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[ { "content": "quantum information is an important branch of quantum physics . \n it includes mainly quantum communication and quantum computation @xcite . by far , many interesting quantum systems have been presented for quantum information processing , such as nuclear magnetic resonance @xcite , quantum dots @...
[ { "content": "in our previous paper@xcite , we have provided a more detailed study on a new formulation of hqeft@xcite and applied it to evaluate the weak transition matrix elements between the heavy hadrons containing a single heavy quark . \n consequently , the new formulation of hqeft has exhibited interesti...
[ { "content": "fig . 1 . : : \\(a ) analyses of data for s + pb @xmath45 reaction by eq . \n ( [ eq : ratio ] ) . \n ( b ) the same but with coulomb corrections switched off for @xmath46 limit . \n ( results for @xmath47 pair production looks similar with only change being in the value of @...
[ { "content": "observational evidence @xcite suggests that approximately 70% of the energy density in the universe is in the form of an exotic , negative - pressure component , dubbed dark energy . \n ( for a recent review , see , e.g. , ref . \n the observational bounds on the properties of the dark energy have...
[ { "content": "a breakthrough in our understanding of high - energy nuclear collisions is the recognition @xcite that quantum fluctuations in the wavefunctions of projectile and target , followed by hydrodynamic expansion , result in unique long - range azimuthal correlations between outgoing particles . \n the...
[ { "content": "galactic halos formed from lcdm initial conditions in n - body simulations have approximately 10% of their mass in orbiting sub - halos @xcite . the gravitational stirring and heating of a galactic disk and halo star clusters by dark sub - halos \n is tempered by the large numbers , high random ve...
[ { "content": "assembling a complex quantum optical information processor requires precise knowledge of the properties of each of its components , i.e. , the ability to predict the effect of the components on an arbitrary input state . \n this gives rise to a quantum version of the famous black box problem \n , ...
[ { "content": "following the discovery of topological insulators@xcite , intense theoretical efforts have resulted in a good understanding of topological phases of free fermions , including a complete classification of such phases that are stable to disorder@xcite . in these phases \n the bulk appears , to local...
[ { "content": "although the number of detected @xmath0-ray bursts has increased tremendously due to the batse instrument on board the compton @xmath0-ray observatory @xcite , unique identifications and quick follow - up observations of the celestial object that harbours the burst site are rare . \n this issue ha...
[ { "content": "it has been known since the advent of mathematical optics @xcite that lenses with certain curvature and/or a spatially varying refractive index allow for focussed images . \n indeed , the simplest example of a convergent lens is a curved piece of silica which bends light according to the snell - d...
[ { "content": "in an outreach paper written in the heyday of elemental fermiology , mackintosh remarked that while `` few people would define a metal as a ` solid with a fermi surface ' , this may nevertheless be the most meaningful definition of a metal.''@xcite . in opposition to a metal \n , a semiconductor c...
[ { "content": "we consider the global existence of dynamics of classical electromagnetism for extended rigid charges . \n to put our work into proper perspective we shall introduce a number of theories ml , ml - si , mld , wf , and @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and @xmath2 . \n the former are theories for point - charges ...
[ { "content": "recently , babichev and fabbri @xcite have shown that the massive linearized equation around the schwarzschild black hole in both de rham , gabadadze , and tolley ( drgt ) theory @xcite and its bigravity extension @xcite gives rise to an instability of @xmath0-mode ( spherically symmetric mode ...
[ { "content": "the 1-band hubbard model on a two - dimensional square lattice has the hamiltonian @xmath2 here , @xmath3 ( @xmath4 ) creates ( annihilates ) an electron with spin @xmath5 in a wannier orbital centered at lattice site @xmath6 . \n the particle density at each site is given by @xmath7 . \n the firs...
[ { "content": "over the years it has been found that there exist many two - dimensional classical spin models , discrete and continuous alike , whose ground - state manifolds are macroscopically degenerate and , more interestingly , also exhibit critical behaviours , i.e. , spin - spin correlation functions with...
[ { "content": "of all the iron - based superconductors @xcite , alkali iron selenides @xmath6fe@xmath1se@xmath2 ( @xmath7 k , rb , cs , tl ) @xcite are unique in that superconductivity in this class of materials always coexists with a static long - range antiferromagnetic ( af ) order with a large moment and hig...
[ { "content": "during last few years many exciting experimental results and theory development are obtained in sidis on the transversely polarized target . up to now \n only the measurements @xcite of sivers and collins asymmetries were performed by hermes and compass collaborations and together with data from ...
