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[ { "content": "traditional ground based radial velocity searches for extra - solar planetary systems have used medium- and large - size telescopes assigned to the program for particular nights of observing . while this type of approach has been extremely successful , resulting in about 120 detections of planetar...
[ { "content": "the capability of a high resolution and high signal - to - noise detector used to study properties of low energy recoils is demonstrated . \n motivated by directional searches for dark matter , all measurements were taken at low pressures in the 25 - 100 torr range , where low energy tracks are lo...
[ { "content": "analysis on post critically finite ( p.c.f . ) \n fractals has been well developed since kigami s original papers [ ki1,ki2 ] on the direct analytic construction of the laplacian on the familiar sierpinski gasket @xmath5 ( see fig . \n 1.1 ) , which now has been viewed as the `` post child '' for ...
[ { "content": "the defining property of a bose - einstein condensate is the macroscopic occupation of a single one - particle quantum state @xcite , a condition often referred to a off - diagonal long range order . \n even though bose - einstein condensation has been long known to exist in systems such as superf...
[ { "content": "electromagnetically induced transparency ( eit ) occurs when a three level system interacts with two resonant laser fields . \n this interaction results in a sharp transparency window for one of the beams in the otherwise absorptive media . \n the spectral width of this window can be narrower than...
[ { "content": "the aggregation processes of small particles have attracted a great theoretical interest in the last decade @xcite , due to their wide range of applications . on can distinguish particle - cluster aggregation , whose prototype is the witten - sander model @xcite , and cluster - cluster aggregation...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we consider the following stochastic differential equation ( sde ) driven by lvy noises : @xmath18 where @xmath4 is a @xmath19-dimensional lvy process , and @xmath20 is a continuous vector field such that for any @xmath9 , @xmath21 holds for some constant @xmath22 . \n it is a stan...
[ { "content": "our purpose is to provide a description of the semileptonic decays of the tau lepton that incorporates as many theoretical restrictions derived from the fundamental interaction , @xmath0 @xcite , as possible . \n this is a very convenient scenario to investigate the hadronization of @xmath0 becaus...
[ { "content": "a pair of compact objects ( black holes or neutron stars ) in binary orbit about one another is stable in newtonian gravity . in general relativity , however , the system will emit gravitational radiation , causing the bodies to spiral in towards one another . \n the gravitational radiation given ...
[ { "content": "sec:0 a real lie algebra @xmath4 is called _ compact _ if it is the lie algebra of a compact lie group ( ( * ? ? ? \n there are many characterizations of compact lie algebras : thm:0.1 for a finite dimensional real lie algebra @xmath4 , the following are equivalent : * @xmath4 is compact ...
[ { "content": "electron spin resonance from single - walled carbon nanotubes ( swcnts ) has been a subject of extensive studies in the recent past , starting in 1997 @xcite and continuing until most recently a set of new papers @xcite appeared . in several of the early papers response from localized and itineran...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we investigated the effects of charging and applied perpendicular electric field on the electronic , magnetic and chemical properties of silicene and germanene by performing first - principles dft spin - polarized and spin - unpolarized calculations using pbc within supercell geome...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a closed orientable surface of genus @xmath1 . according to the nielsen - thurston classification @xcite , every non - periodic irreducible automorphism of @xmath0 is isotopic to a pseudo - anosov diffeomorphism . \n thurston proved that the topological entropy of any pseudo - anoso...
[ { "content": "in the pursuit of physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) it is very common to encounter one or more abelian gauge symmetry than the sm @xmath0 hypercharge . \n two familiar examples are the grand unified theories ( guts ) based on @xmath3 that breaks to @xmath4 , where @xmath5 is the sm gauge gr...
[ { "content": "when boarding passengers , airline personnel usually call a limited number of rows at a time `` now seating rows 20 to 30 ! '' to ensure an efficient and orderly filling of the aircraft . \n nevertheless , there are always some hurried individuals who unduly join the forming line before their ro...
[ { "content": "strong gravitational lensing systems provide valuable tools for studying the properties and evolution of galaxies and quasars , for measuring the distribution of dark matter , and for constraining cosmological parameters \n . in particular , lensed quasar systems can provide information on , for e...
[ { "content": "gravitationally lensed quasars have proven to be a useful tool for a variety of astrophysical and cosmological studies , as described e.g. , in @xcite \n . applications of quasar lenses include constraints on cosmological parameters ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) and measure...
