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[ { "content": "three dimensional quantum confinement of electrons ( _ e _ ) and holes ( _ h _ ) , such as in a semiconductor quantum dot ( qd ) potential , results in a variety of effects resulting from a discrete energy levels structure and an increased overlap between the _ e _ and _ h_. typically , a qd and a...
[ { "content": "spectral clustering is an important clustering technique that has been extensively studied in the image processing , data mining , and machine learning communities ( @xcite ) . \n it is considered superior to traditional clustering algorithms like @xmath0-means in terms of having deterministic pol...
[ { "content": "the semiclassical analysis has proven to be a very useful tool in the field of `` quantum chaos '' as well as in many other fields . \n nevertheless , one should bear in mind , that it only _ approximates _ the true quantal solution . \n thus , it is imperative to know what are the _ errors _ whic...
[ { "content": "massive stars play a key role in our universe . \n they drive the chemical evolution of galaxies by synthesising most of the heavy elements . their strong stellar winds , radiation feedback , powerful supernova explosions and long gamma ray bursts shape the interstellar medium . \n they are though...
[ { "content": "dilute bose - einstein condensates ( becs ) are produced and probed using atomic physics tools @xcite , and their connection to condensed - matter physics is most clear when studying collective excitations @xcite , as well as the sound propagation @xcite . \n much of our understanding of the na...
[ { "content": "the presence of a diffuse extended low density warm ionized medium(eldwim ) within the inner galaxy has been established by low frequency(@xmath32ghz ) radio recombination line(rrl or rl for short ) observations(lockman 1976 ; mezger 1978 ; ananatharamaiah 1985 ) . \n this component is understood ...
[ { "content": ", response to the emerging carbon emissions constrained world , the usage of renewable energy sources is increasing . the overall increase in penetration of renewable energy resources in the u.s . \n is depicted in fig . \n [ fig : renewablepercentage ] . \n such growth of renewable energy resourc...
[ { "content": "double parton collisions are a new feature of high energy hadron interactions which becomes increasingly important at high energies . \n the number of partons that can undergo a hard collision is in fact a fast growing function of @xmath1 and , as a consequence , when the c.m . \n energy is large ...
[ { "content": "the fact that we live in an accelerating expanding universe is a well established reality today . \n the direct evidence of such an accelerating expansion of the universe first published by the high - z supernova search teams ( riess et al . \n 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) in 1998 and early 19...
[ { "content": "the ground state maser lines of the oh molecule have long been important sources of information about the regions in which they are formed . \n the main lines at 1665 and 1667 mhz and the satellite line at 1612 mhz have been widely observed in star forming regions and the envelopes of late - type ...
[ { "content": "the @xmath0-axis transport in the highly anisotropic cuprate superconductors tl@xmath4ba@xmath4ca@xmath4cu@xmath5o@xmath6 ( tbcco ) and bi@xmath4sr@xmath4cacu@xmath4o@xmath7 ( bscco ) can well be described by a stack of josephson junctions between the superconducting cuo@xmath4-multi - layers . \n...
[ { "content": "mayall ( 1935 ) first recognized ic10 as an extragalactic object , and , in _ the realm of the nebula , _ hubble ( 1936 ) proposed that it was likely a member of the local group . \n its location just 3 degrees out of the galactic plane has hampered investigations , but hubble s description of it ...
[ { "content": "let @xmath5 be a 2-manifold . \n a singular point @xmath6 of a @xmath7-map germ @xmath8 is a _ \n cuspidal edge _ \n if @xmath4 at @xmath9 is right - left equivalent to @xmath10 at the origin . \n recently , the differential geometry of co - rank one singularities ( including cuspidal edges ) on s...
[ { "content": "different regression models have been proposed for lifetime data such as those based on the gamma , lognormal and weibull distributions . \n these models typically provide a satisfactory fit in the middle portion of the data , but very often fail to deliver a good fit at the tails , where only a f...
[ { "content": "the spin - peierls ( sp ) transition@xcite in low dimensional magnetic compounds is the magnetic analog of the well known peierls transition@xcite in low dimensional metals . \n the interest in this magneto - elastic phenomenon , which has been studied widely in organic compounds in the 1980s@xcit...
[ { "content": "let @xmath2 be the complete @xmath3-hypergraph on @xmath4 . in other words , \n let @xmath4 be a set and @xmath5 , where @xmath6 represents the family of subsets of size @xmath3 of @xmath4 . \n a _ colouring _ of @xmath7 is simply a function @xmath8 . \n we think of each @xmath9 as a colour , so @...