[ { "content": "hawking radiation is the remarkable property of black hole : it occurs due to creation of a particle - antiparticle pair nearby the black hole edge @xcite . \n if one of the pair constituents crosses the event horizon , it never returns , thus giving rise to the emission from the black hole , whic...
[ { "content": "it is believed that in spite of the recent potential importance of magnetic monopoles@xcite,@xcite,@xcite and dyons @xcite towards the quark confinement problem @xcite of quantum choromodynamics , possible magnetic condensation of vacuum @xcite , cp - violation @xcite , their role as catalyst in p...
[ { "content": "networks have attracted considerable recent attention in physics and other fields as a foundation for the mathematical representation of a variety of complex systems , including biological and social systems , the internet , the worldwide web , and many others @xcite . \n a common feature of many...
[ { "content": "it has been studied years ago that the supersymmetric generalizations of the bosonic cp(n-1 ) sigma model is automatically an @xmath2 supersymmetric theory by the virtue of that the target space cp(n-1 ) is a khler manifold @xcite . \n recently edalati and tong suggested and built an @xmath3 cp(n-...
[ { "content": "this work was supported in part by doe grant de - fg02 - 91er-40690 . \n j. d. bekenstein , phys . \n d * 7 * , 2333 ( 1973 ) . j. d. bekenstein , lett . \n nuovo cim . * 11 * , 467 ( 1974 ) . c. rovelli and l. smolin , nucl . \n b * 442 * , 593 ( 1995 ) [ erratum - ibid . \n b * 456 * , 7...
[ { "content": "the ability of polymers to considerably change the large - scale statistics of the advecting flow has important practical applications , drag reduction being one of the most relevant ones ( see * ? ? ? \n polymers affect the dynamics of the advecting velocity field only if they are highly elongate...
[ { "content": "immiscible fluids and non - porous solids occur abundantly in both nature and industry . \n the location at which two such fluids and a solid meet is termed a contact line , and the modelling of moving contact lines is consequently of central importance to the understanding of problems as diverse ...
[ { "content": "the properties of 4u0142 + 61 ( white et al . \n 1987 ) remained puzzling for a long time , owing to confusion with a nearby pulsating and transient be / neutron star system rxj0146.9 + 6121 ( motch et al . 1991 ; mereghetti et al . 1993 ) . \n the 110 kev spectrum is extremely soft ( power law ...
[ { "content": "chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) has been a very useful approach to the theory of the low momentum processes involving mesons and baryons , and has been used in various attempts to explain the baryon magnetic moments . \n all the moments in the baryon octet except that of the @xmath2 have been ...
[ { "content": "globular clusters have dynamical properties that distinguish them from other stellar systems and allow one to test dynamical models . \n they can be very long - lived , with typical ages for galactic globular clusters of 7 - 13 gyr @xcite , yet they are dynamically active in that their dynamical r...
[ { "content": "although the presence of dark matter and dark energy is justified by all cosmological observations , their identification and properties are still far from being established . \n the measurements of the fluctuations of the cmb are in this respect escpecially valuable because of the wealth and accu...
[ { "content": "galaxy imaging with the _ hubble space telescope _ ( _ hst _ ) has revealed a population of compact , young star clusters in a variety of starburst environments ( holtzman et al . \n 1992 ; benedict et al . 1993 ; whitmore et al . 1993 ; conti & vacca 1994 ; hunter , oconnell , & gallagher 1994 ;...
[ { "content": "null dust represents the high frequency ( geometrical optics ) approximation to the unidirectional radial flow of unpolarized radiation . \n this is a reasonable approximation whenever the wavelength of the radiation is negligible compared to the curvature radius of the background . \n various exa...
[ { "content": "the fano line shapes @xcite have played an important role in our understanding of the photoelectron spectra @xcite in atomic physics and more recently in the field of plasmonics @xcite . in atomic systems \n the interference minimum in the fano line shape has been extensively used in extracting...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 be a hyperbolic knot and @xmath2 a conway sphere . \n namely @xmath3 intersects transversally @xmath4 in four points . \n we write @xmath5 to denote any of the three involutions in figure [ fig : involutions ] , for @xmath6 . \n the knot @xmath7 obtained by cutting along @xmath3 and g...
