Datasets:
mnsm92
/
article_summarization

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
text
listlengths
2
2
[ { "content": "the measurement and generation of photons is one of most challenging tasks in nowadays quantum optics . \n since the photon can be considered as the carrier of information , it plays a fundamental role in quantum information and quantum communications @xcite . \n the generation of single photons ...
[ { "content": "the t - j model @xcite is commonly regarded as a minimal model capable of describing correctly the essential physics of the cuprate high - temperature superconductors . in its simplest form , \n used in the present paper , it is expressed by the following hamiltonian @xmath6 here @xmath7 is a gutz...
[ { "content": "the ultrarelativistic heavy - ion collider facilities like rhic at bnl and lhc at cern strive to produce a new form of hot qcd matter . \n the experiments show @xcite that it has very intricate properties and presents a big challenge especially for theoretical understanding . while above the ( pse...
[ { "content": "parametric x - rays ( pxr ) produced by a relativistic charged particle uniformly moving through a single crystal were declared as a very attractive radiation mechanism for x - ray source since its theoretical prediction in 1972 @xcite - @xcite and first experimental observation in 1985 @xcite . a...
[ { "content": "if low - energy supersymmetry ( susy ) is realised in nature it should show up at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) . \n strongly interacting particles as gluinos and squarks will be most likely the first susy particles to be seen at lhc . \n gluinos of mass less than @xmath20 tev and squarks of m...
[ { "content": "the density matrix renormalization group ( dmrg ) @xcite has been widely applied to one - dimensional ( 1d ) quantum systems and two - dimensional ( 2d ) classical systems @xcite . \n a frontier in dmrg is to extend its numerical algorithm to higher dimensional systems , chiefly for 2d quantum and...
[ { "content": "a system of two coupled nonlinear schrdinger ( nls ) equations represents the basic model of propagation of weakly dispersive waves having vectorial nature , i.e. , characterized by two components , below designated by @xmath3 and @xmath4 . \n this model is relevant for almost all applications of ...
[ { "content": "the last several years have seen significant developments in detection and understanding of energetic emission from pulsating neutron stars . \n new surveys and detectors have not only discovered more sources but have discovered new and unexpected characteristics and behavior of these sources . \n...
[ { "content": "ultra high energy cosmic rays ( uhecrs ) are still an open problem in astro - particle physics . \n the 11 akeno grand air shower array ( agasa ) events with energy larger than @xmath5 ev @xcite contradict the expected suppression of the uhecr spectrum due to the interaction with the cosmic microw...
[ { "content": "the neutrinos at the main injector ( numi ) beamline at the fermi national accelerator laboratory @xcite will generate an intense @xmath2 beam from the decays of mesons produced in the collisions of 120 gev protons on a graphite target . \n the mesons are focused into a 675 m long evacuated volu...
[ { "content": "single - molecule electronics has shown significant progress in the recent years . a variety of interesting effects have been observed in the transport properties of single ( or a few ) conjugated organic molecules including rectification , negative differential resistance , and switching @xcite ....
[ { "content": "the huge effort on the experimental side at present b facilities ( babar , belle and cdf ) to increase the precision on data measurements force us to revise the strategies on the theory side to produce more accurate predictions . \n non leptonic b decays offer different strategies to determine the...
[ { "content": "exotic superconductivity with high-@xmath6 has been often discovered in doped layered compounds , such as cuprates@xcite , @xmath10-@xmath11ncl ( @xmath11=zr , hf)@xcite , and iron pnictides@xcite . \n recently , materials with bis@xmath0 layers have attracted much attention as a new family of lay...
[ { "content": "bipartite and multipartite entanglement is one of the features that give rise to many of the developments of quantum computation and information , like quantum teleportation @xcite and quantum cryptography @xcite , among others @xcite . \n the evaluation of the entanglement of a composite state is...