[ { "content": "the extreme carbon star irc+10216 is a classic example of a red giant caught in the act of evolving into a planetary nebula . \n its relative proximity , high infrared luminosity , and abundance of molecules found in its dense outflow has resulted in a barrage of observations by astronomers , work...
[ { "content": "stars with initial masses between 0.8 and 8 m@xmath2 pass through the asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) phase of evolution , and undergo significant mass loss @xcite . evolving from the tip of the agb to the planetary nebula stage , stars move through the post - agb phase ( typically 10@xmath3 \n 10...
[ { "content": "a significant amount of gas processed by stars may be ejected into interstellar space via stellar winds and supernova explosions . \n about 30% of the metals in enriched gas would condense to form dust grains @xcite . \n the total amount of dust in the universe that is produced in stellar evolutio...
[ { "content": "cluster formation in complex fluids is a topic that has attracted considerable attention recently.@xcite the general belief is that a short - range attraction in the pair interaction potential is necessary to initiate aggregation and a long - range repulsive tail in order to limit cluster growth a...
[ { "content": "facility location is one of the most studied optimization problems in operations research and captures a large variety of applications . \n a classical motivation is placing facilities ( e.g , warehouses ) in such a way that the combined costs of customer satisfaction and warehouse construction ar...
[ { "content": "manipulation of atoms by light becomes possible due to the dipole forces which are well described by the semiclassical model with quantum description of internal atomic transitions induced by a near resonant laser field and classical description of their center - of - mass motion @xcite . \n for t...
[ { "content": "after the so - called second string revolution , string phenomenology has widen its subject beyond heterotic models . \n one very exciting possibility came across a few years ago through the realization that d - branes intersecting at non - trivial angles @xcite allow for a neat way of breaking s...
[ { "content": "identification of sources of the ultra - high energy cosmic rays ( uhecr ) is a key to understanding their nature . \n the observed small - scale clustering of uhecr @xcite suggests that already existing data @xcite may contain information sufficient to make first steps in this direction . in a se...
[ { "content": "the known population of qsos , thought to be the main source of ionizing photons throughout most of the history of the universe , falls short of maintaining the ionization of the intergalactic medium at redshifts beyond @xmath3 ( e.g. , @xcite ) , whereas the universe is known to be fully ionized ...
[ { "content": "the isospin violating strong decay @xmath3 allows access to light quark mass ratios . at lowest order of chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) \n the amplitude is proportional to the light quark mass difference @xmath6 and may be written as @xmath7 where @xmath8 is the pion decay constant , @xmath9 ...
[ { "content": "mkn 501 and mkn 421 are two nearby bl - lac type objects at z = 0.034 and 0.030 , respectively . \n they are well studied sources in radio , optical and x - ray bands being among the brightest bl - lac objects at all wavelengths . \n mkn 421 was the first source to be detected at tev energies , fo...
[ { "content": "the cosmic dark ages ended with the formation of the first stars in 10@xmath110@xmath2 @xmath3 cosmological halos at @xmath4 2030 . \n besides ionizing the universe with intense uv flux and forming the first heavy elements , pop iii stars also determined the luminosities and spectra of primeval ...
[ { "content": "in recent years there has been an extensive experimental and theoretical activity in the field of magnetoelectrics . the magnetoelectric effect ( me ) \n was originally predicted by curie in 1894,@xcite and describes the induction of electric polarization @xmath2 by a magnetic field and , vice - v...
[ { "content": "understanding the dynamic phenomena in classical and quantum many - body systems is of importance for the most of areas of physics and chemistry . \n the development of efficient algorithms for solving the equations of motion in such systems should therefore impact a lot of fields of fundamental r...
[ { "content": "we wish to thank the kekb accelerator group for the excellent operation of the kekb accelerator . \n we acknowledge support from the ministry of education , culture , sports , science , and technology of japan and the japan society for the promotion of science ; the australian research council and...
[ { "content": "the point form is one of the three prominent forms proposed by dirac in his seminal paper of 1949 @xcite to formulate relativistic hamiltonian dynamics . \n it has the nice feature that the whole lorentz group ( rotations and boosts ) is kinematical , i.e. is not affected by interactions . \n thi...
[ { "content": "the bosonic d - brane has an unstable tachyonic mode on the perturbative vacuum . \n it has been conjectured @xcite that there is a local minimum of the tachyon potential ( non - perturbative vacuum ) , where the tension of the d - brane and the negative contribution from the tachyon potential exa...
