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[ { "content": "the discovery of high - energy @xmath0-radiation from extragalactic compact objects has motivated many authors to consider the effects of @xmath0-ray absorption by @xmath0-@xmath0 pair production , eventually inducing pair cascades . \n the relevance of @xmath0-@xmath0 pair production to astrophys...
[ { "content": "the understanding of irreversible phenomena including nonequilibrium ( ne ) steady state is a long - standing problem of quantum statistical mechanics . with the recent experimental developments , it is now possible to measure the transport properties through nanoscale systems \n . these can be ei...
[ { "content": "electron scattering from nuclei is a common and powerful tool for studying the structure of nuclei . \n the method relies on our superior understanding of quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) and the relative ease by which qed may be applied to a variety of processes , at least in the one - photon - ex...
[ { "content": "debris disk systems provide a look at an intermediate stage of stellar system evolution . \n they represent the transition between the early formation of stars and planets in a primordial protoplanetary disk as seen toward pre - main sequence stars , and the mature stage of an evolved system , lik...
[ { "content": "energy waste is a severe bottleneck in the supply of sustainable energy to any modern economy . \n besides developing new energy sources , the global energy crisis can be alleviated by re - utilizing the wasted energy . in view of the fact that about 90% of the world s \n energy utilization occurs...
[ { "content": "the recent measurements of the vector charmonium radiative decays to light pseudoscalars , i.e. @xmath0 , @xmath1 and @xmath13 , @xmath14 and @xmath15 , have brought surprises and interests to us . \n earlier , the cleo collaboration @xcite renewed the branching ratios for @xmath16 , @xmath17 , @...
[ { "content": "it has long been known that phase transitions are uncommon in one - dimensional classical statistical mechanics . \n an old argument by peierls shows that in models at non - zero temperature with local interactions and a finite number of degrees of freedom , order is not possible : the entropy gai...
[ { "content": "lynds 988e ( l988e = iras 21023 + 5002 ) was identified as one of six iras point sources ( l988a - f ) observed toward the l988 dark cloud , which is located on the edge of the cygnus ob7 molecular cloud association @xcite and which contains several bright , pre - main sequence objects . \n bipola...
[ { "content": "epidemic models are classically phrased in ordinary differential equation ( ode ) systems for the host population divided in classes of susceptible individuals and infected ones ( sis system ) , or in addition , a class of recovered individuals due to immunity after an infection to the respective ...
[ { "content": "for its remarkable high tensile strength and ductility @xcite , mg - based long - period stacking ordered ( lpso ) structures are considered as light - weight structural alloy for next generation . in order to clarify relationship between thier formation process and resultant properties in terms ...
[ { "content": "it has been known for some time that in the limit of arbitrarily large heavy quark masses that qcd has a symmetry which relates hadrons with two heavy quarks ( anti - quarks ) to analogous states with one heavy anti - quark ( quark ) @xcite . \n we will refer to this symmetry as the doubly heavy d...
[ { "content": "supernova sn 1993j in m81 discovered by francisco garca of lugo , spain ( @xcite ) is a type iib supernova ( sn ) whose red giant progenitor probably had a mass of 12 - 16 while on the main sequence ; at the time of the explosion , 3 - 5 likely remained in the he core and @xmath01 in the he / h e...
[ { "content": "entanglement is a key quantum resource for quantum information processing and it plays a critical role in many important applications in quantum communication , such as quantum key distribution @xcite , quantum dense coding @xcite , quantum teleportation @xcite , and entanglement swapping @xcite ....
[ { "content": "stochastic processes made their appearance in research in physics long time ago and their theory has played an important role in the description of systems which do not behave in a deterministic manner @xcite . in particular , the study of the dynamics of particles lying inside material media has ...
[ { "content": "classical novae are rather frequently observed in our galaxy ( liller & mayer 1987 , shafter 1997 ) , and have also been studied in external galaxies ; typically @xmath2 34 per year are detected in our galaxy ( duerbeck 1995 , warner 1995 ) . \n most of the discoveries and observations of galactic...
