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[ { "content": "the evolution of galaxies is a complex process involving angular momentum redistribution , star formation , chemical evolution , feedback and numerous merging events . understanding how and why galaxies have the properties we observe is further complicated by the fact that observations are limited...
[ { "content": "properties of finite - dimensional spin glasses are still under debate although the problem is essentially settled for the mean - field model @xcite . \n outstanding problems for finite - dimensional spin glasses include the existence or absence of spin glass phase and whether or not the mean - fi...
[ { "content": "hierarchical clustering scenarios suggest that present day galaxies assembled from much smaller building blocks during the course of their evolution ( e.g. , peebles 1993 ) . \n recent deep surveys have found small dwarf galaxies ( i.e. , building blocks ) at @xmath5 ( e.g. , pascarelle , windhors...
[ { "content": "besides their classical and traditional applications in signal processing and communications @xcite ( cf . also further references in @xcite ) and speech recognition @xcite , hidden markov models have recently become indispensable in computational biology and bioinformatics @xcite as well as in na...
[ { "content": "since the birth of modern cosmology the theoretical framework used to describe the evolution of the observed universe has been based on the einstein equations applied to a perfectly homogeneous and isotropic model filled with various types of fluid components . \n it is universally believed , sinc...
[ { "content": "statistical inference is the task of computing marginals ( or expectation values ) of complex multi - variate distributions . _ \n belief propagation _ ( bp ) is a generic method for accomplishing this task quickly but approximately , when the multivariate distribution factorizes according to a sp...
[ { "content": "significant numbers of massive galaxies have been identified in the near - infrared with colors so red that they are not found in surveys that select galaxies at visual wavelengths . \n such objects have been named _ extremely red objects _ ( eros ) . with surface densities similar to that of brig...
[ { "content": "statistical behavior of the foreign exchange ( fx ) markets and price fluctuations in currency have been the subject of studies in recent years @xcite , @xcite . the high - frequency data for financial markets has made it possible to investigate market dynamics on timescales as short as 1 min , a ...
[ { "content": "one of the main goals of nuclear physics is to understand to what extent a nucleus differs from a loosely bound system of quasi - independent nucleons . \n when nucleons are very close spatially , corresponding to rare high momentum components of the single particle wave function , many interestin...
[ { "content": "we begin with a brief description of weighted projective lines and their categories of coherent sheaves . \n let @xmath0 be an algebraically closed field , let @xmath1 be the projective line over @xmath0 , let @xmath2 be a ( possibly empty ) collection of distinct closed points of @xmath1 , and le...
[ { "content": "according to the models of explosive nucleosynthesis , much of the iron comes from type ia supernovae , while @xmath4 elements such as o and mg come from type ii supernovae . because the difference in lifetime of the progenitors , it is generally considered that the iron enrichment delays relative...
[ { "content": "the study of the internal dynamics of stellar systems plays an essential role in astronomy . from the observed positions and velocities of the stars in galaxies and globular clusters it is possible to infer their total ( dark+luminous ) mass distribution , which , in particular , provides informat...
[ { "content": "it is an honor , of course , but also a pleasure for me to join in this celebration of murray gell - mann s sixtieth birthday and to address such a distinguished audience . \n murray was my teacher and more recently we have worked together in the search for a quantum framework within which to erec...
[ { "content": "henkin was an extraordinary insightful professor with a talent for exposition , and he devoted considerable effort to writing expository papers . \n i will mention three of them , while trying to convince you to read them with your students as a source of mutual inspiration . \n this is the title ...
[ { "content": "suppose we have a numerical model , @xmath0 , for a dynamical process : @xmath1 where @xmath2 is the state at time indexed by @xmath3 . \n then it is almost certain that such a numerical model @xmath0 will contain errors . \n a large amount of uncertainty quantification has revolved around providi...
[ { "content": "ever since the realization @xcite , shortly after the discovery of the heterotic string @xcite , that it provides a promising venue wherein the standard model may be embedded , string phenomenology was born . \n indeed , the @xmath0 gauge group of the heterotic string encompasses a natural gauge u...
[ { "content": "rotational bands and deformed shapes in @xmath5ar . \n energies of the g.s . \n ( spherical shape ) and sd bands @xcite ( ellipsoidal shape ) , and the energies of hd band from the quasimolecular resonances observed in the @xmath2c+@xmath1 mg ( open rectangles ) and @xmath6o+@xmath7ne ( full rect...
