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Sustainability also means that your something is always the same and does not change | [
"Some of the best known and most widely used sustainability measures include corporate sustainability reporting , Triple Bottom Line accounting , and estimates of the quality of sustainability governance for individual countries using the Environmental Sustainability Index and Environmental Performance Index ."
] | [
"However , if not given the choice , and required to accept all money , good and bad , they will tend to keep the money of greater perceived value in their possession , and pass on the bad money to someone else ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Fish Hooks is an Animated Series created in 2010 by Noah Z. Jones . | [
"Fish Hooks is an American animated television series created by Noah Z. Jones ."
] | [
"The film was written and directed by the show 's creators , Matt Maiellaro and Dave Willis , and was released on April 13 , 2007 , by First Look Pictures ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The show premiered on September 24 , 2010 . | [
"It premiered on September 24 , 2010 ."
] | [
"It was released by Warner Bros. on October 2 , 1973 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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An extinct language is a language which no longer has any native speakers - the opposite of a Modern language . | [
"An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers ."
] | [
"Although not currently an official language anywhere , Javanese is the Austronesian language with the largest number of native speakers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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There were 977 people living in Ahanpee as of the 2000 Census . | [
"The population was 977 as of the 2000 Census ."
] | [
"With a population of just 17 As of 2004 , it is the smallest municipality in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Kazan University is also known as `` the birthplace of organic chemistry '' because of the works of Aleksandr Butlerov , Vladimir Markovnikov , Aleksandr Arbuzov , and others . | [
"Kazan University is known as `` the birthplace of organic chemistry '' due to works of Aleksandr Butlerov , Vladimir Markovnikov , Aleksandr Arbuzov , and the birthplace of Electron Spin Resonance due to work of Evgeny Zavoisky ."
] | [
"In 1945 , Parajanov traveled to Moscow , enrolled in the directing department at the VGIK , one of the oldest and highly respected film schools of Europe , and studied under the tutelage of directors Igor Savchenko and Aleksandr Dovzhenko ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The famous Russian mathematician Lobachevsky was its rector from 1827 till 1846 . | [
"The famous Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky was its rector from 1827 until 1846 ."
] | [
"He was a professor at Ruhr University in Bochum from 1968 till 2002 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Education:"
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Kazan State University is a university located in Kazan , Tatarstan , Russia . | [
"Kazan Federal University is located in Kazan , Tatarstan , Russia ."
] | [
"Omsk is a Russian city located in southwestern Siberia , it is the administrative center of Omsk Oblast ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Some proteins are always stuck into it , these are called integral membrane proteins . | [
"Peripheral proteins are proteins that are bounded to the membrane by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding with the hydrophilic phospholipid heads . Many of these proteins can be found bounded to the surfaces of integral proteins on either the cytoplasimic side of the cell or the extracellular side of th... | [
"Fungi , bacteria and plants also have the cell wall which provides a mechanical support for the cell and precludes passage of the larger molecules ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is sometimes called the plasma membrane . | [
"Gram-negative bacteria have plasma membrane and outer membrane separated by the periplasmic space . Other prokaryotic species have only plasma membrane ."
] | [
"They do not contain lipids since they are not surrounded by a membrane ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bacteria , fungi and plants have cell walls as well , which support the cell and block the passage of large molecules . | [
"Fungi , bacteria and plants also have the cell wall which provides a mechanical support for the cell and precludes passage of the larger molecules ."
] | [
"Proteins within the membrane are key to the functioning of the overall membrane . These proteins mainly transport chemicals and information across the membrane ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The movement of substances across the membrane can be either passive , occurring without the input of cellular energy , or active , requiring energy . | [
"The movement of substances across the membrane can be either passive , occurring without the input of cellular energy , or active , requiring the cell to expend energy in moving it ."
] | [
"Chemical energy of a chemical substance can be transformed to other forms of energy by a chemical reaction ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In all cells , the cell membrane separates the protoplasm inside the cell from its surroundings . In animal cells , that is all there is . | [
"The cell membrane surrounds the protoplasm of a cell and , in animal cells , physically separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment ."
] | [
"Transmembrane receptors span the cell membrane , with part of the receptor outside and part inside the cell ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Proteins within the membrane are key to its working . These proteins mainly transport chemicals and information across the membrane . | [
"Most membrane proteins must be inserted in some way into the membrane ."
] | [
"Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding and the interactions between the various systems of a cell , including the interactions between the different types of DNA , RNA and protein biosynthesis as well as learning how these interactions are regulated ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The membrane contains many proteins . | [
"Proteins within the membrane are key to the functioning of the overall membrane . These proteins mainly transport chemicals and information across the membrane ."
