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[ { "content": "a charge placed in a polarizable medium is screened . \n dielectric theory describes the phenomenon by the induction of a polarization around the charge carrier . \n the induced polarization will follow the charge carrier when it is moving through the medium . \n the carrier together with the ind...
[ { "content": "the origin of cosmic radiation and a mechanism trough which it could acquire enormous energies has intrigued many physicists and mathematicians along the last decades . in particular \n , in the year of 1949 enrico fermi @xcite proposed a very simple model that qualitatively describes a process in...
[ { "content": "the results presented in this paper are obtained within the framework of hartree - fock based semi - empirical methods . \n this methodology is well tested and reliable to compute the electronic and optical properties of c - conjugated low - dimensional systems @xcite , including pahs themselves @...
[ { "content": "phase transition in quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) is one of the central subjects in high energy nuclear physics both theoretically and experimentally . \n first principle lattice qcd ( lqcd ) calculations have shown that the transition from quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) to hadronic matter is of cr...
[ { "content": "pulsating da ( h - rich atmospheres ) white dwarfs , also called zz ceti or dav stars , are the most numerous class of degenerate pulsators , with over 148 members known today . they are characterized by multiperiodic brightness variations caused by spheroidal , non - radial @xmath1-modes of low d...
[ { "content": "in general relativity the presence of a rotation ( intrinsic angular momentum , or spin ) of the central body influences motion of a particle orbiting it . due to this reason the orbits of test particles differ in the schwarzschild and kerr backgrounds . \n when , in turn , a test particle has spi...
[ { "content": "cluster algebras were first introduced by s. fomin and a. zelevinsky in @xcite to design an algebraic framework for understanding total positivity and canonical bases for quantum groups . \n a cluster algebra is a subring of a rational function field generated by a distinguished set of laurent pol...
[ { "content": "where the lower part of the classical instability strip intersects the main sequence , three distinct classes of multiperiodically pulsating variables can be found . the @xmath9 doradus stars pulsate in gravity modes of high radial order and have periods of the order of one day ( kaye et al . \n ...
[ { "content": "let us consider the initial - boundary value problem for the korteweg - de vries ( kdv ) equation with a decaying initial datum @xmath0 existence and uniqueness of real - valued , classical solutions can be proved via the inverse scattering transform , introduced by green , gardner , kruskal and m...
[ { "content": "the grist project ( ) is enabling astronomers and the public to interact with the grid projects that are being constructed worldwide , and bring to flower the promise of easy , powerful , distributed computing . \n our objectives are to understand the role of service - oriented architectures in as...
[ { "content": "the study of the space - time evolution of hadronization during lepto - production on nuclear targets is relatively straightforward because in this case , only one string ( two jets of hadrons ) is produced . \n the possible influence of the two string mechanism was studied in ref . \n @xcite , in...
[ { "content": "during migraine attacks , localized pathological excitation can spread through cortical tissue and invade large areas before it abates . \n this activity causes migraine aura , that is , neurological symptoms preceding the headache phase @xcite . \n the underlying process is a phenomenon called co...
[ { "content": "the energetic gamma - ray experiment telescope ( egret ) detected 66 active galactic nuclei ( agn ) with @xmath0-ray emission at energies greater than 100 mev @xcite . \n almost all of the agn identified were blazars , triggering immense interest and prompting a series of studies focused on the mu...
[ { "content": "chiral effective field theory ( eft ) as proposed in the pioneering works of weinberg @xcite is a powerful tool for the derivation of nuclear forces . in this scheme \n there is an underlying power counting which allows to improve calculations systematically by going to higher orders in a perturba...
[ { "content": "planetary nebulae ( pne ) are known to possess a variety of small - scale structures that are usually in a lower ionization state than the main body of the nebulae . \n the morphological and kinematic properties of these low - ionization structures ( liss , gonalves , corradi & mampaso , 2001 ) va...
[ { "content": "in a recent paper @xcite , spectral problem for the one - dimensional cauchy process ( that is , the symmetric @xmath3-stable process ) killed upon exiting a half - line or an interval was studied . for the half - line , an explicit formula for generalized eigenfunctions of transition operators \...
[ { "content": "with the discovery of the new resonance of mass around 125 gev by the atlas and cms collaborations at the lhc in 2012 , a change of paradigm has taken @xcite . \n the discovery has unambiguously established the role of the higgs mechanism in electroweak symmetry breaking ( ewsb ) . \n all the prop...
