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[ { "content": "deploying more cellular base stations ( bs ) has been the main remedy to cope with relentless traffic growth . to reach the highest capacities , \n interest has lately been turning toward ultra - dense bs deployment @xcite , @xcite , where the density of bs may even exceed the typical number of us...
[ { "content": "a description of the ipta data challenge and the data sets can be found at _ http://www.ipta4gw.org/_. the first round consisted of three parts - datasets 1,2 , and 3 , each with one open data set for testing purposes and one closed data set as a blind challenge . \n the datasets were arranged in ...
[ { "content": "it is well known that the performance of a wireless network can be significantly improved by cooperative transmission among nodes in the network . \n many cooperative transmission designs aim to exploit cooperative diversity that is inherently present in the network . \n such designs have been sug...
[ { "content": "the rich phenomenology of high-@xmath3 superconductors @xcite has stimulated strong experimental and theoretical interest in the field of strongly correlated electron systems . \n apart from the anomalously high transition temperatures , these compounds are also of interest due to their unusual no...
[ { "content": "the capacity analysis of _ noncoherent _ fading channels has received considerable attention in recent years since it provides the ultimate limit on the rate of reliable communication on such channels . \n proposed approaches to modeling noncoherent fading channels can be classified into two broad...
[ { "content": "we recently studied effects of particle size and final - state interactions in the reaction @xmath0 within the framework of a constituent quark model @xcite . \n the aim was to improve previous attempts @xcite to describe the lear data on @xmath0 differential cross sections @xmath2 and analyzing p...
[ { "content": "when an intense electric field is applied to a suspension containing highly polarized particled embedded in a host fluid , the particles will form chains due to the induced dipole moments inside the particles , and hence complex anisotropic structures occur . \n also , the apparent viscosity of th...
[ { "content": "an isolated classical system always has a fixed value of the total energy . \n in contrast , an isolated quantum system can be in a superposition of states with different total energies @xcite . \n this entails the following difficulty for the foundations of statistical physics : a typical isolat...
[ { "content": "in 1994 , shor s ground - breaking paper presented an efficient quantum algorithm for integer factoring @xcite . \n many other very important results have followed , but the true potential of quantum computers is still unknown . \n one step towards understanding it is to consider what are the diff...
[ { "content": "the scaling behavior of directed percolation is recognized as the paradigm of the critical behavior of several non - equilibrium systems which exhibits a continuous phase transition from an active state to an absorbing non - active state ( see for instance @xcite ) . \n the widespread occurrence ...
[ { "content": "in a hierarchical evolutionary scenario , galaxies experience accretion / merging events during their lifetime . while early - type galaxies in nearby clusters appear ( homogeneously ) old , the field early - type galaxy population seems to contain genuinely , recently _ rejuvenated _ objects ( se...
[ { "content": "first observed in the @xmath5 meson system at argus , the neutral b meson transition from the particle to anti - particle state , and vice versa , occurs through a second order weak transition or `` box diagram '' . \n the frequency of the oscillation is proportional to the small difference in mas...
[ { "content": "short gamma - ray bursts ( sgrbs ) are usually defined by the prompt duration , i.e. , gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) with @xmath15 @xcite . \n a significant fraction of the sgrbs is accompanied by longer duration ( up to @xmath1 ) extended emissions ( ees ) @xcite . \n the isotropic energy of the p...
[ { "content": "the holographic principle in field theory states that , in the presence of gravity , physics in a region of space - time can be encoded on a lower - dimensional surface . \n the maldacena @xmath0 conjecture @xcite provides explicit examples for some of these holographic encodings . \n for example ...
[ { "content": "_ the economist _ @xcite is a well known weekly newspaper of economics and economics related subjects . \n frequently , it publishes interesting quantitative information in paper and on the web , especially in the _ daily chart _ section . in occasion of the 2014 world cup it collected the amount ...
[ { "content": "70 years ago myron mathisson has presented the equations describing the motions of a spinning test particle in a gravitational field @xcite \n @xmath0 @xmath1 where @xmath2 is the 4-velocity of a spinning particle , @xmath3 is the antisymmetric tensor of spin , @xmath4 and @xmath5 are , respective...
[ { "content": "it is now widely accepted that the horizontal structure of the sunspot penumbra is composed of two magnetic components ( solanki 2003 ; bellot rubio 2003 ) . \n one of them possesses a somewhat inclined ( @xmath3 with respect to the vertical direction to the solar surface ) and strong ( @xmath4 g ...