] | [
"The III-S strain DNA contains the genes that form the protective polysaccharide capsule ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Proteins within the membrane are key to its working . | [
"Proteins within the membrane are key to the functioning of the overall membrane ."
] | [
"Fungi , bacteria and plants also have the cell wall which provides a mechanical support for the cell and precludes passage of the larger molecules ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The New York Provincial Congress was an organization that was started by rebels in 1775 during the American Revolution as a replacement for the Province of New York Assembly , and as a replacement for the Committee of One Hundred . | [
"The New York Provincial Congress ( 1775-1777 ) was an organization formed by rebels in 1775 , during the American Revolution , as a pro-rebellion alternative to the more conservative Province of New York Assembly , and as a replacement for the Committee of One Hundred ."
] | [
"The Declaration of Rights and Grievances was a document created during the Committees of Correspondence declaring that taxes imposed on British colonists without their formal consent were unconstitutional ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Michael David Adamle ( born October 4 , 1949 ; pronounced ( Ë Ã dÉ m. li ) ) is a sports personality and former National Football League player . | [
"Michael David `` Mike '' Adamle ( born October 3 , 1949 ) is a sports personality and former National Football League player ."
] | [
"Michael Shawn Hettinga ( born July 17 , 1978 ) is an American professional wrestler ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He is perhaps best known as the co-host of the cult-favorite American Gladiators series for seven years . | [
"He is best known as the co-host of American Gladiators series for seven years ."
] | [
"Robson found success not only as a choreographer and tour director but also as the host and executive producer for The Wade Robson Project which aired on MTV in 2003 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Frank Abbandando ( July 11 , 1910 â `` February 19 , 1942 ) , nicknamed `` The Dasher '' was a contract killer ( someone who kills for money ) for a famous gang called Murder , inc. | [
"Frank Abbandando ( July 11 , 1910 -- February 19 , 1942 ) , nicknamed `` The Dasher '' , was a New York contract killer who committed many murders as part of the infamous Murder , Inc. gang ."
] | [
"John `` Papa Johnny '' Torrio ( February 1882 -- April 16 , 1957 ) , also known as `` The Fox '' , was an Italian-American mobster who helped build the criminal empire known as the Chicago Outfit in the 1920s that was later inherited by his protege , Al Capone ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Marc Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a former Belgian football player . | [
"Marc Robert Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 in Dongelberg , Belgium ) is a former Belgian football player ."
] | [
"Gert Engels ( born 26 April 1957 ) is a former German football ( soccer ) player and coach ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The website is very popular and has attracted at least 8.7 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a study made by Compete.com . | [
"The domain mediafire.com attracted almost nine million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study ."
] | [
"Kijiji was made available to selected cities in the United States on June 29 , 2007 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The service is available for free and allows users to upload files of up to 100 MB . | [
"The service allows users to upload files of up to 200 MB each for free and 10 GB for paid subscribers ."
] | [
"In website hosting , the term `` bandwidth '' is often incorrectly used to describe the amount of data transferred to or from the website or server within a prescribed period of time , for example bandwidth consumption accumulated over a month measured in gigabytes per month ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Furthermore , images can be uploaded and displayed in galleries . | [
"Furthermore , images of size 25 MB can be uploaded and displayed in galleries"
] | [
"However , readers often prefer a vertical listing of data , down each column ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The user is then supplied with a unique URL , which locates the file and enables anyone with whom the uploader shares it to download the file . | [
"The user is then supplied with a unique URL , which locates the file and enables anyone who knows it to download the file ."
] | [
"However , if a message is digitally signed , any change in the message after signature will invalidate the signature ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The University of Notre Dame is in South Bend . | [
"The South Bend area is home to several institutions of higher learning , the most famous of which is the University of Notre Dame . The university is located to the north of South Bend in Notre Dame , Indiana ."
] | [
"Epworth is home to Divine Word College , which is a Roman Catholic seminary . Also , Western Dubuque High School is in Epworth ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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South Bend is a city of northern Indiana in the United States . It is the county seat of St. Joseph County near the St. Joseph River . | [
"The city of South Bend is the county seat of St. Joseph County , Indiana , United States , on the St. Joseph River near its southernmost bend , from which it derives its name ."
] | [
"La Porte ( French for `` The Door '' ) is a city in La Porte County , Indiana , United States , of which it is the county seat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is the fourth largest city in Indiana . The University of Notre Dame is in South Bend . | [
"It is the fourth largest city in Indiana , the economic and cultural hub of the Michiana region , in which is situated the University of Notre Dame ."