[ { "content": "the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance ( cmr ) in perovskite - type manganites has attracted considerable attention.@xcite double - exchange ( de ) mechanism , @xcite strong electron - phonon coupling , @xcite phase separation scenarios @xcite or a griffiths singularity @xcite were suggested...
[ { "content": "the authors would like to thank w. vogel for his valuable comments and discussions . \n this work was support by the villum kann rasmussen foundation ( denmark ) , the eu projects q - essence and malicia , and danish national research foundation . \n ngj is grateful for generous support from danma...
[ { "content": "the light - matter interaction has been subject of central interest since the early years of quantum mechanics . in @xmath0 , one of the first attempts to explain the results coming from experiments was the rabi model , that describes the simplest dipole semiclassical interaction between light and...
[ { "content": "we start with the equations of motion for a particle of unit mass on a three - dimensional sphere @xmath0 or in a lobachevsky space @xmath1 ( pseudosphere ) . \n the sphere @xmath0 ( pseudosphere @xmath1 ) can be parameterized using the cartesian ( redundant ) coordinates of the four - dimensional...
[ { "content": "support by european community ( fp7 eu - india grant athena and erc starting grant no.203523 bismuth ) is gratefully acknowledged . \n x.h . thanks claude ederer and chung - yuan ren for their helpful advices and comments . \n thanks j.m . \n perez - mato for useful discussions . \n the calculatio...
[ { "content": "since the quantum cascade laser ( qcl ) was introduced more than 20 years ago @xcite it has continuously been improved and redesigned to operate from the mid - infrared all the way down to the terahertz ( thz ) range . \n compact laser sources at these wavelengths are valuable for spectroscopic ap...
[ { "content": "for the vast majority of protoplanetary disks , modeling of the ir spectral energy distribution has been the principal tool for characterizing the properties of the dust disk . \n models for disks derived from such data are non - unique since the viewing geometry ( inclination ) , assumed grain op...
[ { "content": "at the heart of an active galactic nucleus lies the putative black - hole `` monster '' that supplies its power . \n much of this power emerges in the form of x - rays , which are in turn efficient probes of the immediate regions surrounding the nucleus . \n the fuel supply for the massive central...
[ { "content": "complex network tools have been used in different fields from social , technological and biological networks @xcite , to analyze the structure and dynamics of the network . \n different centrality measures have been used to find the important vertices in a network e.g. , degree centrality , eigen...
[ { "content": "some of us have recently argued that rotating black holes surrounded by relic cold dark matter ( dm ) density spikes may act as particle accelerators @xcite . in the limit of maximally rotating , \n extremal kerr black holes , we showed that collisions between particles , e.g. weakly interacting m...
[ { "content": "the non - keplerian rotation curves of spiral galaxies provided the first observational evidence that galaxies are embedded in extensive dark matter haloes ( @xcite ) . \n historically , the 21-cm emission from atomic neutral hydrogen gas ( hi ) has been the main tool to derive galaxy rotation cur...
[ { "content": "during last decade the integrable structures associated with conformal field theory ( cft ) and its @xmath0 extension were studied @xcite-@xcite . the main problem to which these papers were addressed is the simultaneous diagonalization of the corresponding infinite family of the integrals of moti...
[ { "content": "in recent years , there has been increasing interest in the quantitative study of aspects of circle packings , in particular for apollonian packings . \n for instance , the asymptotic count of the number of circles with bounded curvature has been determined @xcite , as well as several questions co...
[ { "content": "hyper - kamiokande ( hk , @xcite ) is a proposed next - generation water cherenkov detector consisting of two cylindrical tanks with a fiducial volume of @xmath1kt each . the first tank is expected to start data - taking in 2026 , with the second tank following six years later . \n hk has a broad...
[ { "content": "the temporal nature of interference in wireless networks depends on the underlying traffic as well as the subcarrier allocations of neighbouring base stations ( which usually employ multicarrier systems like ofdm ) . in practice , \n due to the bursty nature of data traffic and uncoordinated subca...
[ { "content": "recently fully microscopic calculations of nuclei with @xmath4 have become feasible @xcite . \n the @xmath0be nucleus is such a system of special interest , as it allows tests of theories of interaction of composite particles @xcite . \n the properties of low energy continuum of @xmath0be are of ...
[ { "content": "the fermion dipole moments are some of the best measured quantities in physics . \n while the limits for the cp - violating ones , the electric dipole moments , are impressive@xcite ( @xmath2 e - cm for the electron and the neutron ) , the agreement between the measurement of the anomalous magneti...
