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[ { "content": "recent progress of controlled femtosecond pulses has advanced greatly the technology during the last few years @xcite . \n a new field of molecular optics has emerged where lasers are used to manipulate the internal and external degrees of freedom of molecules , to deflect beams of molecules , to ...
[ { "content": "in the last decade surface enhanced raman scattering ( sers)@xcite has made rapid progress towards applications . with a sensitivity rivaling fluorescence in some cases , and a much higher structural specificity , sers is a highly attractive technique , being developed simultaneously with the fiel...
[ { "content": "quantum spaces are revealing rich geometrical structures and are the subject of intense research activities . in this paper \n we present a construction of monopoles on the quantum projective plane @xmath1 . by a monopole \n we mean a line bundle over @xmath1 , that is to say a ` rank 1 ' ( in a s...
[ { "content": "the ` supersoft ' x - ray sources form a new and exciting but inhomogeneous class of x - ray objects . though a few members of the class were known before rosat , it is this observatory which has characterised the class as objects with temperatures of 15 80 ev and luminosities approaching the edd...
[ { "content": "cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are short period binary systems in which a roche lobe filling low mass main sequence secondary transfers mass to a white dwarf ( wd ) primary . \n the transferred matter accretes onto the wd either through a disc or a stream and slowly builds up a hydrogen rich s...
[ { "content": "the precise quantization of the hall conductance in the integer quantum hall states is protected by the non - trivial topology of band structures . \n this topological property is characterized by the thouless - kohmoto - nightingale - den nijs ( tknn ) number , or the chern number @xcite , which ...
[ { "content": "over the years , transition metal oxides have represented a traditional platform for strongly correlated electron physics , which has nowadays become a field of its own , encompassing several classes of compounds with one common denominator : the localized character of the low - energy electronic ...
[ { "content": "for many years , the tully - fisher relation ( tully & fisher , 1977 ) has been used to estimate distances to the virgo cluster . \n these studies were based on optical or near infrared photometry ( gavazzi 1999 ) , together with gas kinematics from hi linewidths ( e.g. , yasuda 1997 ) or h@xmath0...
[ { "content": "strassen s algorithm @xcite was the first sub - cubic algorithm for matrix multiplication . \n its improvement by winograd @xcite led to a highly practical algorithm . \n the best asymptotic complexity for this computation has been successively improved since then , down to @xmath0 in @xcite ( s...
[ { "content": "cosmic history from the decoupling ( @xmath4 ) to the epoch of lighting of the first luminous sources ( at redshifts @xmath5 to 5 ) is one of the biggest unknowns of present day observational cosmology . \n high redshifts and dust extinction during early active phases both degrade the energetic o...
[ { "content": "electromagnetic fields are the main tool in the control and manipulation of the motion of polarizable dipoles , such as atoms and molecules , which are key objects in physics and chemistry . \n optical traps @xcite and laser cooling @xcite are widely used to induce external mechanical forces on in...
[ { "content": "of the most predominant protocols of the internet is the transmission control protocol ( tcp ) , which provides a high level of reliability on end - to - end connections . \n it regulates the transmission rate between the two ends of a connection based on the changes of the underlying network . in...
[ { "content": "coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) are large scale transient eruptions from the sun that travel into the heliosphere . \n the impact of these transients onto earth are the dominant source of the most severe space weather incidents @xcite . \n the velocity and magnetic field vectors within a cme are o...
[ { "content": "the study of soliton and black hole solutions of the einstein - yang - mills ( eym ) equations has been an active subject for some twenty - five years , triggered by the discovery of regular , static , spherically symmetric , solitons @xcite and `` coloured '' black holes @xcite in @xmath2 eym in ...
[ { "content": "proving the existence of black holes remains a key goal of observational high energy astrophysics . \n while dynamical evidence ( e.g. charles 1998 ) convincingly demonstrates the existence of compact accreting objects in binary systems which have masses in excess of the highest theoretical limit ...
[ { "content": "since its inception , the large @xmath2 expansion @xcite @xcite has afforded a host of valuable insights into @xmath3 dynamics beyond standard perturbation theory in the coupling constant . besides providing a solvable example of a nonabelian gauge theory in the case of one space dimension @xcite ...
[ { "content": "according to the reverberation mapping model ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) , the broad emission line variations follow the ionizing continuum variations through the photoionization process . the variation correlations between broad - lines and continua \n were observed with time lags in type 1 active galacti...