[ { "content": "when a pure state , represented by a density matrix @xmath2 , is transmitted along a noisy channel , it is mapped into a mixed state @xmath3 . \n the entropy of the initial pure state is necessarily zero , i.e. , @xmath4 since @xmath5 and so the only eigenvalues of @xmath2 are @xmath6 and @xmath7 ...
[ { "content": "many gregarious vertebrates are fusion - fission species , with frequent changes in size and composition of groups . in addition , the habitat they live in is generally heterogeneous , such that individuals alone or in groups may have to move among more or less distant areas in order to fulfil the...
[ { "content": "the so - called _ adiabatic piston _ is a long known problem in classical thermodynamics , which can be stated as follows @xcite . \n an isolated cylinder of length @xmath0 , containing a gas , is divided by an adiabatic wall ( no internal degrees of freedom ) , _ the piston _ , into two compartm...
[ { "content": "it has been widely speculated that the energy that heats the corona comes from the convective flows in the photosphere . \n the energy is somehow transported into the coronal part through the magnetic field . \n it is natural to think that alfvn waves channel the energy to the corona . \n indeed ,...
[ { "content": "cortical activity manifests highly complex behaviors which is often strongly characterized by the presence of noise . \n reliable responses to specific stimuli often arise at the level of population assemblies ( cortical areas or cortical columns ) featuring a very large number of neuronal cells p...
[ { "content": "paper studies time - slotted communications over networks consisting of nodes and directed edges that connect the nodes , and the networks may contain cycles . each edge receives a symbol from a node and outputs a symbol to a node in each time slot , where the duration of a time slot is set to be ...
[ { "content": "using lichtenbaum s weight - two motivic complex @xmath2 ( a two - term complex derived from relative k - theory ) , m. spiess @xcite constructed a complex of tale sheaves @xmath3 ( definition [ definition : spiesscomplex ] ) on arithmetic surfaces @xmath4 over a dedekind domain @xmath5 and used i...
[ { "content": "one of the techniques to register ultra - high energy extensive air showers ( eas ) is measuring strength of radio pulse by antennas . unlike traditional techniques , including optic measurements of air shower propagation radio technique can operate in any atmospheric condition except during thund...
[ { "content": "charge symmetry is a special case of the general flavour symmetry of qcd , which at its simplest distinguishes the proton and the neutron ( or @xmath6 and @xmath7 quarks ) . \n it is , of course , trivially broken by the electromagnetic interaction , notably the coulomb force in comparisons of the...
[ { "content": "little has changed in our understanding of star formation in cooling flows since the the topic was last reviewed at the meeting on cooling flows at haifa in 1996 . \n however , the nature of the so - called `` cooling flow problem '' has changed dramatically since then . \n this controversial prob...
[ { "content": "commutation relations of ( generalized ) pauli operators provide a skeleton for mutually unbiased bases , quantum entanglement and other conceptual ( or practical ) issues like quantum computing @xcite . \n recently , an extensive study of commuting / non commuting rules has been undertaken , firs...
[ { "content": "usually deterministic and stochastic analysis are not considered compatible . on one hand \n we are often limited to statistical analysis when dealing with experimental time series . on the other hand \n a purely stochastic approach to data analysis may lead to an erroneous interpretation about th...
[ { "content": "as the most luminous persistent sources in the universe , active galactic nuclei ( agns ) , which are powered by the mass accretion of super - massive black holes ( smbhs ) , are widely believed to play important roles in the formation and evolution of typical massive galaxies ( for a recent revie...
[ { "content": "electronic devices have been reduced more and more in size over the last decades . \n furthermore it is now possible to place atoms or molecules accurately between macroscopic electrodes , hence experimental studies of the electronic transport for single atoms @xcite , molecules @xcite , and nanow...
[ { "content": "for decades , only about a dozen dwarf galaxies were known to orbit the milky way . \n the majority of these systems corresponded to dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) galaxies , the least luminous , but , by number , the dominant galaxy type in the present - day universe . \n however , over the last five ...
[ { "content": "random walks have been studied in abstract settings such as integer lattices @xmath7 or riemannian manifolds ( @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ) . in applied settings \n there are many spatially explicit individual - based models ( ibms ) in which the behavior of the system is determined by the meeting o...
[ { "content": "i - v characteristics of the high t@xmath0 superconductor bi@xmath1sr@xmath1ca@xmath2c@xmath1o@xmath3 ( bscco ) shows a strong hysteresis , producing multi - branches @xcite . \n many experiments have been reported to investigate properties of hysteresis branches @xcite , and it has turned out tha...
