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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "spin peierls compounds such as cugeo have solitons in their incommensurate phase @xcite the magnetic profile of which can be measured by nmr techniques @xcite and which must be accounted for by any theoretical model . recently a systematic study of solitons in the heisenberg spin peierls model was...
[ { "content": "systems of cold atoms in optical lattices have provided a highly controllable testing ground for quantum many - body physics @xcite . \n particularly , a transition from superfluid ( sf ) to mott - insulator ( mi ) has attracted much attention . the sf to mi transition \n can be induced by increa...
[ { "content": "studies of @xmath2 and @xmath4 mesons and their interactions with nucleons provide an interesting window on axial u(1 ) dynamics . \n the flavor - singlet @xmath5 channel is characterized by a large okubo - zweig - iizuka ( ozi ) violation : the masses of the @xmath2 and @xmath6 mesons are 300400 ...
[ { "content": "since several decades polymer brushes find abiding interest for various applications , and have been studied very intensively by experiment , analytical theory , and computer simulations @xcite . \n the structure of these soft polymeric layers and their response to various external perturbations d...
[ { "content": "in a recent experimental work , sistla , et al . \n @xcite observed a novel granular circulation occurring in a flat - bottomed cylindrical container ( or `` pan '' ) subjected to coupled horizontal and vertical vibrations . \n the apparatus studied was a commonly available industrial device used ...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , v.i . arnold introduced a theorem stating that the family of graphs of solutions of any linear second - order differential equation ( lsode ) , with arbitrary time dependent coefficients , is locally diffeomorphic to the family of graphs of solutions of the simplest one - dimensional e...
[ { "content": "w43-mm1 is a large and young high mass star forming clump located within the w43 region and at 5.5 kpc from the sun @xcite . \n the clump is near @xmath0 and at an interface with an extended region powered by a cluster of o type and wolf - rayet stars . @xcite . \n w43-mm1 has been well studied i...
[ { "content": "the knudsen number is defined as @xmath69 , where @xmath70 is the density - dependent mean - free path within the gas and @xmath71 is the typical length scale associated with the diffusing particle @xcite . for the cs atoms , \n the mean free path is given by @xmath72 , where @xmath73 is the inter...
[ { "content": "the concept of a `` field '' population of galaxies as distinct from the group / cluster populations has existed since the earliest days of extragalactic astronomy ( hubble 1936 ) and it is used recurrently in studies aimed to explore the effects of large scale environment on galaxy properties . ...
[ { "content": "heavy quark production in hard collisions of hadrons , leptons , and photons has been considered as a clean test of perturbative qcd ( for a recent review see , e.g. , ref @xcite ) . \n this process provides not only many tests of perturbative qcd , but also some of the most important backgrounds ...
[ { "content": "the study of non - hubble motions and of the peculiar velocity field of galaxies on different scales forms an observational foundation for many tasks of present - day cosmology ( see the survey of strauss and willick , 1995 ) . for detailed analysis of peculiar velocities ample samples of galaxies...
[ { "content": "hole - doped manganites r@xmath4a@xmath5mno@xmath1 ( r = la , nd , pr , ... and a = sr , ca , ... ) , exhibit colossal magnetoresistive@xcite ( cmr ) properties , associated with the mixed manganese valence mn@xmath6 ( @xmath7)/mn@xmath8(@xmath9 ) resulting from the substitution of trivalent r ion...
[ { "content": "sky transparency is a fundamental parameter governing the operation of any optical observatory . \n best telescope performance comes when skies are photometric - cloud - free - and in general , efficiency at a given site depends directly on the fraction of time that skies are clear enough to obser...
[ { "content": "last decade witnessed a brutal transformation in neutrino physics . \n it has been experimentally observed that neutrinos have nonzero masses , implying that leptons blend . \n this fact was demonstrated by the experimental evidence that neutrinos can change from one state , or `` flavour '' , to ...
[ { "content": "* synthesis of planar [ cu(pyz)@xmath12(pyo)@xmath12](pf@xmath14)@xmath12*. in the minimum amount of water , cucl@xmath582h@xmath2o ( 0.502 g , 2.95 mmol ) and agpf@xmath4 ( 1.489 g , 5.89 mmol ) were mixed together to yield a white precipitate of agcl and a pale blue solution containing the `` cu...
[ { "content": "it is widely believed that radio - loud quasars and radio galaxies differ from each other only in terms of the angle between their radio axes and the line of sight ( scheuer 1987 ; barthel 1989 ) . \n quasars are observed fairly close to the line of sight ( @xmath1 ) and therefore frequently exhib...
