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[ { "content": "the possibility of a fault - tolerant topological quantum computation @xcite based upon topological quasiparticles that obey non - abelian statistics ( non - abelian anyons ) @xcite motivated much recent interest in the new systems that support such quasiparticles . \n the idea behind the topologi...
[ { "content": "spacetimes with more than three spatial dimensions have been attracting interest for long time . \n first proposals go back to kaluza and klein @xcite , in their attempt to unify electromagnetism with einstein gravity by proposing a theory with a compact fifth dimension of a size of the order of t...
[ { "content": "in braneworld scenarios it is assumed that our observable spacetime corresponds to a submanifold of a higher - dimensional ambient space . \n basically this picture comes from the idea that matter and non - gravitational fields might be confined to the ordinary four - dimensional spacetime ( the b...
[ { "content": "there are many well known probabilistic proofs that objects with some properties exist . such a proof estimates the probability for a random object to violate the requirements and shows that it is small ( or at least strictly less than @xmath0 ) \n let us look at a toy example . consider a @xma...
[ { "content": "the schrdinger equation for a combined system of electrons and nuclei enables us to predict most of the chemistry and molecular physics that surrounds us , including biophysical processes of great complexity . \n unfortunately , this task is not possible in general , and approximations need to be ...
[ { "content": "over the last decades , our knowledge of the chemical properties of the universe and , in particular , of galaxies , has improved dramatically . \n observations of the local universe ( e.g. garnett & shields 1987 ; skillman , kennicutt & hodge 1989 ; brodie & huchra 1991 ; zaritsky , kennicutt & h...
[ { "content": "one of the surprises which has emerged from the heavy ion experiments at rhic is that the medium or plasma which is produced in a heavy ion collision appears to display collective behavior analogous to a fluid with a very small viscosity ( the so - called `` quark - gluon liquid '' ) @xcite . in p...
[ { "content": "in search for new fundamental structures in theoretical physics and mechanics the physicists are increasingly turning their attention to algebraic structures which are based on ternary multiplication law ( more generally on @xmath0-ary multiplication law ) . in 1973 \n y. nambu proposed a generali...
[ { "content": "nonlinear optical materials are the active constituent for many applications such as light modulators , contrast agents for medical imaging and therapy , optical solitons , phase conjugation mirrors and optical self - modulation . in each of these , \n the performance of the system is improved by ...
[ { "content": "modern physics , specifically , quantum mechanics ( qm ) and special relativity ( sr ) , have brought three notions into common currency , namely : `` non - locality , '' `` asymmetric aging '' and `` advanced interaction , '' that defy accommodation with classical physics , common sense and , we ...
[ { "content": "the exact renormalization group ( rg ) equation @xcite ( erge ) also called non - perturbative or functional rg equation can not be concretely used without recourse to approximation ( for modern reviews or introductory lectures see , e.g. , @xcite ) . the best known approximation framework for \n ...
[ { "content": "a random graph is a set of nodes that are connected by random links @xcite . \n when the number of links exceeds a certain threshold , a giant component with a finite fraction of all nodes emerges @xcite . \n therefore , random graphs are equivalent to a mean - field percolation process @xcite . \...
[ { "content": "nonequilibrium thermal fluctuations for a small system in contact with heat bath in equilibrium become very large and exhibit interesting properties that are universal over different systems . \n the underlying principle for the universal properties is the fluctuation theorem ( ft ) , which was fi...
[ { "content": "weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) are a promising dark matter candidate as they are generically produced in the early universe with roughly the right density . furthermore supersymmetry ( susy ) provides a well - motivated concrete wimp candidate in the form of the lightest neutralino...
[ { "content": "heavy quark physics offers a unique opportunity to explore the flavour structure of the standard model . \n the third family of quarks is the less known . \n its up - type quark , the top , has not yet been observed , although we are getting more and more stringent limits on its mass from direct s...
[ { "content": "the majority of the mass in the universe is known to consist of dark matter ( dm ) of unknown composition . \n identifying the nature of this dark matter is one of the outstanding problems in physics and astrophysics . \n leading candidates for this dark matter are weakly interacting massive parti...
[ { "content": "the rotation curves of high surface brightness ( hsb ) spiral galaxies rise fairly steeply to reach an extended , approximately flat part , well within the optical disk ( bosma 1978 , 1981a , b ; rubin , ford , & thonnard 1978 , 1980 ) . the discovery that the rotation curves of these galaxies are...