[ { "content": "oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling in metallic magnetic multilayers causes the magnetizations of neighbouring magnetic layers separated by non - magnetic spacers to be spontaneously aligned ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically depending on the thickness of the spacer material . \n this...
[ { "content": "figures [ fig:1],[fig:2 ] show diagrams of processes in pump femtosecond laser pulse ( fslp ) action on metal . \n the three time slices `` ei '' , @xmath3 and @xmath4 in fig . \n [ fig:1 ] correspond to the following non - equilibrium processes : ( e - i ) the electron - ion thermal relaxation ,...
[ { "content": "the increasing environmental awareness , together with the progressive reduction of production and installation costs@xcite , leads to a considerable growth in the amount of renewable energy sources ( res ) that is installed worldwide . \n moreover , the increasing propensity to reduce greenhouse ...
[ { "content": "it is commonly believed that the cosmological _ singularity _ problem @xcite may be resolved in a theory which unifies gravity and quantum physics . \n recent analyses done within the _ loop _ quantum cosmology ( lqc ) concerning homogeneous isotropic universes of the friedmann - robertson - walke...
[ { "content": "coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) are one of the leading causes of space weather , especially when they have organized southward directed magnetic field . \n therefore , it is of great importance for space weather forecasting to understand how their direction of propagation and their orientation at ...
[ { "content": "the recent discovery of the higgs boson at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) @xcite confirms that the higgs mechanism is responsible for spontaneously breaking electroweak symmetry in the standard model ( sm ) . \n however , the question of whether the higgs sector is natural or not remains to be ...
[ { "content": "lcccccccc number & sequence & & & & orbital + & number & date & time & date & time & xis & hxd & phase@xmath1 + first & 100012010 & 2005 - 08 - 29 & 01:48 & 2005 - 08 - 30 & 01:30 & 50 & 53 & 1.39 + second & 100045010 & 2006 - 02 - 03 & 09:59 & 2006 - 02 - 03 & 22:45 & 21 & 17 & 1.47 + collidin...
[ { "content": "notwithstanding simple underlying physics , percolation transition are _ bona fide _ second order phase transitions , with all of usual the hallmarks of singular behavior at a critical point @xcite . \n percolation transitions , phase transitions mediated by a disordering influence such as the ra...
[ { "content": "the central challenge in finding or engineering thermoelectric materials suitable for thermal energy conversion beyond niche applications remains to combine good electrical properties and a very low thermal conductivity in a single material . \n very recently , the compound snse has been reported ...
[ { "content": "the schwinger effect , involving pair creation by a classical electromagnetic field out of the vacuum , is a well - known representative example of quantum field theory in an external classical background @xcite . the usual treatment , in the case of a spatially uniform and constant ( in time ) e...
[ { "content": "in ashtekar s theory of gravity , a @xmath2-connection captures the extrinsic curvature of a space - like leaf in a time - transversal foliation , and the intrinsic geometry of the leaf is given by a tetrad @xcite . \n it is shown that the einstein - hilbert functional and einstein equations can b...
[ { "content": "the nature of dark matter , which accounts for the majority of the mass in the universe , is one of the major outstanding problems of modern astrophysics . \n although it is often assumed that dark matter is collisionless , there is no a priori reason to believe that this is the case , and it has...
[ { "content": "after the discovery of graphene@xcite , interest in atomically thin materials@xcite has grown rapidly due to their extraordinary physical properties.@xcite in the last decade , several 2d materials have been synthesized and theoretically predicted , such as silicene,@xcite germanene,@xcite stanene...
[ { "content": "motif search problems are of central importance for sequence analysis in computational molecular biology . \n these problems have applications in fields such as genetic drug target identification or signal finding ( see @xcite and the references cited therein for more details and further applicati...
[ { "content": "quantum phase transitions(qpt ) , as opposed to the classical transitions , driven by quantum rather than thermal fluctuations , occur at absolute zero and are induced by the change of some coupling constant or physical parameter . \n these phenomena have captured the attention of many researchers...
[ { "content": "carbon monoxide ( co ) , the most common molecule after @xmath4 , is routinely detected in external galaxies . \n when exposed to photons of energy greater than 11.1 ev , co is readily photodissociated into atomic carbon and oxygen . as the c@xmath3 ionization potential is only 11.3 ev \n , i.e. q...