[ { "content": "the field of non - equilibrium statistical physics is related to those problems for which a hamiltonian formulation is not possible or the detailed - balance condition is not satisfied . \n one of these problems is the study of surface growth and interfaces , where the understanding of the basic m...
[ { "content": "recently , the gravitational waves which are the solutions of the einstein equations and are the part of the most interesting astrophysical events were observed by ligo @xcite . \n the einstein equations are sets of the nonlinear partial differential equations with constraints , numerical calculat...
[ { "content": "the study of collisions between neutral atoms and molecules at low collision energies is a fast developing field in molecular physics @xcite . \n this growing interest originates from the exotic scattering properties of molecules at low temperatures . at temperatures below @xmath3 10 \n k only a f...
[ { "content": "spin - orbit interaction influences the electronic and transport properties of semiconductors . for example \n , it lifts the degeneracy of the valence bands , modifies the electron g - factor,@xcite and causes skew scattering in the presence of ( spinless ) impurities . \n such a skew scattering ...
[ { "content": "in 1992 , a numerical investigation of the equation of state ( eos ) of the st2 model @xcite in the supercooled region suggested the possibility of a liquid - liquid ( ll ) critical point in water @xcite . this initial study has subsequently generated a large amount of numerical and experimental...
[ { "content": "there is gap in the scientific analysis of the fraction ply methods one of the best methods of search in computer chess and other strategy games . as hans berliner pointed out about the scheme of partial depths , \n ... the success of these micros ( micro - processor based programs ) attests to ...
[ { "content": "young massive clusters ( ymcs , e.g. , arches , quintuplet , westerlund 1 , rscg , glimpse - co1 : @xcite ) are gravitationally bound stellar systems with masses @xmath110@xmath2m@xmath3and ages @xmath4 100myr @xcite . despite their small numbers and short lifetimes \n , they appear to be the ` mi...
[ { "content": "the nature of galactic formaldehyde ( h@xmath0co ) masers is a growing mystery . while hundreds of galactic oh , h@xmath0o , and ch@xmath6oh masers are known , only five galactic star - forming regions have associated h@xmath0co maser emission . to date , this emission is seen only in the @xmath7 ...
[ { "content": "the concept of photonic crystals ( phcs ) , i.e. , artificial media with a periodic modulation of local optical characteristics , provides ways to tailor the dispersion , diffraction , and routing of electromagnetic waves @xcite . as for natural crystals , \n fundamental characteristics of the ph...
[ { "content": "osmosis is the physical phenomenon in which a concentration difference of impermeant solute molecules across a semi - permeable membrane produces a difference in solvent density , and in pressure , across the membrane . \n this has enormously important consequences - osmosis forms the basis of the...
[ { "content": "quenched randomness effects are very important in modeling real materials , since consideration of these effects simulates a realistic model of real materials . \n real materials have some uncontrollable defects and these defects can be modeled by introducing site dilution ( randomly distributed n...
[ { "content": "the quantum summation ( * qs * ) algorithm ( also known as the amplitude estimation algorithm ) of brassard , hyer , mosca and tapp , see @xcite , computes an approximation to the arithmetic mean of all values of a boolean function defined on a set of @xmath12 elements . \n information regarding t...
[ { "content": "during the last years a spectacular development in the storage and manipulation of cold atoms in optical lattices @xcite has taken place . \n greiner et al . \n @xcite , to name one important example , succeeded in experimentally driving a quantum phase transition between a superfluid and a mott -...
[ { "content": "neutron stars are the remnants of supernova explosions with masses 1@xmath0 , radii @xmath1 , and a temperature of the order of @xmath2 at birth , cooling within a few days to about @xmath3 by emitting neutrinos . in a conventional model for a neutron star , \n the star is composed of hadrons , pr...
[ { "content": "while the fundamental equations of motion , both in classical and quantum mechanics , are invariant with respect to time reversal , the world around us is full of irreversible processes . on a microscopic level , it is enough to recall spontaneous decays of particles , nuclei , inelastic scatterin...
[ { "content": "gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) are the brightest cosmological sources in the universe , with isotropic luminosities up to 10@xmath4 and a redshift distribution extending at least up to @xmath5 @xmath66.3 ( e.g. , tagliaferri et al . 2005 ) . \n thus , these sources may be interesting for cosmological ...
[ { "content": "fmos ( the fiber multi - object spectrograph ) is a near - infrared ( nir ) fiber - fed spectrograph for the subaru telescope , which is capable of collecting nearly 400 spectra in a @xmath1 deg@xmath2 field - of - view ( @xcite ) available at the prime - focus of the telescope . \n the 400 fibers...