[ { "content": "there are geological evidence that earth had to face multiple episodes of global ( or quasi - global ) glaciation , at the end of the archean 2.45 - 2.22 gyrs ago and during the neoproterozoic era 710 and 650 myears ago @xcite . \n it is widely believed that the carbonate@xmath0silicate cycle @xci...
[ { "content": "with the successful launch of the _ fermi _ gamma - ray space telescope , we have a new opportunity to study the @xmath0-ray emission from different types of extragalactic sources not only blazars , but also radio galaxies and possibly other classes of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) with much im...
[ { "content": "it has long been known that a galaxy s environment has an impact on its morphology : spirals dominate in the field , and ellipticals and s0s dominate in dense cluster environments ( hubble & humason 1931 ) . \n this has been quantified in the density - morphology relation ( oemler 1974 ; dressler ...
[ { "content": "the spectrum of cosmic rays extends more than five orders of magnitude beyond the highest energy at which it has been possible so far to observe the primaries directly with experiments on balloons or spacecraft . in this \n energy range the spectrum has at least two features , the knee between @xm...
[ { "content": "the achievement of producing bose einstein condenstates with ultracold dilute gases of atoms has seen a wealth of theoretical and experimental activity . one enticing prospect of bose - einstein condensates is that they may allow for a better understanding of the interface between classical and q...
[ { "content": "the general model for detection is that the response is triggered by the transfer of an electron from a donor ( d ) to an acceptor ( a ) within the receptor site by the presence of an olfactant molecule that provides a bridge between the two . in the absence of the odorant , \n the distance betwee...
[ { "content": "over the past years , observations and theory have been progressing significantly in understanding how the first large disk galaxies could form . \n near - infrared ( rest - frame optical ) imaging from the hst reveals that , while @xmath140% of z@xmath11 - 3 most massive ( i.e. , @xmath2 ) galaxi...
[ { "content": "unifying quantum mechanics @xcite-@xcite with general relativity @xcite is a major open problem in physics . \n after the unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity has been accomplished @xcite , in the resulting relativistic quantum field theories @xcite - @xcite , spacetime and quan...
[ { "content": "the dynamics of a two - state quantum system resulting from the action of a resonant external pulse of precise temporal area is a classical example in quantum mechanics . \n this simple two - state quantum system has an interesting theoretical extension , from a nondegenerate two - level quantum s...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement is a particularly intriguing phenomenon @xcite . since its conception in the famous epr paper @xcite \n , it has received a great deal of interest . over the years \n both theoretical and experimental research was dedicated to its investigation @xcite . two distinct stra...
[ { "content": "it is a long standing problem how to move particles on the martian surface . \n the most prominent mechanism is wind in analogy to transport of sand on earth . \n numerous work has been carried out on this in the past especially in wind tunnel experiments @xcite . \n recent images of the hirise ca...
[ { "content": "when low- and intermediate mass stars enter the agb phase at the end of their lives , the mass - loss rate exceeds the nuclear burning rate and so dominates the subsequent evolution . in this process , a circumstellar envelope ( cse ) of gas and dust is formed which expands at a rate of about @xma...
[ { "content": "the theory of games provides a general structure within which both cooperation and competition among independent entities may be modeled , and provides powerful tools for analyzing these models . \n applications of this theory have fundamental importance in many areas of science . \n this paper co...
[ { "content": "isolated electron spin systems are of great interest because of their potential application as coherent quantum memory in novel solid state devices@xcite . \n several quantum computation proposals make use of electron spins , either as the qubits themselves or as intrinsic components of one- and t...
[ { "content": "* b72 hereafter ) show that one need an extra @xmath0 relative velocity boost after the plunge in order for the inbound debris to reach the ergosphere negative - energy orbits , to ultimately extract energy from the negative - energy orbits to be carried away by the outbound debris . \n note that ...
[ { "content": "the system of degenerate coupled multi - field kdv equations is given as @xcite-@xcite @xmath6 where @xmath7 and @xmath8 . in @xcite-@xcite , it was shown that this system is also a degenerate kdv system of rank one . in a previous work @xcite we focused on the equation ( [ eqn1 ] ) for @xmath9 . ...