[ { "content": "we congratulate marek jeabek for organizing an excellent conference . we thank maria krawczyk for several useful discussions . \n this research was partially supported by the polish state committee for scientific research grants 2 p03b 184 10 , 2 p03b 89 13 and by the eu fourth framework programme...
[ { "content": "over the course of the last decade , network science has attracted an ever growing interest since it provides important insights on a large class of interacting complex systems . \n one of the features that has drawn much attention is the structure of interactions highlighted by the network repres...
[ { "content": "in the last few years , several studies have established the existence of a statistical excess of line - of - sight companion galaxies around high redshift quasars . although it has been suggested that these objects belong to clusters or groups which are physically associated to the quasars ( @xci...
[ { "content": "the higgs mechanism is an essential part of the present day formulation of the standard model . \n the u(1 ) gauge model coupled to scalars is a simplification of the gauge \n higgs sector of the sm , which keeps the unsolved problem of defining non perturbatively a non asymptotically free field ...
[ { "content": "the arecibo l - band feed array zone of avoidance ( alfa zoa ) survey searches for 21-cm line emission from neutral hydrogen ( h ) in galaxies behind the disk of the milky way . \n the survey uses the alfa receiver on the 305-m arecibo radio telescope . \n this region of the sky is termed the zone...
[ { "content": "itamp is supported in part by a grant from the nsf to the smithsonian institution and harvard university . \n vmm and glk were partially supported by faperj ( proceess nos . \n e26/170.132 and 170.409/2004 ) and by the russian foundation for basic research ( grant no . \n 050818119a ) . \n harber ...
[ { "content": "two - dimensional ( 2d ) electron systems have been a fertile source of interesting physics over the past few decades , playing host to the fractional and integer quantum hall effects and cuprate superconductivity among other phenomena . \n the most widely studied and most thoroughly understood 2d...
[ { "content": "regular arrays of ultracold neutral atoms @xcite are a versatile tool for the quantum simulation @xcite of many - body physics @xcite . \n recent experimental progress allows one to control and observe atoms with single - site resolution @xcite which makes dynamical phenomena experimentally ac...
[ { "content": "planck scale physics is an unknown frontier where gravitational and quantum effects are closely entwined . at this scale \n , it might occur that lorentz covariance is jeopardized . \n such kind of idea has caught much attention mainly after some authors argued the possibility of lorentz and cpt ...
[ { "content": "multiple sequence alignment ( msa ) is one of the most fundamental tasks in bioinformatics . \n while there are many attempts to handle comparative sequence analyses without relying on msa , it still represents a starting point for most evolutionary biology methods . \n pairwise sequence alignment...
[ { "content": "the motivation for this paper stems from an important , but seemingly forgotten 1982 report by prof . \n marshall p. tulin presented during the @xmath0 symposium on naval hydrodynamics , titled _ an exact theory of gravity wave generation by moving bodies , its approximation and its implications ...
[ { "content": "cosmic rays ( crs ) below the knee \" in the galaxy are commonly believed to be accelerated at the shock of supernova remnants ( snrs ) . however \n , whether the @xmath0-rays from snrs are of hadronic or leptonic origin is still in hot debate . \n although evidences for @xmath0-ray emission aris...
[ { "content": "jet observables , event shapes and jet rates , revealed themselves as one of the richest laboratories to explore qcd . \n being infrared and collinear safe ( irc ) , they can be predicted with perturbative ( pt ) techniques , but their high sensitivity to low energy emissions allows us to investig...
[ { "content": "the supermassive black - hole in the center of the milky way , located in the radio source sgr a * , is one of the most interesting astronomical objects : see ref . \n @xcite for an extensive review . \n it is now in a state of relative inactivity @xcite but there is no good reason for it to be ...
