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[ { "content": "neutrinos were first proposed in 1930 by wolfgang pauli to explain , among other problems , the missing energy in nuclear beta decay . towards the end of that decade , \n the role of nuclear reactions as an energy source for stars was recognized and the hydrogen fusion chains were discovered by be...
[ { "content": "since early human history , centralization has been a major competitive advantage . \n societies with centralized governance were able to develop more advanced technology , accumulate more resources and increase their population faster @xcite . \n as societies evolved , the negative effects of cen...
[ { "content": "the resonance transitions of the most abundant species in the universe as well as the electronic transitions of the most abundant molecules are in the ultraviolet ( uv ) range of the spectrum . hence , access to the uv range is instrumental for progress in astrophysics @xcite . \n the world space ...
[ { "content": "in order to test the theory of strong interactions ( qcd ) it has long been common practice to confront experimental data with perturbative predictions and then extract fundamental parameters such as the strong coupling @xmath2 . a consistent extraction of @xmath2 from different experiments and di...
[ { "content": "the `` pitch - drop - experiment '' @xcite , which received the ig - nobel price in physics 2005 , has brought to the attention that a fast process like drop formation @xcite can be retarded considerably if instead of a standard liquid like water it has a viscosity of @xmath0 at @xmath1c a mater...
[ { "content": "suppose @xmath0 is a commutative @xmath2-algebra , in the sense of @xcite , and @xmath3 is a commutative @xmath0-algebra . \n we want to capture the properties and underlying structure of the homotopy groups @xmath4 of @xmath3 , by studying operations associated to the cohomology theory that @xmat...
[ { "content": "x- and gamma - ray emission lines are valuable signatures of various high - energy processes at work in the universe , including heating of astrophysical gas to very high temperatures , particle acceleration and nucleosynthesis . \n perhaps the most important realization of pioneering high - energ...
[ { "content": "very recently , the icecube collaboration announced their observation of two events which could potentially represent the first detection of high - energy astrophysical neutrinos @xcite . \n the analysis under consideration was designed to search for very high - energy ( @xmath2 pev ) and high - ...
[ { "content": "quantum mechanics can not be described by local hidden - variable ( lhv ) theories . \n this is the conclusion of bell s seminal work , in which he derived a strict limit to the strength of correlations achievable by all lhv models that is violated by quantum predictions @xcite . \n bell s origina...
[ { "content": "the remarkable discovery by egret on - board _ cgro _ that blazars ( i.e. bl lacertae objects and flat - spectrum radio quasars ) are strong @xmath7-ray emitters has drawn in recent years the attention of the astronomical community to this class of objects . \n observations indicate that the overa...
[ { "content": "quantum game theory @xcite is a new field of science having its roots in both game theory and quantum information theory . for about a decade \n quantum computer scientists have been searching for new methods of quantum algorithm design . \n thorough investigation of different quantum games may b...
[ { "content": "suppose that a system is placed at a certain metastable state surrounded by local potential minimum , the system would be unstable to decay to a global minimum assisted by either quantum or thermal fluctuations . \n such processes are called false - vacuum decay and metastability relaxation , and ...
[ { "content": "the quest for the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) @xcite , the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay ( @xmath2 ) @xcite or other experiments involving very low rate processes ( the so - called rare event searches ) impose very c...
[ { "content": "in this section , we give explicit expressions for the _ \n su_(4 ) superoperators for @xmath0 two - level atoms in terms of the pauli spin - operators . following hartmann @xcite , 18 superoperators @xmath15 , @xmath16 and @xmath17 are defined , where @xmath18 , @xmath109 although this list , e...
[ { "content": "the network ( or graph ) is a useful way of expressing and investigating quantitatively the characteristics of complex systems in various disciplines . \n it consists of a set of vertices representing entities , and edges associated with connections between vertices @xcite . \n numerous complex s...
[ { "content": "brane - world scenarios introduced by arkani - hamed , dimopoulos and dvali add and randall and sundrum ( rs ) @xcite are motivated by string theory , where open strings end on branes . in the generalized rs scenario our 4-dimensional friedmann - lematre - robertson - walker ( flrw ) universe is a...
[ { "content": "recent calculations in quenched qcd at light valence quark mass have been refined to sufficient accuracy to allow detailed comparison with the predictions of quenched chiral perturbation theory @xcite . \n the identification of quenched chiral loop effects in lattice data serves several purposes ....
