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[ { "content": "binary systems can be roughly divided into close ( semi - major axes @xmath18 au ) and wide ( semi - major axes @xmath19 au , @xcite ) pairs . \n close binary systems have long been recognized as useful tools for studies of stellar properties . \n for example , the stellar parameters such as the m...
[ { "content": "following the unification scheme the central nucleus of an active galaxy ( agn ) consists of a black hole ( bh ) , an accretion disk , line - emitting clouds , a dust torus , and emanates prominent jets when classified as radio - loud . \n the properties of radio - loud agn viewed at a small angle...
[ { "content": "one of the central problems in astronomy is that of galaxy formation and evolution : when were the various parts of galaxies assembled , when were the stars formed , and how did these processes depend on environment ? at low redshift the dependence of many galaxy properties on environment is well ...
[ { "content": "a quantum particle in a three - dimensional disordered lattice is either localized or diffusive ; this depends on the strength of the disorder @xcite . \n if the particles are localized within a finite localization length @xmath2 , one observes current over length scales @xmath3 , while no conduct...
[ { "content": "conventional wireless mobile networks are designed with a cellular architecture , where base stations ( bss ) from different cells control communications for their associated mobile stations ( mss ) independently . \n the resulting inter - cell interference is treated as additive noise and minimiz...
[ { "content": "a large class of phenomena in biology , chemistry , engineering and physics occurs via the transport of particles driven along periodic substrates by an external bias . \n these phenomena include polymer diffusion at interfaces @xcite , motion of fluxons in superconductors containing a periodic a...
[ { "content": "the mapping of optical information into an atomic ensemble , a phenomenon usually named light storage ( ls ) , plays a fundamental role for both classical and quantum information processing @xcite . to date several observations of ls have been reported both in thermal and in cold atomic systems @x...
[ { "content": "research in spintronics and carbon nanotubes sparked renewed interests in the effects of spin - orbit coupling on quantum transport @xcite . \n one of the remarkable features of non - interacting disordered electron systems with spin - orbit coupling is the existence of a metallic phase in two dim...
[ { "content": "until very recently , studies of @xmath1@xmath51 galaxies have focused primarily on luminous , vigorously star - forming objects such as submillimetre sources or @xmath6@xmath2@xmath0 lbgs that are forming stars at rates of 10s or 100s @xmath4/yr . \n such studies have largely neglected the less g...
[ { "content": "extragalactic x - ray sources with luminosities in excess of 10@xmath2 erg s@xmath3 have now been widely detected in the nearby universe ( fabbiano 1989 ; miller & colbert 2004 ; roberts 2007 ) . \n these are designated as ultraluminous x - ray sources ( ulxs ) if they are not coincident with the ...
[ { "content": "most biological processes within the cell are carried out by proteins that physically _ interact _ to form stoichiometrically stable _ \n complexes_. even in the relatively simple model organism _ saccharomyces cerevisiae _ ( budding yeast ) , these complexes are comprised of many subunits that wo...
[ { "content": "recently , ultracold atomic gases with strong p - wave interaction have attracted broad interest both experimentally expk40 , expk40b , expk40mola , expk40dipo , expk40molb , expli6a , expli6b , expli6c , expli6molsca , expli6r87 , explik , expli6mol , expkrb and theoretically pyou,2dpsfa , psfi,2...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we have used the adelaide approach to calculating quark model parton distributions to calculate the effect of csv on the parton distributions of the proton . for the valence quarks , \n we verify in a model independent fashion the anomalously large csv effects observed in the minor...
[ { "content": "if one puts aside philosophical questions created by the perceived counterintuitive features of the quantum mechanics that are frequently discussed in the literature on the quantum measurement problem ( an entry point to this literature is provided , e.g. , by the collections of papers @xcite or m...
[ { "content": "superconducting josephson junction devices and circuits are proving to be promising systems for quantum information processing @xcite . due to the great controllability of the qubits and microwaves in the superconducting circuit systems , single - qubit @xcite , \n two - qubit @xcite , and three -...
[ { "content": "soon after the theoretical prediction of universal conductance fluctuations ( ucf ) in disordered electronic samples,@xmath0 it was shown that their distribution function is mainly gaussian.@xcite these considerations referred to a weakly disordered _ open _ \n sample connected to a reservoir by b...