[ { "content": "it has been recently shown @xcite that a constant magnetic field in @xmath1 and @xmath0 dimensions is a strong catalyst of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking , leading to the generation of a fermion dynamical mass even at the weakest attractive interaction between fermions . \n the essence of the ...
[ { "content": "galaxies appear to form stars in at least two modes ; a quiescent and a starburst mode . \n an observational relation revealing these modes is the kennicutt \n schmidt relation between the gas surface density ( @xmath1 ) and the star formation rate per surface area ( @xmath2 ) within a galaxy @xci...
[ { "content": "three - electron quantum dots are expected to attract a lot of attention in the near future due to several developments , both experimental and theoretical . \n first , it was recently demonstrated@xcite that detailed excitation spectra of two - electron quantum dots ( in addition to earlier groun...
[ { "content": "spin - dependent transport processes in layered structures are described on the basis of the following simple picture . after entering in the k - th layer @xmath0 , the incident current ( which was spin polarized along the axis described by the unite vector @xmath1 in the layer @xmath2 ) \n first ...
[ { "content": "in 1974 , c. n. yang@xcite pointed out that a fundamental gauge force is completely and intrinsically characterized by a non - integrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge @xmath0 picks up when it moves from a to b points : @xmath1 here @xmath2 is the gauge potential and @xmath3 s...
[ { "content": "presently , it is well known that information has become the most important resource leading to many major paradigm shifts . the realization has now emerged that the processing of information can not be separated from the underlying fundamental physics and that the physical aspects of information ...
[ { "content": "the last couple of years have witnessed an impressive series of achievements in the field of large - scale structure , thanks to new large surveys of galaxies and clusters of galaxies . \n the enthusiasm for new results on the clustering of galaxies and clusters has been strenghtened by the unprec...
[ { "content": "we seek to posit a geochemical model for morphogenesis of eukaryotic organisms that includes cellular details . \n our aim is to describe the main laws underlying the morphogenetic processes during normal development as well as during possible perturbations resulting in creating structure de novo ...
[ { "content": "the r - process nucleosynthesis is called for to explain the origin of about half the elements heavier than iron observed in nature . \n its astrophysical origin remains a mystery . \n the r - process is one of the most complex nucleosynthesis process to explore because of the numerous difficultie...
[ { "content": "cataclysmic variables ( cv ) are short period binary systems consisting of a white dwarf that accretes matter via roche - lobe overflow from a low - mass companion star . these objects exhibit a wide range of phenomenology including optical flickering in nova - like systems , dwarf nova eruptions ...
[ { "content": "laboratory experiments @xcite and numerical simulations @xcite can now systematically explore sustained homogeneous nonequilibrium systems of quite large aspect ratios ( @xmath2 ) which possibly approximate a thermodynamic limit of infinite system size . \n these advances raise the theoretical que...
[ { "content": "this supplementary information gives more details about realization of fault - tolerant quantum random number generator through topological manipulation of majorana fermions . in sec . \n i , we give the detailed proof on how to certify genuine randomness through observation of violation of the ma...
[ { "content": "taurus - auriga is the star forming region which has been most thoroughly surveyed for pre - main - sequence binary and multiple systems ( see mathieu 1994 for a review ) . for separations from 15 a.u . to 2000 a.u . \n , the binary frequency among ttauri stars in taurus is 1.9 times as high as a...
[ { "content": "the study of complex systems , a name that is frequently used for systems having a large number of elements that interact in ( usually ) non trivial ways , has been greatly advanced in recent years by the use of graph theory @xcite . \n one can map a complex system to a complex network by represe...
[ { "content": "", "role": "user" }, { "content": "we examine the out - of - equilibrium dynamical evolution of density profiles of ultrasoft particles under time - varying external confining potentials in three spatial dimensions . \n the theoretical formalism employed is the dynamical density functi...
[ { "content": "braneworld models with large extra dimensions @xcite have attracted wide attention owing to their success in solving some open questions in modern physics @xcite . to realize the braneworld idea one should find a mechanism of localization , however , there are some difficulties in this matter with...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , a gauge - invariant calculation was presented showing that the propagator for a charged particle acquires an interesting fractal structure from its self - interaction in quantum electrodynamics . in simple terms , the usual dirac propagator @xmath0 is replaced by the nonlocal expressio...