[ { "content": "during their propagation to earth , ultra - high energy cosmic rays ( uhecrs ) can suffer different interaction processes and be deflected by the pervasive cosmic magnetic fields , which directly affects the spectrum and chemical composition observables of these particles . \n therefore , to addre...
[ { "content": "the memristor is an electronic device predicted by l. chua in 1971@xcite and experimentally obtained a few years ago.@xcite these devices are characterized by distinct resistance states which could be used to store information as they show very fast switching and high retention times.@xcite the...
[ { "content": "the majority of stars form in clusters of 100 or more members @xcite . \n the dynamics and distribution of stars within clusters have important ramifications for planet formation , stellar multiplicity , mass segregation , cluster disruption , and any other property of stars and planets that can b...
[ { "content": "imaging cherenkov telescopes have proven to be the most successful tool developed so far to explore the cosmic gamma rays of energies above few hundred gev . \n a pioneering generation of installations has been able to detect a handful of sources and start a whole program of very exciting physics ...
[ { "content": "supersymmetric particles have been so far elusive . nor we have seen any indirect signal of them in flavour physics , giving rise to the so - called _ supersymmetric flavour problem_. assuming that s - particles at the fermi scale indeed exist , is there any message in this ? \n on one side , the ...
[ { "content": "recent observations of unevolved halo stars have confirmed the surprising linear relationship of the be and b abundances with [ fe / h ] ( @xcite , @xcite ) . \n this primary behaviour of be and b can not be understood on the basis of the standard model ( sm ) of libeb production in the interstell...
[ { "content": "in its most generic form , the persistence problem is concerned with the fraction of space which persists in its initial @xmath0 state up to some later time @xmath1 . \n it is a classic problem which falls into the general class of so - called first passage problems [ 1 ] and has been extensively...
[ { "content": "generalization of some well - known stochastic processes indexed by a single parameter to processes indexed by two parameters has attracted considerable interest recently . \n for example , houdre and villa @xcite generalized fractional brownian motion parametrized by a single hurst index to the b...
[ { "content": "-input - multiple - output ( mimo ) communications @xcite have continued to be one of the key technologies of the next generation wireless systems due to their potential of providing higher data rate and better reliability compared to the conventional single - input - single - output ( siso ) syst...
[ { "content": "quantum communication ( qc ) has recently emerged as a subject of much interest , due to its applications in distributed quantum computation and quantum cryptography @xcite . in qc , \n non - orthogonal quantum signals are typically transmitted through telecom fibers . \n reducing noise in telecom...
[ { "content": "detection of the mott insulating transition is a desirable function for the first - principles calculations , which has been demanded for years . \n a recently developed multi - reference density functional theory with the fluctuation reference method defines a self - consistent first - principles...
[ { "content": "currently the most popular activation function for neural networks is the rectified linear unit ( relu ) , which was first proposed for restricted boltzmann machines @xcite and then successfully used for neural networks @xcite . \n the relu activation function is the identity for positive argument...
[ { "content": "agn classification is still somewhat heuristic , but in the unified model , blazars are believed to be sources viewed close to the axis of a powerful relativistic jet ( * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . \n they thus have compact flat spectrum radio counterparts , with apparent superluminal moti...
[ { "content": "in iron pnictides , the superconductivity @xcite emerges near an antiferromagnetically ordered state @xcite in the phase diagram . \n this implies a strong interplay between the superconductivity and magnetism in these materials . \n it has been observed that the parent compounds of iron pnicti...
[ { "content": "sexual reproduction is the observed mode of reproduction for nearly all multicellular organisms . as such \n , the evolution of sex has been one of the central outstanding questions in evolutionary biology . \n one of the biological explanations for the existence of sex is that it provides a natur...
[ { "content": "distributions of transverse momenta of charged leptons ( @xmath5 ) produced in drell yan ( dy ) processes are important observables in hadron collider experiments . \n their sensitivity to the values of the standard model ( sm ) parameters and to the polarisation of @xmath0 and @xmath6 bosons pro...
[ { "content": "nuclei under extreme conditions ( temperature , spin , neutron to proton ratio n / z , density ) have been the focus of experimental and theoretical investigations . \n the fusion process between heavy ions colliding at incident energies around the coulomb barrier is well suited to study hot and r...