[ { "content": "the deuteron , as the simplest nuclear system , serves the dual role of an `` effective free neutron target '' @xcite and as a testing ground for sophisticated models of nucleon - nucleon interactions and scattering mechanisms @xcite . \n electron scattering off the deuteron has been used as a m...
[ { "content": "it is known that quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) , has two very important properties , namely asymptotic freedom and confinement . \n the former implies that at high momentum transfers , the quarks behave as quasi free particles , i.e. , the interaction between two quarks due to gluon interchange c...
[ { "content": "there is a discrepancy between what is experimentally observed in heavy ion collisions @xcite , and theoretical computations of photon emission from a thermalized quark gluon plasma ( tqgp ) @xcite . \n computations using realistic equations of state and state of the art computations of photon emi...
[ { "content": "the wmap results ( spergel et al . 2003 ) have given rather strict limits on the matter and energy content of the universe , in agreement with the @xmath0cdm model . \n typically , for @xmath1@xmath2 = 1 , @xmath1@xmath3 = 0.73 , and @xmath1@xmath4 = 0.27 , with @xmath1@xmath5 = 0.044 , and @xmath...
[ { "content": "correlation and interference distinguish quantum from classical physics . \n the former is manifest in the measurement of many - body coincidences predicted by a quantum joint probability density function ( pdf ) . \n some observable correlations can not be realized classically @xcite . \n quantum...
[ { "content": "strong and rapid variability is a key observational feature of systems driven by the accretion of material onto a central compact object . \n the power spectral density ( psd ) of emission from such objects is characterized by broadband noise across several decades in frequency . \n this broadband...
[ { "content": "to identify the true nature of the ways in which radio galaxies grow and evolve is not a trivial problem to tackle : we can not observe any radio galaxy at well - separated intervals throughout its life . \n we can only make observations of a particular radio galaxy if it intercepts our light - co...
[ { "content": "on may 24 , 1997 ( day 3743 after core collapse ) , sonneborn _ et al . _ \n ( 1998 ) observed supernova remnant ( snr ) 1987a with the space telescope imaging spectrograph ( stis ) . \n they discovered very broad ( @xmath4 ) ly@xmath1 emission in the ultraviolet spectrum . \n ( 1998 , hereafter ...
[ { "content": "recent studies have demonstrated that galaxies at @xmath0 can be efficiently selected by the simple observed near - infrared ( nir ) color criterion @xmath1 ( franx et al . \n 2003 ; van dokkum et al . \n 2003 ) . these distant red galaxies ( drgs ) \n are typically very faint in the rest - fram...
[ { "content": "the increasing importance of micro- and nanotechnology initiated an intensive research in heat conduction @xcite . \n experiments show deviations from the classical fourier theory @xcite and there are several theoretical developments to understand the nature of the deviations @xcite . \n the start...
[ { "content": "boundaries and interfaces are omnipresent in the colloidal world @xcite . \n geometric confinement introduces anisotropy in the diffusive motion of sub - micron particles , and the presence of neighbouring walls leads to a general slow - down of brownian motion due to hydrodynamic interactions of ...
[ { "content": "the study of nuclear properties at high temperature , spin and isospin has gained much of interest in recent times . \n thanks to the recent developments in experimental facilities , these highly - excited nuclei are becoming more accessible and provide theorists with a challenging task . apart fr...
[ { "content": "one of the central problems in astronomy is that of galaxy formation and evolution : when were the visible parts of galaxies assembled and when were the stars formed ? \n the merging of galaxies leads to changes in their masses , and stellar evolution changes their luminosities . \n the evolution ...
[ { "content": "the wave functions satisfying the dirac equation @xmath128 is a four component spinor as , @xmath129 where @xmath38 and @xmath130 correspond to the conduction and valence band , respectively . \n also , @xmath78 correspons to the spin directions of carrier with respect to @xmath79-axis . \n the ho...