[ { "content": "structure growth via mergers is one of the main predictions of cdm type cosmologies . \n however , what is predicted is the merger rates of dark matter halos , which are not directly observable . \n using dark matter halo merger rates to predict galaxy merger rates requires a theory of galaxy form...
[ { "content": "transport of molecules across cell membranes is an essential mechanism for life processes . \n these molecules are often long and flexible , and the pores in the membranes are too narrow to allow them to pass through as a single unit . in such circumstances , the passage of a molecule through the ...
[ { "content": ") by @xmath119 @xcite . \n the lines represent the numerical results for the delta function ( i.e. , all nodes have same activity potential ) and power - law activity distributions . \n the arrows indicate @xmath74^{-1}$ ] . \n we set @xmath120 and @xmath121.,width=326 ] \n we consider sis dynami...
[ { "content": "gravity is a universal and fundamental force . \n anything which has energy creates gravity and is affected by it , although the smallness of newton s constant @xmath1 often means that the associated classical effects are too weak to be measurable . \n an important prediction of various theories o...
[ { "content": "in recent years , indirect evidence for the presence of convection in sunspot penumbral filaments has been growing ( e.g. , scharmer 2009 ) . \n e.g. , the twisting motion of penumbral filaments is taken as a signature of overturning convection ( ichimoto et al . \n 2007 ; zakharov et al . 2008 ; ...
[ { "content": "the lattice provides a useful tool for studying the gluon propagator because it is a first principles treatment that can , in principle , access any momentum window . \n there is tremendous interest in the infrared behavior of the gluon propagator as a probe into the mechanism of confinement @xci...
[ { "content": "there is strong evidence that most giant elliptical galaxies should possess nuclear supermassive black holes , relics of an earlier quasar phase . \n quasar counts and integrated luminosities suggest masses above @xmath1 @xmath2 . \n given this fact , there is a major puzzle surrounding quiescent...
[ { "content": "gauge / gravity duality has been a very insightful tool used to study many properties of strongly coupled non - abelian plasmas , especially after many indications that the quark - gluon plasma created in heavy ion collisions at the rhic collider is a strongly coupled system @xcite . \n the ads / ...
[ { "content": "one of the most exciting yet observationally challenging scientific objectives of the large area telescope ( lat ) on board the _ fermi gamma - ray space telescope _ \n @xcite , is the indirect detection of particle dark matter @xcite \n . however , limited gamma - ray statistics make diffuse sign...
[ { "content": "in the field of superconductivity , symmetry of the cooper - pair wavefunction in spin- , time- , and orbital - spaces has attracted much attention for the past few decades . within the framework of superconductivity theory developed by bardeen , cooper and schrieffer ( bcs),@xcite it is establish...
[ { "content": "string repetitions called runs and the lempel - ziv factorization are structures that are of a great importance for data compression and play a significant role in stringology . recall that a run of a string is a nonextendable ( with the same minimal period ) substring whose minimal period is at m...
[ { "content": "over the last decade , a great deal of effort has been devoted to show the importance of antiferromagnetic ( af ) dynamical correlations for the physical properties of high-@xmath0 cuprates and consequently for the microscopic mechanism responsible for superconductivity@xcite . to elucidate how th...
[ { "content": "to solve a conformal field theory ( cft ) amounts to finding its spectrum and 3-point correlation functions , since higher point functions may be obtained using the operator product expansion ( ope ) . in the former case \n this means finding the anomalous dimensions of the operators of the theory...
[ { "content": "the standard model ( sm ) had been tested in many experiments at lep , slc and tevatron with a high accuracy . \n in particular , the yield of lepton pairs produced mainly via drell - yan processes , i.e. quark - antiquark annihilation by exchange of photons or z bosons , is predicted by the sm wi...
[ { "content": "there are many problems concerning electronic structure where attention is focussed on a small region of a larger system , at surfaces or defects in crystals being perhaps the most common . \n let us call this region i , figure [ fig:1 ] , and the rest of the system region ii . \n although not of ...
