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Babcock needed assistance with a large Rockefeller-funded project on the genetics and evolution of plants from the genus Crepis . | [
"Babcock needed assistance with a large Rockefeller-funded project characterizing the genetics and evolutionary processes of plants from the genus Crepis and was interested in developing Crepis into a model plant , to enable genetic investigations similar to those possible in the model insect Drosophila melanogaste... | [
"These reviews were highly influential and provided a basis for others to study the role of polyploidy in evolution ."
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Stebbins directed his research towards evolution . | [
"With the encouragement of this group of scientists , Stebbins directed his research towards evolution ."
] | [
"In 1972 , Phelps published a new book which focused on the derivation of policy implications of his new theory ."
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As such , polyploids played a conservative role in evolution since problems with fertility prevented the replication of new genetic material that might lead to a new line of evolution . | [
"As such , polyploids played a conservative role in evolution since problems with fertility prevented the acquisition and replication of new genetic material that might lead to a new line of evolution ."
] | [
"According to the theory , the enhanced fitness of relatives can at times more than compensate for the fitness loss incurred by the individuals displaying the behavior ."
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It helped form the modern evolutionary synthesis , and still provides the framework for research in plant evolutionary biology . According to Ernst Mayr , `` Few later works dealing with the evolutionary systematics of plants have not been very deeply affected by Stebbins ' work '' . | [
"It is regarded as one of the main publications which formed the core of the modern evolutionary synthesis and still provides the conceptual framework for research in plant evolutionary biology ; according to Ernst Mayr , `` Few later works dealing with the evolutionary systematics of plants have not been very deep... | [
"In the course of his examination of the animal world , Buffon noted that despite similar environments , different regions have distinct plants and animals , a concept later known as Buffon 's Law , widely considered the first principle of biogeography ."
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Stebbins taught a course on evolution . During his preparation he became excited by research combining genetics and evolution . | [
"Stebbins was required to teach a course on evolution , and during his preparation he became excited by contemporary research combining genetics and evolution ."
] | [
"He studied cell division and pollination , but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics ."
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These reviews were highly influential and helped others study the role of polyploidy in evolution . | [
"These reviews were highly influential and provided a basis for others to study the role of polyploidy in evolution ."
] | [
"Current researchers find regulatory events at every conceivable level of the processes that express genetic information ."
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He produced an artificial autotetraploid grass from the diploid species Ehrharta erecta by treatment with the chromosome doubling agent colchicine . | [
"He produced an artificial autotetraploid grass from the diploid species Ehrharta erecta through treatment with the chromosome doubling agent colchicine ."
] | [
"No haploid spores capable of dividing are produced , so neither is a haploid gametophyte ."
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He was able to establish the plant in the field , and after 39 years of field trials found that the tetraploid was not as successful as its diploid parent in an unchanging environment . | [
"He was able to establish the plant in the field , and after 39 years of field trials was able to show that the autopolyploid was not as successful as its diploid parent in an unchanging environment ."
] | [
"Conversely , an annual grown under extremely favorable conditions may have highly successful seed propagation , giving it the appearance of being biennial or perennial ."
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George Ledyard Stebbins , Jr ( 6 January 1906 â `` 19 January 2000 ) was an American botanist and geneticist who was one of the leading evolutionary biologists of the 20th century . | [
"George Ledyard Stebbins , Jr. ( January 6 , 1906 â `` January 19 , 2000 ) was an American botanist and geneticist who is widely regarded as one of the leading evolutionary biologists of the 20th century ."
] | [
"Ernst Walter Mayr ( July 5 , 1904 -- February 3 , 2005 ) was one of the 20th century 's leading evolutionary biologists ."
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Crepis commonly hybridized , displayed polyploidy , and could make seed without fertilization ( a process known as apomixis ) . | [
"Like the genera that Stebbins had previously studied , Crepis commonly hybridized , displayed polyploidy ( chromosome doubling ) , and could make seed without fertilization ( a process known as apomixis ) ."