] | [
"La Porte ( French for `` The Door '' ) is a city in La Porte County , Indiana , United States , of which it is the county seat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Sinterklaas is the basis of the mythical holiday figure of Santa Claus in the United States . | [
"Sinterklaas is the basis of the holiday figure of Santa Claus in North America ."
] | [
"In the English-speaking world , the character called `` Father Christmas '' influenced the development in the United States of Santa Claus , and in the United Kingdom and elsewhere , most people now consider them to be interchangeable . However , although `` Father Christmas '' and `` Santa Claus '' have for most ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Sinterklaas ( also called Sint Nicolaas ) is a traditional winter holiday figure in the Netherlands , Aruba , Suriname , Netherlands Antilles and Belgium . Every year he is celebrated in The Netherlands , one day before Saint Nicholas died ( 5 December ) and on ( 6 December ) in Belgium . | [
"Sinterklaas is a traditional Winter holiday figure in Dutch-speaking Europe ( Netherlands and Flanders ; today also known in territories of the former Dutch Empire , including South Africa , Aruba , Suriname , Curaà ao , Bonaire , and Indonesia ) ; he is celebrated annually on Saint Nicholas ' eve ( 5 December ) o... | [
"Both setting up and taking down a Christmas tree are associated with specific dates . Traditionally , Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until Christmas Eve ( 24 December ) or , in the traditions celebrating Christmas Eve rather than on the first of day of Christmas , the 23 December , and then remo... | SimpleWiki | {
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Francesco Totti ( born 27 September 1976 ) is an Italian football player . He plays for Roma . | [
"Francesco Totti , Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI , ( born 27 September 1976 in Rome ) is an Italian World Cup-winning footballer who is the current captain of Serie A club Roma ."
] | [
"Daniele Bonera ( born 31 May 1981 ) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Serie A club Milan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was picked by the Philadelphia Eagles with the second pick in the first round of the 1999 NFL Draft . | [
"The Eagles selected him as the second overall pick of the 1999 NFL Draft ."
] | [
"Pitta was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round ( 114th overall ) of the 2010 NFL Draft ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Donovan McNabb is an American football quarterback for the Washington Redskins . | [
"Donovan James McNabb ( born November 25 , 1976 ) is an American football quarterback for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League ( NFL ) ."
] | [
"Matthew Stephen Leinart ( born May 11 , 1983 ) , is an American professional football quarterback for the Houston Texans of the National Football League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He played football in college for Syracuse . | [
"In college , McNabb played football and basketball for Syracuse University ."
] | [
"McGee was the starting center for the University of Nevada , Reno ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Lamoni is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Lamoni is a city in Decatur County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The River Dajabà n is between Ouanaminthe and the Dominican city of Dajabà n. The border crossing to Dajabà n is one of the four chief land crossings from Haiti to the Dominican Republic and Haitians living in Ouanaminthe are allowed to cross the border to Dajabà n only two days per week . | [
"The Massacre River is located between Ouanaminthe and Dajabà n in the Dominican Republic . The border crossing to Dajabà n is one of the four chief land crossings to the Dominican Republic ."
] | [
"Santo Domingo Este is across the Ozama River which divides the east and west sections of metropolitan Santo Domingo ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Clinchco is a town of Virginia in the United States . | [
"Clinchco is a town in Dickenson County , Virginia , United States ."
] | [
"Radford is a city in Virginia , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A hairstyle is the way hair is cut and styled . A haircut may be just practical , but a hairdo suggests professional styling . | [
"A hairstyle , hairdo , `` lowering of the ears '' or haircut refers to the styling of hair , usually on the human head ."
] | [
"It can also include cosmetic care of the body , such as shaving . Another suitable alternative to shaving is beard grooming ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The fashioning of hair is an aspect of fashion , and cosmetics , although practical , cultural , and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles | [
"The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming , fashion , and cosmetics , although practical , cultural , and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles ."
] | [
"Common tactics include re-figuring logos , fashion statements , and product images as a means to challenge the idea of `` what 's cool '' along with assumptions about the personal freedoms of consumption ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Socks , mittens , and sweaters can be made with circular knitting . | [
"Longer circular needles can be used to produce narrow tubes of knitting for socks , mittens , and other items using the Magic Loop technique ."
] | [
"They are limited to two color combinations ( pink & yellow and purple & green ) so far , and they can sing three new songs and dance ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is done with circular or double-pointed needles . | [
"Originally , circular knitting was done using a set of four or five double-pointed needles ."
] | [
"It uses a stock at the crown to which two large flat triangular flukes are attached ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Flavy-le-Martel is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Flavy-le-Martel is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Bosmont-sur-Serre is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Gouvy is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Luxembourg . | [
"Gouvy is a municipality of Belgium . It lies in the country 's Walloon Region and Luxembourg Province ."