[ { "content": "99 heyman p and garcia - molina h 2006 collaborative creation of communal hierarchical taxonomies in social tagging systems _ technical report infolab 2006 - 10 . \n department of computer science , stanford university , stanford , ca , usa _ \n schmitz c , grahl m , hotho a , stu...
[ { "content": "let @xmath2 be the set of all square matrices of order @xmath3 with entries in @xmath4 and @xmath5 be the group of all invertible matrices of @xmath2 . \n a map @xmath6 is called an affine map if there exist @xmath7 and @xmath8 such that @xmath9 , @xmath10 . \n we denote @xmath11 , we call @xmath1...
[ { "content": "the bulge is one of the major components of the milky way . \n its integrated properties resemble those of giant ellipticals , which in turn are one of the dominant components of the universe . \n however , in contrast to these distant environments , the relative proximity of the galactic bulge al...
[ { "content": "for decades , quantum entanglement has been the focus of much work in the foundations of quantum mechanics , being particularly associated with quantum nonseparability , the violation of bell s inequalities , and the so - called einstein - pololsky - rosen ( epr ) paradox . beyond this fundamental...
[ { "content": "the most fundamental element of physics is the reduction principle . \n the large variety of macroscopic forms of matter can be traced back according to this principle , to a few microscopic constituents which interact by a small number of forces . \n the reduction principle has provided a guide t...
[ { "content": "m emission in blue and the mips-_spitzer _ 24 @xmath2 m emission is shown in green . \n the objects analysed in this work are indicated . the arc feature in n22 and almost the whole interior of g18.149 - 0.283 \n are saturated in 24 @xmath2m.,width=362 ] nowadays it is well known that massive s...
[ { "content": "in nature there are few known processes that allow the production of black holes . \n the best well - known is the gravitational collapse of a massive star or cluster of stars . due to fermionic degeneracy pressure these black holes \n can not have a mass below the oppenheimer - volkoff limiting m...
[ { "content": "photometric redshifts is a term that has received recent , wide - spread visibility and interest , though the use of multicolor photometry to estimate the redshifts of galaxies has a history that is relatively long . as of march 1999 \n , my search of the ads abstracts for the term `` photometric ...
[ { "content": "let us consider the inclusive process of the pion creation in the fragmentation region of polarized proton at high energy proton - proton collisions @xmath2 where @xmath3 is the transversal to beam ( implied by cms ) axes spin of initial proton @xmath4 where @xmath5 is the energy fraction of pion ...
[ { "content": "this note concerns completely - integrable systems of yang - mills - higgs equations , and in particular those which may be viewed as higher - dimensional generalizations of the two - dimensional hitchin equations ( the self - duality equations on a riemann surface ) . \n let us begin by briefly s...
[ { "content": "in models of galaxy formation by hierarchical clustering , the disks of spiral galaxies form by late accretion of gas which cools from an extended reservoir around the galaxy . in these models disks \n are still expected to be growing at the present day . \n such models have been very successful i...
[ { "content": "magnetic materials are essential for modern technology . up to date , \n most used magnetic materials involve elements with partially filled d or f - orbitals , like transitional metals , rare earth metals and their compounds . \n magnetic ordering in these compounds originates from the localizati...
[ { "content": "graphical models , such as factor graphs and normal factor graphs @xcite @xcite , can provide a concise description of the probabilistic assumption of an inference problem and they are indispensable for analyzing message passing inference algorithms such as bp ( belief propagation ) . \n for examp...
[ { "content": "comets are probably the least - altered bodies in the solar system @xcite . as such \n , they can provide key insights into physical and chemical processes occurring during its origin and earliest evolutionary epochs , including the origin of long - period and short period comets @xcite and the fo...
[ { "content": "l dwarfs are a class of objects with spectral types cooler than the latest m dwarfs @xcite . \n their population consists of both substellar ( i.e. brown dwarfs ) and stellar mass objects , with the brown dwarfs being identified by the presence of li absorption at 6708 in their spectra . \n kel...
[ { "content": "a typical plasma consisting of electrons and positive ions essentially causes temporal as well as spatial variations of collective phenomena due to large - mass difference between these particles . \n this asymmetric diversity of collective plasma phenomena can , however , be nullified in pair - i...
[ { "content": "there are two general approaches to the study of the complex effects of galaxy collisions . \n the first is statistical , such as the study of particular properties of a reasonable sample of interacting galaxy systems , or a grid of numerical models covering some range of initial conditions . \n t...