[ { "content": "narrow line active galactic nuclei form a distinct class of agn on the basis of the properties of their optical / uv spectrum : full width at half maximum ( fwhm ) of the hydrogen lines and other lines in the range 500 - 2000 km s@xmath7 , intense high ionization lines , and intense feii multiplet...
[ { "content": "reference frames are one of the most basic notions in physics . almost every time a measurement is performed or a formula is written down , a reference frame has been implicitly used . \n the choice of reference frame can either be thought of as abstract labelling of space - time , or a descriptio...
[ { "content": "galaxy - galaxy lensing uses the distortions of background galaxies to study the mass distribution around foreground galaxies . in a typical lens situation , \n the shear from a foreground lens is only weak . \n therefore , galaxy - galaxy lensing can only study dark matter halos of galaxies stati...
[ { "content": "supermassive black holes ( smbhs ; @xmath1 ) are inferred to reside in most galactic nuclei @xcite . when efficiently supplied with gas \n , these objects can produce some of the most luminous sources in the universe @xcite . \n recent panchromatic surveys have shown that close dual agn are compar...
[ { "content": "the discovery of topologically non - trivial states of matter opens up a new realm of knowledge for fundamental condensed matter physics . unlike conventional materials , these topological insulators \" exhibit metallic surface states that are protected by time reversal symmetry , while maintaini...
[ { "content": "ognitive radio ( cr ) , since the name was coined by mitola in his seminal work @xcite , has drawn intensive attentions from both academic ( see , e.g. , @xcite and references therein ) and industrial ( see , e.g. , @xcite and references therein ) communities ; and to date , many interesting and i...
[ { "content": "it has been argued that strange quark matter , consisting of @xmath4- , @xmath5- and @xmath6-quarks , is energetically the most favorable state of quark matter @xcite . \n @xcite suggested that there are two ways to form strange quark matter : the quark - hadron phase transition in the early univ...
[ { "content": "prediction of the critical behavior of modified spin models in the presence of site or bond dilution , random bonds , random fields has been the subject of many studies in the last decades ; this modification brings about considerable changes in the critical behavior of these systems , such as rep...
[ { "content": "the double layered cmr manganite materials , la@xmath4sr@xmath5mn@xmath0o@xmath1 @xcite , demonstrate magnetic behaviour that is distinct from the perovskite manganites , la@xmath6sr@xmath7mno@xmath8 , including : ( i ) strong anisotropy of electrical ( magneto- ) transport @xcite ; ( ii ) nearly ...
[ { "content": "at present the top quark has not yet been conclusively discovered at the fermilab tevatron , even though there are events which look similar to those expected from top quark decays . \n the experimental situation is presently confusing because both the cdf @xcite and d0 @xcite collaborations only ...
[ { "content": "the virgo cluster , at a distance of approximately @xmath1 mpc , is the nearest richly - populated cluster of galaxies and , consequently , one of the best studied . \n a number of authors have pointed out that virgo s brightest elliptical galaxies have a remarkably linear arrangement , along a pr...
[ { "content": "the solar neutrino problem , the fact that the detected neutrino flux from the sun is less than the predicted flux , has been known for decades since the pioneering work of r. davis in the homestake mine @xcite . since then , substantial progress has been made . \n the kamiokande collaboration con...
[ { "content": "principal component analysis ( pca ) is a well - known technique initially designed to reduce the dimensionality of a typically huge data set while keeping most of its variance @xcite . \n pca is intimately related to the singular value decomposition ( svd ) since the principal components of a dat...
[ { "content": "considerable theoretical and observational interest has in recent years been focused on asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stars but much remains mysterious about them . \n the agb phase is enjoyed by low and intermediate mass stars ( approximate mass range 0.8 to 8m@xmath3 ) . \n it is in this phase...
[ { "content": "the discovery @xcite that many galaxy clusters are also strong sources of x - rays opened a new window on cosmology which has proved fruitful for nearly three decades . \n subsequent investigations ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) determined that this emission originates in a hot ( @xmath7 )...
[ { "content": "the emerging field of cold molecules is a very vibrant topic in physics and physical chemistry . \n the considerable interest in this topic is related to the properties of cold molecules and their many potential applications . \n cold molecules have been identified as attractive systems for ultrah...