[ { "content": "the @xmath75 tridiagonal matrix @xmath71 has the following non - zero matrix elements : @xmath83 , @xmath73 for @xmath84 . \n @xmath74 is tunable and @xmath85 is fixed . \n the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of @xmath71 have the following properties . \n + let @xmath86 be all the eigenvalues of...
[ { "content": "heavy fermion ( hf ) compounds with elements from the lanthanide or actinide series share some rather general features in the fermi liquid phase , namely a strong enhancement of the effective carrier mass and a similarly enhanced pauli susceptibility with a wilson ratio typically of the order , bu...
[ { "content": "particles moving in a viscous fluid induce a local flow field that affects other particles . these long - range , many - body interactions , mediated by the solvent are commonly called hydrodynamic interactions ( hi ) . the presence of hi \n is known to affect the dynamic properties of soft matter...
[ { "content": "flavor changing neutral current ( fcnc ) @xmath7 transitions are forbidden in the standard model ( sm ) at tree level that occur at loop level , and therefore provide consistency check of the sm at quantum level . \n these decays induced by the fcnc are also very sensitive to the new physics beyo...
[ { "content": "l1527 irs is a class 0 protostar , at a distance of @xmath1140 pc , in its earliest stages of formation . \n it has a mass of @xmath10.2 solar masses and is surrounded by a flared rotating envelope of about one solar mass , as recently reported by @xcite who observed it in the continuum ( at 1.3 a...
[ { "content": "since the world health assembly announced the intention to eradicate polio worldwide in 1988 , all countries except pakistan , afghanistan , and nigeria have [ line - through]*certified elimination*interrupted indigenous transmission of all three wild poliovirus ( wpv ) serotypes at least once @xc...
[ { "content": "the equation of motion for a supernova remnant ( snr ) can be modeled by a single law of motion or multiple laws of motion when the appropriate boundary conditions are provided . \n examples of a single law of motion are : the sedov expansion in the presence of a circumstellar medium ( csm ) with ...
[ { "content": "this paper is sub - divided in four sections : we give a brief overview of the gaia satellite and introduce the data processing and analysis consortium ( dpac ) . \n following on from this we describe the overall system architecture for gaia processing and finally take a more detailed look at the ...
[ { "content": "the atlas detector at the lhc @xcite , shown in fig . \n [ atlas ] , was designed primarily for precise measurements in the highest - energy proton - proton collisions , particularly to discover new high - mass particle states . \n however , it is also a very capable detector for the measurement ...
[ { "content": "with the start of data taking at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) , particle physics will , for the first time , directly probe the tera scale , i.e. the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking according to the standard model ( sm ) , around @xmath2 . while the sm has been confirmed experimen...
[ { "content": "a quantum state can not be squeezed down to a point in phase space . \n but there are quantum states that closely approximate classical states , such as the coherent states of a harmonic oscillator \n . one characterization of the coherent states is based on the wigner function : they are the only...
[ { "content": "the unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions in 1968 @xcite , the discoveries of the neutral currents in 1973 @xcite , of the charm quark in 1974 @xcite , of the and bosons in 1983 @xcite were very successful steps for the theory of the electroweak ( ew ) interactions , the s...
[ { "content": "the basic motivation behind a quantum cosmological model is two - fold . \n one is the fact that when the linear dimension of the universe reaches the planck scale ( @xmath0 cm ) , the universe is indeed governed by a quantum picture . \n the second is the hope that a quantum description might be ...
[ { "content": "engines are machines that convert some form of energy ( e.g. , thermal or electrical energy ) into work . \n their efficiency , defined as the ratio of the extracted work to the invested energy , is restricted to @xmath0 at most by the energy - conservation law . \n while mechanical engines may re...
[ { "content": "through their specific properties , transition metal borides became attractive both from scientific and technical point of view . \n for instance , yb@xmath1 , like some other rare - earth and actinide hexaborides , shows superconductivity below 7.1 k @xcite and has been considered as a possible...
[ { "content": "electron energy loss spectroscopy ( eels ) in the transmission electron microscope ( tem ) is a well - established experimental technique to study the electronic structure of materials . \n @xcite energy loss is directly linked to the imaginary part of the inverse dielectric function , and therefo...
[ { "content": "a cellular automaton ( ca ) is a discrete dynamical system consisting of a regular array of cells@xcite . \n each cell takes only a finite number of states and is updated in discrete time steps . \n although the updating rules are simple , cas often exhibit very complicated time evolution patterns...