[ { "content": "a geyser can be defined as a periodically eruptive spring resulting from earth s thermal activity . \n one of the most famous geyser is the old faithful [ fig . \n [ fig : geyser](a ) ] in the yellowstone national park in the united states . \n it erupts about every 90 minutes and projects hot wat...
[ { "content": "the tw hya association , a loose grouping of very young stars that does not appear to be related to any nearby molecular cloud material , has been the subject of considerable attention in recent years . \n the prototype of the association , tw hya itself , was the first recognized example of an i...
[ { "content": "quantum physics allows us a perfect randomness , so most of all quantum information - theoretic primitives try to offer an unconditional security under the randomness . for examples , quantum key distribution protocols such as bb84 @xcite and b92 \n @xcite highly depend on a random measurements f...
[ { "content": "small trapped fermi gases with contact or short - range interactions have attracted a great deal of attention recently @xcite . using lithium or potassium , for example \n , equal - mass two - component systems can be realized experimentally by occupying two different hyperfine states . for typic...
[ { "content": "among the structures shown by interacting galaxies ( barnes & hernquist 1992 ) , the so - called collisional ring galaxies ( theys & spiegel 1976 , 1977 ) are a rare and most distinctive sub - class ( appelton & struck - marcell 1996 ) . \n collisional ring galaxies occur from an almost head - on ...
[ { "content": "in the last decade transport properties of mesoscopic superconductor / normal metal ( s / n ) structures were intensively studied ( see for example the review articles @xcite and references therein ) . it was established that in these nano - structures , i.e. in structures whose dimensions are les...
[ { "content": "recently there has been renewed interest in studying the distribution of quark and gluon fields in the three - quark static - baryon potential . \n while early studies were inconclusive @xcite , improved computing resources and analysis techniques now make it possible to study this system in a qua...
[ { "content": "in this paper we consider the solution of complex symmetric shifted linear systems of the form @xmath1 where @xmath2 are nonsingular @xmath3-by-@xmath3 complex symmetric sparse matrices , i.e. , @xmath4 , with scalar shifts @xmath5 , @xmath6 is the @xmath3-by-@xmath3 identity matrix , and @xmath7 ...
[ { "content": "seyfert galaxies are relatively nearby ( @xmath2 0.1 ) , moderate - luminosity ( @xmath3 @xmath4 10@xmath5 10@xmath6 erg s@xmath7 ) active galaxies . the large - scale morphologies of these galaxies typically resemble those of normal ( i.e. , inactive ) spiral galaxies , although there are some e...
[ { "content": "the equilibrium thermodynamics of a gauge theory is studied in the non - perturbative domain by lattice simulations of the partition function . \n much is now known about the phase transitions in @xmath0 and @xmath1 pure gauge theory and in qcd , including the order , the transition temperature , ...
[ { "content": "in its very short life time the hitomi x - ray observatory has revealed extremely valuable information on the nature of the intracluster medium ( icm ) of the perseus cluster of galaxies @xcite . \n the analysis of hitomi x - ray observations by @xcite show a relatively quiescent icm . \n the hot ...
[ { "content": "membrane vesicles are made of a closed bilayer of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solution , having length scales of @xmath0@xmath1 @xmath2 m . \n used as simplified models of biological membranes , they have been one of the most extensively studied systems in soft - matter physics @xcite . \n ve...
[ { "content": "rrrccc crrcc helms 0015@xmath60404 & 3.9286&@xmath64.0715 & 61.7@xmath76.0 & 67.8@xmath75.7 & 54.3@xmath77.2&26.5 & 3.93038&@xmath64.07262 & 69.4@xmath76.7 & 72.4@xmath713.4 + helms 0041@xmath80410 & 10.3541&@xmath84.1679 & 80.8@xmath76.2 & 83.0@xmath76.5 & 43.6@xmath77.0&15.8 & & & @xmath935.1 & ...
[ { "content": "the study of the kuiper belt has exploded since the discovery of 1992 qb1 by @xcite . \n the brightness distribution of objects with @xmath2 magnitude brighter than @xmath026 is relatively well - established by many surveys , most recently by ( * ? ? ? \n * and references therein ) . \n the bright...
[ { "content": "ebola hemorrhagic fever is a highly infectious and lethal disease named after a river in the democratic republic of the congo ( formerly zaire ) where it was first identified in 1976 @xcite . \n twelve outbreaks of ebola have been reported in congo , sudan , gabon , and uganda as of september 14 ,...
[ { "content": "among the heavy quarkona , the @xmath15 meson being the unique meson with two different heavy quarks in the standard model has aroused great interest since its discovery by the cdf collaboration @xcite . although the direct \" hadronic production of the @xmath15 meson has been systematically stud...