[ { "content": "methods for preparation and manipulation of nonclassical states of light have become an important research area in quantum optics @xcite , especially in relation to possible optical implementations of quantum computers and systems for quantum communication and quantum cryptography @xcite . among v...
[ { "content": "recently , the physical meaning of the two parameters in static vacuum hypercylindrical solutions in five dimensions @xcite was correctly interpreted in ref . @xcite . in the analogy of weak field solutions for a cylindrical matter source distributed along the fifth direction \n uniformly , the ...
[ { "content": "low - dimensional time - discrete maps are among the most important models for exploring different aspects of chaos . \n these systems display a very rich dynamical behavior but are still very amenable to straightforward computer simulations . \n even more , in some cases rigorous analytical solut...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement can be affected by a range of noise sources , both quantum and classical in nature . \n noise can give rise to a loss of entanglement over a broad range of quantum states . \n recently , the relationship between dephasing - decoherence and bipartite entanglement reduction unde...
[ { "content": "polymers are repetitive chains of elementary blocks called monomers ( or monomer units ) . \n copolymers are inhomogeneous polymers , in the sense that each monomer unit carries a charge , and the charge is distributed along the chain in a _ disordered _ way . \n it is well known that when the med...
[ { "content": "observational effects caused by primordial molecules seem to be most promising in investigating dark ages epoch of the universe . \n the basic properties of the molecules are discrete narrow energy levels and high efficiency of their interaction with cmbr . \n this leads to forming ssf if proto - ...
[ { "content": "lattice solitons are a topic of great interest to ongoing studies of nonlinear dynamics in photonic media and becs ( bose - einstein condensates ) @xcite . \n these localized modes are produced by the interplay of the intrinsic nonlinearity of the medium with an effective periodic potential induce...
[ { "content": "the object catalogued as sdss j123813.73 - 033933.0 ( hereafter sdss1238 ) was identified with a faint ( @xmath2 mag ) short - period cataclysmic variable ( cv ) by @xcite . \n the optical spectrum of sdss1238 shows a blue continuum with broad absorption features originating in the photosphere o...
[ { "content": "optical microcavities such as photonic crystal nanocavities @xcite , microring resonators @xcite , toroidal microcavities @xcite and crystalline whispering gallery mode ( wgm ) cavities @xcite are attractive platforms for studying the optical linear and nonlinear properties of light @xcite . \n th...
[ { "content": "galois groups are not only symmetry groups of field extensions , they are also symmetry groups in enumerative geometry . this second point was made by jordan in 1870 @xcite who studied some classical problems in enumerative geometry , showing that several had galois groups which were not the full...
[ { "content": "numerous processes in meson physics are related to the adler - bell - jackiw ( abj ) axial anomaly @xcite appearing in the fermion loops connecting certain number of axial ( a ) and vector ( v ) vertices . concretely , in this paper we will deal with the processes related to the avv ( triangle \"...
[ { "content": "the magnetocaloric effect ( mce ) , which is characterized by an isothermal change of the entropy or an adiabatic change of the temperature upon magnetic - field variation , enjoys a great scientific interest mainly because of its immense application potential @xcite . besides a conventional mce ...
[ { "content": "gas giant planets form in gaseous disks surrounding newly born stars . \n as planets form in disks , their gravity perturbs the surrounding material and produces structures such as spiral density waves and gaps ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n these planet - induced structures are detectable in high angular re...
[ { "content": "quenched disorder is obiquitous in condensed - matter systems , sometimes determining entirely new physical properties and phenomena . for the theoretical explanation of many experimental findings , \n models of classical and quantum spin systems are employed and - typically - disorder is introduc...
[ { "content": "an important question on complex quantum systems , which remains open to a large extent , addresses the conditions to have robust efficient transport of excitations across a disordered finite network @xcite . whereas it is well known how to define a hamiltonian system where perfect transport is o...
[ { "content": "quantum monte carlo simulation , an undeniably useful tool in addressing a number of issues in quantum many - body physics , can not be used to simulate real - time dynamics . by means of analytic continuation to euclidean time @xmath3 ( @xmath5 ) , however , the schrdinger equation turns into a d...
[ { "content": "in the last 20 years , great progress has been made in the study of a new branch of nuclear physics , i.e , the isospin nuclear physics @xcite . \n theoretical studies have shown that , within the parabolic approximation , the energy per particle in asymmetric nuclear matter can be approximately e...