] | [
"Stebbins 's review , `` The significance of polyploidy in plant evolution '' , published in American Naturalist in 1940 , demonstrated how work done on artificial polyploids and natural polyploid complexes had shown that polyploidy was important in developing large , complex , and widespread genera ."
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Stebbins received his PhD in botany from Harvard University in 1931 . | [
"Stebbins received his Ph. D. in botany from Harvard University in 1931 ."
] | [
"James Mello completed his Ph. D. in paleontology from Yale University in 1962 ."
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This work continued with the 1947 paper Types of polyploids : their classification and significance , which described Stebbins ' ideas about the role of paleopolyploidy in angiosperm evolution . He argued that chromosome number may be a useful tool for the construction of phylogenies . | [
"This work continued with the 1947 paper `` Types of polyploids : their classification and significance '' , which detailed a system for the classification of polyploids and described Stebbins ' ideas about the role of paleopolyploidy in angiosperm evolution , where he argued that chromosome number may be a useful ... | [
"In many ways , the evolution of the brown algae parallels that of the green algae and red algae , as all three groups possess complex multicellular species with an alternation of generations . Analysis of 5S rRNA sequences reveals much smaller evolutionary distances among genera of the brown algae than among gener... | SimpleWiki | {
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By looking at the history of polyploidy in plant families , he argued that polyploidy was only common in herbaceous perennials , but infrequent in woody plants and annuals . | [
"However , by looking at the history of polyploidy in plant families , he argued that polyploidy was only common in herbaceous perennials and infrequent in woody plants and annuals ."
] | [
"In many ways , the evolution of the brown algae parallels that of the green algae and red algae , as all three groups possess complex multicellular species with an alternation of generations . Analysis of 5S rRNA sequences reveals much smaller evolutionary distances among genera of the brown algae than among gener... | SimpleWiki | {
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Stebbins was elected to the National Academy of Science , was awarded the National Medal of Science . He was involved in the development of evolution-based science programs for California high schools , as well as the conservation of rare plants in that state . | [
"He was elected to the National Academy of Science , was awarded the National Medal of Science , and was involved in the development of evolution-based science programs for California high schools , as well as the conservation of rare plants in that state ."
] | [
"It was not until the 1970s and 1980s , however , that a significant number of universities had departments that specifically included the term evolutionary biology in their titles ."
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Stebbins 's review , The significance of polyploidy in plant evolution , showed how polyploidy was important in developing large , complex , and widespread genera . | [
"Stebbins 's review , `` The significance of polyploidy in plant evolution '' , published in American Naturalist in 1940 , demonstrated how work done on artificial polyploids and natural polyploid complexes had shown that polyploidy was important in developing large , complex , and widespread genera ."
] | [
"Possibly as a result of this unique property , the spira mirabilis has evolved in nature , appearing in certain growing forms such as nautilus shells and sunflower heads ."
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Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rh à ne is a commune of 8,524 people ( 2007 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C à te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh à ne department in the south of France . | [
"Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rh à ne is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh à ne department in southern France ."
] | [
"Allauch ( Alaug in Occitan ; ) is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rh à ne in the Provence-Alpes-C à te d'Azur region of France ."
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Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County , Mississippi , USA , about 2 miles east of Biloxi . | [
"Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County , Mississippi , United States , about 2 m east of Biloxi ."
] | [
"Gautier is a city in Jackson County , Mississippi , United States , along the Gulf of Mexico west of Pascagoula ."
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The campuses of Rutgers are located in New Brunswick , Piscataway , Newark and Camden . | [
"The three campuses of Rutgers are in ( 1 ) New Brunswick and Piscataway , ( 2 ) Newark and ( 3 ) Camden ."
] | [
"The Bergen County Academies ( sometimes referred to as Bergen Academy or BCA ) is a magnet public high school located in Hackensack that serves the high school population of Bergen County , New Jersey ."