[ { "content": "for almost four decades , since the discovery of quasars , mounting observational evidence has accumulated that black holes indeed exist in nature . \n recent observations ( wilms et al . \n 2001 ) of the steep emissivity of seyfert 1 galaxy mcg6 - 30 - 15 , indicating strong photon emission at ra...
[ { "content": "in random matrix theory , a marchenko - pastur law describes the asymptotic behavior of the spectrum of the so - called wishart matrices @xcite . in free probability , a marchenko - pastur ( or free poisson ) law plays the role that a poisson distribution does in probability theory : it is the li...
[ { "content": "peter hall wrote many influential works on high - dimensional data , though notably he largely eschewed the notions of sparsity and penalised likelihood that have become so popular in recent years . \n nevertheless , he was interested in variable selection , and wrote several papers that involved ...
[ { "content": "any respectable list of desert island card games must include war to pass the time ( the expected length of a game is infinite , after all @xcite ) . \n but to maintain your remembrance of things past , it s hard to beat the game of memory . \n memory is played with a deck of @xmath5 cards . \n t...
[ { "content": "frobenius splittings of algebraic varieties appear prominently in tight closure theory , have emerged as a fundamental tool in the study of the representation theory of algebraic groups , and have tantalizing links to concepts in the minimal model program . \n suppose that @xmath6 is a reduced rin...
[ { "content": "there are some sport tournaments where the ranking of the competitors is based on the results of games played against each other . in the world of sport \n there is no consensus in using a particular ranking method . \n various evaluation methods have been applied to different events taking into a...
[ { "content": "pattern formations in diffusion fields have been studied as a typical nonlinear and nonequilibrium problem.@xcite the dendrite is a typical pattern observed in crystal growth . the tip velocity and the shape near the tip region \n have been intensively studied . \n the growth law of the dendrite i...
[ { "content": "the neutrino telescope @xcite is used to study astrophysical sources by detecting the high - energy neutrinos that these sources may emit . \n the detector is deployed on the seabed at a depth of 2.5 km , and consists of a large three - dimensional array of 900 light - sensitive photo - multip...
[ { "content": "recently pedestrian dynamics has been gaining increasing interest . \n one focus of this research area is the security of people , e.g. , trying to optimize evacuation processes by minimizing evacuation time . to achieve this `` benchmark '' architects and civil engineers need to have an idea abou...
[ { "content": "two - body breakup processes involving nuclei at high momentum and energy transfer play an important role in studies of nuclear qcd . \n the uniqueness of these processes is in the effectiveness by which large values of invariant energy are produced at rather moderate values of beam energy . \n th...
[ { "content": "the bilayer heisenberg antiferromagnet , @xmath4 where the intralayer couplings run over nearest neighbors on square lattices and the @xmath5 are @xmath3 quantum spins , has turned out to be an excellent testing ground for notions of quantum criticality . \n a variety of controlled calculations , ...
[ { "content": "we thank aveek bid , dwarkanath k.s . \n , subroto mukerjee , robert myers , rajaram nityananda , barry sanders , rafael sorkin , radhika vatsan and gregor weihs for useful discussions . \n we thank raymond laflamme and anthony leggett for reading through the draft and helpful comments and discuss...
[ { "content": "it is well known that different types of topological objects may have been formed in the early universe after planck time by the vacuum phase transition @xcite . depending on the topology of the vacuum manifold these are domain walls , strings , monopoles and textures . among them \n the cosmic st...
[ { "content": "intracellular sodium triggers a cell to progress to cell division @xcite . in many biological activities like creation of daughter cells , \n salt enacts a pivotal role . \n it is also a known fact that the two strands of dna carry negative charge due to their phosphate groups ( @xmath0 ) @xcite ....
[ { "content": "from asteroids to nuclei , fragmentation phenomena can be seen everywhere . \n many scientists and engineers have been fascinated by the fragmentation process , and much effort has been made to understand fragmentation @xcite . \n in particular , impact fragmentation of brittle solids has been inv...
[ { "content": "after more than 40 years since the seminal ideas coined by a handful of theoretical pioneers@xcite , our present understanding of the electroweak symmetry breaking ( ewsb ) phenomenon through the higgs ( englert - brout and guralnik - hagen - kibble ) mechanism is still rather incomplete and exper...