] | [
"Fosses-la-Ville is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
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Rosmarinus is a small genus of woody , perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves in the family Lamiaceae , native to the Mediterranean region . | [
"Rosmarinus is a small genus of woody , perennial herbs with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves in the family Lamiaceae , native to the Mediterranean Basin ."
] | [
"Gaillardia , the Blanket flowers , is a genus of drought-tolerant annual and perennial plants from the sunflower family ( Asteraceae ) , native to North and South America ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Gajac , Gironde is a commune . | [
"Gajac is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France ."
] | [
"Sallaumines is a commune of northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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Langdon Place is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Langdon Place is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Masaru Kurotsu ( born 20 August 1982 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Kawasaki Frontale . | [
"Masaru Kurotsu is a Japanese football player currently playing for Kawasaki Frontale ."
] | [
"Shinya Chiba ( born May 3 , 1983 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Each match had six wrestler in it : the defending champion and five challengers . | [
"Each match featured six competitors : the defending champion and five challengers ."
] | [
"There are two races ; the first where each team has three skaters in a race against each other and the second for the best individuals of each conference ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Elimination Chamber ( also known as No Way Out in Germany ) was a pro wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on February 21 , 2010 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis , Missouri . | [
"Elimination Chamber ( 2010 ) ( also known as No Way Out ( 2010 ) in Germany ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on February 21 , 2010 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis , Missouri ."
] | [
"Christopher Todd Mordetzky ( born January 8 , 1983 ) is an American professional wrestler best known by his ring name `` The Masterpiece '' Chris Masters . He currently wrestles for World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) on its SmackDown brand ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The idea of the show was that the two main event matches , one for the World Heavyweight Championship and one for the WWE Championship , would be in an Elimination Chamber . | [
"The concept of the event was that the two main event matches , one each for the World Heavyweight Championship and the WWE Championship , would occur in an Elimination Chamber ."
] | [
"The title was finally retired on August 26 , 2002 when WWE Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam defeated Hardcore Champion Tommy Dreamer to unify the titles . This was exactly a month after Van Dam defeated Jeff Hardy in a ladder match to unify the WWE Intercontinental title and the European Championship ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On the undercard , Drew McIntyre defended the WWE Intercontinental Championship against Kane , The Miz defended the WWE United States Championship against Montel Vontavious Porter , and Maryse and Gail Kim wrestled against Team Lay-Cool ( Layla and Michelle McCool ) in a tag team match . | [
"On the undercard , Drew McIntyre defended the WWE Intercontinental Championship against Kane , The Miz defended the WWE United States Championship against Montel Vontavious Porter , and Maryse and Gail Kim competed against Team Lay-Cool ( Layla and Michelle McCool ) in an interbrand Divas tag team match ."
] | [
"On the November 29 episode of Raw , Tatsu teamed with Mark Henry to defeat WWE Tag Team Champions Justin Gabriel and Heath Slater , after a distraction by John Cena ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey . | [
"The New Jersey State Prison ( formerly Trenton State Prison ) , which has two maximum security units , is located in Trenton ."
] | [
"Charleston is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of West Virginia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey . It is the county seat of Mercer County . | [
"Trenton is the capital of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County ."
] | [
"Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She was sold at auction in July 1792 . Renamed the Thomas and Nancy she carried coal on the Thames until 1806 . | [
"She was bought at auction in July 1792 , renamed Thomas and Nancy , and carried coal in the Thames area until 1806 ."
] | [
"Munroe Bight to the north of Cape Pillar is named after the former American barque James Munroe wrecked there in 1850 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When HMS Sirius was wrecked in 1790 , the Supply was the new settlement 's only ship . In April 1790 she made a trip to Batavia to get more food . | [
"Following the loss of Sirius in 1790 she became the colony 's only link with the outside world ."
] | [
"The Friendship left Port Jackson on 14 July 1788 in company with Alexander . The crews of both ships were so badly affected by scurvy off the coast of Borneo that enough healthy sailors remained for only one working ship , and the Friendship was deliberately sunk ( scuttled ) on the 28th of October 1788 ."
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After the setting up of the penal colony at Port Jackson , HMS Supply made 10 trips to Norfolk Island . | [
"After the establishment of the initial settlement at Port Jackson , she was the link between the colony and Norfolk Island , making 10 trips ."
] | [
"On 17 May 1788 she landed at Lord Howe Island for birds and vegetables , and arrived in England on 15 June 1789 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She left for England in November 1791 and reached Plymouth on April 21 1792 . | [
"Supply left Port Jackson on 26 November 1791 and sailed via Cape Horn reaching Plymouth on 21 April 1792 ."