[ { "content": "the study of the problem of motion in general relativity ( gr ) has been a central theme in testing its validity . \n for instance , the post - newtonian program , computing gr corrections to the newtonian gravitational potential between massive bodies , is crucial to understanding gravity in our ...
[ { "content": "in the present section , we derive inequalities that allow to detect entanglement between two subsystems @xmath1 and @xmath2 of a spin cluster , formed by @xmath10 and @xmath11 individual spins , respectively . \n the approach for passing from individual to composite spins is outlined in subsectio...
[ { "content": "it is generally believed that cold dark matter ( dm ) dominates the mass in the universe and significantly affects both the process of galaxy formation and the large - scale distribution of galaxies . \n here we present results of a study of the formation and the evolution of the dm component of g...
[ { "content": "successful realization of aneutronic fusion idea would greatly reduce problems associated with neutron radiation such as ionizing damage , neutron activation , and requirements for biological shielding , remote handling , and safety issues . \n one of the reactions discussed in this respect is the...
[ { "content": "from the gene regulatory networks that control organismal development @xcite and the coherent oscillations between brain regions responsible for cognition @xcite to the connected technologies that support critical infrastructure @xcite , systems at many scales of modern society rely on the coor...
[ { "content": "we first review the main results concerning energetics and entropy production in kinetic networks . consider a system interacting with a reservoir at temperature @xmath0 and with states @xmath1 that have energies @xmath2 and are occupied with probabilities @xmath3 . \n the system dynamics is descr...
[ { "content": "axisymmetric spreading of an insoluble surfactant on a thin layer of incompressible fluid has been the subject of numerous experimental and mathematical studies @xcite . motivated by the biomedical application of aerosol medications delivered to the thin fluid lining the lung , gaver and grotberg ...
[ { "content": "the existence of yukawa - type long - range interactions between the atoms of macro - bodies is predicted by the modern unified gauge - field theories of fundamental interactions , from the principles of supersymmetry and supergravity . \n these forces may be understood as a result of the exchange...
[ { "content": "noncovalent interactions of organic molecules play a fundamental role in biochemistry , solvation , surface science , and supermolecular chemistry . \n an accurate description of the noncovalent interactions is thus very important for many applications @xcite . \n actually , the `` golden standard...
[ { "content": "the objective of the escape dynamics out of a metastable state has been thoroughly investigated since the seminal work of kramers @xcite . \n a quantity of primary interest to establish the time scale of the escape dynamics of a classical brownian particle in the presence of a potential barrier i...
[ { "content": "the last two decades or so have seen an explosion of application areas of evolutionary algorithms ( eas ) in diverse scientific or engineering disciplines . \n an ea is a random search heuristic , using evolutionary mechanisms such as crossover and mutation , for finding a solution that often aims...
[ { "content": "due to their layered structure , transition - metal dichalcogenides ( tmdcs ) show a variety of anisotropic properties , such as thermal expansion , sound velocity and thermal as well as electrical conductivity @xcite . \n the lowered dimensionality often also manifests itself in the occurrence ...
[ { "content": "the essential assumption of general relativity is that the spacetime is given by a curved manifold with a metric @xmath0 of the lorentzian signature . \n @xmath1 denotes the inverse of @xmath2 . \n the curvature of the spacetime is given by the riemann tensor @xmath3 . \n the metric lifts and lowe...
[ { "content": "the spontaneous breakdown of symmetries in the early universe that produce linear discontinuities in the field is called cosmic string ( kibble 1976 ) . \n the cosmic strings are also common in modern string cosmologies . in 2003 , general interest in cosmic strings was heightened by the discovery...
[ { "content": "the neon - sodium cycle of hydrogen burning ( nena cycle ) converts hydrogen to helium through a chain of proton induced reactions involving neon and sodium isotopes . \n the nena cycle contributes negligibly to the energy budget , but it is of great importance for stellar nucleosynthesis , becaus...
[ { "content": "auxetic materials are rather special and unusual elastic solids . \n their poisson s ratio @xmath2 is negative , which means that it is easy to change their volume while fixing their shape , but it is hard to change their shape while fixing their volume @xcite . \n this behavior is just opposite t...
[ { "content": "when an assembly of particles are placed in an asymmetric potential , a net dc particle flow can arise due to a ratchet effect that occurs when an ac drive is applied or when the substrate is periodically switched on and off in the presence of a thermal bath @xcite . \n ratchet effects on asymmetr...