[ { "content": "t dwarfs are low - temperature ( t@xmath5 @xmath6 13001500 k ) brown dwarfs exhibiting distinct absorption bands of ch@xmath3 in the near - infrared h- and k - bands @xcite . \n they are distinguished from warmer l - type @xcite and m - type dwarfs in the near - infrared by the presence of these m...
[ { "content": "mesoscopic systems are characterized by spatial dimensions smaller than the phase breaking length @xmath4 so that the phase of an electron is not destroyed by inelastic processes . along their optical paths , electrons pick up phases from propagation and scattering . even for negligible dephasing ...
[ { "content": "the three spitzer space telescope focal plane instruments were designed to investigate four major scientific topics : ( 1 ) early universe , ( 2 ) brown dwarfs and superplanets , ( 3 ) active galactic nuclei , and ( 4 ) protoplanetary and planetary debris disks . of these topics , \n the most impo...
[ { "content": "although the basic explosion mechanism of supernovae of type ia ( henceforth sn ia ) has been established to be the thermonuclear combustion of degenerate c / o white dwarfs ( henceforth wd ) , many aspects of the progenitor systems of remain to be understood . \n nearly all viable progenitor mod...
[ { "content": "one of the most exciting developments of the past decade has been the resolution of the cosmic far - infrared background into discrete sources , providing a first glimpse of the rapid build - up of massive galaxies in the early universe long predicted by theory . \n deep , wide blank field survey...
[ { "content": "quantum dots ( qds ) have long been discussed as a source for semiconductor - based quantum information processing @xcite . for a physical realization of a quantum computer , a quantum mechanical two - level system that can serve as a qubit is required . \n this system must allow for preparation ,...
[ { "content": "collisions between galaxy clusters are the most energetic events in the cosmos , with unique implications for structure - formation and the nature of dark matter . \n the concordance @xmath5cdm model , predicts that the infall velocities of massive merging systems are typically less than 1000 @xm...
[ { "content": "interacting galaxies like the antennae ( ngc 4038/4039 ; whitmore & schweizer 1995 ) or stephan s quintet ( hcg 92 ; hunsberger 1997 ) show much star - burst activity in their tidal features . \n high resolution images from the hst resolve these regions into many compact groups of young massive ...
[ { "content": "the spin@xmath1orbit interaction is a relativistic interaction connecting the spin and orbital motion of charged elementary particles . \n this interaction plays essential roles in conversion between electric signals and magnetic ones @xcite . \n of particular interest is the rashba spin@xmath1orb...
[ { "content": "low - energy phenomena in the hadron physics are strongly determined by the nonperturbative ( np ) interactions . at the fundamental ( qcd ) level hadron characteristics \n are analyzed in the qcd sum rules with a np vacuum condensates . \n hadron structure and interactions can be also considered ...
[ { "content": "energy losses from heavy elements , such as tungsten , due to radiative emission are one of the crucial problems to be overcome for the successful performance of themonuclear reactors . \n nevertheless , tungsten is used as the plasma - facing component in the modern fusion facilities because of i...
[ { "content": "moderate - length high - temperature ( ht ) expansions ( through order 12 ) and low - temperature ( lt ) expansions for the spin - spin correlation function ( sscf ) @xmath1 of the nearest - neighbor ising models with general spin s were first computed@xcite three decades ago on various lattices i...
[ { "content": "ten years before the advent of qcd , skyrme proposed a model @xcite describing hadronic physics which involves only pion fields and where baryons emerge as topological solitons . \n this model is recognized as the simplest chiral realization of qcd at low energies and large @xmath3 @xcite . \n t...
[ { "content": "the two weinberg sum rules ( wsr ) ( at t=0 ) @xcite were first derived in the framework of chiral @xmath7 symmetry and current algebra , and read @xmath8 = 2 \\ , f_\\pi^2\\;,\\ ] ] @xmath9 = 0 \\;,\\ ] ] where @xmath10 @xcite , and @xmath11 & = & ( -g_{\\mu\\nu}\\ , q^2 + q_\\mu q_\\nu ) \\ , \\...