[ { "content": "the hadronic matrix element of weak @xmath0 transition ( @xmath2 : pseudoscalar meson ) is described by two form factors , whereas in general it requires four form factors to parametrize the weak matrix element for @xmath1 transition ( @xmath3 : vector meson ) . \n heavy quark symmetry predicts th...
[ { "content": "in recent years it has become clear that the gas - phase d / h ratio varies significantly from one sightline to another within a few hundred pc of the sun ( see , e.g. , moos et al . \n 2002 ; steigman 2003 ; wood et al . 2004 ; hbrard 2005 ) . \n this has often been taken to result from regional...
[ { "content": "among many numerical techniques for condensed matter physics , the monte carlo method is a popular choice when a long correlation length or a small excitation gap is anticipated . \n apart from the negative sign difficulty , most of the shortcomings of the quantum monte carlo ( qmc ) method for sp...
[ { "content": "since the inception of quantum computing @xcite , a large effort has been devoted to making quantum computers function in a noisy environment and securing them against imperfections in the physical setup itself . \n the theoretical literature offers several ways to cope with such errors . \n the l...
[ { "content": "the bilateral filter of tomasi and maduchi @xcite is a particular instance of an edge - preserving smoothing filter . \n the origins of the filter can be traced back to the work of lee @xcite and yaroslavsky @xcite . \n the susan framework of smith and brady @xcite is also based on a similar idea ...
[ { "content": "since their introduction by atiyah @xcite , segal @xcite and witten @xcite , topological quantum field theories ( tqfts ) have been studied intensely using a wide range of techniques . the first construction in 2 + 1 dimensions was given by reshetikhin and turaev @xcite using representation theory...
[ { "content": "we consider the unitary random matrix model @xmath0 defined on hermitian @xmath1 matrices @xmath2 in a critical regime where the limiting mean density of eigenvalues vanishes at an interior point . \n it is a basic fact of random matrix theory @xcite that the eigenvalues of the random matrix ensem...
[ { "content": "ising and dimer models were among the first models in two - dimensional statistical mechanics for where the partition function and for some of the correlation functions were computed explicitly in terms of pfaffians of certain matrices . \n for this reason both of these models can be regarded as t...
[ { "content": "measuring the distances to objects is one of the most fundamental tasks in astronomy , yet it is also one of the most difficult . among the many indirect methods astronomers have devised for dealing with this problem is the technique of `` standard candles : '' identifying a class of sources which...
[ { "content": "dynamical networks @xcite model physical and biological behavior in many applications ; examples range from networks of neurons @xcite , josephson junctions arrays @xcite to genetic networks @xcite , protein interaction nets @xcite and metabolic networks @xcite . synchronization in dynamical netwo...
[ { "content": "clusters of galaxies , the largest gravitationally - bound structures , are believed to form hierarchically in a sequence of cosmic structure formation where smaller groups of galaxies merge to form larger and richer systems ( geller & beers 1982 ; dressler & shectman 1988 ; girardi et al . \n 199...
[ { "content": "there is a strong tension , recently quantified by @xcite , between the value of the hubble constant @xmath0 derived by _ \n planck _ @xcite from anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) : @xmath7 km \n s@xmath5 mpc@xmath5 , and the value from local measurements : @xmath8 km s@xmath...
[ { "content": "statistical homogeneity and isotropy of the universe on sufficiently large scales is a crucial assumption which simplifies the study of large scale structure of the universe and cosmology as a whole . \n this assumption which is known as the cosmological principle is one of the fundamental pillars...
[ { "content": "many intriguing and fascinating results were shown during this conference , which certainly require some revision of our classical understanding of the evolution of the first stellar generations in the universe . \n let us briefly recall a few of them here : * the measured abundances of many el...
[ { "content": "the concept of _ compact galaxies _ was introduced by zwicky @xcite , who has described them as galaxies barely distinguishable from stars \" on the palomar sky survey plates . the term blue compact dwarf ( bcd ) \n galaxies @xcite identify those objects that show low luminosity , small linear di...
[ { "content": "coherent optical fiber links are the most precise technique to transfer time and frequency signals or to compare remote frequency standards , @xcite as they improve by more than four orders of magnitude the resolution of current satellite techniques @xcite . \n thus , they are a key technology bot...
[ { "content": "the existence of warped accretion discs , in which the orbital plane of the gas varies slowly with radius and possibly with time , is suggested by both observational evidence and theoretical reasoning . of the observational results , \n perhaps the best examples are certain x - ray binary stars , ...