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Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey ( also known as Rutgers University ) , is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey . It was originally chartered as Queen 's College in 1766 and is the eighth-oldest college in the United States . | [
"Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey is a colonial chartered college ( 1766 ) , a land-grant institution ( 1864 ) , and a state university ( 1945\\/1956 ) ."
] | [
"The University of Michigan College of Literature , Science , and the Arts ( LS&A or LSA ) is the liberal arts and sciences unit of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor ."
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Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey ( also known as Rutgers University ) , is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey . | [
"Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey ( usually referred to as Rutgers University or just Rutgers , Ë rÊ tÉ É rz ) , is the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey ."
] | [
"The University of Texas at San Antonio ( also referred to as UTSA ) is a state university located in San Antonio , Texas , United States ."
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Long Island is a large island in New York . | [
"Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York , United States , just east of Manhattan ."
] | [
"Hell 's Neck is a small town in Ohio County , Kentucky ."
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The term `` Long Island '' often refers only to the mostly suburban counties of Nassau and Suffolk because Brooklyn and Queens are part of New York City . | [
"Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean , Long Island contains four counties , two of which are boroughs ( Queens and Brooklyn ) of New York City , and two of which ( Nassau and Suffolk ) are mainly suburban or rural . In popular usage , the term `` Long Island '' generally refers only to Nassau and Suffolk c... | [
"( Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States , followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County , Maryland . ) The county courthouse and county administration are usually located in the county seat , but some functions may also be condu... | SimpleWiki | {
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The island has four counties : Queens and Brooklyn in the west are boroughs of New York City , Nassau County is in the central area , and Suffolk County in the east . | [
"The westernmost end of Long Island contains the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn ( Kings County ) and Queens ( Queens County ) . The central and eastern portions contain the suburban Nassau and Suffolk counties ."
] | [
"Arlington is a community ( and census-designated place ) in Dutchess County , New York , United States ."
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The island has four counties : Queens and Brooklyn in the west are boroughs of New York City , Nassau County is in the central area , and Suffolk County in the east . To the north is Long Island Sound and to the south is the Atlantic Ocean . | [
"Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean , Long Island contains four counties , two of which are boroughs ( Queens and Brooklyn ) of New York City , and two of which ( Nassau and Suffolk ) are mainly suburban or rural ."
] | [
"The peninsula is almost 180 by 60 miles ( 300 by 100 km ) , and is bordered by the Chesapeake Bay on the west , and the Delaware River , Delaware Bay , and Atlantic Ocean on the east ."
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The 2000 census counted 7,448,618 , people living on Long Island , making it the most populated island in all of the United States , and more populated than Ireland and Jamaica . | [
"As of the 2000 census , Long Island had a population of 7,448,618 , making it the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory ."
] | [
"It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants , making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany 's sixteen states ."
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CSI : Crime Scene Investigation debuted on October 6 , 2000 on CBS . | [
"CSI : Crime Scene Investigation ( also known as CSI : Las Vegas ) is an American crime drama television series , which premiered on CBS on October 6 , 2000 ."
] | [
"The show began filming on March 13 , 2000 and ended on April 20 , 2000 ."
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CSI : Crime Scene Investigation is an American-Canadian crime drama television series that was created by Anthony E. Zuiker . CSI : Crime Scene Investigation debuted on October 6 , 2000 on CBS . | [
"Seasonal rankings ( based on average total viewers per episode ) of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation on CBS ."
] | [
"Vengeance ( 2005 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on June 26 , 2005 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas , Nevada ."
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Filming for the show take 's place in Universal City , California . | [
"It is filmed primarily at Universal Studios in Universal City , California ."
] | [
"in 2003 ) hosted by Todd Newton premiered on Game Show Network ."