[ { "content": "the evolution of cooperation and altruism are fundamental scientific challenges highlighted by their role in the major transitions in life s history , when natural selection acted simultaneously on several competing levels @xcite . in this context , the relevance of basic concepts , including grou...
[ { "content": "quantum theory ( qt ) is in conflict with noncontextual realism @xcite , that is , with the assumption that the results of measurements reveal pre - existing properties that are not affected by compatible measurements . \n noncontextual realism is a legitimate assumption in so far as the statistic...
[ { "content": "in the hot and dense system of strongly interacting matter created in heavy ion collisions the mean free path of the particles is much smaller than the size of the fireball . \n this fact together with the assumption of fast thermal equilibration allows to apply relativistic hydrodynamics for the ...
[ { "content": "modern calculations @xcite based on relativistic equations of state indicate that the neutron star cores consist of neutrons with the admixture of protons , electrons , muons and some exotic particles ( including hyperons , k - mesons , quarks and so on ) . \n the composition is governed by the c...
[ { "content": "dwarf galaxies have come to play an increasingly important role in understanding how galaxies form and evolve . as the smallest , \n least luminous , and most common systems in the universe , dwarf galaxies span a wide range in physical characteristics and occupy a diverse set of environments ( e....
[ { "content": "the characterization of entanglement and the elucidation of its role in quantum computation remain formidable challenges , in spite of the conspicuous presence of this concept in quantum physics since the fundamental and instigating papers published by einstein , podolski , and rosen , as well as ...
[ { "content": "the role of graph analysis is becoming increasingly important in science and industry because of the prevalence of graphs in diverse scenarios such as social networks , the web , power grid networks , and even scientific collaboration studies . \n massive graphs occur in a variety of situations , ...
[ { "content": "it is believed that galaxies form in dark matter halos , which grow through gravitational instability from the density fluctuations seeded in the early universe . \n the baryonic matter is then accreted into the dark matter halos and cools radiatively to assemble galaxies . \n although the structu...
[ { "content": "superconductivity in iron arsenides emerges from antiferromagnetic metallic parent compounds in the course of suppressing the magnetic ordering by chemical doping or pressure @xcite , resulting critical temperatures ( @xmath6 ) up to 55 k in sm(o@xmath3f@xmath4)feas @xcite . \n relationships betwe...
[ { "content": "the study of the electroweak interaction between leptons and hadrons has been a challenging topic ever since the standard model was proposed by glashow , salam and weinberg . \n this model predicts the coupling of the electroweak currents to leptons and quarks in terms of the electric charge @xmat...
[ { "content": "loop quantum cosmology has provided in past years a useful framework to ask questions about the quantum nature of the early universe @xcite . closely related to loop quantum gravity @xcite , \n the formalism has shown that , for isotropic models , the big bang singularity is replaced by a quantum ...
[ { "content": "the galactic center ( hereafter gc ) region has been observed at different spatial scales and energy bands by many x ray missions . \n the main results in the 0.510 kev range have been obtained with the einstein observatory ( watson et al . , 1981 ) , rosat ( predehl & trumper , 1994 ) and , more...
[ { "content": "heavy fermion materials involve a lattice of localized magnetic moments derived from f - electrons , embedded in a conduction sea formed principally from delocalized d - electrons @xcite . \n the physics of these materials can be understood as a consequence of the interplay between two competing p...
[ { "content": "note that , in general , @xmath119 . \n now , the maximization for @xmath120 in eq . can be obtained by choosing the povms @xmath121 and @xmath122 to be the projections onto @xmath123 , and @xmath1 to be the transpose of the extremal point of @xmath38 , @xmath124 , which gives @xmath125 . \n thu...
[ { "content": "the dielectric response of a collisionless plasma is an ubiquitous quantity in plasma physics and in the many - body theory of coulomb systems in general . for a fermionic system , \n it was first derived by lindhard @xcite and is closely related to the dielectric function @xmath1 in random phase ...
[ { "content": "during the past 20 years a number of experiments with solar , atmospheric , reactor and baseline neutrinos have shown that neutrinos have masses and mixings @xcite . \n these experiments provide a framework with @xmath1 that fits remarkably well most of the data . from a model - building point of ...
[ { "content": "in the linear response theory an electron spin resonance ( esr ) spectrum is given by the fourier transform of the relaxation function @xcite @xmath109 where @xmath110 are transverse magnetization operators and @xmath111 denotes canonical averaging . \n line position ( @xmath29-value ) and line wi...