[ { "content": "the large - scale spatial distribution of dark matter , as revealed from numerical simulations , shows a characteristic anisotropic web - like structure . \n this _ cosmic web _ , which arises through the gravitational clustering of matter , is mainly due to the effects of the tidal field : in fac...
[ { "content": "the experimental demonstration of bose - einstein condensates ( bec ) @xcite has lead to the development of atom lasers by outcoupling atoms from trapped becs by either a radio frequency transition or a raman transition to change the internal state of the atom to one that is either untrapped or an...
[ { "content": "an understanding of the nature of the electron spectral function in the underdoped ` pseudogap ' regime has emerged as one of the central problems in the study of the cuprate superconductors . \n a wealth of data has appeared in photoemission studies , some of which @xcite has been interpreted usi...
[ { "content": "x - ray diffraction is a powerful method for investigating structures of molecules . \n x - ray crystallography has become the standard tool for identifying the structure of large molecules and proteins @xcite . \n recent developments in x - ray sources have opened new opportunities @xcite for ima...
[ { "content": "recently , there has been a growing interest in the study of interfaces with non - trivial geometry . \n such interfaces arise in a variety of situations including domain walls in random magnets,@xcite fluid invasion in porous media@xcite , spreading on heterogeneous surfaces@xcite , membranes and...
[ { "content": "solar jets which are small - scale plasma ejections along open field lines or the legs of large - scale coronal loops have been extensively investigated ( e.g. , schmieder et al . \n 1988 ; shibata et al . \n 1994 ; zhang et al . \n 2000 ; liu & kurokawa 2004 ; cirtain et al . \n 2007 ; jiang et a...
[ { "content": "for a decade , the passive remote sensing techniques based upon electromagnetic sources of opportunity have become more and more popular for detection and characterization purposes . \n the most significant reason for this enthusiasm lies in the fact that the passive systems take advantage of the ...
[ { "content": "the control theory is the analysis of controlled dynamical systems . \n these systems are varied : they can be differential , stochastic or discrete . \n the optimal control theory concerns the determination of a control optimizing a certain cost . \n consequently , this theory is strongly connect...
[ { "content": "although early - type galaxies make up much of the stellar mass in the local universe ( e.g. fukugita , peebles , & hogan 1998 , coppi & zepf 2000 ) , there is no consensus on when or how they formed . \n the possibilities range from monolithic collapse at high redshift to formation via galaxy me...
[ { "content": "ode - locking ( ml ) is a fascinating phenomenon that allows the generation of ultrashort pulses from a laser @xcite and that is still a subject of intense research . \n passive ml ( pml ) is arguably the most successful approach and it is achieved by combining two elements , a laser amplifier whi...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a reiamannian 2-sphere . denote the area of @xmath0 by @xmath6 . \n in this paper we consider the problem of slicing @xmath0 by short curves . \n we start with the following isoperimetric problem : when is it possible to subdivide @xmath0 into two regions of relatively large area by...
[ { "content": "double - well lattices @xcite provide an interesting , experimentally accessible tool to investigate quantum effects for atom numbers even down to less than six atoms @xcite . \n three - well lattices and four - well lattices could be realised either by using subwavelength lattices @xcite or by...
[ { "content": "the first galaxies are believed to have formed within the first 300 - 400 myr of the universe and great strides have been made towards identifying objects within this era . since the installation of the wide field camera 3 ( wfc3 ) instrument on the hubble space telescope ( hst ) , an increasing n...
[ { "content": "factorization theorems are at the heart of the theory of high - energy inclusive processes involving a large momentum transfer . \n examples include the inclusive production in hadron - hadron collisions of new , heavy particles , such as the higgs boson or the supersymmetric partners of the curre...
[ { "content": "in the supplemental material , we give details for exact diagonalization of hamiltonian ( 1 ) considered in the main text . \n the hamiltonian is given by @xmath88 with @xmath27 . \n under the periodic boundary condition , we can transform the hamiltonian from the real space to the momentum space ...
[ { "content": "glassiness and jamming in grains and colloids entails mechanical solid - like behavior accompanied by divergent relaxation times , apparently without spatial order @xcite . \n a rather simple way to theoretically study such non - equilibrium transitions is by lattice models in which disorder and ...
[ { "content": "the boson @xmath0 discovered @xcite in 2012 by the cms and atlas collaborations was reported to have a mass about 125 gev and some decay modes predicted for the standard model ( sm ) higgs boson . \n since that time , the observed particle , called the higgs boson , has been intensively studied ( ...