[ { "content": "magnetic fields are a major agent in the ism and also control the density and propagation of cosmic rays . \n the radio infrared correlation indicates that turbulent fields are strongest in star - forming regions . \n magnetic fields and cosmic rays can provide the pressure to drive galactic outf...
[ { "content": "proteins do not appear to fold by means of a unique mechanism and over the years several phenomenological models have been proposed for protein folding @xcite . \n the framework model , for example , is based on the idea that the formation of the hydrogen - bonded secondary structural elements pr...
[ { "content": "recent observations are just beginning to reveal the epoch of cosmological reionization , which defines a fundamental transition in the universe , separating the cosmic dark ages ( e.g. rees 1997 ) from the epoch of galaxy formation and evolution . \n the appearance of a gunn - peterson trough ( g...
[ { "content": "the set of exceptional slopes on a boundary component of a cusped hyperbolic manifold has generated a lot of interest in the literature ; there are many restrictions on the set of exceptional slopes on a boundary component of a hyperbolic 3-manifold @xmath1 and its corresponding fillings , for exa...
[ { "content": "dwarf galaxies in the local group ( lg ) are among the most well - studied galaxies in the universe . \n detailed determinations of their kinematics , metallicities , and stellar contents serve as a basis for much of what we understand about the formation and evolution of both individual and group...
[ { "content": "lvy flights describe a class of random walks whose step lengths follow a power - law tailed distribution @xcite . in a lvy flight , the probability @xmath0 that the walker performs a jump of length @xmath1 is given by @xmath2 with @xmath3 . \n lvy flights have been proven to be the best str...
[ { "content": "motivated by numerical observations by alexander , yorke , you and kan @xcite and sommerer and ott @xcite , the term _ intermingled basins _ was introduced to the mathematics literature by kan in @xcite : `` [ ] any open set which intersects one basin in a set of positive measure also intersects ...
[ { "content": "understanding the formation history of stellar halos is one of the classical pursuits of galactic astronomy . \n the problem is generally framed within the context of two competing scenarios : one of `` rapid collapse '' ( eggen , lynden bell & sandage 1962 ) , in which the stellar halo is formed...
[ { "content": "novel magnetic and magneto - optic phenomena , of interest for optoelectronic applications , have been found in the rare earth ( r ) metaphosphate glasses ( remg ) with compositions in the vicinity ( r@xmath30@xmath4)@xmath5(p@xmath30@xmath6)@xmath7 . for example , these paramagnetic materials exh...
[ { "content": "open quantum systems attract attention in both theoretical @xcite and experimental @xcite research . \n the theoretical investigation of open quantum systems uses a great variety of different tools @xcite . \n typically , these methods allow the determination of a reduced density matrix @xcite or ...
[ { "content": "the fatigue notion was founded on the concept of degraded or tired material and linked to the observation of material damage subjected to cyclic loading , which never reaches a level sufficient to cause failure in a single application ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite and schu ) . \n it is a...
[ { "content": "the study of granular systems has attracted much interest in the last years . \n the practical importance of these systems , which are present in many situations in daily life , together with the richness and complexity of their behavior@xcite , have motivated many researches trying to describe an...
[ { "content": "the tremendous progress in the field of quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) with solid - state superconducting circuits @xcite has recently triggered massive efforts aiming at the investigation of propagating quantum microwaves @xcite . towards this end , \n the analysis of propagating microwave lig...
[ { "content": "multivariate analysis often involves understanding the relationship among variables of different types . \n our motivating data set is from the quality in acute stroke care ( qasc ) study , which implemented a multidisciplinary intervention to manage fever , hyperglycaemia and swallowing dysfuncti...
[ { "content": "the pleiades open cluster has become a favorite location for brown dwarf ( bd ) searches . \n this privilege is due to its proximity , young age , low extinction and compactness ( the same properties that make it easily recognized to the naked eye ) . \n such advantages were recognized over ten ye...
[ { "content": "in hadron colliders the dominant mode of top quark production is via quark - antiquark annihilation or gluon - gluon fusion , @xmath1 however there are other modes , @xmath2 in this list i have not included processes which pick a @xmath3-quark out of the hadron . \n these processes are approximate...