[ { "content": "almost a decade elapsed since the first detection of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background at large angular scales ( @xmath2 ) @xcite , @xcite . today \n the cmb anisotropy ( cmba ) has been detected also at intermediate ( @xmath3 ) and small angular scales ( @xmath4 ) , so the cmba an...
[ { "content": "systems consisting of a single atom coupled to a high - finesse optical cavity are of fundamental importance to quantum optics and quantum information science . \n such cavity qed systems have been experimentally implemented using neutral atoms @xcite and ions @xcite , and have been the subject of...
[ { "content": "more than 40 years have passed since the recognition that quasars are at cosmological distances ( schmidt 1963 ; greenstein & mathews 1963 ; mathews & sandage 1963 ) and hence must be powerful energy sources . \n a combination of arguments based on time variability and energetics strongly supports...
[ { "content": "interferometers , which are among the most precise measurement devices known today , are based on the interference of two coherent atomic or photonic modes . \n the quantity to be measured is mapped to the relative phase between the two modes , explicitly using the wave - like nature of the resour...
[ { "content": "the masses of active neutrinos are the most prominent evidence for physics beyond the standard model . \n the simplest and sufficient extension is to introduce right - handed neutrinos ( the seesaw mechanism @xcite ) . \n they can also explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe @xcite . \n right...
[ { "content": "it has been proposed that the brain is in or near a critical state | its dynamics may be positioned at the border between spatiotemporal order and disorder , reminiscent of non - equilibrium phase transitions in thermodynamic systems . \n the concept of brain criticality is attractive because crit...
[ { "content": "probing visible and dust - obscured star formation and physical properties of galaxies from the local to the early universe , including the epoch of cosmic reionization at redshift @xmath15 , is key to understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies , roles of galaxies in reionization and th...
[ { "content": "phase - field models have been introduced by g.caginalp in @xcite ( see also e.g. @xcite for generalizations ) as a relaxation of stefan problems where the development of the sharp interface between phases should be found exactly . \n in contrast to that , phase field models operate with phase fun...
[ { "content": "studying the properties of the gaseous environments of radio galaxies and quasars on different scales are important for understanding the interactions of the radio jets with the external environment and the evolution of these sources . \n such studies could also provide useful insights towards und...
[ { "content": "in recent years , the process of the false vacuum decay with the effect of gravity has been studied extensively in the context of the one - bubble open inflation scenario , in which an open universe is created in a nucleated bubble formed through false vacuum decay@xcite . in this context \n , we ...
[ { "content": "let @xmath9 be a lvy subordinator , that is , a non - decreasing lvy process starting from @xmath10 , which is continuous from the right with left limits . \n this process has stationary and independent increments and is characterized by its laplace transform @xmath11 the function @xmath7 above is...
[ { "content": "the observation of cosmic rays with energy higher than the greisen - zatsepin - kuzmin ( gzk ) cutoff at @xmath3 ev @xcite implies a corresponding flux of ultra high - energy ( uhe ) neutrinos , with energy in the @xmath4 ev range @xcite . \n these secondary neutrinos are created via photomes...
[ { "content": "aspects of the @xmath0 factorization theorem @xcite in perturbative qcd have been investigated intensively . \n one of the important issues is about the derivation of a @xmath0-dependent hard kernel at subleading level , which is defined as the difference between qcd diagrams and effective diagram...
[ { "content": "since the suggestion of @xmath0 suppression as a signal for the formation of the quark - gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions @xcite , understanding the interactions of the @xmath0 with other hadrons has been an important issue as @xmath0 dissociation by hadrons could also cause the s...
[ { "content": "a two - level medium , i.e. a medium composed of a collection of two - level systems ( atoms , molecules , etc . ) , is the basic quantum - mechanical model in the theory of light - matter interaction . \n it plays the same fundamental role as a harmonic oscillator in classical physics . \n theref...
[ { "content": "it is known that one of the properties of linear diffusion equation solution @xmath3 is the infinite velocity of perturbations propagation . \n it is seen , for example , from the fundamental solution of this equation @xmath4 here @xmath5 is the fundamental solution presented in the ga...
[ { "content": "the phase structure of qcd at high temperature @xmath0 and/or quark chemical potential @xmath1 has attracted a great deal of interest in cosmology , compact stars and heavy - ion collisions . during the last decades , significant advances have been made in our understandings of the phase structure...