[ { "content": "within the nucleon excited states ( @xmath5 ) the @xmath0 resonance , also known as roper , plays a special role . \n contrarily to the @xmath6 and other nucleon excitations , the roper was not identified as a bump in a reaction cross - section but was instead found in the analysis of phase - shif...
[ { "content": "after the advent of d - branes @xcite there has been a renewed interest in the study of supergravity black @xmath8-branes , in particular those preserving a fraction of the original supersymmetry . \n this is due to their identification with the bps saturated non perturbative states of superstrin...
[ { "content": "the introduction of effective chiral lagrangians to account for the basic symmetries of qcd and its application through @xmath6 to the study of meson meson interaction @xcite or meson baryon interaction @xcite has brought new light into these problems and allowed a systematic approach . yet , @xma...
[ { "content": "fig . 1 . : : flow chart of the present procedure for gamow factor and/or coulomb wave function , which includes momentum resolution by generating the gaussian random numbers . fig . 2 . : : results of @xmath64 fit for 8 mkm target of @xmath66 reaction with @xmath31 mev / c by ...
[ { "content": "in quantum field theory , supersymmetry ( susy ) generates transformations between boson and fermion , supplying us with a global framework to describe both kinds of particles using the same supersymmetric multiplet @xcite . \n witten was the first people who considered the simplest supersymmetric...
[ { "content": "the problem of the crossover from superfluidity to superconductivity with charge carrier density or coupling constant changing has a long history @xcite . \n the interest to this phenomena has arisen again after the discovery of high - temperature superconductors ( htscs ) in 1986 @xcite . \n it w...
[ { "content": "in four dimensional @xmath0 theory the period map assigns positive real numbers to 4-regular internally 6-connected graphs @xcite . \n the periods determine the contributions of primitive logarithmically divergent graphs to the beta function of the underlying quantum field theory . \n although per...
[ { "content": "the concept to realize and investigate quantum processes with single ions in paul traps was subject to an impressive development over the last years . \n as for quantum information with single to a few ions , there has hardly been an experimental challenge that could withstand this development , c...
[ { "content": "type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) are thought to be the thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf . \n the light curves of sne ia are powered by deposition in the sn ejecta of the @xmath1-ray and positron products of the @xmath2 decay @xcite . the extreme brightness and seemingly uniform light curves o...
[ { "content": "the neutron lifetime @xmath3 is an important parameter in nuclear physics , particle physics , and cosmology . \n @xmath3 can be combined with the neutron @xmath4-decay ( @xmath5 ) correlation coefficients to determine the universal weak interaction vector and axial - vector coupling constants who...
[ { "content": "models of planar random geometry appear in physics in the context of two - dimensional quantum gravity and provide an interplay between mathematical physics and probability theory . \n causal dynamical triangulation ( cdt ) and its predecessor dynamical triangulation ( dt ) , introduced by ambjrn ...
[ { "content": "the dynamics of a classical inflaton field is commonly assumed to be governed by a local equation of motion of the form @xmath0 where the friction term @xmath1 represents the dissipative mechanism through which inflaton energy is converted into particles . in particular , in ` warm inflation ' sce...
[ { "content": "quasars rank among the most luminous objects in the universe and are believed to be powered by smbhs ( e.g. , @xcite ) . \n they constrain the formation and evolution of galaxies and smbhs throughout cosmic time . \n the similarity between the cosmic star formation history ( e.g. , @xcite ) and th...
[ { "content": "monolayer graphene has attracted great amount of interest due to its novel electronic properties @xcite . \n it has perfect two - dimensional ( 2d ) geometry and a linear band structure near dirac points . since its discovery , \n a substantial body of work has been done on charge transport proper...
[ { "content": "evolutionary dynamics describes the change of populations over time subject to spontaneous mutation , selection , and other random events @xcite . \n different phenotypes in the population can emerge spontaneously by mutation , i.e. through errors during reproduction of wild - types . \n in many ...
[ { "content": ", extremely low error probability has been required in many application areas such as wireless communication systems without feedback and data storage systems . low - density parity - check ( ldpc ) codes@xcite,@xcite have become one of promising error - correcting codes in these areas due to thei...
[ { "content": "the magnetic properties of small transition metal clusters have been of growing interest in the past few years . \n however , there has not been any study about the dependence on temperature so far . as shown in a large variety of papers ( e.g. refs . ) small clusters exhibit , unlike the bulk...