[ { "content": "there is strong observational evidence that active galactic nuclei ( agn ) play an important role in the formation and growth of galaxies ( e.g. @xcite ) . \n most supermassive black hole growth takes place during an obscured quasar phase , as suggested by the integrated energy density of the cosm...
[ { "content": "there is already a considerable but widely varying literature on the application of category theory to the life and cognitive sciences such as the work of robert rosen ( @xcite , @xcite ) and his followers as well as andre ehresmann and jean - paul vanbremeersch @xcite and their commentators . \n...
[ { "content": "multiple astrophysical and cosmological observations have demonstrated that a significant fraction of the matter content of the universe is in the form of new particles not included in the standard model , but belonging to the so - called dark sector ( see @xcite for reviews ) . \n the dark matter...
[ { "content": "there have been many reviews of positron physics over the years @xcite . \n more recently @xcite and @xcite considered the subject with an emphasis on experimental measurements involving noble gas targets . \n the related topic of antihydrogen formation has also been thoroughly reviewed @xcite . ...
[ { "content": "a central goal of the gaia mission is to teach us how the galaxy functions and how it was assembled . \n we can only claim to understand the structure of the galaxy when we have a dynamical model galaxy that reproduces the data . \n therefore the construction of a satisfactory dynamical model is i...
[ { "content": "nearly all gaseous objects that shine are also observed to generate gaseous flows . \n this includes the jets of protostars , the stellar winds of massive o and b stars , the gentle solar wind of our sun , the associated absorption of bright quasars , and the spectacular jets of radio - loud agn ....
[ { "content": "as the most common stellar remnants , white dwarfs ( wd ) provide an invaluable tracer of the early evolution of the galaxy . \n their current density and distribution reflects the disposition of their progenitor main sequence stars and their colors indicate their ages , which are consistent with ...
[ { "content": "the southern ara ob1 association shows evidence of recent star formation that may have been triggered by a supernova event ( herbst & havlen 1977 , hereafter hh77 ; arnal et al . \n the remarkable young stellar cluster ngc 6193 lies near the center of ara ob1 and was first studied optically by whi...
[ { "content": "the first galaxies and their environments differed substantially from those locally , often involving multiple interactions as seen in the _ hst _ ultra deep field ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n compared to all other nearby environments , present - day compact galaxy groups most closely reproduce the intera...
[ { "content": "low surface brightness ( lsb ) spiral galaxies are defined as having central disk surface brightnesses @xmath3 23 mag arcsec@xmath4 , indicating low stellar surface densities . however , despite their faint optical appearances , the majority of lsb spirals show evidence for ongoing star formation...
[ { "content": "the phase diagram structure of spin - glasses remains an open field of inquiry , since most approaches to the problem rely on approximations . any exact analytical result in \n this area is thus very valuable , both for the direct information it provides and as a test for approximation methods . o...
[ { "content": "the arecibo oh megamaser ( ohm ) survey selects candidates from the pscz redshift catalog ( saunders et al . \n 2000 ) with the criteria : ( 1 ) @xmath0 jy , ( 2 ) @xmath1 , and ( 3 ) @xmath2 ( darling & giovanelli 2000 ) . with a detection rate of 1 ohm in 6 candidates , \n the complete survey wi...
[ { "content": "the analysis of dynamic processes taking place in complex networks is a major research area with a wide range of applications in social , biological , and technological systems @xcite . \n the spread of information in online social networks , the evolution of an epidemic outbreak in human contact ...
[ { "content": "cassiopeia a is the brightest shell - type galactic supernova remnant ( snr ) in x - rays and radio , and the youngest snr observed in our galaxy . \n the radius of the approximately spherical shell is @xmath15 , which corresponds to @xmath16 pc for the distance @xmath17 kpc ( reed et al . \n the...