[ { "content": "cosmic black holes ( bh ) show a very wide range of masses : from stellar masses to hundreds of millions of solar masses . an open question has long been whether the accretion and variability processes occurring in the immediate vicinity of the event horizon are the same over this broad mass range...
[ { "content": "top quark is the heaviest elementary particle with a mass of @xmath1 gev @xcite . \n top s large mass is a reason to rapid decay so that it has no time to hadronize and if it were not for the confinement of color , the top quark could be considered as a free particle . \n this property allows the ...
[ { "content": "* nf : * welcome jerry . let s begin at the beginning , which was not in this part of california . \n * jf : * that s correct . \n i grew up in a tiny town near the oregon border called yreka : it s `` bakery '' spelled backwards without the `` b. '' yreka bakery is a palindrome and there _ was _...
[ { "content": "in many astrophysical settings , emission of radiation via rotational and vibrational transitions of molecules plays an important role in cooling warm gas . \n because the emission of such radiation is in sharp spectral lines , this mechanism is referred to as line cooling . \n line radiation from...
[ { "content": "photoacoustic imaging ( pai ) is a novel promising tool for visualizing light absorbing structures in an optically scattering medium , which carry valuable information for medical diagnostics . \n it is based on the generation of acoustic waves by illuminating an object with pulses of non - ionizi...
[ { "content": "in 1996 september , a new x - ray transient was discovered with the wide field cameras ( wfcs ) on board the _ bepposax _ satellite and the source was designated sax j1808.43658 ( in t zand et al . \n type i x - ray bursts were detected demonstrating that the compact object in this system is a neu...
[ { "content": "the diluted ising antiferromagnet fe@xmath8zn@xmath9f@xmath2 in an external magnetic field has proven to be a good model system for the random - exchange ising model ( reim ) ( @xmath10 0 ) and the random field ( rfim ) ising model ( @xmath11 0 ) @xcite . in the original derivation of the equivale...
[ { "content": "inflation well explains the origin of primordial density fluctuations , as well as flatness and homogeneity of our universe . \n the general idea is so far quite successful , and inflationary models are confronted with precise observational data @xcite . since inflation is a high - energy phenome...
[ { "content": "three mode parametric instability in large scale , high optical power gravitational wave detectors was predicted by braginsky _ \n et al . _ in 2001 @xcite . \n all subsequent analyses @xcite relied on the model prediction where amplitudes of certain acoustic modes of the interferometer mirrors wo...
[ { "content": "given an homeomorphism @xmath0 of the torus @xmath1 which is in the homotopy class of the identity , and a lift @xmath2 of @xmath0 to the universal covering , one can associate to @xmath3 its rotation set @xmath4 , a convex and compact subset of the plane consisting of all the limit points of sequ...
[ { "content": "we report on the discovery of a circumbinary disk seen in silhouette against the bright nebular background of the orion nebula . using multicolor observations taken with the hubble space telescope as part of the hst treasury program on the orion nebula cluster , \n we show that source 124 - 132 , ...
[ { "content": "central mass concentrations ( cmcs ) are frequently found in galaxies of all types , such as barred , spiral , disk or elliptical galaxies . a few examples of cmcs are : \\1 . \n large condensations of molecular gas with scales of 0.1 @xmath6 2kpc and masses of @xmath7 @xmath8 are found in the ...
[ { "content": "the ray - singer conjecture has been formulated in the seminal paper of ray and singer @xcite and proved independently by cheeger @xcite and mller @xcite for unitary representations . \n its importance stems from the fact that as in the atiyah - singer index theorem , it equates analytic with comb...
[ { "content": "the derivation of fourier s law , or any other macroscopic law , from the microscopic underlying motion of particles constitutes a major task in condensed matter physics . \n this task comprises not only the derivation itself but also the problem of setting up the appropriate microscopic model . t...
[ { "content": "geometrical frustration in strongly - correlated systems is one of the long - standing problems in condensed matter physics . \n frustration suppresses a formation of a simpleminded long - range order and results in nearly - degenerate ground - state manifolds of a large number of different states...
[ { "content": "progress in cosmic ray ( cr ) physics@xcite has been hampered for long time by the deflection of charged cosmic rays in magnetic fields , preventing the identification of individual sources . \n this problem could be solved by using the neutral messengers that should be produced as secondaries in ...
[ { "content": "suspensions of dust , impurities , droplets , bubbles , and other finite - size particles advected by incompressible turbulent flows are commonly encountered in many natural phenomena and industrial processes . \n these finite - size particles , whose density may differ from that of the underlying...