[ { "content": "in recent years , there has been a growing interest in studying three - body problem with the aim of approximating the behavior of real celestial systems ( @xcite and refs . \n therein ) . the results from the study have been found useful in the theory of dynamical systems and in astronomy . \n th...
[ { "content": "the theoretical and experimental characterization of spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials due to the interaction with short optical pulses has become an important part of research in magnetism . \n @xcite in this connection , spin - dependent hot - electron transport processes in metallic hete...
[ { "content": "in the past two decades quantum computation has attracted growing interest , encouraged by the development of tools for the manipulation of single quantum objects as well as by several remarkable theoretical findings @xcite . \n different systems have been proposed as candidates for quantum comput...
[ { "content": "the present situation around @xmath0 oscillation initiated by super - kamiokande hereafter , sk , simply is to be described as follows if we follow majority opinion : + ( 1 ) sk found anomaly in the atmospheric neutrinos ( muon deficit ) @xcite , + ( 2 ) sk found anomaly in the zenith angle distr...
[ { "content": "the brightest of the `` unidentified '' high - galactic - latitude egret sources @xcite , at @xmath9 has long been associated with the x - ray emitting neutron - star , which remains its most plausible counterpart even though pulsations have not been detected at any wavelength . unlike blazars , ...
[ { "content": "input media for automatic summarization has varied from text @xcite to speech @xcite and video @xcite , but the application domain has been , in general , restricted to informative sources : news @xcite , meetings @xcite , or lectures @xcite . \n nevertheless , application areas within the e...
[ { "content": "the physical mechanisms describing stellar birth are fairly well understood for low- and intermediate - mass stars but still under debate for their high - mass analogues @xcite . on larger scales , observations show that star forming mechanisms are of relatively poor efficiency , as only a fractio...
[ { "content": "the @xmath0 is a new hadronic resonance discovered in 2003 by the belle collaboration @xcite and subsequently confirmed by the cdf , babar , and d0 collaborations @xcite . \n all the properties of the @xmath0 that have been measured thus far are compatible with its identification as a weakly - bou...
[ { "content": "within the famous total variation ( tv ) regularization framework , image reconstruction in low - dose ct is formulated as minimizing the cost function expressed as @xmath0 subject to @xmath1 , and that in few - view ct is formulated as @xmath2 , where @xmath3 is the tv norm which aims at regulari...
[ { "content": "the solar corona supports a rich variety of wave phenomena whose main features are determined by the magnetic field and plasma structuring . for our purposes \n it is important to distinguish between different wave manifestations such as driven and impulsively excited perturbations . \n driven wav...
[ { "content": "low - density parity - check ( ldpc ) codes , invented by gallager @xcite in the @xmath1s , constitute a hot research topic since they are a main competitor to turbo codes @xcite . \n recently , a connection between ldpc codes and codes based on graphs was shown ( see , for example , @xcite ) , wh...
[ { "content": "the simulations analyzed are a small subset of the simulations realized in the framework of the galmer project @xcite . \n the 2d velocity maps and the rotation curves of the remnants of retrograde elliptical - spiral mergers are analyzed at least 400 myr after the coalescence of the two systems (...
[ { "content": "@xmath0 surfaces with non - symplectic involution are basic objects in the study of @xmath0 surfaces . \n they connect @xmath0 surfaces with rational surfaces , enriques surfaces , and low genus curves . in this article \n we address the rationality problem for the moduli spaces of @xmath0 surface...
[ { "content": "in a previous paper ( font and ibez 1997 , hereafter paper i ) we studied the morphology and dynamics of relativistic bondi - hoyle accretion in axisymmetric flows past a schwarzschild black hole . \n the main conclusion of that work was to extend the validity of the bondi - hoyle accretion pictur...