[ { "content": "poromechanics couples the mechanical deformation of a porous solid with fluid flow through its internal structure @xcite . in biophysics , \n poromechanics plays an important role in the growth and deformation of cells and tissues ( _ e.g. _ , @xcite ) , and it is the dominant mechanism underlyi...
[ { "content": "one of the most striking impacts of a contact with a superconductor ( s ) onto a small piece of normal metal ( n ) is the modification of the local density of states ( ldos ) . \n this effect , known as the superconducting proximity effect , is related to the induction of superconducting correlati...
[ { "content": "the study of physical phenomena that arise in strongly correlated systems far from equilibrium has become a field of highly active research recently . @xcite for the theoretical description of such systems , greens - function - based approaches starting from the keldysh formalism @xcite have prove...
[ { "content": "we know that nearly all massive stars form in clusters ( see , e.g. de wit , these proceedings ) . \n therefore , if we wish to understand massive star formation in general , we must understand the clustered mode of star formation . \n super star clusters ( sscs ) are the most extreme type of stel...
[ { "content": "the standard model of an active galactic nucleus ( agn ) consists of a supermassive black hole being fed via an accretion disk . \n the model also postulates the presence of a dusty molecular torus surrounding this inner region , and blocking it from view in agns where the line - of - sight interc...
[ { "content": "photoionization of two - electron atoms has been studied theoretically by different authors starting from the pioneering paper by @xcite . \n review of early literature on this subject can be found in ref . \n subsequently , a large number of computations of helium photoionization cross - sections...
[ { "content": "based on density - functional ( df ) theory , we have derived in previous work a set of integral equations , which allows to calculate the ion - ion and the electron - ion correlations in a liquid metal or a plasma , consistent with the bound - electron structure of the ion using only the atomic n...
[ { "content": "the coulomb excitation of nuclei at relativistic energies is commonly calculated in first - order perturbation theory , using the formalism developed in ref . \n the derivation is restricted to distant collision , where the intrinsic radial coordinates are smaller than the minimum distance between...
[ { "content": "the jacobi shape transition , an abrupt change of nuclear shape from an oblate ellipsoid non - collectively rotating around its symmetry axis , to an elongated prolate or triaxial shape , rotating collectively around the shortest axis has been predicted to appear in many nuclei at angular momenta ...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , pierce and tian studied the self - similar solutions of the whitham equations which describe the zero dispersion limits of the kdv hierarchy . the main feature of the whitham equations for the higher members of the hierarchy , of which the kdv equation is the first member , is that the...
[ { "content": "the requirements of laser fusion targets for high power lasers with good laser beam uniformity has driven a quest for new techniques for smoothing the intensity variations on the target surface . \n early attempts at beam smoothing[1 ] were not well characterized but more systematic techniques[2 -...
[ { "content": "solving lattice qcd to high precision requires the use of dynamical ginsparg - wilson light quarks . \n however , this is computationally expensive . therefore , as a starting place , we take improved staggered quark configurations , which have the advantage of light sea quarks , and use an overla...
[ { "content": "the recent results from rhic ( see e.g. @xcite ) have attracted renewed interest in better understanding the dynamics of particle production , not only in nuclear collisions . \n quite different approaches have been used to describe the particle spectra from the nuclear collisions @xcite . the mod...
[ { "content": "when squeezed , the single photon ceases to be a single quantum particle and it becomes a superposition in an infinite - dimensional hilbert space . as such , it gains many useful abilities exploited in the various quantum protocols @xcite , but its description and , consequently , analysis become...
[ { "content": "silicon , one of the most relevant materials from the technological point of view , has excellent electronic properties as a semiconductor . however , in the crystalline form , it does not exhibit good optoelectronic properties because of the indirect gap , in the infrared range , between the vale...
[ { "content": "the minimum - mass solar nebula ( mmsn ) is built by spreading the mass of the planets in concentric annuli then fitting a function to the distribution . \n the original mmsn models produced surface density @xmath5 profiles that scaled with orbital radius @xmath6 as @xmath7 @xcite . \n newer mmsn...
[ { "content": "it has recently become possible to collect large samples of high resolution cloud particle images in real time , opening up the modelling of cloud dynamics to detailed comparison with nature . \n figure 1 shows ice crystal aggregates from a cirrus cloud over the usa , captured by non - contact air...