] | [
"Upon his arrival at Gorizia he caught cholera and died on 6 November 1836 ."
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Ned ZeliÄ ( born 4 July 1971 ) is a former Australian football player . | [
"Nedijeljko `` Ned '' ZeliÄ , ( born 4 July 1971 ) is a former Australian football ( soccer ) player ."
] | [
"FrantiÅ ek Straka ( born 28 May 1958 ) is a Czech former football player and manager ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
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King John II of France was captured during the battle . | [
"The new French king , John II , was captured ( See : Ransom of King John II of France ) ."
] | [
"In 1081 Henry opened the conflict against Gregory in Italy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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From 1348 to 1356 there was very little fighting because of the Black Death . | [
"In 1348 , the Black Death began to ravage Europe ."
] | [
"The demise of this empire , which had ruled much of western Europe for more than 200 years , was followed by a long period during which no strong central government existed in most of Europe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Potts finished his book with the words : `` Thus were these poore Innocent creatures , by the great care and paines of this honorable Judge , delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie ; this bloudie practice of the Priest laid open '' . | [
"Potts concludes his account of the trial with the words : `` Thus were these poore Innocent creatures , by the great care and paines of this honorable Judge , delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie ; this bloudie practice of the Priest laid open '' ."
] | [
"The remainder - Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley - were accused of using `` diverse devillish and wicked Arts , called Witchcrafts , Inchauntments , Charmes , and Sorceries , in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts '' , to which they pleaded not guilty ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In contrast , other people tried at the same time were accused of maleficium , that is causing harm by witchcraft . This included the Pendle witches . | [
"In contrast , the others tried at the same assizes , who included the Pendle witches , were accused of maleficium - causing harm by witchcraft ."
] | [
"Instead , the commune would promise to exact revenge on the attacker , the threat of revenge being a form of defense ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Many historians , notably Hugh Trevor-Roper , have said that the witch trials of the 16th and 17th century were a result of the religious struggles of the period . During this time , both the Catholic and Protestant Churches wanted to stamp out what they saw as heresy . | [
"Many historians , notably Hugh Trevor-Roper , have suggested that the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries were a consequence of the religious struggles of the period , with both the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church determined to stamp out what they regarded as heresy ."
] | [
"The movement 's purpose was to reaffirm key theological tenets and zealously defend them against the challenges of liberal theology and higher criticism ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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During the 16th century English Reformation , the Church of England broke away from the rule of the pope and the Catholic Church . This event split up the Southworth family of Samlesbury Hall . | [
"The 16th-century English Reformation , during which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church , split the Southworth family of Samlesbury Hall ."
] | [
"It was written by the colonists , later together known to history as the Pilgrims , who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower . Almost half of the colonists were part of a separatist group seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination and not the will of the English Church .... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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On 21 March 1612 , Alizon Device , who lived just outside the Lancashire village of Fence , near Pendle Hill , met John Law , a pedlar from Halifax . | [
"On 21 March 1612 , Alizon Device , who lived just outside the Lancashire village of Fence , near Pendle Hill , encountered John Law , a pedlar from Halifax ."
] | [
"The last recorded uses of the stool for ducking involve a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth ( 1808 ) and Jenny Pipes , a notorious scold from Leominster ( 1809 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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In 1604 a new witchcraft law was made , called `` An Act against Conjuration , Witchcraft and dealing with evil and wicked spirits '' . Anyone who caused harm by the use of magic or the exhumation of corpses for magical purposes would be given the death penalty . | [
"In 1604 , the year following James 's accession to the English throne , a new witchcraft law was enacted , `` An Act against Conjuration , Witchcraft and dealing with evil and wicked spirits '' , imposing the death penalty for causing harm by the use of magic or the exhumation of corpses for magical purposes ."
] | [
"Those curse tablets targeted at thieves or other criminals may have been more public , more acceptable ; some scholars even refuse to apply the word `` curse '' to such `` positive '' texts , preferring expressions such as `` judicial prayers '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Other Lancashire magistrates learned of Nowell 's discovery of witchcraft in the county . On 15 April 1612 JP Robert Holden began investigations in his own area of Samlesbury . | [
"Other Lancashire magistrates learned of Nowell 's discovery of witchcraft in the county , and on 15 April 1612 JP Robert Holden began investigations in his own area of Samlesbury ."
] | [
"Jane Southworth ( nà e Sherburne ) and John were married in about 1598 , and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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She said that both her grandmother and aunt , Jennet and Ellen Bierley , were able to change themselves into dogs and that they had `` haunted and vexed her '' for years . | [
"In her statement she claimed that both her grandmother and aunt , Jennet and Ellen Bierley , were able to transform themselves into dogs and that they had `` haunted and vexed her '' for years ."