[ { "content": "the first extensive survey of the far - infrared sky was made by the _ infrared astronomy satellite _ ( iras ) launched in 1983 , more than two decades ago . \n iras provided point source catalogs , as well as infrared sky maps , for almost the entire sky , revealing the infrared view of the unive...
[ { "content": "the seminal paper by @xcite opened a new frontier for understanding star formation in the universe . in the two decades since their discovery of co emission from ultraluminous infrared galaxy ( ulirg ) iras f10214 + 4724 \n , the field of detecting and characterizing the star forming interstellar ...
[ { "content": "disk galaxies , when observed edge - on , often exhibit a box- or peanut - like structure . since this is confined to the inner parts of the galaxy , and since it extends in the vertical direction outside the disk , this structure has been called a boxy or peanut bulge . \n yet there are many ways...
[ { "content": "recently @xcite it was assumed that some kind of gravitational flux tube solutions in the 5d kaluza - klein gravity can be considered as string - like objects , namely @xmath0strings . \n the idea is that the gravitational flux tubes can be very thin ( approximately @xmath1 ) and arbitrary long . ...
[ { "content": "the complex relationships among the nearby dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) galaxies , the globular clusters and the general halo of our galaxy are far from clear , though all belong to baade s ( 1944 ) original population ii . \n it is of interest to discuss the similarities and differences of their ste...
[ { "content": "the spectrum of diffuse photons is expected to have a deep of more than two orders of magnitude at energies @xmath4 ev @xcite . \n this deep is similar in nature to the well - known greisen - zatsepin - kuzmin ( gzk ) cutoff @xcite and is caused by electron pair production on the cosmic microwav...
[ { "content": "brightest cluster galaxies ( bcgs ) are the most massive and most homogeneous class of galaxy observed in the universe . \n their large stellar luminosities and unique position at the centres of galaxy clusters make them easily identified from cluster surveys and observed out to high redshift . oc...
[ { "content": "observations of thermal dust emission from galactic structures , such as starless cores , filaments , and bubbles in the interstellar medium ( ism ) , can provide key information on the initial conditions for star formation . \n significant advances in the modelling of these structures have been m...
[ { "content": "the authors acknowledge financial support from the agence nationale de la recherche ( anr ) through the @xmath32 ( anr-14-ce32 - 0019 ) and @xmath33 ( anr-2011-emma-0002 ) projects . \n a. z. acknowledges financial support from the universit nice sophia antipolis . \n f. k. acknolewdges financial ...
[ { "content": "the investigation of optical pulses and of modulated periodical waves in wave guide structures as fibers and planar waveguides is connected with the additional requirements to the optical property of the materials . \n one standard way for confinement the optical beams and pulses is by variation o...
[ { "content": "dust is known to be ubiquitous in our galaxy , playing a crucial role in the heating , cooling and reprocessing of the interstellar medium ( ism ) . \n it is therefore no surprise that dust exists within hii regions , and several studies have been aimed at revealing the distribution of dust withi...
[ { "content": "systems with correlated electrons display a rich variety of physical phenomena and properties : different types of magnetic ordering , ( high - tc ) superconductivity , ferroelectricity , spin - charge separation , formation of spatial inhomogeneities @xcite ( phase separation , stripes , local g...
[ { "content": "application of electric and magnetic fields has turned out to be extremely helpful for developing a detailed understanding of atoms , as the electronic level structure is modified by characteristic energy shifts and/or lifting multiple state degeneracies . \n the latter is associated with the symm...
[ { "content": "an experiment by mller _ et al _ \n @xcite at the institut laue - langevin ( ill ) is currently measuring spin - dependent effects in the thermal neutron capture process n+pd+ , [ polnp ] wherein , as indicated , both the incident neutron and the target proton are polarized . at threshold , \n the...
[ { "content": "in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys like ni - mn - ga heusler alloys the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy fixes the magnetization along the easy magnetization axis of martensite variants @xcite . \n this `` one - to - one correspondence '' between magnetic domains and the martensite variants al...
[ { "content": "magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous process where magnetic fields undergo topological rearrangement and which converts the magnetic energy into heat and various forms of plasma energy . \n some of the key issues related with magnetic reconnection are : 1 . \n how does fast magnetic reconnecti...