[ { "content": "the hadronic b decays are important for testing the standard model ( sm ) , and also for uncovering the signal of new physics . \n understanding non - leptonic @xmath1 meson decays is crucial for the ckm matrix elements measurements and cp violation detection . \n especially the direct cp violatio...
[ { "content": "according to all hydro - dynamical simulation for structure formation run in the framework of a @xmath8cdm cosmology , large concentrations of galaxies are the best tracers of the filamentary web of dark - matter that our local universe is made of . \n embedded into these filaments of shining ordi...
[ { "content": "the advantage of charged particles , in particular , protons and carbon nuclei , used for radiation therapy of cancer consists in elevated dose delivered at the end of projectile range in tissues . \n the plateau of the depth - dose distribution at the entrance of a monoenergetic beam terminates w...
[ { "content": "qcd predicts the existence of glueballs , the bound states of gluons , and the observation of glueballs would provide a direct test of qcd . in the quenched approximation , \n lattice qcd calculations predict the lightest glueball to be a @xmath7 with the mass being in the region from 1.4 to 1.8 g...
[ { "content": "for all terms and definitions , not defined specifically in this paper , we refer to @xcite . unless mentioned otherwise , all graphs considered here are simple , finite and have no isolated vertices . \n the researches in the field of graph labeling commenced with the introduction of the notion o...
[ { "content": "centaurusa ( cena ) is by far the most nearby radio galaxy and one of the brightest radio sources in the sky . \n its proximity of only @xmath10mpc @xcite makes it a unique target for studies of supermassive black hole ( smbh ) accretion , jet formation and acceleration , as well as the interactio...
[ { "content": "the gamma model of parallel programming was introduced by jean - pierre bentre and daniel le mtayer in @xcite ( see also @xcite for a more accessible account of the model and @xcite for a recent account of it ; also see @xcite for a thorough presentation of the field of multiset processing ) ....
[ { "content": "with the discovery of the standard model ( sm ) higgs in the atlas @xcite and cms @xcite experiments , we have taken one step further toward understanding the electroweak symmetry breaking ( ewsb ) through the spontaneous symmetry breaking ( ssb ) mechanism in the scalar sector . \n the next mis...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we perform the first benchmark of finite - volume lattice methods for the low - energy scattering of composite objects . \n our results will have immediate applications to lattice studies of elastic neutron - nucleus scattering . in the analysis presented here we consider scatteri...
[ { "content": "in recent years there has been a great interest in the study of absorption effects on transport properties of classically chaotic cavities @xcite ( for a review see ref . \n this is due to the fact that for experiments in microwave cavities @xcite , elastic resonators @xcite and elastic media \n...
[ { "content": "* simulation . * to find the transmission amplitude and phase of a multi - element metasurface , the rigorous coupled wave analysis technique was used @xcite . \n a normally incident plane wave at each wavelength was used as the excitation , and the amplitude and phase of the transmitted wave wer...
[ { "content": "the fractional fourier transform is becoming increasingly more important due to an ever - growing list of applications in signal processing , optics and quantum mechanics and in other areas of science @xcite . in order to define this object \n one needs first to diagonalize the fourier transform o...
[ { "content": "consider the following situation . \n alice writes a message to bob consisting of the numbers of several bank accounts to which bob has to send some money . \n she writes in a hurry ( she just got to know that the transfers are urgent if they do not want to pay delay punishment , but currently she...
[ { "content": "the counter - intuitive phenomenon of effective attractions between like - charges immersed in an electrolyte has recently attracted considerable attention , and questions one of the fundamental tenets of colloid science @xcite . \n the understanding of the underlying mechanism is crucial for a co...
[ { "content": "the superposition of states is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics . recently \n , the arbitrary superposition of fock states @xcite has been produced in a superconducting resonator with a josephson phase qubit @xcite . \n this offers novel ways to directly study the quantum coherence of th...
[ { "content": "in a recently published letter we have shown that the measurement of the magnetic moment of samples with ring geometry enables the identification of regions with degraded superconducting regions and can be used as a sensitive method to investigate the critical current density @xmath4 of high tempe...
[ { "content": "evidence for efimov three - body bound states , which were proposed originally in the context of nuclear physics @xcite , has been observed in a number of ultracold atom gas experiments @xcite . in principle , near a magnetic - field feshbach resonance @xcite there exists an infinite number of thr...