] | [
"Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Margaret Larner , who he later discovers to be the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been strangely linked since that day ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Their trial on 19 August 1612 was one of a series of witch trials held over two days . It is among the most famous in English history . | [
"Their trial at Lancaster Assizes in England on 19 August 1612 was one in a series of witch trials held there over two days , among the most famous in English history ."
] | [
"In spite of the fact that a number of members of the panel of judges were men ill-disposed to Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war , Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26 , 1780 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley were said to have used `` diverse devillish and wicked Arts , called Witchcrafts , Inchauntments , Charmes , and Sorceries , in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts '' , to which they pleaded not guilty . | [
"The remainder - Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley - were accused of using `` diverse devillish and wicked Arts , called Witchcrafts , Inchauntments , Charmes , and Sorceries , in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts '' , to which they pleaded not guilty ."
] | [
"Potts concludes his account of the trial with the words : `` Thus were these poore Innocent creatures , by the great care and paines of this honorable Judge , delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie ; this bloudie practice of the Priest laid open '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Grace also said that her grandmother and aunt , with Jane Southworth , went to sabbats held every Thursday and Sunday night at Red Bank , on the north shore of the River Ribble . | [
"Grace also alleged that her grandmother and aunt , with Jane Southworth , attended sabbats held every Thursday and Sunday night at Red Bank , on the north shore of the River Ribble ."
] | [
"Despite almost daily reports of missing property , he was able to evade capture until 15 February , when a man named Wimbow , who had been pursuing him with a partner for days , found him in an area of thick brush called Liberty Plains ( near what is now the Concord\\/Strathfield area of Sydney ) and shot him ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Sir John Southworth , head of the family until his death in 1595 , was a leading recusant . He had been arrested many times for not giving up his Catholic faith . | [
"Sir John Southworth , head of the family , was a leading recusant who had been arrested several times for refusing to abandon his Catholic faith ."
] | [
"Born in London and descended from an old Norfolk family , Gresham was one of two sons and two daughters of Sir Richard Gresham , a leading London merchant , who for some time held the office of Lord Mayor , and who for his services as agent of Henry VIII in negotiating loans with foreign merchants received the hon... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about History:",
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Potts was told to write his account by the trial judges , and had completed the work by 16 November 1612 . | [
"Potts was instructed to write his account by the trial judges , and had completed the work by 16 November 1612 ."
] | [
"Chandler was tried and found guilty of the murders , and was sentenced to death on November 4 , 1994 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the sentence about Crime and criminal profiling:"
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Thomas Potts , the clerk , wrote that after hearing the evidence many of those in court were persuaded of the accused 's guilt . | [
"Thomas Potts , the clerk to the Lancaster Assizes , records that after hearing the evidence many of those in court were persuaded of the accused 's guilt ."
] | [
"An enquiry was held but no attempt was made to arrest Donald Traill , master of Neptune and described as a demented sadist , or bring a public prosecution against him , the other masters , or the firm of contractors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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His eldest son , also called John , did join the Church of England , for which his father disinherited him . The rest of the family stayed strictly Catholic . | [
"His eldest son , also called John , did convert to the Church of England , for which he was disinherited , but the rest of the family remained staunchly Catholic ."
] | [
"From this post he was called , at the end of twenty years , to the chair of moral theology in Madrid , where he died ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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However , the three Samlesbury women were found not guilty of witchcraft . | [
"However , all three of the Samlesbury women were acquitted ."
] | [
"Although the only charge which could be proved against him was that he had been seen wearing the club 's colors , he was condemned to death for high treason ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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John had died only a few months before her trial for witchcraft in 1612 , and she had seven children . | [
"Jane had been widowed only a few months before her trial for witchcraft in 1612 , and had seven children ."
] | [
"Melanie visited him faithfully during his decline until his death on 22 February 1903 ; her lack of faith to her husband , however , tortured her , and she killed herself in 1906 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The trial was held on 19 August 1612 before Sir Edward Bromley , a judge seeking promotion to a circuit nearer London . He may have wanted to impress King James , the head of the judiciary . | [
"The trial was held on 19 August 1612 before Sir Edward Bromley , a judge seeking promotion to a circuit nearer London , and who may therefore have been keen to impress King James , the head of the judiciary ."