[ { "content": "in january 2016 , a crocheter on the social networking site ravelry @xcite posted images of a coin purse she had made as a christmas present , and started a discussion thread asking readers of a particular forum if they could help her identify the name of its 3d shape ( hereafter termed _ the shap...
[ { "content": "the two @xmath3 meson factories babar and belle , which have already started operation , open an exciting new era in studying physics of @xmath3 mesons . \n both factories have already presented thrilling results on cp violation @xcite . \n the physics program of the b factories contain two main d...
[ { "content": "a small , but growing , number of galactic globular clusters exhibit a star - to - star variation in the relative abundances of the heavy elements . \n @xmath0 centauri is the most well - known member of this group with its stars spanning a range in metallicity = @xmath6 from [ fe / h ] @xmath3 @x...
[ { "content": "data from tidal stream debris is a valuable resource for constraining galactic structure . in the last decade , \n several streams , with both globular cluster and dwarf galaxy progenitors , have been discovered in the milky way @xcite , as well as in nearby galaxies @xcite . by examining the dens...
[ { "content": "magnetoelectric ( me ) effects in multiferroic ( mf ) or ferromagnetic ( metallic ) films have brought remarkable interest since promising technological applications in spintronics and ultrafast electric field control on magnetic data storage are seen as imminent@xcite,@xcite . \n characterization...
[ { "content": "this paper completes the proof that the pairs of graphs as in fig . \n [ graph ] are not realized as ( dual ) principal graphs of any subfactor for @xmath0 . \n these graphs are a part of the list of graphs given by haagerup in 1991 in @xcite as candidates which might be realized as ( dual ) princ...
[ { "content": "the canonical edwards - anderson ( ea ) model ising spin glasses ( isgs ) in dimension @xmath11 have been the subject of very many numerical studies . \n there is now consensus supported by analytic arguments that the two archetype models , the isgs on square lattices with near neighbor interactio...
[ { "content": "for a sub - markovian process @xmath0 on a locally compact set @xmath1 endowed with a non - negative radon measure @xmath2 , _ spectral radius _ \n @xmath3 is defined as the infimum over all those @xmath4 for which the resolvent function @xmath5 is @xmath2-integrable on compact subsets of @xmath1 ...
[ { "content": "empirically the literature reports several behaviors for the income and wealth distributions in different countries . \n a century ago , the italian social economist pareto suggested a power - law @xcite distribution in the high - income range , namely , in terms of cumulative distribution : @xma...
[ { "content": "during the early stages of the 19967 outburst of the microquasar gro j165540 , _ hst _ , _ rxte _ and _ cgro _ light curves reveal an enigmatic behaviour , shown in fig . \n [ longlcfig ] . over a period of about 3 months , during which optical and uv fluxes declined steadily , the x - ray brightn...
[ { "content": "the gurevich - pitaevskii ( gp ) special universal solution of the korteweg - de vries ( kdv ) equation @xmath0 was introduced in @xcite in connection with the problem of description of collisionless shock waves ( sagdeev showed in @xcite that such waves are of oscillating character ) . \n the beh...
[ { "content": "stripes have been an area of active study in the high - temperature superconductivity research . \n they are modulations of charge and spin densities , and can be static or dynamic . in 1995 , \n tranquada and coworkers@xcite observed the coexistence of superconducting and stripe domain order for ...
[ { "content": "the @xcite and @xcite _ chandra _ surveys of the nuclear bulgerevealed a large population of weak , hard point - like x - ray sources that could account for up to 10% of the previously observed `` diffuse '' x - ray emission from the nuclear bulge . \n numerous studies have tried to characterise...
[ { "content": "despite the great success of the standard model ( sm ) , the mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking remains to be tested in experiments . \n there are many reasons to believe there is physics beyond the sm . in particular , the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ) is one of the best...
[ { "content": "the general concern of this paper is the dynamics of solid bodies in a fluid flow . \n this dynamics is relevant to many natural and industrial processes , like blood flows , sprays , or design of micro swimmers . \n a main problem to understand this dynamics is to compute the drag exerted by the ...
[ { "content": "the mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses , such as high strength and low ductility , are both of fundamental scientific interest and technological importance @xcite . \n it is now well recognized that the plastic deformation of metallic glasses below their glass transition temperature i...
[ { "content": "the sudbury neutrino observatory is a second generation water cerenkov detector using 1000 tonnes of heavy water , d@xmath1o , as detection medium . \n sno was designed to address the problem of the deficit of solar neutrinos by having sensitivity to all flavours of neutrinos and not just to @xmat...