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In contrast to physical constants , mathematical constants do not come from physical measurements . | [
"Unlike physical constants , mathematical constants are defined independently of physical measurements , for example the fine-structure constant , even though dimensionless , is not a mathematical constant as it can not currently be mathematically derived . Some mathematical constants , such as e and Ï , arise in m... | [
"Planck units are only one system of natural units among other systems , but are considered unique in that these units are not based on properties of any prototype object , or particle ( that would be arbitrarily chosen ) but are based only on properties of free space ."
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The 2010 Pakistan floods began in late July 2010 , resulting from heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Sindh , Pakistani Punjab and Balochistan regions of Pakistan and affected the Indus River basin . | [
"The 2010 Pakistan floods began in late July 2010 , resulting from heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Sindh , Punjab and Balochistan regions of Pakistan and affected the Indus River basin ."
] | [
"The district is bounded by Muzaffarabad District to the north , Poonch district to the south , and Poonch District of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir to the east ; it is bounded by the Punjab , Rawalpindi District and Abbottabad District of Pakistan 's North-West Frontier Province to the west ."
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Moulins , Aisne is a commune . | [
"Moulins is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Saint - Ã tienne-du-Bois is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
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Saint-Cyr-sur-Menthon is a commune . | [
"Saint-Cyr-sur-Menthon is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Cruzilles-l à s-M à pillat is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
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There are 5,000 breeding pairs of gannets on Sula Sgeir , which they share with other bird species such as Black-legged Kittiwakes , guillemots , puffins and fulmars . | [
"There are some 5,000 breeding pairs of gannets on Sula Sgeir , which they share with other bird species such as Black-legged Kittiwakes , guillemots , puffins , fulmars and at present what is believed to be the only resident albatross in the North Atlantic ."
] | [
"Ships in the passage are often good platforms for the sighting of whales , dolphins and plentiful seabirds including giant petrels , other petrels , albatrosses and penguins ."
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Safety EP was the first public release by English band Coldplay . | [
"Safety was the first public release by English band Coldplay ."
] | [
"Discovering the Waterfront is the second full-length album released by the band Silverstein ."
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Ralph Macchio ( born November 4 , 1961 in Huntington , New York ) is an American actor . He is most notable for his roles in My Cousin Vinny , The Karate Kid , and The Karate Kid II . | [
"Ralph George Macchio ( Ë mÉ ` Ë tÊ i. oÊ ) ( born November 4 , 1961 ) is an American actor , best known for his roles as Daniel LaRusso in the Karate Kid series , Billy Gambini in My Cousin Vinny , and Johnny Cade in The Outsiders ."
] | [
"Peter Abbay ( born Peter Martin Jewitt ; May 3 , 1966 ) is an American actor who has appeared on several TV shows , such as House , Punk 'd , and Another World ."
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Mont-d ` Origny is a commune . | [
"Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Sallaumines is a commune of northern France ."
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His orchestral works from this period include four symphonies , a set of Symphonic Variations in E minor , the Overture to an Unwritten Tragedy ( 1893 ) and the Elegy for Brahms ( 1897 ) . | [
"These include five symphonies , a set of Symphonic Variations in E minor , the Overture to an Unwritten Tragedy ( 1893 ) and the Elegy for Brahms ( 1897 ) ."
] | [
"Sofia Gubaidulina used the Royal Theme of the Musical Offering in her violin concerto Offertorium ( 1980 ) ."
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During the last decade of his life he wrote some of his best works , including the Symphonic Fantasia ' 1912 ( also called Symphony No. 5 ) , the Ode on the Nativity ( 1912 ) , Jerusalem ( 1916 ) and the Songs of Farewell which includes the song â My Soul , there is a Countryâ . | [
"Parry resigned his Oxford appointment on doctor 's advice in 1908 and in the last decade of his life produced some of his best-known works , including the Symphonic Fantasia ' 1912 ( also called Symphony No. 5 ) , the Ode on the Nativity ( 1912 ) , Jerusalem ( 1916 ) and the Songs of Farewell ( 1916 -- 1918 ) ."