[ { "content": "jets have been observed around a large variety of astrophysical objects , such as young stellar objects ( ysos ) , accreting white dwarfs , x - ray binaries ( xrbs ) , and active galactic nuclei ( agn ) , and are also thought to drive gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) . in ysos jets facilitate angular m...
[ { "content": "the focus of this paper is on the following structured minimization @xmath1 where @xmath2 is a continuously differentiable ( may be nonconvex ) function that is bounded below ; @xmath3 denotes the @xmath0-norm of a vector ; parameter @xmath4 is used to trade off both terms for minimization . due t...
[ { "content": "massive lepton pair production and inclusive direct photon production in hadronic collisions have historically provided an important tool to gain access to parton distributions in hadrons . moreover , direct photons , i.e. photons not from hadronic decay , can be also a powerful probe of the initi...
[ { "content": "[ sec : intro ] dynamic networks , instantiated , e.g. , by wireless sensor networks , mobile ad - hoc networks and vehicle area networks , are becoming ubiquitous nowadays . \n the primary properties of such networks are sets of participants ( called processes in the sequel ) that are a priori...
[ { "content": "the quantum monte carlo ( qmc ) technique is becoming an increasingly important tool in the study of condensed matter @xcite . \n competitive in accuracy with high - level quantum chemistry methods , it has the enormous advantage of being practicable for large systems containing hundreds of atoms...
[ { "content": "there is no statistically significant large scale anisotropy in the observed arrival distribution of ultra - high energy cosmic rays ( uhecrs ) above @xmath2 ev @xcite . \n this may imply an extragalactic origin of cosmic rays above @xmath2 ev , combined with the change of spectral slope of the ob...
[ { "content": "moving target defense ( mtd ) is believed to be a game changer \" for cyber defense . \n although there have been many studies on specific mtd techniques , the power of mtd is often demonstrated via simulation . rigorously characterizing the power of mtd is an important problem and \n is closely ...
[ { "content": "as a part of the third phase of the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss - iii ; * ? ? ? \n * ) , the marvels ( _ _ m__ulti - object _ _ a__po _ _ r__adial _ _ v__elocity _ _ e__xoplanet _ _ l__arge - area _ _ s__urvey ) project is searching for substellar companions by monitoring the radial velocitie...
[ { "content": "harvesting with optimum packet scheduling policy is significantly important for increasing the lifetime and sustainability of wireless sensor networks ( wsns ) and to achieve the demands of green communications @xcite . \n the scarcity and sporadic availability of the energy make it necessary to s...
[ { "content": "newtonian gravity theory has served physics and technology faithfully for well over three centuries . nevertheless , it has long been known that it is only an approximation to a relativistic gravitation theory , usually identified with einstein s 1915 general relativity ( gr ) . \n gr has correctl...
[ { "content": "graphene layers display a number of interesting properties and potential applications owing to the linearly - dispersing bands found near the @xmath0 point in the brillouin zone @xcite . \n however , in order to get a complete characterization of graphene other regions in the brillouin zone need t...
[ { "content": "the discovery of the first binary pulsar in 1974 by r. hulse and j.h . \n taylor had opened fascinating new opportunities for testing alternative theories of gravitation in the radiative and in the strong - gravitational - field regimes outside the boundaries of the solar system . presently , two ...
[ { "content": "the earliest evolutionary phase of star formation , in which a deeply embedded protostar is known to exist , is the so - called class0 stage ( andr et al . \n 1993 ) . since protostars in this phase ( class0 sources ) \n are highly obscured by extended dusty envelopes , they can be observed mainly...
[ { "content": "we are developing a model which aims to reproduce self - consistently observational data of many kinds related to cosmic - ray origin and propagation : direct measurements of nuclei , electrons and positrons , gamma rays , and synchrotron radiation . \n these data provide many independent constrai...
[ { "content": "modelling particle acceleration at snrs is one of the main goal to explain the origin of galactic cosmic rays ( crs ) in the context of the so - called _ supernova paradigm _ ( see e.g. * ? ? ? \n this paradigm requires that snrs are able to accelerate nuclei up to energies as high as a few times ...
[ { "content": "in 1940 kramers derived chemical reaction rates from certain limits in a fokker - planck equation that describes the probability density of a brownian particle in an energy landscape @xcite . \n the limit of high activation energy has been revisited in a recent paper by peletier et al @xcite , whe...