[ { "content": "one of the fundamental ideas of modern cosmology is that there was an epoch early in the history of the universe when potential , or vacuum , energy dominated other forms of energy densities such as matter or radiation . during such a vacuum - dominated era \n the scale factor grew exponentially (...
[ { "content": "ultraluminous and luminous infrared galaxies ( ulirgs / lirgs ) have strong infrared ( ir ) luminosities of @xmath5 and @xmath6 , respectively @xcite . \n their intense ir luminosities are mainly due to starburst activities , and the contribution of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) to ir luminosity ...
[ { "content": "one - dimensional systems of @xmath0 particles mutually interacting through gravitational forces have been of interest in astrophysics for more than three decades . while used primarily as prototypes for the behaviour of gravity in higher dimensions , one - dimensional self - gravitating systems ...
[ { "content": "during the past few years , there has been continuing interest @xcite in higher dimensional kinematical models for proper and unified theory of subluminal ( bradyon ) and superluminal ( tachyon ) objects @xcite . \n the problem of representation and localization of extended particles and superlumi...
[ { "content": "dendrimers have been the subject of intensive investigations ever since their synthesis@xcite in the late 1970s . \n they are characterized by a high degree of monodispersity and a well - defined , highly branched internal structure ; efficient dendrimer assembly has been boosted by recent progres...
[ { "content": "a germ @xmath0 of complex analytic variety equidimensional of dimension @xmath1 is _ quasi - ordinary _ ( q.o . ) if there exists a finite map @xmath2 which is unramified outside a normal crossing divisor in @xmath3 . \n quasi - ordinary singularities admit fractional power series parametrizations...
[ { "content": "the deuteron is the simplest and best understood nuclear system bound by strong interactions . as such \n it has received an extraordinary amount of attention . \n the binding energy of the deuteron is rather small compared to the nuclear potential and to the binding energy of heavier nuclei and t...
[ { "content": "the exceptional piezoelectric properties of the lead - oxide class of relaxor ferroelectrics has fueled an intense amount of scientific research on these materials over the past several years . \n @xcite numerous studies have been performed in an attempt to understand the fundamental mechanism(s )...
[ { "content": "a wide variety of mass transport systems ranging from traffic flow to polymer gels @xcite exhibit nonequilibrium condensation phenomena . \n these include basic microscopic dynamics ubiquitous in nature such as aggregation , fragmentation and diffusion . \n the nonequilibrium steady states of thes...
[ { "content": "understanding the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) is one of the key issues in current high - energy physics . \n thorough phenomenological knowledge of properties of the hadron spectrum as well as nuclear matter is now being complemented by increasingly precise first - principle ...
[ { "content": "much attention has been focused on the vortex pinning in type - ii superconductors . \n the vortex pinning in the superconductors under magnetic fields plays an important role on various vortex - related quantities and phenomena such as the critical current , hysteresis of the magnetization , and ...
[ { "content": "higher - curvature corrections to the einstein - hilbert ( eh ) action appear in any sensible theory of quantum gravity as next - to - leading orders in the effective action . \n quadratic terms , for instance , such as the lanczos - gauss - bonnet ( lgb ) action @xcite , appear in _ bona fide _ r...
[ { "content": "an anticipated highlight of diffraction at lhc is the study of new particles in central exclusive production , @xmath1 . \n detailed investigations have been made for the case where @xmath2 is a higgs boson in the standard model or its supersymmetric extension ( see e.g.@xcite ) , but other system...
[ { "content": "non - zero neutrino masses and their flavor mixings require physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) . one of the attractive mechanisms for generating neutrino masses and mixings is the so - called radiative seesaw in which the smallness of neutrino mass is explained by the suppression from the lo...
[ { "content": "negative index materials ( nims ) were first investigated theoretically by veselago in @xcite and were innovated by nicorovici et al . in @xcite and pendry in @xcite . \n the existence of such materials was confirmed by shelby , smith , and schultz in @xcite . \n the study of nims has attracted a...