[ { "content": "decades after the discovery of dark matter around spiral galaxies little is known about dark matter in early - type galaxies . \n mass tracers at large radii ( such as stellar kinematics , kinematics of globular clusters and of planetary nebulae , and x - ray halos ) generally indicate that a cons...
[ { "content": "recently , several restricted models of quantum computation have been investigated that seem to lie between classical and quantum , in terms of their computational complexity . while unlikely to be universal for quantum computation , these models seem to have some nontrivial computational power , ...
[ { "content": "the statistical properties of quantum system attract considerable attention in the broad field of modern physics ranging from nuclear , atomic and molecular physics to condensed matter and quantum computing . of a special interest \n is the properties specifying the quantum chaos border for a syst...
[ { "content": "estimating accurate masses of self - gravitating systems , such as star clusters , is of central importance in astronomy . \n most estimates of such masses have been based on radial velocities from a few tracers of the system . \n however , the advent of the next generation telescopes , proper mot...
[ { "content": "the main injector particle production experiment ( fnal e-907 , mipp ) @xcite is situated in the meson center beamline at fermilab . \n it received its approval @xcite in november 2001 and has installed both the experiment and a newly designed secondary beamline in the interim . \n it received i...
[ { "content": "bekenstein - hawking entropy @xmath0 has been derived from different points of view @xcite . \n but if it is considered thermal with a microscopic description , according to the statistical foundations of entropy , perhaps the most promising and appropriate formalism to explain @xmath0 is the enta...
[ { "content": "the cross sections for producing lepton pairs by drell - yan ( dy ) process have been proven to still fulfill the factorization property and are finite to first orders in perturbation theory at sufficiently large transverse momenta , @xmath1 . on the other hand , there is an extensive program of r...
[ { "content": "the extragalactic background light ( ebl ) supplies opacity for propagating high energy gev - tev photons via an electron - positron pair production ( @xmath7 ) @xcite . determining the transparency of the universe is of fundamental importance for a wide variety of current observatories such as th...
[ { "content": "highly relativistic motion , essential to overcome the compactness problem @xcite , is a basic ingredient of all grb models . \n the value of the bulk lorentz factor , @xmath1 , of the relativistic outflow is of outmost interest . \n it is essential for understanding the nature of the inner engine...
[ { "content": "the astrophysical rapid neutron - capture process ( r - process ) has been recognized for a long time as the scenario responsible for the synthesis of approximately half of the nuclear species in nature , which are more massive than fe @xcite . \n it requires environments with a high neutron densi...
[ { "content": "the motivation of this paper is to enrich the class of _ non - elementary amenable _ groups . \n a group @xmath0 is amenable if there exists a finitely additive translation invariant probability measure on all subsets of @xmath0 . \n this definition was given by john von neumann , @xcite , in a re...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , @xcite and @xcite we carried out a program to generalize l.c . \n siebenmann s famous manifold collaring theorem @xcite in ways applicable to manifolds with non - stable fundamental group at infinity . \n motivated by some important examples of finite - dimensional manifolds and a sem...
[ { "content": "-reinforcing brakes are a subject of intensive investigation during last years . \n working principle of such brakes is to use the wheelset s inertia momentum of a vehicle as the source of power for braking . \n one major advantage of self - reinforcing brakes is the energy consumption decrease wh...
[ { "content": "the presence of a supermassive compact object , presumably a black hole , at the center of the dwarf elliptical galaxy m32 has been suspected for some time ( @xcite ) . \n the evidence consists of rapid rotation of the stars near the center of m32 and a central peak in the stellar velocity dispers...
[ { "content": "the mechanism called _ bulk - mediated surface diffusion _ typically arises at interfaces separating a liquid bulk phase and a second phase which may be either solid , liquid , or gaseous . \n whenever the adsorbed species is soluble in the liquid bulk , adsorption - desorption processes occur con...
[ { "content": "the kuiper belt has a complex orbital structure and can be divided in multiple sub - populations ( see gladman et al . , 2008 for a review ) . among them \n are the cold and the hot populations , which are defined as the collections of objects inwards of the 1/2 resonance with neptune ( @xmath1 a...
[ { "content": "* time resolved photoluminescence of a - exciton . * ( a ) laser pulse ( blue line ) and pl emission ( black line ) intensity at t = 4 k detected at maximum of a - exciton \n pl e@xmath1 ev as a function of time . \n inset : chiral optical selection rules in 1ml mos@xmath0 ( b ) t=4k , e@xmath2 ...