[ { "content": "complex organic molecules ( coms ) have a key role among the many molecules so far detected in space : since they follow the same chemical rules of carbon - based chemistry , which terrestrial life is based on , they may give us an insight into the universality of life . \n of course , large bioti...
[ { "content": "open magnetic systems for plasma confinement have a number of potential advantages when considered as a basis for fusion reactors with various thermonuclear applications starting from neutron sources with a thermonuclear gain factor @xmath3 @xcite and ending with power plants with @xmath4 @xcite ....
[ { "content": "in the last few years high resolution x ray spectroscopy has made progress in the exploration of the circumnuclear environment of radio loud ( rl ) agns . \n studies performed on obscured rl sources ( grandi et al . \n 2007 hereafter g07 ; sambruna et al . 2007 ; reeves et al . \n 2010 hereafte...
[ { "content": "the critical phenomena , typical of many body systems , have attracted remarkable scientific interest since a long time . \n the monte carlo ( mc ) stochastic techniques @xcite serve to estimate thermodynamic averages from samples of the configuration space . \n many advanced simulation approach...
[ { "content": "[ [ section ] ] higher energy gains , reduced energy spread , smaller emittance and better stability of laser- plasma accelerated electrons@xcite are critical issues to address for future development and applications of compact particle accelerators and radiation sources@xcite . \n plasma densi...
[ { "content": "the discovery of a resonance at the lhc @xcite that is compatible with the standard - model ( sm ) higgs boson @xcite marked a milestone in particle physics . \n the existence of the higgs boson is inherently related to the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking @xcite while preserving the ful...
[ { "content": "dilute polymer solutions exhibit physical behaviours that distinguish them from ordinary newtonian fluids . \n even a small polymer concentration can considerably change the large - scale behaviour of the flow by enhancing viscosity and reducing the turbulent drag . \n a comprehensive understandin...
[ { "content": "modern astronomy pays close attention to the physics and evolution of triple and multiple stars . \n the stability of orbits in such systems , see , e.g. @xcite , the influence of additional bodies on the central binary , and the dynamical evolution of orbits in multiple systems , see , e.g. @xcit...
[ { "content": "despite the tendency of social actors to become more similar to each other through their local interactions @xcite , global polarization , i.e. , the existence of stable multicultural regimes , is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human society @xcite . \n this issue has been addressed by somewhat ideali...
[ { "content": "recent literature reports on many studies about the structural and dynamical properties of water confined in different environments . \n @xcite the interest on this subject arises mainly from evidence of the relevance of the water - substrate interaction in determining either stability and enzymat...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of gamma - ray burst ( grb ) afterglows in the late 90 s @xcite , these energetic phenomena have been targets of observational efforts at essentially all electromagnetic wavelengths . \n the wealth of available information put severe constraints on the various families of inte...
[ { "content": "it is widely acknowledged that theoretical research and applications development evolve at different speeds , driven by different aims . \n research theory investigates new problems and new ideas , taking its time to study different solutions that tackle problems from different points of view . \n...
[ { "content": "within the past few years the number of known brown dwarfs has increased dramatically , with both the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss ; * ? ? ? * ) and two micron all - sky survey ( 2mass ; * ? ? ? \n * ) accounting for the bulk of the discoveries . \n these objects have been identified based on b...
[ { "content": "growing attention has recently been paid to the model buildings based on the scenario of extra dimensions compactified with tev scale @xcite . \n along such a scenario the top quark condensate ( top - mode standard model : tmsm ) @xcite was reconsidered by several authors @xcite in the versions...
[ { "content": "gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) are interesting highly energetic phenomena for which there is still no definitive explanation on the originating mechanism ( see e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) . regarding the initial event that triggers a grb , the combination of the observed short variability timesc...
[ { "content": "silicates are an important component of interstellar and circumstellar dust . \n many galactic sources show broad emission or absorption features at 10 and 18 @xmath0 m due to the si \n o stretching and o si o bending vibrations of silicate bonds . because of the width of these features , these ...
[ { "content": "there is growing interest in type ib / c supernovae ( sne ) following the discovery of a subclass that display very broad - lined spectra , indicating the existence of ejecta expanding with velocity @xmath9 . \n models of the optical spectra and the light curves ( lcs ) of this high - velocity sub...