[ { "content": "since complex network models @xcite were applied to mathematical epidemiology @xcite in such a way that the host population is modelled as a contact network where nodes represent individuals and links stand for contacts among them the topological structure of the underlying network has shown a s...
[ { "content": "_ mancala _ is a family of traditional african games played in many versions and under many names . \n it comprises a circular list of _ holes _ containing zero or more _ seeds_. a move consists of selecting a nonempty hole , taking all its seeds and _ sowing _ them in the subsequent holes , one s...
[ { "content": "one of the key problems to overcome when conducting multi - wavelength surveys is determining which sources are associated with one another in different wave - bands , and which are unrelated . \n when multiple observations have been conducted at similar wavelengths and with similar resolution and...
[ { "content": "it is widely believed that the most natural and appealing explanation of the recent neutrino oscillation results is provided by the seesaw mechanism @xcite incorporated into extensions of the standard model that include a local @xmath0 symmetry . \n the simplest models with local @xmath0 symmetry ...
[ { "content": "the gravitational wave ( gw ) is the propagation of ripples of the space - time curvature with speed of light . \n although @xcite predicted the existence of gravitational radiation ( gr ) , the gws have never been directly detected yet . from 30 years observations , @xcite found that the binary p...
[ { "content": "the high - acceptance dielectron spectrometer ( hades ) experiment at gsi pursues a comprehensive program of dielectron emission studies in few - gevnucleon - nucleon @xcite , proton - nucleus @xcite , and nucleus - nucleus collisions @xcite . \n dilepton spectroscopy allows to investigate the pro...
[ { "content": "the research about the cosmological scale factor has attracted intense attention during the last years as well as the investigation about the connection between the cosmological constant and the dark energy issue . as the vacuum has a non - trivial role in the early universe , \n a @xmath0-term in...
[ { "content": "cold molecules currently attract great attention due to their potential application for precision measurements @xcite , quantum information schemes @xcite , degenerate quantum gases with complex interactions @xcite , and for cold chemistry @xcite . besides the approach of forming cold molecule...
[ { "content": "one of the most intriguing features of qcd for massless quarks is its underlying conformal invariance , invariance under both scale ( dilatation ) and special conformal transformations @xcite . \n for example , in the case of perturbative qcd , the running coupling @xmath0 becomes constant in the...
[ { "content": "relaying is receiving attention for wireless cellular applications because it improves rates and reliabilities . \n there are two simple geometric scenarios that give insight into relaying strategies , and that show how relaying achieves distributed multi - input , multi - output ( mimo ) gains @...
[ { "content": "gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) have been proposed as a potential origin of ultra - high - energy cosmic rays ( uhecrs ) ( e.g. , waxman 1995 ; vietri 1995 ; milgrom and usov 1995 ) . \n high - energy neutrinos are thought to be a useful messenger to probe cr acceleration in grbs , as they are predict...
[ { "content": "in context of ads / cft correspondence , it was proposed that variation of cosmological constant corresponds to varying the number of colors in the boundary field theory of yang - mills with chemical potential interpretation @xcite . on the other hand , according to teitelboim and henneaux s mecha...
[ { "content": "this paper is the second part of a general study about the feasibility of the forecast of meteorological parameters and optical turbulence at eso sites ( cerro paranal and cerro armazones ) in the framework of the mose project ( modeling eso sites ) . \n the mose project , and the first results ob...
[ { "content": "magnetic fields in differentially rotating disks play essential roles in the angular momentum transport which enable the accretion and various activities such as x - ray flares and jet formation . motivated by the skylab observations of the solar corona , galeev , rosner , & vaiana ( 1979 ) propos...
[ { "content": "in the past few decades several proposals of modification of quantum mechanics ( qm ) have appeared in the literature , aimed at unifying its internal fundamental dichotomy between unitary deterministic quantum dynamics and non - linear irreversible state collapse following a measurement process @...
[ { "content": "the light shifts calculated in ref . \n @xcite are based upon eq . \n ( 2 ) in ref . \n the text states that the basis for eq . \n ( 2 ) is ` spherical ' ( i.e. , irreducible spherical tensors ) . \n in fact , the basis for eq . \n ( 2 ) is actually a cartesian basis ( i.e. , @xmath1 ) , which we ...