[ { "content": "since the recent discovery of the strongly correlated qcd fluid , the phenomenology of quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) has attracted a lot of attention @xcite . \n many predictions have been made for the several possible phases of the qgp in which quarks and gluons are no longer confined to nucleons...
[ { "content": "semiconductor superlattices ( ssl ) have attracted growing attention in view of their unique electronic properties , which can be used for generation , amplification and detection of a high - frequency electromagnetic radiation @xcite . \n nonlinear transport properties of ssl allows a generation ...
[ { "content": "despite an overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter ( dm ) in our universe @xcite , its real nature is still a great mystery as it has been only seen through gravitational interactions . from the particle physics point of view \n , it is generally expected that dm is composed of som...
[ { "content": "one - dimensional ( 1d ) integer - spin heisenberg antiferromagnets ( haf ) are well - known for the haldane energy gap @xcite between the singlet spin - liquid ground state and the lowest excited state , which is an @xmath8 triplet . \n the application of a magnetic field leads to zeeman splittin...
[ { "content": "the accelerated mode of expansion of the present day universe encourages many researchers to introduce different kind of sources that is able to explain this . among them \n most popular is the dark energy given by a @xmath0 term @xcite , quintessence @xcite , chaplygin gas @xcite . \n recently co...
[ { "content": "the discovery of new spin - orbit related phenomena and states of matter lead to an immense increase of interest in materials containing @xmath0 elements , ir and os in particular . \n @xcite among the new effects , @xcite recently proposed a possibility of excitonic condensation in @xmath1 mater...
[ { "content": "several condensed matter systems have been discovered in recent years whose active electrons have their kinematics governed by the dirac equation @xcite , rather than by the schrdinger equation . \n their dispersion relation , accordingly , has the same form as that of a relativistic particle . \...
[ { "content": "today it is widely accepted that the formation of cosmic relaxed objects proceeds via gravitational instability from small to large scales . \n this clustering process can be studied in detail , following accurately the dynamics of collapse by means of n - body simulations , and statistically , by...
[ { "content": "the study of evolution of globular clusters has a long history \n . it would be most desirable to use direct @xmath0-body calculations in order to follow the evolution of realistic globular clusters realistically , but we do not have enough computing power to do that for @xmath0 comparable to the ...
[ { "content": "the nrqcd factorization formalism provides a systematic framework for analyzing the inclusive production of heavy quarkonium @xcite . \n long - distance effects involving the binding of a heavy quark - antiquark pair into quarkonium are factored into parameters called nrqcd matrix elements . \n th...
[ { "content": "the cause of the accelerated cosmic expansion @xcite remains elusive . \n one possibility is quintessence , in which the acceleration is driven by the potential energy of a scalar field displaced from the minimum of its potential . \n the idea that late - time acceleration could be connected to a ...
[ { "content": "the bifurcation of limit cycles by perturbing a planar system which has a continuous family of _ cycles _ , i.e. periodic orbits , has been an intensively studied phenomenon ; see for instance @xcite and references therein . \n the simplest planar system having a continuous family of cycles is the...
[ { "content": "the phenomenon of gamma ray burst ( grb ) has raised many unresolved issues . \n for example , the nature of the compact object in the progenitor responsible for the jet emission is not yet understood . \n the widely accepted scenario for the grb emission , supported by strong observational eviden...
[ { "content": "since the early days of quantum electronics , non - linear optics has played a basic role both for its relevance as a fundamental chapter of modern science and for its technological applications @xcite . \n nonlinear parametric processes , due to the peculiar correlation properties of the generate...
[ { "content": "we have calculated the cross section of radiative capture process @xmath10 . \n we applied pionless eft to find numerical results for the m1 contributions for this capture process for incident neutron energies relevant for bbn , @xmath12 mev . at these energy our calculation is dominated by s - wa...
[ { "content": "six kilometer - scale laser interferometers designed to observe gravitational waves ( gw ) with unprecedented sensitivities should complete or approach the end of their commissioning in the year 2003 . \n three are operated in north america by the ligo laboratory @xcite , two in europe by the virg...
[ { "content": "determining how well a particular graph is connected is a problem that arises often in various applications . \n for example , as defined in @xcite , _ resilience _ is the ability of a network to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of various faults and challenges to no...