[ { "content": "among many absorption features in spectra of cool stars , tio molecular absorptions are be recognized as an indicator of basic stellar parameters mainly in two type of stars , cool pulsating giants and super giants and chromospheric active stars which tio absorption can be used as a starspot indic...
[ { "content": "start with four mutually tangent circles , one of them internally tangent to the other three as in fig . \n [ circles ] . \n one can inscribe into each of the curvilinear triangles in this picture a unique circle ( the uniqueness follows from an old theorem of apollonius of perga circa 200 bc ) . ...
[ { "content": "the dynamics of particles of finite inertia suspended in turbulent flows is a fundamental problem with applications ranging from industrial processes ( e.g. spray combustion engines ) to geophysical flows ( e.g. , atmospheric clouds ) . \n the interaction between turbulence and particles has been ...
[ { "content": "effects of ferromagnetism have been known since antiquity . but a mathematical understanding of the microscopic origin of ferromagnetism has remained somewhat elusive , until today ! pauli paramagnetism , ferro- , ferri- and antiferromagnetism are quantum phenomena connected to the spin of electro...
[ { "content": "decision - making is an important issue in many fields such as signal detection , psychology , radiology , and medicine . \n for example , preoperative diagnostic tests are medically necessary and implemented in clinical preventive medicine to determine those patients for whom surgery is beneficia...
[ { "content": "the groundbreaking achievements in experiments with ultracold fermi gases @xcite have opened up unprecedented possibilities to study new regimes of strongly interacting quantum matter . \n ultracold gases represent well - controllable model systems for the exploration of many - body regimes in a w...
[ { "content": "celestial bodies and dust particles migrate to near - earth space from different regions of the solar system ( from the main asteroid and edgeworth - kuiper belts , the oort and hills clouds , etc . ) . some scientists ( farinella et al . \n 1993 ; bottke et al . \n 2002 ) considered that most nea...
[ { "content": "the idea of _ internet - of - things _ ( iot ) originated from an internet - connected coke machine at carnegie mellon university in the 1980 s and took over in the late 1990 s with the vision of networking everyday objects so as to automate our societies and daily lives . in the past decades \n ,...
[ { "content": "dealing with quantum vacuum whose ` microscopic ' physics is still unknown the high - energy , general - relativity and condensed - matter communities use different experience developed in working in each of those fields @xcite . in condensed matter there is a rather general class of fermionic sys...
[ { "content": ", title=\"fig:\",width=192 ] , title=\"fig:\",width=192 ] during recent years many ob stars have been discovered to be binary systems . \n non - thermal radio emission is observed to be produced by some of these binary stars . \n the non - thermal emissivity is thought to be due to synchrotron ...
[ { "content": "capillarity is one of the most interesting subjects to teach in condensed matter physics , as its detailed understanding involves three otherwise separated domains : macroscopic thermodynamics@xcite , fluid mechanics and statistical physics@xcite . \n the microscopic origin of surface tension lies...
[ { "content": "the phenomenon of electric conduction in metals and semiconductors has been a prominent research topic ever since the early days of solid - state physics . \n the idea that electric currents flowing inside solid materials are effected by the transport of `` small '' charged particles ( `` charge c...
[ { "content": "the exploration of underlying mechanism for anomalous and normal heat conduction in low dimensional systems represents a huge challenge in the area of statistical physics @xcite . after enormous efforts for more than one decade from numerical simulations@xcite , theoretical predictions@xcite and ...
[ { "content": "blue compact dwarf galaxies ( hereafter , bcds ) have emerged as a particularly intriguing subset of dwarf galaxies that have been studied in the local universe ( z@xmath50.05 ) . since the early studies and characterizations by @xcite and @xcite , many investigations have classified bcds as syste...
[ { "content": "we consider a tournament among players @xmath0 , in which each match involves two players . the tournament is assumed to be of knockout type in that the losers of matches are eliminated and do not move on to the next round , and the tournament continues until all but one player is eliminated , wit...
[ { "content": "the philosophy derived from the principle o__f _ _ relativity , according to which the laws o__f _ _ physical phenomena must be the same for a `` stationary '' inertial observer as for one that is in uniform relative motion with the `` stationary '' inertial observer , states that there exists no ...