[ { "content": "recent progress in cosmology is largely stimulated by precise measurements of the universe . \n the redshift survey of galaxies is one of the most important methods in distinguishing cosmological models . \n the baryon acoustic oscillations ( baos ) in the early universe @xcite , which were first ...
[ { "content": "it is widely accepted that triplet pairing between constituent spin-1/2 fermions gives rise to superfluid phases in liquid @xmath0he at millikelvin temperatures and in the neutronic component of the quantum fluid interior of a neutron star at temperatures in the hundred kev range and below . in bo...
[ { "content": "recent successful measurements of ortho positronium ( ps ) scattering cross sections by h@xmath2 , n@xmath2 , he , ne , ar , c@xmath3h@xmath4 , and c@xmath5h@xmath6 @xcite have spurred renewed theoretical activity in this subject @xcite . of these , the ps - he system is of special interest as it ...
[ { "content": "the discovery of topological insulator @xcite has generated strong activities in the condensed matter and high - energy physics communities . \n a prominent property of a topological insulator is the existence of gapless surface states in the form of a dirac hamiltonian with momentum and spin dire...
[ { "content": "embedding a quantum well ( qw ) inside a semiconductor microcavity results in the formation of the so - called microcavity polaritons ; a coherent superpositon of the cavity mode and an exciton , when the cavity is tuned to an excitonic transition in the qw . over the last 15 years \n , these boso...
[ { "content": "in the quest to understand when galaxies formed their stars and assembled their mass , two complementary observational techniques can be employed : direct observations of galaxies at different redshifts , and reconstruction of the previous galaxy history from fossil records at a given epoch . \n t...
[ { "content": "the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) is one of our closest neighbor galaxies at a distance of @xmath0 . \n the sagitarrius dwarf is closer at @xmath1 , but its contrast with respect to the milky way foreground stars is so low that it was discovered only about a decade ago . \n the lmc is therefore t...
[ { "content": "the mechanical status of granular matter is presently one of the most open and debated issues @xcite . \n this state of matter exhibits many unusual mechanical and rheological properties such as stress induced organization at the microscopic @xcite or at the mesoscopic @xcite level which may yield...
[ { "content": "antiprotonic atoms are a specific tool to study the strong interaction and the nucleon density in the nuclear periphery . \n the strong interaction potential leads to widths and energy shifts of antiproton - atomic levels compared to the purely electromagnetic interaction . \n the measurement of t...
[ { "content": "optical bright emission lines have been used for many years as the main source of information to derive physical properties and chemical abundances both in nearby and distant galaxies . \n these optical emission - lines are excited by the uv radiation emitted by young massive stars in the gas clou...
[ { "content": "the periodic modulation of stress wave existing in periodic composites results in exotic dynamic response . \n the phononic band - structure@xcite induced by the periodic modulation of stress waves has close similarities with areas like electronic band theory@xcite and photonics@xcite . \n the ric...
[ { "content": "the nuclear symmetry energy plays an important role in the properties of nuclei and neutron stars @xcite . to a good approximantion \n , it can be written as @xmath0 where @xmath1 , is the isospin asymmetry ; @xmath2 , @xmath3 , are the neutron , proton densities , and @xmath4 describes the densi...
[ { "content": "recent advances of micro - sensor fabrication technology allow for producing cheap and small sensor nodes with wireless communication capabilities . consequently , wireless sensor networks ( wsns ) become an economically sound solution to wide range of applications such as environmental and wildli...
[ { "content": "anais project aims at the study of the annual modulation signal attributed to galactic dark matter particles@xcite using 250 kg nai(tl ) at the canfranc underground laboratory ( lsc ) , in spain . \n the dama experiment , at the laboratori nazionali del gran sasso , in italy , reported first evide...
[ { "content": "in order to develop and maintain tissues , cells in multicellular organisms have to interact with each other and the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) . cellular communication proceeds mainly through specific interactions provided by receptor - ligand binding . in solution , gradients in ligand concent...
[ { "content": "it is a common knowledge that the impact of a measuring device onto the object - under - test should be minimized if working with signal sources of essentially quantum nature . \n this is a general problem of non - disturbing quantum measurements . for electronic detecting facilities , especially ...
[ { "content": "susy is perhaps the most promising candidate for physics beyond the standard model ; it also provides a good test of detector performance . \n the atlas @xcite and cms @xcite collaborations at the cern large hadron collider ( lhc ) have therefore devoted a lot of effort to studying susy signatur...