[ { "content": "star and planet formation are connected through disks . \n disk formation , long thought to be a trivial consequence of angular momentum conservation during core collapse and star formation ( e.g. , bodenheimer1995 ) , turned out to be much more complicated than originally envisioned . \n the comp...
[ { "content": "the complexity of a large variety of systems , from infrastructures to the cell , is rooted in a network of interactions between their constituents @xcite . \n quantifying the robustness of complex networks is one of the main challenges of network of networks with implications in fields as differe...
[ { "content": "at the 14th of september 2015 , the advanced ligo detectors registered for the first time a gravitational wave ( * ? ? ? \n * ( abbott 2016 ) ) . \n according to the analysis of the waveform , this wave testified the event of two merging black holes ( bhs ) of @xmath2 and @xmath3 at a distance of ...
[ { "content": "the hall sensor array resides in the center of a printed circuit board ( pcb ) . \n there is a hole in the pcb and the hall sensor is glued directly on a copper plate cold finger , which extends from the dr mixing chamber . \n gold wire bonding connects the sensors and the leads on the pcb . \n al...
[ { "content": "the layered ruthenate - cuprate compound rusr@xmath0gdcu@xmath0o@xmath1 ( ru-1212 ) is a subject of intense interest as a unique model system to study the interplay between superconductivity and ferromagnetism . a ferromagnetic \n ( fm ) moment of the ru - o layers coexists with superconductivity ...
[ { "content": "ram pressure ( and related processes ) by the intracluster medium ( icm ) can remove a galaxy s gas ( gunn & gott 1972 ) . \n this process has been observed in various stages ; for example , vollmer ( 2009 ) separates virgo galaxies into pre - peak , peak , and post - peak ram pressure groups . \n...
[ { "content": "chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) provides a means of implementing , in the most general way , the constraints on low - energy processes of the symmetries of qcd @xcite . \n the effects of resonances , and other heavy degrees of freedom , are encoded in the low - energy constants ( lecs ) which...
[ { "content": "characterizing the thermodynamic properties of matter composed of strongly interacting particles has been the premier objective of heavy ion collision experiments at the relativistic heavy ion collider ( rhic ) at brookhaven and the large hadron collider ( lhc ) at cern @xcite . \n relativistic h...
[ { "content": "dichroism is a well known concept in classical optics where it denotes the property shown by certain materials of having absorption coefficients which depend on the state of polarization of the incident light @xcite . \n this concept has been further extended to the case of atomic or molecular int...
[ { "content": "electronically tuned microwave oscillators are key components used in a wide variety of microwave communications systems @xcite . the phase of the output signal exhibits fluctuations in time about the steady state oscillations giving rise to phase noise a very important characteristic that influen...
[ { "content": "let @xmath2 be independent and identically distributed ( i.i.d . ) @xmath3-variate random vectors generated from the following model : @xmath4 where @xmath5 is a @xmath3-dimensional unknown vector of means , @xmath6 and @xmath7 are i.i.d . \n random vectors with zero mean and common covariance @xm...
[ { "content": "we thank g. kohring , d. stauffer and c. tsallis for interesting discussions . \n this work was performed within the sfb 341 kln \n aachen jlich supported by the dfg . \n [ fig2 ] time - dependence of the activity for @xmath42 and various values of @xmath13 . \n the system size is @xmath72 . c...
[ { "content": "star - formation rates ( sfrs ) are among the most fundamental measurements for constraining the physics of galaxy formation and evolution . \n the past decade has seen a multitude of studies that trace sfrs out to high redshift ( * ? ? ? * and references therein ) , and examined their correlation...
[ { "content": "one long - standing problem in the study of nuclear activity in galaxies is to understand how mass is transferred from galactic scales down to nuclear scales to feed the supermassive black hole ( hereafter smbh ) inside . \n many theoretical studies and simulations ( shlosman et al . 1990 ; emsell...