[ { "content": "disclination lines @xcite are characteristic defects of uniaxial nematic phases . \n these lines break the orientational order of the director field . \n they can easily form , for instance by stirring a nematic drop deposited on a glass plate . \n observation in the microscope reveals a _ threade...
[ { "content": "qcd is nowadays the main theoretical framework for understanding hadronic processes , but its non - abelian character makes low energy calculations unfeasible . the usual strategy for overcoming this difficulty consists in working with effective theories , constructed in such a way as to include ,...
[ { "content": "the total number of models pretending to explain the origin of the knee exceeds twenty and the number of people who propose these models is about thirty . \n the number of ideas is definitely larger , but i deliberately distinguish _ ideas _ and _ models _ , because sometimes the ideas are not dev...
[ { "content": "the transverse degree of freedom of an optical field is the fundamental aspect of light that contains spatial information . \n utilization of this information is the basic resource in traditional imaging systems and in applications such as microscopy , lithography , holography or metrology . \n in...
[ { "content": "nls1 sources are defined as a subclass of broad line objects at the basis of the optical spectra , as sources with the full width at half maximum ( fwhm ) of h@xmath2 line , produced in broad line region , smaller than 2100 kms@xmath3 . in bls1s fwhm(h@xmath2 ) is @xmath4 2100 kms@xmath3 . \n it ...
[ { "content": "early empirical correlations between the preponderance of young stars and gas in galaxies ( e.g. , @xcite ) confirmed in a qualitative sense the simple power - law dependence between star formation rate surface density ( @xmath15 ) and gas surface density ( @xmath16 ) first suggested by @xcite w...
[ { "content": "in this note , all graphs are finite , simple and undirected . \n the complete graph on @xmath1 vertices is denoted by @xmath2 . \n the number of graph vertices in the largest complete subgraph of @xmath0 , denoted by @xmath3 is called the clique number of @xmath0 . \n the girth of a graph is the ...
[ { "content": "this is the first in a series of papers about the numerical treatment of collapsing gravitational waves using a new pseudospectral code developed for the problem . in the early @xmath1s critical phenomena \n were discovered in gravitational collapse @xcite , in spherical symmetry , with general ...
[ { "content": "the si - w ecal physics prototype is composed of 30 layers of @xmath1 wafers , each wafer having an array of @xmath2 pixels of @xmath3 @xmath4 . \n the two top rows of wafers are completed for the full depth in july 2006 . \n the mechanical structure consists of tungsten sheets wrapped in carbon ...
[ { "content": "a one - sided infinite sequence @xmath1 over the alphabet @xmath2 is called a ( classical ) _ kolakoski sequence _ ( named after w. kolakoski who introduced it in 1965 , see @xcite ) , if it equals the sequence defined by its run lengths , e.g. : @xmath3 here , a _ run _ is a maximal subword con...
[ { "content": "the dynamics and pinning of vortices in type - ii superconductors is arguably one of the most widely investigated phenomena in the field of superconductivity . recently \n , particular attention has been devoted to the possibility of controlling the strength of the vortex pinning using different m...
[ { "content": "high temperature superconductivity ( htsc ) is one of the most intriguing phenomena in modern solid state physics . \n experimentally , htsc is observed in layered cuprate compounds . \n the undoped cuprates are antiferromagnetically ordered insulators which develop the characteristic superconduct...
[ { "content": "we thank werner porod , debottam das and daniel e. lopez - fogliani for fruitful discussions . a.v . \n acknowledges support from the anr project cpv - lfv - lhc nt09 - 508531 . \n this work was supported by the spanish micinn under grants fpa2008 - 00319/fpa and fpa2011 - 22975 by the multidark c...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 be an interval of the real line and @xmath2 be a finite collection of points that split @xmath1 into subintervals @xmath3 , @xmath4 . \n a transformation @xmath5 of the interval @xmath1 that rearranges the subintervals by translation is called an _ interval exchange transformation _ ( ...
[ { "content": "in these lectures we explore the subject of nonequilibrium dynamics . before getting into any kind of detail \n let us first establish what we mean by a nonequilibrium system . \n this is best done by taking stock of our understanding of an equilibrium system . \n consider the canonical ( boltzman...
[ { "content": "as pointed out in a recent paper by irvine and bouwmeester @xcite , electromagnetic knots are exact solutions of the classical maxwell equations of electromagnetism in vacuum . \n they appeared firstly in a paper by raada @xcite in 1989 . \n raada himself @xcite has used these solutions as the bas...