] | [
"Although some counties were left without lieutenants during the 1590s , following the defeat of the Spanish Armada , the office continued to exist , and was retained by James I even after the end of the war against Spain in 1604 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The accused witches lived in Lancashire . At the end of the 16th century , the government thought this county was a wild and lawless area , `` fabled for its theft , violence and sexual laxity , where the church was honored without much understanding of its doctrines by the common people '' . | [
"The accused witches lived in Lancashire , an English county which , at the end of the 16th century , was regarded by the authorities as a wild and lawless region , `` fabled for its theft , violence and sexual laxity , where the church was honored without much understanding of its doctrines by the common people ''... | [
"The walled city represented protection from direct assault at the price of corporate interference on the pettiest levels , but once a townsman left the city walls , he ( for women scarcely traveled ) was at the mercy of often violent and lawless nobles in the countryside ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Based on the evidence and confessions he obtained , Nowell sent Alizon and ten others to Lancaster Gaol , to be tried for maleficiumâ '' causing harm by witchcraft . | [
"Based on the evidence and confessions he obtained , Nowell committed Alizon and ten others to Lancaster Gaol to be tried at the next assizes for maleficium , causing harm by witchcraft ."
] | [
"James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Relations father and son were not polite ; John Singleton , said that the father would not even go passed his son 's house if he could keep clear of it , and believed that Jane would probably kill her husband . | [
"Relations between John and his father do not seem to have been amicable ; according to a statement made by John Singleton , in which he referred to Sir John as his `` old Master '' , Sir John refused even to pass his son 's house if he could avoid it , and believed that Jane would probably kill her husband ."
] | [
"And Harry , therefore , did have to reach a point where he did almost break down , and say he did n't want to play anymore , he did n't want to be the hero anymore â `` and heâ d lost too much ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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In early 1612 , the year of the trials , each justice of the peace ( JP ) in Lancashire was ordered to make a list of the recusants in their areaâ '' those who refused to attend the services of the Church of England , which was a criminal offence at that time . | [
"In early 1612 , the year of the trials , each justice of the peace ( JP ) in Lancashire was ordered to compile a list of the recusants in their areaâ '' those who refused to attend the services of the Church of England , a criminal offence at that time ."
] | [
"Arabella Fermor and her suitor , Lord Petre , were both from aristocratic recusant Catholic families at a period in England when under such laws as the Test Act , all denominations except Anglicanism suffered legal restrictions and penalties ( for example Petre could not take up his place in the House of Lords as ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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Since the death of Queen Mary and the coming to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558 , Catholic priests had been forced to hide , but in remote areas like Lancashire they were still able to celebrate mass in secret . | [
"Since the death of Queen Mary and the accession to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558 , Catholic priests had been forced into hiding , but in remote areas like Lancashire they continued to celebrate mass in secret ."
] | [
"Arabella Fermor and her suitor , Lord Petre , were both from aristocratic recusant Catholic families at a period in England when under such laws as the Test Act , all denominations except Anglicanism suffered legal restrictions and penalties ( for example Petre could not take up his place in the House of Lords as ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
First , Thomas Potts , the clerk to the court , wrote about it in his The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster . Secondly , the number of people found guilty and hanged was high , ten at Lancaster and another at York . | [
"The trials were unusual for England at that time in two respects : Thomas Potts , the clerk to the court , published the proceedings in his The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster ; and the number of the accused found guilty and hanged was unusually high , ten at Lancaster and another at Y... | [
"James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
The case against the three women collapsed `` spectacularly '' when the main witness , Grace Sowerbutts , was shown by the trial judge to be `` the perjuring tool of a Catholic priest '' . | [
"The case against the three women collapsed `` spectacularly '' when the chief prosecution witness , Grace Sowerbutts , was exposed by the trial judge to be `` the perjuring tool of a Catholic priest '' ."
] | [
"An enquiry was held but no attempt was made to arrest Donald Traill , master of Neptune and described as a demented sadist , or bring a public prosecution against him , the other masters , or the firm of contractors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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} |
The trial of the Samlesbury witches is perhaps one clear example of that trend ; it has been described as `` largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda '' , . A trial would show that Lancashire , a wild and lawless area , was being cleared not only of witches but also of `` popish plotters '' , that is , Catholics . | [
"The trial of the Samlesbury witches is perhaps one clear example of that trend ; it has been described as `` largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda '' , and even as a show-trial , to demonstrate that Lancashire , considered at that time to be a wild and lawless region , was being purged not only of witches bu... | [
"On Arundel 's advice , Henry passed the De heretico comburendo and was thus the first English king to allow the burning of heretics , mainly to suppress the Lollard movement ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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James was , did not believe some of the evidence presented in witch trials , he even personally showed discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches . | [
"James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches ."