[ { "content": "cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are interacting binary stars consisting of white dwarfs accreting from low - mass , roche lobe filling companions ( see @xcite for a review ) . \n angular momentum is continuously lost from the binary orbit , driving mass transfer , as well as evolution in orbital per...
[ { "content": "solar cycle full - shape prediction methods aim to determine the approximate whole cycle curve , not only its peak magnitude and timing . \n this task is particularly useful for numerous scientific and technological applications . \n the main involved areas are the electric power transmission syst...
[ { "content": "a central problem in the study of deterministic dynamical systems is to identify different types of asymptotic behavior of a given system and to understand how the behavior changes as the system parameter changes @xcite . \n the asymptotic behavior can be , for instance , a periodic oscillation ,...
[ { "content": "during the spectroscopic search for rotation in white dwarfs we noticed that all known zz ceti stars showed peculiar h@xmath0 line profiles ( koester et al . \n the lines could be fitted using a rotationally broadened profile , but the derived rotation rates were incompatible with other data , e.g...
[ { "content": "inclusive semileptonic decays of @xmath1 mesons to charmed final states provide an avenue for measuring the cabibbo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) matrix element @xmath5 @xcite and for determining non - perturbative hadronic properties of the @xmath1 meson . in particular , \n the moments of th...
[ { "content": "in this data driven area , the amount and complexity of the available data grows at an almost incredible speed . \n therefore , there is a high need to develop novel tools to cope with such complex data structures . \n whereas the first statistical techniques were designed only to manage either qu...
[ { "content": "the theory of mixed type equations is one the principal parts of the general theory of partial differential equations . \n the interest for these kinds of equations arises intensively because of both theoretical and practical of their applications . \n many mathematical models of applied problems ...
[ { "content": "* quantum fisher information . * \n we start with a brief introduction of qfi and give a useful form of qfi for a special kind of mixed qudit states , which usually represents the output states of qudit cloning . \n recall that qfi of parameter @xmath3 encoded in @xmath0-dimensional quantum state ...
[ { "content": "in applications of duality theory for crossed products one often has to know how common constructions such as induction and restriction of representations behave under duality . \n thus , after piecemeal results by several authors , echterhoff was led to prove that , for systems involving abelian ...
[ { "content": "the mesic nuclear bound states have been considered to be interesting systems and studied both theoretically and experimentally @xcite . \n so far , one - nucleon transfer reactions have been mainly considered and successfully used to produce the nuclear bound states of meson which is lighter than...
[ { "content": "efforts to design scalable quantum computers ( qcs ) @xcite and other new quantum technologies @xcite are rekindling interest in the phenomenology of open quantum system dynamics . \n while effects of atom - radiation field interactions @xcite have been extensively studied , the consequences of in...
[ { "content": "since the surprising discovery of the @xmath0 in 2003 @xcite , there has been a steadily growing list of new @xmath9 mesons discovered at the @xmath10 factories @xcite . \n these discoveries have revealed that the spectrum of @xmath9 mesons is richer than the charmonium states predicted by quark p...
[ { "content": "the nature of dark energy , which is believed to be responsible for the present phase of accelerated expansion of the universe @xcite , still remains unknown . despite its phenomenological success , \n the simplest description in terms of a cosmological constant ( @xmath0cdm model ) suffers from a...
[ { "content": "in the next few years , the new generation of cmb experiments ( map and planck ) will provide all - sky maps of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) with high resolutions and sensitivities . \n theoretical investigations of different kinds of foregrounds , instrumental noise properties , scan s...
[ { "content": "understanding the inner workings of active galactic nuclei ( agns ) is important for understanding the role of supermassive black holes in galaxy evolution . \n the mid - to - far infrared ( mfir ) is a key wavelength regime for testing the agn unified scheme and probing the nature of the nuclear ...
[ { "content": "this paper addresses the efficient evaluation of finite - temperature response functions @xmath1 for quantum many - particle systems on one - dimensional ( 1d ) lattices in the framework of the _ density matrix renormalization group _ ( dmrg ) @xcite . from the theoretical perspective \n , such qu...
[ { "content": "as far as one - baryon processes are concerned , baryons have always been approximated as static objects at leading order in heavy - baryon chiral perturbation theory ( hbchpt ) , and recoil corrections are treated as subleading perturbations @xcite . \n however , the phenomenological successes o...
