dimension . \n thi...
[ { "content": "beams of light can carry quantized angular momentum , @xmath0 , that are typically referred to as having a photonic topological charge ( ptc ) of @xmath1 @xcite . \n circularly polarized light carries a spin angular momentum ( sam ) of @xmath2 and so has ptc of @xmath3 , but beams can also be cre...
[ { "content": "our understanding of distant galaxies and the history of galaxy formation has undergone a revolution in the past decade . \n galaxies are now routinely discovered and studied out to redshifts @xmath8 ( e.g. , dickinson et al . \n 2004 ; yan et al . 2005 ; bouwens et al . \n 2007 ; bouwens et al . ...
[ { "content": "assuming general relativity to be valid on all scales , data ranging from the cosmic microwave background to individual galaxies point towards a universe dominated by dark energy and dark matter , the nature of these being most certainly amongst the deepest problems of modern physics . \n while da...
[ { "content": "the remarkable results of the lhc experiments @xcite , @xcite culminating with the discovery of a higgs boson with a mass @xmath1 gev has limited the parameter space of many beyond the standard model theories @xcite without eliminating them completely . among the most popular candidates of this ty...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , falk and randell introduced the notion of a formal arrangement . \n an arrangement is formal iff every linear dependency among the defining forms of the hyperplanes can be expressed as linear combination of dependencies among exactly 3 defining forms . \n many interesting classes of ar...
[ { "content": "the intermediate silicon tracker ( ist ) is a silicon based particle detector installed at brookhaven national laboratory ( bnl ) in the relativistic heavy ion collider ( rhic ) . \n the detector is located in the central region of the solenoidal tracker at rhic ( star ) experiment and makes up th...