[ { "content": "since the pioneering works of carelli et al@xcite and oppenlnder et al@xcite , a lot of work has been devoted to the development of superconducting quantum interference filters ( sqifs ) for sensitive absolute magnetometry or for rf applications . indeed , \n since the response of the sqif is non ...
[ { "content": "the pace of cosmic evolution is marked out by the condensation of stars from the ism . \n starbursts , regions of intense massive star formation which can dominate the bolometric output of galaxies , are crucial to our understanding of this evolution at all redshifts . in the local universe about ...
[ { "content": "measure equivalence is an equivalence relation between discrete countable groups and is defined so that two such groups are equivalent if there exists a measure space , called a coupling , equipped with certain measure - preserving actions of those groups ( see definition [ defn - me ] ) . \n this...
[ { "content": "the average continuum observed in active galactic nuclei ( agn ) is shown in fig . 1 from the optical to x - ray range , as obtained from a composite optical - uv spectrum of francis et al . \n ( 1991 ) and zheng et al . \n ( 1997 ) , and from an average ( slightly modified ) soft x - ray spectrum...
[ { "content": "motivated by the increasing body of evidence that most of the mass in the universe consists of invisible `` dark '' matter , and by the particle physicist s inference that this dark matter is made of exotic non - baryonic particles , a new and on the long run more fruitful approach to study the fo...
[ { "content": "there is now a substantial amount of observational evidence that the universe is dominated by a dark component which is causing its expansion rate to accelerate . \n the analysis of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) anisotropy power spectra @xcite combined with results from large scale struc...
[ { "content": "it was experimentally observed in the 1960s that a quark of high generation can decay into a quark of low generation : a diagram of the mixed quark decay . \n ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:army1987/quark ) this phenomenon , referred to as _ the mixed quark decay _ in this article , h...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we investigate the hausdorff young inequality for a nonlinear version of the fourier transform , and establish theorem [ thm : main ] below . before stating it \n precisely , we briefly discuss the linear case . given a complex - valued integrable function @xmath1 on the real line...
[ { "content": "a fundamental question of communication theory is : at what rate can information be transmitted reliably over a noisy channel ? there is more than one way to go about answering this question . \n for instance , consider an erasure channel where the parameter @xmath0 denotes the probability with wh...
[ { "content": "gamma - ray burst ( grb ) explosions harbor both spherical supernova ( sn ) ejecta and highly collimated engine - driven jets @xcite . \n this `` spherical+jet '' paradigm for the geometry of grbs implies that both explosion components must be studied independently . \n early ( @xmath9 few days ) ...
[ { "content": "motivated by their potential applications in spintronics and quantum computing @xcite , the search for three - dimensional topological insulators ( 3dti ) has attracted considerable theoretical and experimental interest @xcite . \n these materials are called `` topological '' because they are di...
[ { "content": "the x - ray populations of external galaxies have been well studied for the last @xmath020 years . \n historically , studies of the individual sources have been severely limited by low count rates and signal to noise , and several methods have been used to derive the x - ray luminosity of a source...
[ { "content": "space- and time - resolved brillouin light scattering ( bls ) spectroscopy is a well established technique to investigate the spin - wave dynamics in thin magnetic films @xcite . \n however , this method is based on a simple counting of inelastically scattered photons . \n thus it only allows for ...
[ { "content": "origin of tiny neutrino masses and mixing is one of the most widely studied problems in modern day particle physics . since the standard model ( sm ) of particle physics fails to provide an explanation to neutrino masses and mixing , several well motivated beyond standard model ( bsm ) frameworks ...
[ { "content": "discovering a few years ago a new family of iron based superconductors gave rise both to intensive investigation of the fundamental properties of these materials ( see reviews @xcite and refs . therein ) and to seeking for their potential application . \n the fabrication of high - quality thin fil...
[ { "content": "it is well known that the qcd lagrangian with @xmath8 massless flavours has the @xmath9 symmetry spontaneously broken to @xmath10 giving the @xmath11plet of pseudoscalar massless goldstone mesons ( pions ) @xmath12 ( @xmath13 ) . \n their interactions at low momenta are described by the chiral lag...
[ { "content": "the classification of quantum deformations of lorentz symmetries described by classical r - matrices was given firstly by zakrzewski @xcite ( see also @xcite ) , and has been further extended to the classification of classical r - matrices for poincar algebra in @xcite . \n the classification of d...