[ { "content": "two - dimensional planar billiards are nonlinear systems with rich and interesting dynamical properties . \n a point particle , moving with constant velocity within a closed boundary and exhibiting specular reflections on the walls , can have regular , mixed or fully chaotic dynamics , in strong d...
[ { "content": "the capacitated vehicle routing problem ( @xmath3 ) is an extensively studied combinatorial optimization problem ( see e.g. , the book @xcite and references therein ) . @xmath3is defined on a metric space @xmath4 , where @xmath5 is a finite set of locations / vertices and @xmath6 a distance funct...
[ { "content": "the recent advance in radioactive nuclear beam experiments provides us with novel information on unstable nuclei far away from the stability line ( tanihata et al . 1985 ) . \n the symmetry energy becomes more essential to understand the nuclear structure as we go further away from stability . \...
[ { "content": "ultra cold electrons in two dimensions in a strong perpendicular magnetic field , the quantum hall ( qh ) system @xcite , exhibits a fascinating phase diagram including phases with fractionalized excitations and topological order @xcite . ever since its discovery three decades ago , the qh system ...
[ { "content": "the vast energy budget required by active galactic nuclei ( agn ) is probably provided by the accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole ( bh ) . evidence that such objects can be found in agn is provided by the keplerian motions of the mega - masers observed in some sources ( e.g. miyoshi...
[ { "content": "the tip - based scanning force microscopes of the atomic force microscope ( afm ) family constitute perhaps the single most important tool bag in nanotechnology . \n the substrate topography is extracted from a map of the oscillation frequency of a tip , hovering a short distance above the surface...
[ { "content": "narrow line seyfert 1 galaxies ( nls1s ) are a special type of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) whose optical spectra are similar to seyfert1 type , but with much narrower balmer line width ; they also show weak [ oiii ] lines and strong feii emission in optical and uv ( osterbrock & pogge 1985 ) . ...
[ { "content": "we consider the cauchy problem for the ( nonlinear ) schrdinger equation @xmath1 where the potential @xmath2 is smooth and sub - quadratic ( see below ) , the nonlinearity @xmath3 is sufficiently smooth , and the initial data @xmath4 may or may not belong to weighted @xmath5 spaces @xmath6 ( somet...
[ { "content": "schnirelman s theorem @xcite as well as berry s physical reasoning predict that quantum energy eigenfunctions ( wigner or husimi representation @xcite ) of systems whose classical counterpart is chaotic are uniformly distributed on the energy shell . \n heller , however , has shown that there exis...
[ { "content": "it is long known that the forward compton scattering ( cs ) amplitudes can , by unitarity , causality and crossing , be expressed through integrals of the photoabsorption cross sections @xcite . \n the low - energy expansions of these expressions lead to a number of useful sum rules , most notabl...
[ { "content": "calorimetric studies have long been valuable tools for rigorous tests of physical law , ranging from joseph black s early work on latent heat , to measurements of the metallic specific heat showing the inadequacy of drude s classical model . \n more recently , the high degree of control available ...
[ { "content": "quantum information has recently entered the domain of continuous variable ( cv ) systems @xcite and quantum error correction theory in particular has been extended to the cv framework @xcite . \n in such a framework , the main damage induced by decoherence is typically a small diffusion in the tw...
[ { "content": "in the last several decades many new materials with intriguing properties were discovered and synthesized . \n these materials range from the high - temperature superconductors to magnetic materials , and the latter have already found real applications in electronic industry . \n typically , most ...
[ { "content": "nucleation of bubbles or droplets of the stable phase is a very common phenomenon which initiates relaxation of metastable states near the first order phase transition in many systems of condensed matter physics @xcite , quantum fields @xcite , and cosmology @xcite . \n the main quantity of intere...
[ { "content": "the atlas experiment@xcite is one of two general purpose collider detectors for the large hadron collider ( lhc ) at cern . \n the atlas detector consists of an inner detector employing silicon pixel , strip , and transition radiation tracking detectors , all in a solenoidal magnetic field of 2 te...
[ { "content": "the most metal - deficient stars of the local universe provide an unparallelled opportunity to study material representative of a much earlier epoch , perhaps predating the formation of the prominent components of the highest redshift galaxies being discovered today . \n while the massive globular...