[ { "content": "magnetars are neutron stars with super - strong magnetic fields . \n the typical magnetic strength of magnetars is of the order of @xmath6 , which is higher than the critical magnetic field @xmath7 , and is @xmath8 times stronger than that of normal pulsars . \n historically , they were discovered...
[ { "content": "since the seminal work of gppert - mayer @xcite , two - photon decay rates of excited states in hydrogen - like atoms and ions have been the subject of intense experimental @xcite and theoretical @xcite studies . for many years , the investigations have dealt not only with the total decay rates bu...
[ { "content": "neural collective oscillations have been observed in very many context in brain circuits , ranging from ubiquitous @xmath1 oscillations to @xmath3 rhythm in the hippocampus . \n the origin of these oscillations is commonly associated with the balance between excitation and inhibition in the networ...
[ { "content": "the dirac oscillator @xcite has attracted considerable attention both due to its simple formulation and its analytical solutions . yet \n we may ask , if we can go beyond the single particle problem and conserve some of that elegance and simplicity . a plausible scenario in particle physics \n is ...
[ { "content": "laminar flow is the case of a flow that persists in a stationary fashion at each point . \n such flow is either static or found in the case of uniformly driven boundary conditions or external forces . \n the well - definedness of the term is a bit in doubt in the case of time varying boundaries . ...
[ { "content": "stochastically nanostructured materials exhibit optical , electronic , and thermal properties which can differ drastically from those of ordered nanostructures and of homogeneous samples of the same material . in nanostructured aggregates , \n a combination of strong broadband optical absorption a...
[ { "content": "in recent years , kaluza - klein black hole solutions have been studied by many authors in the context of string theory . \n since kaluza - klein black hole solutions have compactified extra dimensions , the space - time effectively behaves as four - dimensions at the infinity . \n the first kaluz...
[ { "content": "from the simple pendulum to more complex oscillators , the unavoidable coupling with the environment generates dissipation . \n even if the loss of energy is balanced by a permanent input , the hamiltonian structure is lost . \n the description of open systems , i.e. when the coupling with the env...
[ { "content": "much has been discussed about the observed spectral x - ray properties of black hole candidates ( bhcs ) and numerous models that have been developed to account for these properties , during this workshop and in the literature . however , the spectral properties are only part of what we can learn ...
[ { "content": "in recent years the cooperative interaction of @xmath0 two level radiators with cavity electromagnetic field ( emf ) was in the attention of many experimental and theoretical researches @xcite . \n this it is connected with the big application of two - level system as a q - bit in quantum processi...
[ { "content": "brown dwarfs substellar objects with masses below the hydrogen burning limit of 0.08@xmath1 are ideal to test the mass dependence of critical parameters in stellar evolution . \n one example for such a parameter is the lifetime of circumstellar disks , which is an important constraint for the co...
[ { "content": "the current observed neutrino mixing @xcite suggests around the maximal 2 - 3 mixing angle and zero 1 - 3 mixing angle : @xmath1 , @xmath2 . \n in such a symmetric limit where both @xmath3 and @xmath4 vanish , the resulting @xmath5 effective majorana neutrino mass matrix forms in the flavor basis ...
[ { "content": "a small number of close binary stars are thought to dominate the dynamic evolution of many globular star clusters ( hut et al . \n 1992 , bailyn 1995 ) , yet classes of such objects which are relatively easily found in the field have proven frustratingly difficult to discover in clusters . \n a pr...
[ { "content": "the investigation on how purely self gravitating matter evolves on long time scales has played and still plays a central role in cosmology , in astrophysics and in statistical mechanics . from the statistical point of view , the main obstacle towards the establishment of a general picture is the ...
[ { "content": "the galaxy luminosity function ( glf hereafter ) is a powerful cosmological tool ( see e.g. the review by binggeli , sandage @xmath3 tammann 1988 ) . it is a good indicator of the formation history of both galaxies and clusters of galaxies , and is also directly related to the mass distribution fu...
[ { "content": "the ability to control individual spins in semiconductors nanostructures is an important issue for spintronics and quantum information processing . \n the control of single spins in solids is a key but challenging step for any spin - based solid - state quantum - computing device @xcite . \n thank...
[ { "content": "motivated by works on lifshitz scaling in condensed matter physics , it is possible to take different lifshitz scaling for space and time , and the resultant theory is called horava - lifshitz gravity @xcite . in the ir limit \n this gravity reduces to general relativity , and so it can be conside...