[ { "content": "this is the fifth in a series of seven papers describing the pan - starrs1 surveys , the data reduction techiques and the resulting data products . \n this paper ( paper v ) describes the final calibration process , and the resulting photometric and astrometric quality . \n * paper i ) provides an...
[ { "content": "the study of high - frequency collective dynamics in liquids and glasses at microscopic length scales and terahertz frequency region has been a subject of intense investigations in the past decade . in particular , recent development of the inelastic x - ray scattering ( ixs ) \n technique has ren...
[ { "content": "it is currently believed that pulsars are among the few objects in our galaxy that are candidate sources of ultrarelativistic charged cosmic rays . \n relativistic particles within the magnetosphere emit @xmath0-rays at energies up to several gev in various processes such as curvature radiation , ...
[ { "content": "there is a rapidly expanding use of low temperature platforms ( @xmath1 k ) , for fundamental science , sensitive instrumentation , and new technologies of potentially significant commercial impact . \n the availability of commercial `` push button '' cryogen - free dilution refrigerators is a ke...
[ { "content": "if the galactic dark halo were composed entirely of massive compact halo objects ( machos ) , the instantaneous probablity of microlensing ( the `` optical depth '' ) towards the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) would have been @xmath15 ( pacznski 1986 ) . \n the most recent observational result for...
[ { "content": "during the last two decades models of pedestrian behavior have found notable interest for several reasons . first , there are some striking analogies with gases @xcite and fluids @xcite . \n second , all model quantities like places @xmath0 and velocities @xmath1 of pedestrians @xmath2 are measura...
[ { "content": "quantum key distribution ( qkd ) is one of the most interesting topics in quantum information processing , which allows the sender ( alice ) and the receiver ( bob ) to share a secret key with negligibly leakage of information to an eavesdropper ( eve ) . \n this task is accomplished by making use...
[ { "content": "exploring entanglement has attracted considerable interest in various physical systems , ranging from atoms and photons to solid - state materials @xcite . \n entanglement describes a phenomenon in which two or more subsystems are linked through direct or indirect interactions . \n this a quantum...
[ { "content": "cassels @xcite was challenged to determine when the sum of three consecutive cubes equals a square . \n he @xcite reduced the problem to finding integral points on the elliptic curve @xmath0 . using the arithmetic of certain quartic number fields \n , he obtained that the integral points on the ab...
[ { "content": "this continuation of a previous paper [ 1 ] on the derivation of general beam - referenced stage - two spin - correlation functions is for the analysis of top - antitop pair - production [ 2,3 ] at the tevatron and at the large hadron collider [ 4 ] . \n each second at the large hadron collider th...
[ { "content": "observations have it that magnetic fields of order @xmath3 g are present in clusters of galaxies ( see , for example , kronberg 1994 ; zweibel & heiles 1997 ; carilli & taylor 2002 ; widrow 2002 ; govoni & feretti 2004 ; vogt & enlin 2005 ; ferrari et al . 2008 ; ryu et al . \n 2012 ) . no physica...
[ { "content": "this paper is motivated by a recent consulting case in which a company wants to evaluate the performance of its @xmath14 offices at different locations . the performance of office no . \n @xmath15 is quantified by a certain measure @xmath16 of costs per unit , but it is clear that it is influenced...
[ { "content": "as a major resource for quantum information processing , entangled states have been intensively studied in a wide variety of quantum systems . from the mathematical point of view , \n when pure states are considered , they correspond to state vectors of a combined system that can not be factorized...
[ { "content": "the possibility of getting information about the thermodynamics of nuclear matter from the analysis of intermediate energies heavy ion collisions has triggered a lot of interest in this field . \n starting from the pioneering work of the purdue group , when for the first time a power law was used ...
[ { "content": "lead magnesium niobate pbmg@xmath0nb@xmath1o@xmath2 ( pmn ) is a canonical relaxor material characterized by an extremely large magnitude of dielectric permittivity over a broad temperature range and having logarithmically - wide frequency dispersion @xcite that is strongly demanded in many valuab...
[ { "content": "the performance of communication systems that rely on electromagnetic wave propagation are ultimately limited by noise of quantum - mechanical origin . moreover , \n high - sensitivity photodetection systems have long been close to this noise limit . hence determining the ultimate capacities of la...