[ { "content": "two non - orthogonal quantum states can not be discriminated with certainty , while the discrimination error can be made smaller as their copies are provided . \n this leads to one of the well - known no - go theorems , that quantum states can not be copied with certainty @xcite , although approxi...
[ { "content": "optimization and ( feedback ) control of dynamical systems is often computationally infeasible for high dimensional plant models . \n therefore , one tries to reduce the order of the system , so that the input - output mapping is still computable with sufficient accuracy , but at considerably smal...
[ { "content": "the structure and success of general relativity have lead us to the believe that the spin-2 graviton field mediates quantum gravitational interactions ; but to date this believe has eluded experimental detection . furthermore , the quantum limit of general relativity fails to renormalize properly ...
[ { "content": "a single polymer molecule can transition between elongated coil and compact globule states upon changing the temperature , ph of salts or addition of other polymer molecules . in general , the extended ( coil ) state of a long polymer \n is stabilized when the interaction between the polymer segme...
[ { "content": "developing a deeper understanding of active matter @xcite has been the major focus of a considerable amount of theoretical work over the last decades @xcite . in recent years \n , kinetic theory has gained considerable popularity to assess the ordering behavior in systems of actively propelled par...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement has been extensively studied , both due to its fundamental significance in quantum theory @xcite and its utility as a resource for quantum communication and quantum information processing @xcite . \n atomic physics offers a domain with sufficient control of the system and isol...
[ { "content": "[ horolimdefn ] let @xmath0 be a locally symmetric space of noncompact type ( with universal cover @xmath1 ) , and let @xmath5 . \n a point @xmath2 on the visual boundary of @xmath1 is a _ horospherical limit point _ for @xmath3 if every horoball based at @xmath2 intersects the orbit @xmath6 ...
[ { "content": "the correlation found between spiral arm pitch angle and rotation curve shear rate ( seigar , block & puerari 2004 ; seigar et al . \n 2005 ) suggests that there is a link between the tightness of spiral structure and the central mass concentration in spiral galaxies . \n the shear rate , @xmath8 ...
[ { "content": "the last few years have settled the debate about the origin of long gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) . \n the hint provided by grb980425 and sn1998bw @xcite was finally taken when the spectroscopic follow - up of the afterglow of grb030329 revealed the unambiguous signatures of a very energetic superno...
[ { "content": "a complementary astrophysical data from type ia supernova , large scale structure ( lss ) and cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) indicate that our universe is currently undergoing a phase of accelerating @xcite . \n a component which is responsible for this accelerated expansion is usually dubbed...
[ { "content": "after the discovery @xcite of @xmath10 followed by the other experiments @xcite , identifying the properties of the particle is one of the central problems in hadron physics . while the isospin of @xmath11 is likely to be zero @xcite , the spin and the parity and the origin of its tiny width st...
[ { "content": "kastan & alon @xcite identify and describe the configurations of relatively simple and small subnetworks that occur more frequently in biological networks than would be the case if the network were random . \n they refer to these subnetworks as _ \n network motifs_. later , in his 2007 book on sy...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a real - valued lvy process , and let @xmath1 be the epochs of an independent poisson process with intensity @xmath2 ; add @xmath3 . \n the probability law corresponding to @xmath4 started at @xmath5 will be denoted by @xmath6 ( with @xmath7 denoting the expectation ) . when @xmath...
[ { "content": "with gpu hardware and the corresponding software environments becoming mature , compute clusters with gpu - accelerated nodes establish as a new , powerful platform for high - performance computing ( hpc ) . \n mainly motivated by the expected boost for application performance ( i.e. reducing `` ...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum information processing ( qip ) protocols [ 1 - 4 ] . \n information processing involving multi - particle states requires entangled channels which can process the information from one remote location to another with reliability . \n experimental r...
[ { "content": "although the nature of the superconducting pair wave function in high -@xmath7 cuprates is not yet known strong evidences of a major @xmath8 symmetry exists @xcite . \n experiments sensitive to the internal phase structure of the pair wave function reported a sign reversal of the order parameter s...
[ { "content": "ventricular arrhythmia is the leading cause of cardiac arrest and sudden death . \n clinical observations and implantable cardioverter defibrillators have accumulated a substantial amount of data on the occurrences of ventricular arrhythmia in patients [ 1 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 52 , 59 - 61 ] . \n temp...