[ { "content": "recent advances in the controlled fabrication and manipulation of ultra - low temperature trapped bose gases @xcite has finally made it possible to experimentally investigate the existence of off - diagonal long - range order ( odlro ) , i.e. , bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) , in dimensions ...
[ { "content": "according to the braneworld hypothesis , our observable universe can be considered as a three - dimensional space sheet ( a @xmath2-brane ) embedded in a larger spacetime with @xmath3 dimensions ( the bulk ) @xcite . \n brane is a concept inherited from high energy physics and unification models ....
[ { "content": "the strong observational evidence for an accelerating universe @xcite has sparked a widespread search for a dynamical explanation . beyond a bare cosmological constant , \n a plethora of other models have been proposed , with quintessence - a dynamical scalar field that behaves essentially as a m...
[ { "content": "when imperative programmers think of lists , they commonly choose doubly linked lists , instead of the singly linked lists that logic and functional programmers use . in the same way , \n it is extremely common for trees to be given parent links , whether they are really needed or not . \n a typic...
[ { "content": "as hetnet provides flexible and efficient topology to boost spectral efficiency , it has recently aroused immense interest in both academia and industry . as illustrated in fig . \n [ fig : hetnet_2tiers ] , a hetnet consists of a diverse set of regular macro base stations ( bs ) overlaid with low...
[ { "content": "open dielectric resonators have received great attention due to numerous applications @xcite , e.g. , as microlasers @xcite or as sensors @xcite , and as paradigms of open wave - chaotic systems @xcite . \n the size of dielectric microcavities typically ranges from a few to several hundreds of wav...
[ { "content": "the characterization of states and operations at the quantum level plays a leading role in the development of quantum technology . \n a state reconstruction technique is a method that provides the complete description of a physical system upon the measurements of an observable or a set of observab...
[ { "content": "cosmological general relativity ( cgr ) is a 5-d time - space - velocity theory@xcite of the cosmos , for one dimension of cosmic time , three of space and one of the universe expansion velocity . \n cosmic time is taken to increase from the present epoch @xmath32 toward the big bang time @xmath33...
[ { "content": "since quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) was established as the fundamental theory of strong interaction @xcite , it has been an important problem in theoretical physics to clarify color confinement and spontaneous chiral - symmetry breaking @xcite . \n however , in spite of many and various studies ,...
[ { "content": "the thermal spectra of neutron stars during thermonuclear x - ray bursts have been used during the last three decades in numerous attempts to measure the neutron - star masses and radii ( e.g. , van paradijs 1978 , 1979 ; foster , fabian & ross 1986 ; sztajno et al . \n 1987 ; van paradijs & lewin...
[ { "content": "the x - ray emission from normal elliptical galaxies has two major components : soft ( @xmath0 kev ) emission from diffuse gas and harder ( @xmath1 kev ) emission from populations of accreting ( low - mass ) stellar x - ray binaries ( lmxb ) . \n the x - ray properties of the lmxb component have b...
[ { "content": "supernova remnants ( snrs ) are believed to be the primary sites for cosmic ray acceleration up to the ` knee ' of the cosmic rays spectrum . \n x - ray observations revealed that shells of several young snrs are synchrotron x - ray emitters , implying that they are the acceleration sites of parti...
[ { "content": "the diffuse galactic @xmath0-ray emission ( dge ) from the full sky has recently been analyzed and compared with the observations with the _ fermi _ large area telescope ( _ fermi_-lat ) for high energies ( he ; @xmath1 ) @xcite . \n the dge had been modeled using the galprop code ( e.g. * ? ? ? \...
[ { "content": "stellar multiplicity plays a crucial role in many fields of astronomy . star formation and evolution , galactic chemical evolution , nuclear astrophysics , and cosmology \n are all influenced by our understanding of the multiplicity properties of an underlying stellar population . \n binary intera...