[ { "content": "for several reasons there is particular interest in the low - lying eigenmodes of the dirac operator in qcd . from phenomenological models \n it is expected that for sufficiently light quark masses physics , e.g. hadron correlators , is dominated by these modes . \n calculations on the lattice ena...
[ { "content": "the advances in the nanotechnology make it possible to produce small quantum dots with desired controllable properties . \n the analogy between such a system and an atom has proved to be quite close @xcite . since however \n no natural restrictions for choosing the control parameters exist , the q...
[ { "content": "at cern s large hadron collider ( lhc ) , it is widely anticipated that signals of new physics , for example supersymmetry , may manifest themselves as large excesses of data compared to expected qcd and electroweak backgrounds at high momentum scales @xcite . \n the estimation of these backgroun...
[ { "content": ", the time at which the signal is to be estimated.,scaledwidth=48.0% ] estimation theory is the science of determining the state of a system , such as a dice , an aircraft , or the weather in boston , from noisy observations @xcite . as shown in fig . \n [ classes ] , estimation problems can be...
[ { "content": "this paper is devoted to the application of the semidefinite programming method to estimates of the size of the largest possible two - distance set on the sphere @xmath3 . \n a spherical two - distance set is a finite collection @xmath4 of unit vectors in @xmath0 such that the set of distances bet...
[ { "content": "superradiance , the collective emission of a sample of atoms , is one of the most celebrated examples of cooperative quantum phenomena , while synchronization is a widespread and paradigmatic emergent behavior in complex systems ( see @xcite and @xcite , respectively , for comprehensive reviews ) ...
[ { "content": "one of the most remarkable and fundamentally important result of the field quantization is the casimir effect which is a force arising from the change of the zero point energy caused by imposing the boundary conditions ( bc ) @xcite . \n this force is the macroscopic aspect of the quantum electrod...
[ { "content": "the study of gross properties of bulk self - gravitating objects using thomas - fermi model has been discussed in a very lucid manner in the text book on statistical physics by landau and lifshitz @xcite . in this book \n the model has also been extended for the bulk system with ultra - relativist...
[ { "content": "with the maturing of the quasi - phase - matching ( qpm ) technique , in particular by electric - field poling of ferro - electric materials , such as linbo@xmath0 @xcite , by poling of polymers @xcite and quantum - well disordering in semiconductors @xcite , the number of applications of quadrati...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be an infinite sequence of iid random variables with mean @xmath1 and variance @xmath2 . \n two key results in probability theory are the central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm . \n the _ central limit theorem _ ( clt ) states that for @xmath6 , one has @xmath7 ...
[ { "content": "ultra - luminous x - ray sources ( ulxs ) are generally defined as extra - nuclear galactic x - ray sources with x - ray luminosities @xmath4 erg s@xmath1 , a luminosity that is seldom reached by any galactic ( milky way ) x - ray binary ( xrb ) . \n if ulxs emit their x - rays isotropically , by...
[ { "content": "there are four gamma - ray bursts ( hereafter grbs ) displaying the fe k@xmath0 emission lines in their afterglows ( @xcite,@xcite,@xcite,@xcite ) . \n what are the implications of these observations ? \n a fireball model @xcite , which explains the behaviors of grbs well , needs a central engine ...
[ { "content": "it is not possible to measure a mass composition of primary cosmic rays ( pcr ) in the energy range @xmath0 ev using the direct method . \n nothing remains , but to resort to the indirect methods when for the similar estimates the measurement of different components of extensive air shower ( eas ...
[ { "content": "particles , magnetic fields , and radiation all contribute to the propulsion of relativistic jets , though the relative contribution of each is still an open matter of debate . in certain situations , \n however , the mechanism responsible for launching the jet operates simultaneously with the rel...
[ { "content": "the high mass x - ray binary ( hmxb ) was discovered in outburst by the swift burst alert telescope ( bat ) on 18 december 2005 @xcite . \n it was soon recognized to be an x - ray pulsar with a @xmath415s spin period @xcite and its companion was classified as a b0ve star at a distance of @xmath410...
[ { "content": "phase - separating binary fluids form complex patterns of domains after a quench into the two - phase region of the phase diagram . \n the domain morphology is determined by a number of factors such as the volume fractions of the two phases , their viscosities , and any external forces applied to ...
[ { "content": "symmetry braking phase transitions in the early universe have several cosmological consequences and provide an important link between particle physics and cosmology . \n in particular , different types of topological objects may have been formed by the vacuum phase transitions after planck time ki...