[ { "content": "the nearby lenticular ( s0 , @xmath3 ) galaxy ic310 located in the perseus cluster exhibits an active galactic nucleus ( agn ) . \n this object has been detected at high energies ( above 30gev ) with _ \n fermi_/lat @xcite as well as at tev energies @xcite . \n the jet of ic310 , extending in the ...
[ { "content": "the dawning of the era of precision cosmology demands that we understand the history of our universe theoretically with the same accuracy as experiment . \n the _ wmap _ determination of acoustic peaks in the cmb spectrum to 1% accuracy has given strong support to the existence of an era of inflat...
[ { "content": "@xcite proposed that neutron star mergers will be accompanied by macronovae ( kilonovae ) , which are optical infrared transients powered by radioactive decay of the merger s debris . \n these macronovae are among the most promising electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational - wave merger even...
[ { "content": "granular matter is characterized by the existence of dissipative forces between particles . in order to sustain a collective motion , \n it is necessary to provide energy continuously . \n when power supply is sufficiently copious , the assembly of granular particles attains a non equilibrium stea...
[ { "content": "the aim of this paper is to elucidate a phenomenon that has been studied for the symmetric group @xmath2 by studying the underlying geometry . \n here we sketch the phenomenon , along with our geometric interpretation and generalization . for @xmath3 divisible by @xmath0 , recall that the @xmat...
[ { "content": "the large n limit of four dimensional non - abelian gauge theories is interesting from the view point of qcd phenomenology @xcite and string theory @xcite . \n lattice qcd is a useful technique for extracting fundamental results in the large n limit of qcd . \n fermions are naturally quenched in...
[ { "content": "the dominant dark component of matter in the universe is clustered in bound halos which form the skeleton of all astronomical objects of cosmological interest , from dwarf galaxies to rich galaxy clusters . \n the determination of the inner structure of such halos has been addressed both analytica...
[ { "content": "the last decades have witnessed the fast - paced development of a wide range of quantum chemical methods@xcite . \n examples are highly accurate but also computationally demanding wave - function - based approaches like coupled cluster and configuration interaction@xcite and density functional the...
[ { "content": "spin systems consisting of chain- or ladderlike structures as basic building blocks have recently attracted much attention . \n these systems are of interest on the one hand as one - dimensional ( 1d ) model systems allowing to study quantum phase transitions related to the existence of a spin gap...
[ { "content": "human behavior , as an academic issue in science , has a history about one century from watson @xcite . as a joint interest of sociology , psychology and economics , \n human behavior has been extensively investigated during the last decades . \n a basic assumption embedded in the previous analysi...
[ { "content": "supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) have been considered as the most likely power sources of the activity in quasars and active galactic nuclei ( lynden - bell 1969 ; rees 1984 ) . \n smbhs at the centers of all galaxies are now recognized as ubiquitous , whose mass @xmath0 is proportional to the s...
[ { "content": "at a distance of @xmath4kpc ( @xcite ) , sgra * , the compact radio , nir and x - ray source at the galactic center , is thought to mark the position of a super - massive black hole of mass @xmath5 ( @xcite,@xcite ) . \n proper motions of sgra * ( @xcite ) confirm that it traces a significant amou...
[ { "content": "the physics phenomena of nuclei are largely understood by considering the interaction between their building blocks , the nucleons . in 1935 , yukawa described the nucleon - nucleon ( nn ) force by the exchange of massive mesons @xcite in analogy to the electromagnetic interaction which can be re...
[ { "content": "the structure of quantum chromodynamic ( qcd ) matter at very high temperatures [ much higher than the critical temperature ( @xmath0 ) , which characterizes the hadron - quark deconfinement phase - transition ] is well understood by perturbation theory , for instance . but the entire quark - hadr...
[ { "content": "in recent years , there has been substantial interest in models in condensed matter physics with symmetry groups larger than su(2 ) , the group underlying the usual spin algebra . in particular , \n transition - metal oxides @xcite , where the electron spin is coupled to orbital degrees of freedo...
[ { "content": "structure formation and evolution in the universe and the formation and growth of supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) are two fundamental problems in astronomy which are still not fully understood . while recent progresses in the cosmic microwave background , the high redshift type ia supernovae su...
[ { "content": "threshold resummation @xcite plays an important role in extending and stabilizing the accuracy of perturbative results , and it may be of some relevance even for hadronic processes which are quite far from threshold @xcite , due to the fact that the underlying partonic process can be rather clos...