[ { "content": "potassium sulfate k@xmath4so@xmath1 crystallizes at room temperature in the orthorhombic olivine type structure and has four formula units per d@xmath5 unit cell , with lattice constants @xmath6 , @xmath7 , and @xmath8 @xcite . the mineral olivine ( mg , fe)@xmath4sio@xmath1 is a major component ...
[ { "content": "within our solar system , earth and smaller bodies are primarily mixtures of refractories , rock and metals . in the outer solar system , \n bodies that are too small to retain deep atmospheres contain rock and ices . in the larger planets , including uranus and neptune , the light elements h and ...
[ { "content": "hierarchical models of structure formation suggest that dwarf galaxies are the building blocks of larger galaxies , merging at high redshift to form the distribution of galaxies we see today . \n dwarfs , and even smaller stellar systems , are also responsible for the origin of some of the lyman ...
[ { "content": "according to the experimentally realizable phases that support topological objects , the fractional quantum hall ( fqh ) effect , since its discovery @xcite , has appealed to tremendous theoretical and experimental attractions and achieved us a collection of methods to study the strongly correlat...
[ { "content": "savannas ecosystems are characterized by the long - term coexistence between a continuous grass layer and scattered or clustered trees @xcite . \n occurring in many regions of the world , in areas with very different climatic and ecological conditions , the spatial structure , persistence , and re...
[ { "content": "when a nonlinear system shows unexpectedly simple behavior , it may be a clue that some hidden structure awaits discovery . \n for example , recall the classic detective story @xcite that began in the 1950s with the work of fermi , pasta , and ulam @xcite . in their numerical simulations of a ch...
[ { "content": "all biomembranes mainly consist of lipid bilayers , and functional proteins float on them . \n such bilayers also appear in aqueous solutions of synthesized phospholipids . \n therefore , bilayers in such solutions are intensively studied to understand the physical properties of biomembranes . mor...
[ { "content": "we consider finite graphs @xmath3 with vertex set @xmath4 and edge set @xmath5 . \n the graphs might have multiple edges but no loops , and throughout this paper we assume that the graphs under consideration are connected ( otherwise we will mention this explicitely ) . terms and concepts that we ...
[ { "content": "suppose we are given a finite set @xmath1 , a finite cyclic group @xmath2 acting on @xmath1 , and a polynomial @xmath3 $ ] with integer coefficients . \n following reiner , stanton , and white @xcite , we say that the triple @xmath4 exhibits the _ \n cyclic sieving phenomenon _ ( csp ) if for ever...
[ { "content": "a general theory of games first introduced in @xcite has found several applications in the field of economics and engineering . \n a solution concept or a notion of equilibrium was proposed by nash ( known as nash equilibrium ) in @xcite and was shown to exist in every finite normal - form game . ...
[ { "content": "the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave radiation ( cmbr ) carries much cosmological information about primordial density fluctuations in the early universe . \n as photons leave the last scattering surface and travel across the universe , however , these brightness fluctuations are modified by...
[ { "content": "bose - einstein condensates form one of the main topics of research at the moment . \n one reason for this enormous interest is the fact that they combine concepts and techniques from different areas of physics , such as quantum optics , condensed matter physics , molecular physics and quantum cha...
[ { "content": "the time variability of cosmic magnetic fields has always been an argument in favour of hydromagnetic dynamo action . \n its understanding is crucial for insights in the interior dynamics of stars and planets . \n the time dependence of convective dynamos is attributable to a non - stationary buoy...
[ { "content": "it is now generally agreed that the x - ray variability properties of @xmath3few solar mass black holes in x - ray binary systems ( xrbs ) and supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei ( agn ) are similar . with a view to providing an independent method for determining physical parameters...
[ { "content": "many experimental groups are presently working on the formation of ultracold molecules and molecular quantum gases . \n a very efficient scheme is the photoassociation reaction , where two colliding atoms absorb a photon to make a molecule @xcite ; moreover ultracold photoassociation spectroscopy ...
[ { "content": "much progress has been made in modelling nucleosynthesis in stars in general , but the origin of nitrogen still remains somewhat uncertain . in the classical picture , the apparent increase in nitrogen production with metallicity , as inferred from spectroscopy of galactic and extragalactic hii - ...
[ { "content": "the topology or inherent shape and form of an object is important . in data analysis , \n the inherent form and structure of data clouds are important . \n quite a few models of data form and structure are used in data analysis . \n one of them is a hierarchically embedded set of clusters , a hie...