] | [
"Russian composer CÃ sar Cui , who was raised Roman Catholic , set the text at least three times : as the `` Ave Maria '' , op ."
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Doric order was one of the three orders of architecture in Ancient Greece ; the other two orders were Corinthian and Ionic . | [
"The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of ancient Greek or classical architecture ; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian ."
] | [
"Around 500 BC , they ceased to be used for the decoration of monumental buildings , but were still shown on antefixes of smaller structures throughout the next century ."
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There are seven different types of Aà aà palms . | [
"Aà aà pickers climb the palms and use machetes to cut off branches full of aà aà berries ."
] | [
"It has been previously placed in the rare A and Ld classes ."
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The Aà aà palm ( Assai palm ) is a type of palm tree . | [
"The aà aà palm ( Euterpe oleracea ) is a species of palm tree in the genus Euterpe cultivated for their fruit and superior hearts of palm ."
] | [
"The term Grains of Selim refers to the seeds of a shrubby tree , Xylopia aethiopica , found in Africa ."
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The Aà aà palm ( Assai palm ) is a type of palm tree . There are seven different types of Aà aà palms . | [
"Although most aà aà is grown conventionally , in 2003 USDA Organic certification was established for the aà aà palm and later implemented fair trade certification ."
] | [
"Historically , it has been known to attain heights over 100 m and is one of the tallest tree species in the world ."
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He is older brother famous naturalist David Attenborough . | [
"He is the older brother of naturalist and wildlife filmmaker Sir David Attenborough ."
] | [
"It was here that they also met American Rich Fulcher , who became Bob Fossil ."
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Richard Attenborough ( born 29 August 1923 ) is an English movie producer , director and actor . | [
"Richard Samuel Attenborough , Baron Attenborough ( pronounced \\/ Ë Ã tÉ nbÉ rÉ \\/ ) , CBE ( born 29 August 1923 ) is a British actor , director , producer and entrepreneur ."
] | [
"John Simm ( born 10 July 1970 ) is an English stage and screen actor ."
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2003 ( MMIII ) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar . | [
"2003 ( MMIII ) was a common year that started on a Wednesday , according to the Gregorian calendar ."
] | [
"2016 ( MMXVI ) will be a leap year starting on a Friday in the Gregorian calendar ."
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There had been an Indian settlement there before the Spanish , but the modern city was founded as Leal Villa de Santiago de Managua in 1811 . | [
"Founded in 1819 , the city was given the name : Leal Villa de Santiago de Managua ."
] | [
"The Spanish began the first of several attempts to conquer the island in 1629 , but did not succeed until 1697 under an expedition led by Martà n de Ursà a attacked via boats and destroyed it ."
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The city is located at the shore of Lake Managua . | [
"The German government funded the construction of a water treatment plant with plans to process the city 's sewage and clean the Managua lake . Also pending is a mega-project to reconstruct the old center of Managua , and to introduce a monorail system , to alleviate future transportation problems in Managua ."
] | [
"It is a fishing port located on the gulf of the same name ."
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Managua has been the capital city of Nicaragua since 1855 . | [
"Managua is the capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name ."
] | [
"The Distrito Nacional was created in 1936 . Prior to this , the Distrito National was the old Santo Domingo Province , in existence since the country 's independence in 1844 ."
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The city is located at the shore of Lake Managua . Many people who live in Managua are White or Mestizo . | [
"There are four main highways that lead into Managua ."
] | [
"Today the peninsula has a population of only about 18,000 , of which a large percentage ( ~ 60 % ) are Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders ."
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This makes it one of the biggest cities of Central America ( after Guatemala City ) . The city is located at the shore of Lake Managua . | [
"Managua is the second most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City ."
] | [
"Sandy beaches are found on both coasts also , and despite a large potential for tourism , the province has seen little development in that area with the exception of Santa Lucà a beach , on the province 's North coast ."