[ { "content": "eigenfunction and spectral statistics in quantum systems with quenched disorder were a subject of intense study @xcite in the context of mesoscopic fluctuations of conductance and density of states ( dos ) , in particular in quantum dots @xcite . for this application \n the most relevant is the re...
[ { "content": "the ferromagnetic kondo lattice model has been widely used as a minimal model to describe some features of the manganites @xcite la@xmath4sr@xmath5mno@xmath6 , la@xmath4sr@xmath7mno@xmath8 , and la@xmath9sr@xmath10mn@xmath11o@xmath12 . \n the model contains one itinerant @xmath13 orbital and the ...
[ { "content": "recently , there has been a growing interest in the study of complex phenomena appearing in heterogeneous areas different from the traditional fields of research . in particular , \n one of those interesting fields turns to be the application of statistical physics methods to social phenomena . at...
[ { "content": "the subject of gravitational lensing by black holes has received great attention in the last decade , basically due to the strong evidence about the presence of supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies , including ours @xcite . \n the study of black hole gravitational lenses can be simpl...
[ { "content": "a comprehensive understanding of superdeformed ( sd ) bands requires knowledge of the quantum numbers ( spin and parity ) and excitation energies of the levels in the second well . \n in particular , these quantities allow for stringent tests of configuration assignments and , more importantly , ...
[ { "content": "although quantum gases are very dilute systems , most of their properties are governed by atomic interactions . \n this allows to use them , for example , as _ quantum simulators _ to study the many - body physics of systems usually encountered in condensed matter physics @xcite . \n however , in...
[ { "content": "robustness is a key feature in the analysis of complex systems , especially for complex biological systems . \n many organisms have strong adaptability to environmental changes or failures in some of their components , and can live even if some of their genes are mutated . in particular , it is kn...
[ { "content": "systems with asymmetric transport characteristics are also known as ratchets and brownian motors since they can be used to generate dc currents from an ac or noisy voltage . \n this mechanism has important applications in physics and biology @xcite . as specific examples , we mention diodes and ph...
[ { "content": "one of the most attractive properties of bilayer graphene ( which is made of two coupled atomic layers of carbon ) is the ability to induce a tunable spectral gap @xmath2 by applying a perpendicular electric field . \n @xcite rapid advances in patterning graphene on the nanoscale now make it feasi...
[ { "content": "contribution of long - range dispersive van der waals forces to the interaction between two molecules is quite significant . \n these forces play an important role in the description of many physical and chemical phenomena . \n some of these are adhesion , surface tension , physical adsorption @xc...
[ { "content": "due to a predicted high curie temperature ( above 300 k ) , diluted magnetic semiconductors ( dms ) are regarded as important materials for spintronics . \n @xcite combining ferromagnetism with semiconductivity in oxides gives them an additional degree of freedom and functionality for fabricating...
[ { "content": "the study of pair - creation phenomena in the presence of an external field in a heat bath has attracted some attention in the last few years \n . there have been attempts to find out the temperature dependence of the decay rate by various groups ( see for instance references @xcite to @xcite ) . ...
[ { "content": "the atlas and cms collaborations @xcite have narrowed down the allowed range of a light higgs mass to the region 115 - 131 gev . \n in addition there are hints of the higgs mass being near @xmath1gev with sm like decay widths into @xmath2 and @xmath3 . \n a light higgs is favored in supersymmetry ...
[ { "content": "in gauge theories , the coulomb gauge has special position . \n the number of dynamical variables is the same as the number of physical degrees of freedom . moreover , \n if we go to the hamiltonian , phase - space , first - order formalism , there are no ghosts ; and , because of the existence of...
[ { "content": "twin - screw devices are widely applied in various industries , including polymer processing , rubber compounding , food processing , and pharmaceutical development , because a high mixing performance can be achieved by the inter - meshing configuration of twin screws @xcite . in the plastics ind...
[ { "content": "the simple `` closed - box '' model of galaxy evolution @xcite predicts a correlation between the stellar mass and the gas - phase metallicity of a galaxy ( the @xmath0-@xmath1 relation ) . \n such a relation is indeed seen in the nearby universe @xcite . and is found to be in place out to @xmath1...
[ { "content": "* antonio : * you received your degree in economics from `` l. bocconi '' university in milano \n . why did you decide to study economics ? \n * eugenio : * i enrolled in an economics degree essentially because it was the only choice i had . \n having attended a technical high school for accounta...