[ { "content": "cooperative behavior often provides a strong benefit for populations . but why are cooperators not undermined by non - cooperative individuals which take the benefit but save the costs for its provision @xcite ? for higher developed organisms , there are several ways to escape this _ dilemma of c...
[ { "content": "it is fair to say that the two - dimensional ising model has a very particular historical importance in statistical mechanics . \n this model of ferromagnetism has been the first natural model where the existence of a phase transition , a property common to many statistical mechanics models , has ...
[ { "content": "the motivation for this project is to design a novel optical system for quasi - real time alignment of tracker detector elements used in high energy physics ( hep ) experiments . \n fox - murphy _ et.al . \n _ from oxford university reported their design of a frequency scanned interferometer ( fsi...
[ { "content": "the standard model of cosmology suggests that the total energy density of the universe is presently dominated by the densities of two components : the _ dark matter _ \n component , which is a pressureless matter fluid having an attractive behaviour , and the _ dark energy _ , whose main propertie...
[ { "content": "our interest in and the eventual development of the pbm goes back many years to the early nineteen eighties . \n van hove s work@xcite in the early eighties considered the bubbles as small droplets of quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) assumed to be produced in ultra - relativistic collisions of hadrons...
[ { "content": "in a markovian model for an equity market with mean rates of return @xmath0 and covariance rates @xmath1 , @xmath2 , for its asset capitalizations @xmath3 at time @xmath4 , what is the highest return on investment [ as in ( [ maxretinv ] ) below ] that can be achieved relative to the market on a g...
[ { "content": "the current cutting - edge technology has developed seeking the realization of quantum information and quantum computation . \n for such realization , the mathematical modeling of the system of some quantum devices will play an important role . \n one of the candidates for qubit is electron spin ,...
[ { "content": "the flavor content of the nucleon sea provides an important test for models of nucleon structure . \n a flavor symmetric sea leads to the gottfried sum rule @xmath6 @xcite , whereas any deviation from this value is an indication of the @xmath7 asymmetry of the nucleon sea . \n the first clear evid...
[ { "content": "in the current literature of complex systems , aging is frequently reported as a phenomenon observed in spin glasses and other disordered systems , rather than in biological systems @xcite , though some works have been devoted to biological aging of populations @xcite . \n relevant contributions h...
[ { "content": "fmi acknowledges the support by conacyt ( mexico ) grant no . 34668-e . \n w. wang , f.m . izrailev and g. casati , \n phys . rev . * \n e 57 * , 323 ( 1998 ) ; f. borgonovi , i. guarneri and f.m . \n izrailev , phys . rev . * e 57 * , 5291 ( 1998 ) ; l. meza - montes , f.m . \n izrailev , and s.e...
[ { "content": "a new theoretical concept which , once formulated , naturally emerges in many related contexts , deserves further study . \n even more so , if it makes us view well - established theories in a novel way , and meaningfully points beyond standard theory . \n area metrics , we argue in this paper , a...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 be a knot in the @xmath2-sphere @xmath3 \n . then we denote by @xmath4 the @xmath2-manifold obtained by @xmath5-surgery on @xmath1 , i.e. , by attaching a solid torus to @xmath6int@xmath7 in such a way that @xmath5 bounds a meridian disk of the filling solid torus . using the preferred...
[ { "content": "although finite - temperature field theory provides the natural framework to describe thermodynamic properties and phase transitions in plasmas involving gauge fields , its perturbative realization faces dreadful obstacles produced by severe infrared divergences in the gauge sector @xcite . in ...
[ { "content": "the cauchy problem for the korteweg de vries ( kdv ) equation @xmath1 in the zero - dispersion limit has been widely studied . \n the physical interest in this limit is due to the fact that it describes the phenomenon of shock waves in dissipationsless dispersive media . \n dispersive shock waves ...
[ { "content": "quantum correlations allow one to perform many communicational and computational tasks with efficiency unattainable using classical devices and they are at the heart of all considerations in quantum information theory . on the other hand the quantum correlations are very sensitive to any disturban...
[ { "content": "there has been a great deal of interest in studying collective dynamics of two - dimensional ( 2d ) strongly coupled coulomb systems ( sccss ) in the presence of an external magnetic field @xcite . \n early studies were mainly concerned with the 2d electron gas and/or liquid systems , and were lar...