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Before 1855 , Leà n and Granada were the capital cities . | [
"Prior to its inception as the capital city , the title had alternated between the cities of Leà n and Granada ."
] | [
"From the structures of Noh Petà n , were constructed the Roman Catholic Church and municipal buildings in the city of Flores ."
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Each element of the domain will be associated with one element of the codomain . | [
"In each of these ordered pairs ( a , b ) , the first element a is from the domain , the second element b is from the codomain , and every element in the domain is the first element in exactly one ordered pair ."
] | [
"Depending on the value of the parameter , one of the following banners will be displayed below the name ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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A function that acts on the sets and and that associates A with 1 , B with 2 , and C with 3 is an example of a non-elementary function . | [
"An example of a function with domain and codomain associates A with 1 , B with 2 , and C with 3 ."
] | [
"where ( also written as ) denotes the length ( magnitude ) of . More generally , if is another vector"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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In this case , f ( 5 ) = 10 . | [
"In this case , it is written that f ( 5 ) = 10 ."
] | [
"Similarly , in a dimension 3 , the dot product of vectors ( a , b , c ) and ( d , e , f ) is ad + be + cf ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
While elementary functions may act on numbers , functions can also be maps . They may act on algebraic structures like groups , or geometric ones such as manifolds . | [
"In addition to elementary functions on numbers , functions include maps between algebraic structures like groups and maps between geometric objects like manifolds ."
] | [
"The magnitude of a mathematical object is its size : a property by which it can be compared as larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind ; in technical terms , an ordering ( or ranking ) of the class of objects to which it belongs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Even though the underlying structures are sets , mathematicians talk about domain and codomain of a function . Each element of the domain will be associated with one element of the codomain . | [
"Functions need not act on numbers : the domain and codomain of a function may be arbitrary sets ."
] | [
"The dimension of a vector space is the number of vectors in any basis for the space , i.e. the number of coordinates necessary to specify any vector . This notion of dimension ( the cardinality of a basis ) is often referred to as the Hamel dimension or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other notions of d... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
An example of an elementary function that acts on the real numbers as both the domain and the codomain could be f ( x ) = 2x . Every real number will be assigned a real number that is twice as big . | [
"An example of a function with the real numbers as both its domain and codomain is the function f ( x ) = 2x , which assigns to every real number the real number with twice its value ."
] | [
"The logarithm of the ratio is the difference of the two . Moreover , the logarithm of the power ( root , respectively ) of a number is p times the logarithm of that number ( logarithm of that number divided by p , respectively ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Aritatsu Ogi ( born 10 December 1942 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Aritatsu Ogi ( born December 10 , 1942 in Hiroshima , Japan ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Kim Do-Keun ( born 2 March 1972 ) is a South Korean football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sports:"
} |
A fishing lure is an object used to catch fish . It is tied to the end of a fishing line . | [
"A fishing lure is an object attached to the end of a fishing line which is designed to resemble and move like the prey of a fish ."
] | [
"A permanent anchor is used in the creation of a mooring , and is rarely moved ; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain it ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
They can be made of wood , plastic , rubber , metal , cork , feathers , animal hair , and other things . | [
"These fishing lures can be made of wood , plastic , rubber , metal , cork , and materials like feathers , animal hair , string , tinsel and others ."
] | [
"There are also chopping boards made of glass , steel , marble or corian , which are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones , but tend to damage knives ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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They are usually used with a fishing rod . | [
"Lures are usually used with a fishing rod and fishing reel ."
] | [
"These are alike , except for the color of the seed ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Lures have fishing hooks . | [
"Before this time most fishing lures were made by individual craftsman ."
] | [
"The first component features tiny hooks ; the second features even smaller and `` hairier '' loops ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Matt Busby is a former football player . | [
"During the 1930 â `` 31 season , City manager Peter Hodge decided that Busby 's talents could be better exploited from the half-back line , with Busby playing the right-half role . In his new position , Busby built up a reputation as an intelligent player and a finer passer of the ball ."