[ { "content": "cosmological problems are as old as human history , but cosmology is a relatively new science . in recent years two main observational results have revealed a profound implication in our current knowledge of the universe . \n these are the confirmation of the flat geometry and its accelerating exp...
[ { "content": "the nernst effect in the cuprate superconductors has recently become a focus of attention both experimentally @xcite and theoretically @xcite . \n the nernst effect is the electric field induced when the sample has a temperature gradient , @xmath1 , perpendicular to the magnetic field , @xmath2 ; ...
[ { "content": "given a link @xmath2 and a linear group @xmath3 , a _ tracefree _ \n ( or _ traceless _ ) @xmath3-representation of @xmath0 means a homomorphism @xmath4 sending each meridian to an element of trace zero . dated back to 1980 , \n magnus @xcite used tracefree @xmath5-representations to prove the fai...
[ { "content": "the action of the auxiliary impurity problem that we minize in our calculations is @xmath74 where @xmath75 is the imaginary time , @xmath76 is the annihilation operator for the impurity electrons , @xmath77 and @xmath78 are the orbital and spin indices , and @xmath49 is the impurity hybridization ...
[ { "content": "eduard helly proved his classical theorem concerning convex subsets of euclidean spaces . \n namely , suppose that @xmath4 is a collection of convex subsets of @xmath5 ( where @xmath6 ) such that the intersection of every @xmath7 of these sets in nonempty . \n then the whole family has a nonempty ...
[ { "content": "the type - i susy seesaw model can be described by the superpotential : @xmath8 where @xmath9 is the superpotential for the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ) , @xmath10 are the lepton flavour indices , @xmath11 are the majorana masses of the right - handed singlet neutrinos with gener...
[ { "content": "x - ray observations of wolf - rayet ( wr ) stars provide an important means of determining physical conditions in their powerful metal - rich winds and in hot wind - blown bubbles which can surround the star . \n x - ray observations yield information on the temperature , emission measure , and l...
[ { "content": "there is great interest in understanding the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) . \n there are various regions of the @xmath2 phase diagram ( @xmath3 is temperature and @xmath4 is a chemical potential for baryon number ) which are extremely hard to model theoretically using traditio...
[ { "content": "it is well - known that the ( co - moving ) space densities of the rarest , most powerful quasars and radio galaxies were much higher at epochs corresponding to @xmath1 than they are now ( longair 1966 ) . \n the behaviour of the space density beyond these redshifts is the subject of this paper . ...
[ { "content": "it is well - known ( cf . \n birkhoff s theorem @xcite ) that the only spherically symmetric solution @xmath2 to the einstein vacuum equations ( eve ) @xmath3 is the celebrated schwarzschild spacetime . \n it was in fact the first non - trivial solution to the einstein field equations to be discov...
[ { "content": "[ [ section ] ] large deviations of empirical measures have been widely studied in the literature since the celebrated sanov s theorem , which gives the large deviations principle in the scale of @xmath0 of the empirical measures of i. i. d. random variables with the relative entropy @xmath1 ...
[ { "content": "propagation of light rays from a distant source to the observer is governed by the gravitational field of intervening mass fluctuations as well as by the global geometry of the universe . \n the images of background sources hence carry the imprint of the gravitational potential of intervening cosm...
[ { "content": "the first motivation for supersymmetric extensions of the standard model ( sm ) stems from the solution of the naturalness or fine tuning problem in the higgs sector of the sm @xcite ( besides the unification of the gauge couplings and the possibility to explain dark matter ) : in the sm with an u...
[ { "content": "here we study the dispersive effect of atoms when they are trapped in a one dimensional optical lattice , as expected for the tapered fiber trap given in the paper . \n we consider a situation where the atoms are not saturated with few photons @xmath91 , and therefore , the system is in the linear...
[ { "content": "wave propagation through a multiply scattering medium is an important problem for different disciplines , from optics to acoustics and microwaves @xcite , since it finds important applications from fundamental physics to biomedical imaging @xcite . for a monochromatic coherent input beam , \n...
[ { "content": "[ cols=\"<,<,<,<\",options=\"header \" , ] [ tab : hlc2 ] \n the hlc supplies a set of 229 derived quantities for each light - motion curve in the lmcc . \n these quantities are aimed at describing the mean magnitudes , photometric variability and astrometric motion of the objects in the lmcc ...