] | [
"His 1597 book , Daemonologie , instructed his followers that they must denounce and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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As a result , eight individuals were sent to trial , including Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley . They were said to have used witchcraft on Grace Sowerbutts , Jennet 's grand-daughter and Ellen 's niece . | [
"As a result , eight individuals were committed to Lancaster Assizes , three of whom - Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley - were accused of practising witchcraft on Grace Sowerbutts , Jennet 's grand-daughter and Ellen 's niece ."
] | [
"According to Grace , her relatives had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife , from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Along with her mother Elizabeth and her brother James , Alizon had to appear before local magistrate Roger Nowell on 30 March 1612 . | [
"Along with her mother Elizabeth and her brother James , Alizon was summoned to appear before local magistrate Roger Nowell on 30 March 1612 ."
] | [
"Potts was instructed to write his account by the trial judges , and had completed the work by 16 November 1612 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
By the early 1590s , he was convinced that Scottish witches plotted against him . | [
"By the early 1590s , he was convinced that Scottish witches were plotting against him ."
] | [
"Since the death of Queen Mary and the accession to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558 , Catholic priests had been forced into hiding , but in remote areas like Lancashire they continued to celebrate mass in secret ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about History:"
} |
His 1597 book , Daemonologie , he told his followers that they must report and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft . | [
"His 1597 book , Daemonologie , instructed his followers that they must denounce and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft ."
] | [
"James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Potts devotes several pages to a fairly detailed criticism of the evidence presented in Grace Sowerbutts ' statement , giving an insight into the discrepancies which existed during the early 17th century between the Protestant establishment 's view of witchcraft and the beliefs of the common people , who may have been ... | [
"Potts devotes several pages to a fairly detailed criticism of the evidence presented in Grace Sowerbutts ' statement , giving an insight into the discrepancies that existed during the early 17th century between the Protestant establishment 's view of witchcraft and the beliefs of the common people , who may have b... | [
"James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Grace said the women had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife , from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood . | [
"According to Grace , her relatives had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife , from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood ."
] | [
"In her statement she claimed that both her grandmother and aunt , Jennet and Ellen Bierley , were able to transform themselves into dogs and that they had `` haunted and vexed her '' for years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
King James I , came to the English throne in 1603 . | [
"King James I , who came to the English throne from Scotland in 1603 , had a keen interest in witchcraft ."
] | [
"Henry Benedict Maria Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart was born in exile at Rome on 6 March 1725 and baptized on the same day by Pope Benedict XIII , 37 years after his grandfather James II and VII lost the throne , and ten years after his father 's failed attempt to regain it ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about History:"
} |
Bromley revised and corrected the manuscript before its publication in 1613 , and said it was `` truly reported '' and `` fit and worthie to be published '' . | [
"Bromley revised and corrected the manuscript before its publication in 1613 , declaring it to be `` truly reported '' and `` fit and worthie to be published '' ."
] | [
"The main purpose was for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
She also said that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair . They had also tried to make her drown herself . | [
"She further alleged that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair , and on another occasion had tried to persuade her to drown herself ."
] | [
"He was caught the next day , but while on the run he had killed the horse and cut his brand out of the hide , thus destroying the evidence ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Jane Southworth ( born Jane Sherburne ) and John were married in about 1598 , and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall . | [
"Jane Southworth ( nà e Sherburne ) and John were married in about 1598 , and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall ."
] | [
"Daniel Webster 's great-great-grandfather was Thomas Webster ( 1631 â `` 1715 ) , who was born in Ormesby St. Margaret , Norfolk , England and settled in New Hampshire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Before the trial , Bromley ordered the release of five of the eight defendants from Samlesbury , with a warning about their future conduct . | [
"Before the trial began , Bromley ordered the release of five of the eight defendants from Samlesbury , with a warning about their future conduct ."
] | [
"According to the court records , Reverend Praetorius was so upset about the torture of the accused woman that he pressed for a stop in the trial against the last surviving woman ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Grace said the child died the next night and after its burial at Samlesbury Church , Ellen and Jennet dug up the body and took it home . The women then cooked and ate some of it and used the rest to make an ointment that let them change themselves into other shapes . | [
"Grace claimed that the child died the following night , and that after its burial at Samlesbury Church Ellen and Jennet dug up the body and took it home , where they cooked and ate some of it and used the rest to make an ointment that enabled them to change themselves into other shapes ."
] | [
"She further alleged that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair , and on another occasion had tried to persuade her to drown herself ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
About 13,544 people live there ( 2005 ) and its area is 187 km . | [
"Its population is 13,544 ( 2005 ) and its area is 187 km ."
] | [
"Suburban area is 99.69 square kilometers , suburban population is 35,823 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about statistics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about statistics:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
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