[ { "content": "recall the classical linear transient 2nd - order convection - diffusion problem for an unknown scalar function @xmath1 on a bounded domain @xmath2 : @xmath3{rcll } \\partial_{t}u - \\varepsilon \\delta u + { \\boldsymbol \\beta}\\cdot \\operatorname{\\bf grad } u & = & f & \\text{in } ...
[ { "content": "graphene@xcite , composed carbon atoms arranged in a two - dimensional honeycomb lattice , is the building block for all graphitic materials from the 0d fullerenes to 1d nanotubes and also the common 3d graphite . \n however , following peierls and landau s arguments , the two - dimensional lattic...
[ { "content": "the motivation for this project is to design a novel optical system for quasi - real time alignment of tracker detector elements used in high energy physics ( hep ) experiments . \n fox - murphy _ et.al . \n _ from oxford university reported their design of a frequency scanned interferometer ( fsi...
[ { "content": "neutrino flavor oscillations @xcite with wavelength comparable to the earth - sun distance @xcite represent a solution @xcite to the deficit of solar @xmath4 s @xcite observed in the four pioneering underground experiments homestake @xcite , kamiokande @xcite , sage @xcite , and gallex @xcite , as...
[ { "content": "in the paradigm for the power source of an agn , the continuum luminosity and spectral temperature are related to the mass by the relation @xmath1 where @xmath2 is the average photon energy , @xmath3 cm is the radius , and @xmath4 is the bolometric luminosity . \n the temperature in the part...
[ { "content": "[ sec : intro ] a _ reflection framework _ is a planar structure made of _ fixed - length bars _ connected by _ universal joints _ with full rotational freedom . \n additionally , the bars and joints are symmetric with respect to a reflection through a fixed axis . \n the allowed motions preserve ...
[ { "content": "autonomous motion is an important issue in active soft matter , with possible applications ranging from energy harvesting @xcite to microfluidic transport @xcite and mixing @xcite . \n recently realized microswimmers carry , as active element , heat - absorbing or catalytic parts which generate te...
[ { "content": "the combinations of different observations astrophysical data continuously testing the theoretical models and the bounds of the parameters . \n different observations of the sneia @xcite , large scale redshift surveys @xcite , the measurements of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) @xcite and ...
[ { "content": "the fundamental principle behind the creation of dissipative solitons is that their stability relies upon the simultaneous balance of conservative and dissipative ingredients in the underlying system @xcite . \n these are the diffraction and self - focusing nonlinearity in the conservative part of...
[ { "content": "the determination of geometric parameters of extrasolar planets has an essential role in inferring their densities and hence their compositions , masses and ages . \n this information leads to refinements of the models of planetary systems and yields important constraints on planet formation @xcit...
[ { "content": "the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitation spectrum of yba@xmath1cu@xmath2o@xmath3 ( ybco ) and bi@xmath1sr@xmath1cacu@xmath1o@xmath11 ( bscco ) cuprates is the so - called `` 41mev resonance''@xcite at the antiferromagnetic ( af ) wave vector @xmath12 . \n its energy @xmath13 is @xmath...
[ { "content": "dwarf spheroidal galaxies ( dsph ) galaxies are believed to be the most dark matter ( dm ) dominated stellar systems known . \n they have low stellar content and are poor in , or entirely devoid of , gas . \n they are widely thought of as the smallest cosmological structures containing dm in the u...
[ { "content": "in the standard picture ( e.g. ) subdwarf b ( sdb ) stars are core helium burning stars on the extended horizontal branch ( ehb ) . \n they consist of a he core with a mass of @xmath00.48@xmath1 , the canonical mass for a he core flash on the first red giant branch ( rgb ) , and a thin , inert hy...
[ { "content": "in the union @xmath0 , fig . [ f1 ] , b and a , of the unit straight strip@xmath10 and a rectangle of length @xmath11 and a small width @xmath12@xmath13 \\right\\ } , \\label{0}\\ ] ] we consider the spectral neumann problem@xmath14 [ ptb ] newcaduna.epsc:/users/desktop/documents/google ...
[ { "content": "in the treatment of the motion of _ extended _ bodies in classical field theory , the derivation of radiation reaction forces is based upon certain expansions of the retarded field potentials in powers of the retardation @xcite . \n the resulting local equations of motion involve derivatives of t...
[ { "content": "spin dependent transport phenomena in low - dimensional semiconductor structures have been of a lot of interest to the scientific community in recent years due to the potential applications in the highly emerging field of spintronics.@xcite intense research in this field was initiated after the pr...