[ { "content": "one requirement for measuring the hubble constant using sne ia as standard candles is a sample of well - measured distant supernovae . \n they should be distant enough that their measured redshifts are dominated by the hubble flow , but not so distant that the still - uncertain dynamics associated...
[ { "content": "let us consider a system consisting of a waveguide connecting 2 ports as illustrated in fig . \n a resonator supporting a mode with frequency @xmath21 is coupled to this waveguide at @xmath19 independent coupling points , such that each coupler is spatially separated on the waveguide by an identic...
[ { "content": "parallel linear algebra algorithms have been developed for many hardware architectures with the aim of accelerating routine calculations @xcite . in this paper \n we report on our experiences with parallel calculation of determinants of large nearly singular matrices with very high accuracy . \n t...
[ { "content": "the spectra of hot stars show often excess emission at ir and radio wavelengths that can be ascribed to free - free and free - bound ( ff - fb ) emission from their wind zones ( see e.g. panagia & felli @xcite ) . \n waters & lamers ( @xcite ) have investigated this excess emission for @xmath4 m a...
[ { "content": "is a novel transient radio source @xcite , whose notable properties have included `` bursts '' with approximately 1 jy peak flux density lasting approximately 10 min . \n each and occurring at apparently regular 77 min.intervals . \n we first identified from archival 330 mhz ( 90 cm ) observ...
[ { "content": "the human eye is distinguished from commercially available electronic cameras by virtue of having much better resolution in the fovea near the optical axis . \n the eccentricity of the retina , which produces a large field of view and high acuity at the fovea , causes the human visual system to ha...
[ { "content": "quantum phase transitions ( qpts ) and related collective quantum phases represent one of the most exciting research topics in condensed matter physics @xcite . \n contrary to thermal phase transitions , qpts occur at zero temperature upon tuning a parameter of the system hamiltonian . \n the emer...
[ { "content": "many solar filaments ( or prominences when they are observed above the solar limb ) end their life with a sudden rapid rise called an eruption . \n sometimes a filament rises like an enlarging loop lying in a plane containing filament endpoints anchored in the chromosphere and the centre of the su...
[ { "content": "the fundamental interactions of quarks and gluons , especially these with large momentum transfer , studied in lepton - hadron and hadron - hadron collisions , are successfully described by quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) . \n a challenge for this theory is the description of larger and more comple...
[ { "content": "bosonization analyses@xcite together with finite size numerical work using the dmrg@xcite and other methods@xcite have given a clear understanding of the behavior of the 2-leg hubbard and @xmath0 ladder models . \n the hubbard hamiltonian is written : @xmath3 here @xmath4 destroys an electron on r...
[ { "content": "the morse potential has raised a great deal of interest over the years and has been one of the most useful models to describe the interaction between two atoms in a diatomic molecule . \n it is known that the radial schrdinger equation for this potential can be solved exactly when the orbital angu...
[ { "content": "lattice gauge field theory brings the representation theory of an underlying manifold and its quantum invariants into the same setting . \n consider the case of a cylinder over a compact , oriented surface with boundary . \n a lattice model of the surface determines an algebra of gauge invariant f...
[ { "content": "the phenomena of synchronization of several dynamical variables or oscillators is important for many physical and biological systems @xcite . \n some important physical systems showing synchronization are arrays of lasers @xcite , microwave oscillators and superconducting josephson junctions @xcit...
[ { "content": "experimental realization of trapped bose - einstein condensates ( bec ) in alkali metal atoms has triggered immense interest in understanding the various properties of ultra cold matter @xcite . \n these include four wave mixing , formation of vortices , bright solitons , dark solitons , gap solit...
[ { "content": "networks in particular large networks with many nodes and links are attracting widespread attention . \n the classic reviews @xcite with their primary focus on structural properties have been followed up by more recent ones addressing the role of dynamics , such as spreading and synchronisation ...
[ { "content": "in the past @xmath015 yr the study of cooling neutron stars in transiently accreting x - ray binaries has emerged as a new approach to understanding the structure of neutron stars . \n @xcite discussed how the neutron - star crust in transiently accreting systems could be driven out of thermal equ...
[ { "content": "the investigation of the formation and the stationary properties of random structures has been an exciting topic in statistical physics for many years . \n since it provides an intuitively appealing and transparent model of the irregular geometry emerging in disordered systems , _ percolation _ ha...