[ { "content": "this paper is concerned with the bianchi groups , i.e. the class of groups defined by psl@xmath0 of the integers of an imaginary quadratic number field @xmath3 $ ] where @xmath4 is a product of different primes . \n any such group is a group of orientation - preserving isometries of hyperbolic thr...
[ { "content": "high - frequency quasi - periodic oscillations ( qpo ) in neutron - star x - ray binaries often appear in pairs , with frequencies ranging from a few hundred hz to more than 1 khz ( see van der klis 2006 for a review ) . \n these so - called khz qpos , which were discovered with the rossi x - ray ...
[ { "content": "topological defects in crystals @xcite exhibit a rich variety of kinematic properties @xcite . \n defects such as interstitials / vacancies , dislocations , and disclinations @xcite perturb the ideal perfectly periodic crystal . to date \n , numerous works extensively studied the dynamics and coar...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of q0957 + 561 @xcite , about 80 gravitationally lensed quasars have been discovered @xcite . \n lensed quasars are not only intriguing phenomena but also have become indispensable astronomical tools , including probes of the cosmological parameters and the structure of galaxie...
[ { "content": "m dwarfs are main sequence stars whose spectra display bands of tio and other molecules such as cah , vo , feh , and crh @xcite . \n the high molecular opacities are the result of a cool atmosphere with effective temperatures in the range 2400k-3700k @xcite . observed orbital motion of astrometric...
[ { "content": "the global analyses of the free nucleon parton distribution functions ( pdfs ) are grounded on the asymptotic freedom of qcd , factorization and parton evolution . \n these features allow to express the hard - process cross - sections formally as @xmath0 where @xmath1s are the scale - dependent pd...
[ { "content": "ultracold fermi gases have been subject of many experimental and theoretical studies during recent years ( see e.g. @xcite ) . \n they provide a unique system to study key concepts of condensed matter theory . \n this is because in these systems many parameters such as the particle density , the f...
[ { "content": "plasma rotation has become one of the key ingredients of fusion plasma performance , after the discovery of a reduction of turbulence and transport @xcite through a sheared @xmath2 rotation . \n with regard to stability , large toroidal rotations can stabilize resistive wall modes and neoclassica...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a connected 4-valent graph and @xmath1 a planar realization(the words realization and configuration will be used interchangeably ) . the graph @xmath2 is always assumed to be finite and simple . \n the rigidity matrix , which we denote by @xmath3 , is a matrix of size @xmath4 . \n t...
[ { "content": "transformation optics @xcite has paved the way for the development of optical devices that can realize functionalities that were thought to be possible only in science fictions @xcite-@xcite . \n one such conceptual device that has attracted great public interest is a gateway that can block electr...
[ { "content": "large - scale spectroscopic galaxies surveys , such as the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss ; @xcite ) and galaxy and mass assembly ( gama ; @xcite ) survey , are well established and powerful tools for investigations of galaxy evolution \n . however , they are limited by only observing a single ap...
[ { "content": "recent experiments dedicated to the study of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background have found evidence for galactic microwave emission in the range 1090 ghz correlated at high galactic latitudes with thermal emission ( dirbe 100 @xmath0 m map ) from interstellar dust ( kogut et al . 1...
[ { "content": "many mathematical models used in science and technology contain parameters for which a direct observation is very difficult . \n a good example is subsurface geophysics . \n the aim in subsurface geophysics is the reconstruction of subsurface properties such as density and permeability given measu...
[ { "content": "in their study of multiple - access collision channel without feedback , massey and mathys show that the capacity region can be achieved by deterministic channel access method @xcite . \n it contrasts with the more traditional multiple - access scheme like pure aloha or slotted aloha@xcite , wher...
[ { "content": "the recent experimental demonstration @xcite of the transition from a superfluid state to a mott insulating state of atoms in an optical lattice has opened the way to novel realizations of effective quantum lattice models with widely tunable control parameters . \n quantum magnetic systems can be ...
[ { "content": "long s equation [ 1,2,3,4 ] models the flow of stratified incompressible fluid in two dimensions over terrain . \n when the base state of the flow ( that is the unperturbed flow field far upstream ) is without shear the numerical solutions ( in the form of steady lee waves ) of this equation over ...
[ { "content": "among the nearly 2000 exoplanets discovered so far , more than half are transiting systems . due to the rotation of the host star , the observed stellar radial velocity ( rv ) \n is expected to change as the planet transits different parts of the rotating stellar surface . \n this is called the ro...