[ { "content": "phononic crystals ( pncs ) have emerged as novel platform in which the phonon propagation dynamics can be controlled @xcite . \n pncs are usually composed from a periodically modulated elastic media with the period determined by the wavelength of the corresponding phonon waves . the long range per...
[ { "content": "the first explanation ( or rather prediction ) of the power law of primary cosmic ray spectrum made by e. fermi was purely phenomenological : it was based on the exponential growth of energy with time and exponential distribution of ages of observed particles . \n both of them ignored the real spa...
[ { "content": "in the past few years , many more new charmmium - like states , so - called @xmath11 states , have been observed by the belle , babar and besiii collaborations @xcite . \n the discovery of these states not only enriched the spectroscopy of charmmium - like states , but also provided us an opportu...
[ { "content": "in the fast growing wireless market , the frequency spectrum is one of the most scarce and valuable resources . \n however , some surveys for actual measurements show that most of the allocated spectrum is largely under - utilized @xcite . cognitive radio ( cr ) is known as an efficient way to imp...
[ { "content": "in recent years , we have experienced a renaissance of deep radio surveys , usually associated with multi - waveband observational programmes mainly designed to probe the formation and evolution of galaxies and super massive black holes ( smbh ) . \n these surveys , mostly carried out at 1.4 ghz ,...
[ { "content": "hierarchical scenarios of structure formation have been very succesfull in understanding the formation histories of gravitationally bound virialized haloes . \n particularly compelling has been the formulation of a formalism in which the collapse and virialization of overdense dark matter halos wi...
[ { "content": "in the hope to get a better understanding of strongly interacting systems , there has been considerable interest in ladder systems . \n @xcite these ladder systems have proven to be a theoretical wonderland , both analytically @xcite and numerically . \n @xcite however , much of the analytic work ...
[ { "content": "the detection and characterization of rich clusters of galaxies from low ( @xmath2 ) to high ( @xmath3 ) redshifts provides a crucial test of both cosmological models ( e.g. , carlberg et al . \n 1996 ; fan , bahcall , & cen 1997 ; oukbir , bartlett & blanchard 1997 ; eke et al . \n 1998 ; borgani...
[ { "content": "multicore processors have become the norm in many execution platforms in various fields . \n such architectures come with a cache memory hierarchy made of several levels , shared or not between cores . \n figure [ cache - archi ] represents the typical cache hierarchy that can be found in a multi...
[ { "content": "this talk is based on the work in ref . . \n i am grateful to the organizers of the sixth alexander friedmann international seminar on gravitation and cosmology , for inviting me to this interesting conference . \n t. d. li and c. n. yang , _ phys . \n rev . _ * 104 * , 254 ( 1956 ) ; y. kobzarev...
[ { "content": "nonequilibrium dynamics has been a topic of intensive research over the last few decades . \n the fact that models displaying identical equilibrium behaviour can be differentiated on the basis of critical relaxation , coarsening and persistence behaviour , has enhanced the interest in this field ....
[ { "content": "a new era of x - ray astronomy has begun with the launch of the @xmath0 @xmath21-@xmath22 @xmath23 on 1999 july 23 , thanks to its very high sensitivity , broad energy range and high angular resolution ( weisskopf et al . 2002 ) . \n the two deepest x - ray surveys ever conducted , 2 ms @xmath0 de...
[ { "content": "among the many important physics processes which can be studied at a future high - energy photon linear collider ( plc ) @xcite , the production of higgs bosons , @xmath6 , stands out . \n in particular , identification of an intermediate - mass standard model higgs boson via its ( dominant ) @xma...
[ { "content": "the concept of geometric phase ( gp ) in quantum system was originally introduced by berry @xcite when he studied the dynamics of a closed quantum system which undergoes an adiabatic cyclic evolution . \n he found that besides the usual dynamical phase , the system also acquires an additional phas...