[ { "content": "a wire made of the normal metal is called mesoscopic if the wire length ( @xmath7 ) is smaller than the electron coherence length @xcite . \n it is called quasi - one - dimensional ( q1d ) , if @xmath7 is much larger than the width ( @xmath8 ) and thickness ( @xmath9 ) of the wire @xcite . \n fabr...
[ { "content": "flares are the energetic explosions in the stellar atmosphere and are thought to occur by intense releases of magnetic energy stored around starspots , like solar flares ( e.g. , @xcite ) . \n the total energy released in the largest solar flares is estimated to be of the order of @xmath3 erg ( e....
[ { "content": "atomic qubits encoded in hyperfine ground states are one of several approaches being developed for quantum computing experiments@xcite . \n single qubit rotations can be performed with microwave radiation or two - frequency laser light driving stimulated raman transitions . \n the microwave approa...
[ { "content": "despite of the increasing success of qcd in describing a large variety of phenomena , both in the perturbative as well as in the non - perturbative regimes , some fundamental questions remain unsolved . \n prominent examples are the very nature and detailed properties of the strongly coupled quark...
[ { "content": "the possibility of manipulating magnetization by spin - currents in a very efficient way is a key requirement for the design of novel spintronic devices @xcite , which promise to change the way digital information is processed and stored . in particular , \n the advantageous scaling of current - i...
[ { "content": "although the nature is still not fully understood at present , active galactic nuclei ( agns ) are widely believed to co - evolve with their host galaxies ( see kormendy & ho 2013 for a recent review ) . \n the concept of co - evolution mainly stems from two observational facts : 1 ) the tight cor...
[ { "content": "globular clusters are densely packed , gravitationally bound systems of several thousands to about one million stars . \n the dimensions of the globular clusters are small compared to their distance from us : half of the light is generally emitted within a radius of less than 10 pc , whereas the ...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a prime number , @xmath1 its power . \n let @xmath2 be a natural number prime to @xmath0 . \n we consider the family of curves over @xmath3 defined by an equation of the form [ as]y^p - y = f(x)=a_dx^d+ ... +a_1xwith @xmath4 and @xmath5 for all @xmath6 divisible by @xmath0 ( every c...
[ { "content": "recent experiments have demonstrated an impressive level of control over micro- and nanomechanical oscillators . \n one key achievement is the engineering of mechanical modes with extremely low dissipation , providing remarkable isolation from the environment @xcite . \n a second cornerstone is th...
[ { "content": "although the classical random walk problem is rather well understood by now @xcite , some of its modifications , related , for example , to disordered systems , are less clear @xcite . \n departure from the classical random walk manifests often as an anomalous diffusion that appears whenever the...
[ { "content": "natural processes proceed simultaneously on many different scales interacting with each other . \n this is especially important in astrophysics , where an astronomical observation or a hypothesized system can only be understood by modeling processes on scales spanning many orders of magnitude . \n...
[ { "content": "the field of heavy ion collisions is a very active one , straddling high energy and nuclear physics . at the upper energy limit of this flourishing area of research \n , the goal is to eventually produce and study a new state of matter in the laboratory : the quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) . \n that...
[ { "content": "electromagnetic radiation represents penetrating probes mapping out the full space - time history of strongly interacting matter in the course of heavy - ion collisions . \n particularly interesting is the stage of maximum temperature , where a quark - gluon plasma might be formed . \n various pro...
[ { "content": "in many open quantum systems , the coupling between the system and the bath can be considered as a small parameter . in this case \n the application of second order perturbation leads to a master equation of redfield or lindblad type @xcite . \n their numerical implementation is straightforward a...
[ { "content": "the notion of a projective quantum measurement was introduced by von neumann@xcite in his treatise on the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics . \n the idea is the following : ( i ) every quantum measurement yielding the data `` yes '' or `` no '' to an experimental question is described ...
[ { "content": "suppose that @xmath3 and @xmath4 are ( continuous ) distribution functions of two default times . \n it is well known from coupling theory ( see @xcite ) that there exists a maximal coupling , i.e. a two - dimensional distribution function @xmath8 with marginals @xmath3 and @xmath4 such that for t...
[ { "content": "supergiant fast x ray transients ( hereafter sfxts ; smith et al . \n 2006a ) are a new class of hard x ray sources mostly discovered by the @xmath2 satellite ( negueruela et al . \n 2005a , sguera et al . 2005 ) . \n they are transient sources which seem to emit x \n rays only during `` short '...