[ { "content": "distance - scale determination of gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) has been one of the most important achievements of astrophysics in recent years . \n accurate and fast localization of the prompt and afterglow emission bursts ( i.e.@xcite ) by the italian / dutch x ray satellite bepposax ( @xcite ) le...
[ { "content": "the over determination of the ckm matrix , using the new data from the b factories at slac and kek , is a sensitive test of the standard model @xcite . \n the determination of the ckm matrix elements from experiment depends critically on hadronic parameters , such as @xmath0 , @xmath1 , @xmath2 a...
[ { "content": "the experiment @xcite was designed with the goal to measure cp violation in the b - system . \n it started operation at desy , hamburg in spring 2000 . \n neutral b - mesons are produced by interactions of 920 gev protons on a stationary nuclear target followed by a magnetic spectrometer . since t...
[ { "content": "the origin for the dramatic slowing down of the relaxation dynamics of a liquid close to the glass transition is still a matter of debate @xcite . \n different theoretical approaches to describe the dynamic transition from the liquid to the glassy state have been presented so far . \n some concen...
[ { "content": "experimental measurements of the inclusive momentum distribution of charged particles in collisions provide important insight into the process of how quarks turn into hadrons . \n this distribution is commonly normalised to the total hadronic cross section @xmath48 and presented as a function of ...
[ { "content": "so far , every 3d effort to perform 3 + 1 numerical simulations of space - times containing black - hole singularities , or compact objects such as neutron stars , has encountered the frustration of producing short - lived evolutions . \n the impediment is due to the presence of sever instabilitie...
[ { "content": "one of the main questions concerning symbolic dynamics and algebraic structures was asked by r. bowen : characterize group shifts , that is shifts supporting a group structure so that the shift map is an automorphism . \n this question was answered by b. kitchens @xcite , who showed that any group...
[ { "content": "many researchers investigate optimal control problems with uncertainties . in @xcite , \n gabasov et al . \n consider optimal preposterous observation and optimal control problems for dynamic systems under uncertainty with use of a priori and current information about the controlled object behavio...
[ { "content": "in this work we develop spectral theory for the @xmath0-boson ( stochastic ) particle system - boson totally asymmetric diffusion model while in @xcite it was also referred to as @xmath0-tazrp . \n the term `` stochastic '' is included here to differentiate this with the non - stochastic quantum p...
[ { "content": "bound states are normally associated with basins of attraction , and it is always surprising to find them in the presence of a repulsive interaction . \n the most remarkable case is the pairing of electrons in normal superconductors , mediated by lattice distortions . \n a new kind was recently ob...
[ { "content": "a von neumann algebra is a an algebra of bounded linear operators on a hilbert space that is closed under the adjoint @xmath4-operation and that is closed in the weak operator topology . \n von neumann algebras arise naturally in the study of groups and their actions on measure spaces . \n these c...
[ { "content": "consider a finite composite quantum system described by the complex hilbert space @xmath0 , which is the tensor product of @xmath1 ( @xmath2 ) finite dimensional hilbert spaces @xmath3 of dimension @xmath4 ( @xmath5 ) ; and has dimension @xmath6 . \n given any hamiltonian @xmath7 acting on @xmath8...
[ { "content": "the hard - sphere fluid at a hard wall is a useful reference model for the solid - liquid interface between chemically dissimilar materials . \n its simple , but non - trivial , nature has made it a standard reference model to test theories of inhomogeneous fluids , such as integral equation theor...
[ { "content": "if we ignored gravitational entropy , we would think that the early universe had high entropy because it was uniform and hot @xcite , and that the cold and clumpy universe of today has low entropy . \n the evolution of the universe would then violate the second law of thermodynamics , which states...
[ { "content": "microlens parallaxes measure a vector quantity , the `` projected velocity '' @xmath0 , which is the projection of the lens - source relative velocity on the plane of the observer . \n another way of writing this quantity is @xmath1 where @xmath2 and @xmath3 are the lens - source relative parallax...
[ { "content": "in the last few decades , the fields of aerodynamics and aero - elasticity have bloomed significantly due to advances in computation power and experimentation . as a result , \n the implementation of analytical methods has receded slightly . despite their limitations , \n analytical techniques hav...
[ { "content": "the study of superconducting and superfluid systems has recently attracted wide attention , among other things because of the realization of ultracold fermi gasses in optical lattices @xcite . \n these systems can be considered as quantum simulators that can be used for probing fundamental problem...