[ { "content": "the soft x - ray transient ( sxt ) 4u1543 - 47 was discovered on 17 august 1971 by the _ uhuru _ satellite @xcite . since then , additional x - ray outbursts have been observed in 1983 , 1992 and 2002 . \n the optical counterpart was found during the 1983 outburst by @xcite . \n dynamical studies ...
[ { "content": "strongly correlated phases of electrons confined to move in the plane , subject to a perpendicular magnetic field , have attracted significant attention since the discovery of fractionally quantized hall conductivity @xcite . \n the profound role of topology in this extreme quantum limit leads to...
[ { "content": "the central regions of clusters of galaxies are very interesting and enigmatic places . \n the intracluster medium ( icm ) in the central region is often so dense that its radiative cooling time is significantly shorter than the hubble time . \n therefore , the icm will cool down unless it is heat...
[ { "content": "demixing of binary or multicomponent mixtures is a very common phenomenon observed in a broad range of molecular fluids @xcite , polymer solutions and blends @xcite , or colloidal dispersions @xcite . \n phase separation is generally associated with differences in the attractive interactions betwe...
[ { "content": "we consider a problem of optimal debt management in infinite time horizon , modeled as a noncooperative game between a borrower and a pool of risk - neutral lenders . \n since the debtor may go bankrupt , lenders charge a higher interest rate to offset the possible loss of part of their investment...
[ { "content": "light - induced 11-_cis _ @xmath1 all-_trans _ isomerization in retinal is a paradigmatic example of an important ultrafast photochemical reaction in biology @xcite . \n the photoreaction is the first step in dim - light vision , and its high quantum yield , and formation of all-_trans _ product w...
[ { "content": "deuterium ( d or @xmath7h ) is the only element entirely produced by nuclear reactions in the first minutes after big bang ( wagoner et al . \n the d yields are the most sensitive to the nuclear density at the nucleosynthesis epoch among the primordial light elements @xmath8he , @xmath9he and \n @...
[ { "content": "whereas the bulk behavior of homogeneous ( charged @xcite and uncharged @xcite ) colloidal suspensions is rather well understood , the situation for its inhomogeneous counterpart , such as that emerging in an adsorption process , is less clear . \n potential applications of adsorption of charged c...
[ { "content": "bragg spectroscopy , using two laser beams , has proven to be a very successful tool for probing the structure factor of trapped atomic bec s @xcite . in this paper , we examine the analogous experiment on two - component fermi gases in both the normal and superfluid phases . \n we calculate the ...
[ { "content": "the determination of the longitudinal polarization of the electron beam is one of the dominant systematic uncertainties in any parity violating electron scattering ( pves ) experiment . in order to achieve the desired high precision , the polarization of the electron beam \n must be monitored cont...
[ { "content": "nitrogen - vacancy ( nv ) centers located deep within a diamond lattice appear promising as solid - state spin qubits since they combine optical initialization and readout capabilities @xcite , long electron spin coherence lifetimes ( approaching @xmath0 at room temperature @xcite ) , and the ab...
[ { "content": "during the past few decades , elaborate solar neutrino @xcite and atmospheric neutrino @xcite experiments have provided a wealth of convincing evidences for the existence of massive neutrinos and neutrino mixing , which could have an essential impact on particle physics , astrophysics and cosmol...
[ { "content": "an optical transmitter is employed to interrogate a distant region engulfed in bright thermal light , suspected of containing a weakly reflecting target . \n the return light is processed by a receiver to decide whether or not the target is present . \n recently @xcite , lloyd , building up on wor...
[ { "content": "_ polynomial chaos _ ( pc ) is a computational spectral method that is used to propagate and quantify uncertainties arising in the modeling of physical systems . \n the method originated from the works of wiener @xcite and cameron and martin @xcite on the decomposition of functionals in a basis ...
[ { "content": "supernova 2001du was visually discovered by r. evans ( 2001 ) on august 24.7 ( ut dates are used throughout this paper ) at the western end of the bar in the spiral galaxy ngc 1365 ( about 90 w and 10 s of the nucleus ) . \n smartt , kilkenny , & meikle ( 2001 ) classified the sn as type ii ; w...
[ { "content": "ultra - luminous infrared galaxies ( ulirgs ; @xcite ) have total infrared luminosities @xmath2710@xmath28l@xmath20 and implied star formation rates ( sfr ) @xmath31001000m@xmath20yr@xmath11 . \n their low space densities mean that ulirgs contribute @xmath291% of the volume average star formation ...