[ { "content": "advection - dominated accretion flows ( hereafter adafs ) have been studied extensively ( e.g , narayan & yi 1994 , 1995 ; abramowicz et al . \n 1995 ; see narayan , mahadevan & quataert 1998 and kato , fukue & mineshige 1998 for reviews ) . \n it is now rather well established that this accretion...
[ { "content": "large scale magnetic fields are widespread in the universe . from galaxies to clusters of galaxies \n coherent magnetic fields are detected , with intensities that range from @xmath3gauss to tenth of @xmath3gauss . \n our galaxy as well as nearby galaxies show magnetic fields coherent on the scale...
[ { "content": "[ sec:1 ] * remark . \n * notation @xmath0 is equivalent to @xmath1 where @xmath2 } _ { n\\times 1 } \\ , & \\rho & = & \\rho_{ij } & = & \\underbrace { \\left [ \\begin{array}{c } \\rho_{1j } \\\\ \\vdots \\\\ \\rho_{nj } \\\\ \\end{array } \\right ] } _ { n \\times 1 } \\ . \\end{array}\\ ] ...
[ { "content": "this paper investigates the connection between symplectic geometry and those parts of representation theory which revolve around the notion of categorification . \n the existence of such a connection , in an abstract sense , follows from simple general ideas . \n the difficult thing is to make it ...
[ { "content": "here we show that if one uses an isotropic exchange interaction instead of the anisotropic interactions in the teleportation protocol one can also perform adiabatic teleportation . in this case \n the initial hamiltonian is @xmath90\\end{aligned}\\ ] ] and the final hamiltonian is @xmath91\\end{al...
[ { "content": "decays of a bound state of a quark and its anti - quark , quarkonium , provide an excellent laboratory for studying qcd . \n particularly , heavy quarkonia such as charmonium states are less relativistic , thus play a special role in probing strong interactions . \n cleo recently has accumulated d...
[ { "content": "the geodesics in a kerr metric are considered in the classical books on general relativity [ 13 ] . \n some recent papers are devoted to more detailed study of geodesics on kerr s black hole with the aim to elucidate the mechanism of jet formation [ 4 ] , and to analyze the possibility of particle...
[ { "content": "the state of the intergalactic medium ( igm ) at redshift @xmath17 remains under considerable debate . \n significant transmitted flux in the ly@xmath3 forest at @xmath18 means that the igm must have been highly ionized by at least @xmath19 gyr after the big bang @xcite . \n each of the four kno...
[ { "content": "nature has provided us with a variety of neutrino sources , from the not yet observed 1.9 k cosmological background to the icecube pev neutrinos @xcite , whose origin is still mysterious . \n neutrinos are intriguing weakly interacting particles . \n after 1998 many unknown properties have been de...
[ { "content": "social media has evolved from friendship based networks to become a major source for the consumption of news ( nist , 2008 ) . on social media \n , news is decentralised as it provides everyone the means to efficiently report and spread information . \n in contrast to traditional news wire , infor...
[ { "content": "recent development in the cooling and trapping technique of atoms and the following success in achieving the bose - einstein condensation of alkali atoms@xcite have now opened up a new era in the progress in quantum physics . \n while the condensed system serves as a testing ground for a research ...
[ { "content": "the analysis and interpretation of ongoing and future neutrino oscillation experiments strongly rely on the nuclear modeling for describing the interaction of neutrinos and anti - neutrinos with the detector . \n moreover , neutrino - nucleus scattering has recently become a matter of debate in co...
[ { "content": "the merger of two neutron stars , two black holes or a black hole and a neutron star are among the most important sources of gravitational waves ( gw ) , due to the huge energy released in the process . \n in particular , the coalescence of double neutron stars ( dns ) may radiate about 10@xmath6 ...
[ { "content": "the idea of quantum pumping , i.e. of producing a dc current at zero bias voltage by time periodic modulation of two system parameters , dates back to the work of thouless @xcite . \n if the parameters change slowly as compared to all internal time scales of the system , the pumping is _ adiabatic...