[ { "content": "the initial mass function ( imf ) of stars is one of the most fundamental and crucial ingredients in models of galaxy formation and stellar evolution . \n it determines several key parameters in stellar populations , such as the yield of heavy elements , the mass - to - light ratio , luminosity ev...
[ { "content": "young stellar associations ( @xmath11 50 myr ) and open clusters have a crucial importance in advancing our understanding of star formation and the first stages of stellar evolution . since the galactic acceleration does not have a chance to affect the kinematical properties of these young stella...
[ { "content": "liquid crystals spatially confined on the nanometer scale exhibit structural and thermodynamical properties which differ markedly from their bulk counterparts . \n both the collective orientational ( isotropic - to - nematic ) and translational ( smectic ) transitions have turned out to be signifi...
[ { "content": "in certain situations , geometrical information of manifolds might be encoded in differential forms . in the presence of symmetries of the manifold via the action of a lie group , \n the behavior of these differential forms under the group action may lead to a better understanding of the manifold ...
[ { "content": "shot noise in a mesoscopic conductor is a consequence of the stochastic character of electron tunneling and of the discreteness of charge . unlike thermal noise , shot noise describes the non - equilibrium fluctuations of current \n ; therefore , the study of current fluctuations can provide furth...
[ { "content": "all graphs considered in this paper are simple , connected and undirected . \n we follow the terminology and notation of bondy and murty @xcite . \n an edge - colored graph @xmath1 is _ rainbow connected _ if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors . \n the _ rain...
[ { "content": "the formation and evolution of massive elliptical ( passive ) galaxies in the universe is interesting for both studies of galaxy evolution and cosmology . in the former case , \n such galaxies present an observational challenge for hierarchical models of structure formation , as some form of feedb...
[ { "content": "the data set of charged current quasi elastic ( ccqe ) events recently released by the miniboone collaboration @xcite provides an unprecedented opportunity to carry out a systematic study of the double differential cross section of the process , _ + ^12 - 5mu c ^- + x , averaged over the neutrino...
[ { "content": "_ jacobi - type continued fractions _ , or _ \n j - fractions _ , correspond to power series defined by infinite continued fraction expansions of the form @xmath7 for some sequences @xmath8 and @xmath9 , and some ( typically formal ) series variable @xmath10 @xcite @xcite . \n the formal series en...
[ { "content": "the concept of a possible thermal origin of charmonia was initially introduced @xcite to explain the measurement of the j/@xmath1/hadron ratio in nuclear collisions . \n because of their large mass and small production cross section at thermal energies charm quarks are , however , not likely to be...
[ { "content": "interdisciplinary efforts in network science have considerably deepened our understanding about the structure and dynamics of the society @xcite . \n this active development of the field is largely attributed to the huge amount of digital information that has become available due to rapid developm...
[ { "content": "a popular scenario to explain the complex physics of the high - temperature superconductors is based on the idea that the ground state of these materials exhibits some form of charge ordering tendency ( charge stripes , checkerboard order , etc . ) \n @xcite , which , in turn , can lead to incomme...
[ { "content": "a variation of a classical external parameter of a quantum system offers a way to manipulate quantum states . almost since the dawn of the quantum theory , it has been recognized that the slow variation of the parameter ensures the adiabatic time evolution , where the quantum state can be pinned t...
[ { "content": "the melting curves of transition metals at pressures up to the megabar region are highly controversial , particularly for b.c.c \n diamond anvil cell ( dac ) measurements find that the melting temperature @xmath3 increases by only a few hundred k over the range 1 - 100 gpa @xcite , while shock ex...
[ { "content": "non - perturbative investigation of the qcd dynamics in the low energy region by means of the effective lagrangian approach has made considerable progress recently . in the very low energy region ( @xmath2 ) the chiral perturbation theory ( @xmath3pt ) @xcite based on the spontaneously broken chir...
[ { "content": "dwarf novae are a subclass of cataclysmic variables undergoing outbursts lasting ( at least ) a few days during which their brightness increases by several magnitudes ( see e.g. * ? ? ? \n * for a review ) . \n these outbursts are widely believed to be due to a thermal / viscous disc instability (...
[ { "content": "linguistic typology aims to distinguish between logically possible languages and actually observed languages . \n a fundamental building block for such an understanding is the _ universal implication _ \n these are short statements that restrict the space of languages in a concrete way ( for insta...