[ { "content": "nanomagnets offer the ultimate thermodynamic limits of computation , as expressed by landauer s principle @xcite . \n therefore , spintronics technology that uses electron spin for information processing and communication presents a favorable option to implement future low - power devices . \n mo...
[ { "content": "the large - scale distribution of galaxies contains the signature of acoustic waves that propagated through the universe prior to the epoch of recombination . \n this signal , referred to as baryon acoustic oscillations ( bao ) , appears as a modulation in the amplitude of the galaxy power spectru...
[ { "content": "our knowledge of uv radiation fields and energy injection into the igm at @xmath3 is fairly tenuous . \n there are two main constraints : observations of the integrated background light ( madau & pozzetti 2000 , bernstein et al 1999 ) , and the fact that no gunn - peterson trough is observed in th...
[ { "content": "for quite some time , kaons have attracted the attention of nuclear physicists . \n the reason is that strangeness , a quantum number conserved in strong interactions , attributes a special role to the kaons among the possible projectiles for investigating nuclear structure . \n kaons have two pro...
[ { "content": "one major challenge in nonequilibrium many - body physics is to identify situations with a sufficient degree of universality , i.e. phenomena that occur independently of a precise microscopic realization and are largely insensitive to the specific choice of initial conditions . \n several situati...
[ { "content": "the k1v star hd 189733 hosts the transiting gas giant planet hd 189733b , at an orbital distance of 0.03 au @xcite . \n in some ways this system is nearly optimally suited for study with transmission spectroscopy . \n its short planetary orbital period ( 2.2 days ) , its great stellar brightness (...
[ { "content": "flocking refers to a family of behaviours regularly seen in nature , including schooling of fish@xcite and flocking of birds and moths@xcite . whilst the features that are truly essential to flocks remain open to speculation@xcite \n it is clear that the variety of biological@xcite and engineered@...
[ { "content": "hopping conduction in solids governed by strong electric fields is in the focus of intensive theoretical and experimental study since several decades [ see , for instance , chapter 7 in ref . and references therein ] . in recent years \n , particular interest to this research area has been cause...
[ { "content": "the relativistic binary pulsar b1913 + 16 , discovered by hulse & taylor ( 1975 ) , has now been observed for twenty seven years . after a several year hiatus due to the arecibo upgrading project \n , we have resumed regular timing and profile measurements . in this paper , we describe the resul...
[ { "content": "carbon nanotubes belong to the most promising new materials for the future molecular electronics , they are believed to potentially replace in the near future the silicon - based conventional electronics . to illustrate the enormous scientific and technological progress that has been made since ca...
[ { "content": "a large variety of natural systems exhibit irregular and complex behavior which at first looks erratic , but in fact possesses scale invariant structure ( e.g. , @xcite ) . \n a process @xmath9 is called self - similar@xcite if for some @xmath10 , @xmath11 where the symbol of equality refers here ...
[ { "content": "let @xmath3 be an oriented closed surface of genus @xmath4 the @xmath5-representation space @xmath6 is the space of group homomorphisms @xmath7 from the fundamental group of @xmath3 into @xmath8 endowed with the compact open topology . \n the euler class @xmath9 of @xmath1 is the euler class of th...
[ { "content": "the presence of rashba - type @xcite spin - orbit interaction @xcite ( soi ) in semiconducting materials can lead to spin - dependent quantum mechanical phenomena that are of both fundamental and practical interest . in rings and loop geometries \n fundamental interference effects can be observed ...
[ { "content": "the physics of low - dimensional magnetic systems continues to attract attention because of the association with peculiar quantum effects.@xcite prominent examples like the spin - peierls transition and the spin ladder compounds have been characterized by ground states of the spin singlet with a f...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , esposito et . \n al . have proposed a dynamical model to explain the aggregation and disaggregation processes observed in saturn s f ring and the b ring outer edge due to the perturbation caused by the saturn s moon , prometheus and mimas , respectively . \n their numerical simulations...