[ { "content": "non - locality is in the heart of quantum world . from bell \n s theorem@xcite , it is understood that no local hidden variable theory could replace quantum theory as a theory of physical world . \n the existence of entangled states in composite quantum systems assures the non - local behavior of ...
[ { "content": "the possibility to describe in terms of hydrodynamic equations the evolution of a system where some physical quantities are not conserved is a challenging problem of non - equilibrium statistical mechanics . \n several questions have to be faced as for example the validity of the underlying ( and ...
[ { "content": "high transverse momentum jets produced in heavy - ion collisions represent a valuable tool for studies of the properties of the hot parton plasma produced in the central rapidity region @xcite . \n this is due to the fact that jets couple to the plasma causing the jet to broaden in momentum space...
[ { "content": "cellular automata ( ca ) has been one of the most studied fields in the research of complex systems . \n various patterns has been generated by choosing the rule tables . \n wolfram@xcite has classified these patterns into four rough categories : class i ( homogeneous ) , class ii ( periodic ) , c...
[ { "content": "squeezing of the radiation field is one of the distinct features of the quantum theory of light @xcite . squeezed states of light , being nonclassical in origin @xcite , have a reduced variance in one of the quadrature components of the electric field . \n it is well known that the resonance fluor...
[ { "content": "one important constraint on the moduli space of vacua of supersymmetric gauge theories @xcite is that the massless fermions in the low energy theory should have the same flavor anomalies as the fundamental fields , i.e.the t hooft consistency conditions should be satisfied @xcite . these condit...
[ { "content": "the existence of coherent superpositions is a fundamental postulate of quantum mechanics but , apparently , implies very counterintuitive consequences when extended to macroscopic systems . \n this problem , already pointed out since the beginning of quantum theory through the famous schrdinger ca...
[ { "content": "synchronization in the sense of coordinated behavior in time is essential for any efficient organization of systems , natural as well as artificial ones . in artificial systems like factories the sequence of production processes \n should be synchronized in a way that time - and space consuming st...
[ { "content": "massive ob stars play an important role in astrophysics ; their winds and ejecta shape the morphology and ionization structure of their local environment , and provide a source of heavy elements which serve as the building blocks of planetary systems . \n b[e ] stars comprise a heterogeneous group...
[ { "content": "aside from being the major constituent of the outer crust of the earth , oxides are of considerable interest for their wide applications in various technological fields such as electrochemistry , catalysis or microelectronics.@xcite . \n they present very diverse electronic ground states which ran...
[ { "content": "for an analytical investigation the motion of the vortex is commonly described employing the thiele equation.@xcite this equation is exact for the steady state motion of a non - deformable magnetization pattern . however \n , this assumption holds true only for the small vortex core . due to the s...
[ { "content": "the history of the star formation rate in galaxies is one of the main ingredients required to understand their formation and evolution . whilst the roberts time scale for gas consumption by star formation gives a rough idea of the evolution of the stellar and gas content , more elaborate models ( ...
[ { "content": "lattice qcd has established the existence of a transition from hadron gas to a new state of strongly interacting matter where quarks and gluons are no longer confined inside hadrons and which is usually called the quark gluon plasma @xcite . \n the nature of this transition depends on the quark co...
[ { "content": "four dimensional @xmath0 gauged supergravity coupled to @xmath1-vector multiplets admits regular , static , bps black holes which are asympotic to @xmath3 . for very particular choices of prepotential , \n gauging parameters and background charges , there exists a remarkable analytic solution @xci...
[ { "content": "for 32 edge - on spiral galaxies , spanning hubble type and mass , we fit the edge - on infinite disk model by @xcite on the irac mocaics : @xmath0 . \n we applied stellar dominated 3.6 and 4.5 @xmath1 m channels and the pah emission at 8.0 @xmath1 m , with the stellar contribution subtracted ( us...
[ { "content": "the interaction of oxygen with silver surfaces has been intensively studied because of the key role of silver in many important industrial oxidation reactions such as , for example , partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde or ethylene epoxidation.@xcite these reactions occur very efficiently...
[ { "content": "for a family @xmath8 of @xmath9-graphs , let @xmath10 denote the maximum number of edges in an @xmath3-vertex @xmath9-graph which contains no member of @xmath8 . determining @xmath10 is a fundamental question in graph theory which becomes extremely difficult when @xmath11 . \n let @xmath12 and cal...