] | [
"Toru Sano is a former Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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} |
Sapignies is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Sapignies is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Geography:"
} |
Kazuki Hiramoto ( born 18 August 1981 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Tokyo Verdy . | [
"Kazuki Hiramoto is a Japanese footballer who plays for Tokyo Verdy ."
] | [
"Hyun Young-Min ( born 25 December 1979 ) is a South Korean football player who currently plays for FC Seoul ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Salmsach is a municipality of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland . | [
"Salmsach is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Hefenhofen is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Henry III of France ( September 19 , 1551 â `` August 2 , 1589 ) was a King of France and a member of the House of Valois . | [
"Henry III ( 19 September 1551 â `` 2 August 1589 , born Alexandre à douard de France , , ) was King of France from 1574 to 1589 ."
] | [
"The story is based on conflicts in the life of Carlos , Prince of Asturias ( 1545 â `` 1568 ) after his betrothed Elisabeth of Valois was married instead to his father Philip II of Spain as part of the peace treaty ending the Italian War of 1551-1559 between the Houses of Habsburg and Valois ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Sheldon is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Sheldon High School also hosts the Sheldon High School Summer Theatre program . Sheldon is the home of Northwest Iowa Community College and Village Northwest Unlimited ."
] | [
"Magnolia is a city in Harrison County , Iowa in the United States of America ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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Herlincourt is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Herlincourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Pernes ( or Pernes-en-Artois ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
Fairfax is an independent city of Virginia in the United States . | [
"The City of Fairfax is an independent city forming an enclave within the confines of Fairfax County , in the Commonwealth of Virginia ."
] | [
"Dillwyn is an incorporated town in Buckingham County , Virginia , in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
An ink cartridge is a small container that contains ink . | [
"An ink cartridge or inkjet cartridge is a replaceable component of an inkjet printer that contains the ink ( and sometimes the print head itself ) that is spread on paper during printing ."
] | [
"Only the membrane and the compressor box come in contact with the gas being compressed ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Socorro is a city in Socorro County and a county seat of the same county in the U.S. state of New Mexico . About 8,900 people lived in Socorro as of the year 2002 . | [
"The mission of San Miguel de Socorro was established soon after Socorro was resettled ."
] | [
"Middleburg is a town in Loudoun County , Virginia , United States with a population of approximately 976 as of July 2010 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Socorro is a city in Socorro County and a county seat of the same county in the U.S. state of New Mexico . | [
"Socorro is a city in Socorro County in the U.S. state of New Mexico ."
] | [
"Tucumcari is a city in and the county seat of Quay County , New Mexico , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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It travels about 1,075 kilometers , almost 40 % of its length , through Romania . | [
"After entering the country in the southwest at Bazias , the Danube travels some 1,075 kilometers ( almost 40 % of its entire length ) through or along Romanian territory , forming the southern frontier with Serbia and Bulgaria ."
] | [
"It is 250 k long , approximately 4 k wide and is the most heavily militarized border in the world ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Romania is found in the southeastern part of Europe , where it borders the Black Sea and the Danube . The Carpathian mountains lie in the center . | [
"Southeastern Europe , bordering the Black Sea and Danube , with the Carpathian mountains in its center ."
] | [
"The Zakarpattia Oblast has a total area of 12800 k and is located in the Carpathian Mountains region of western Ukraine ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Felipe Andres Coronel ( born February 19 , 1978 in Lima , Peru ) is an Peruvian-American rapper better known by his stage name , Immortal Technique . | [
"Felipe Andres Coronel ( born February 19 , 1978 ) , better known by the stage name Immortal Technique , is an American rapper of Afro-Peruvian descent as well as an urban activist . He was born in Lima , Peru and raised in Harlem , New York ."
] | [
"Denisse Lillian Laval Soza ( born January 19 , 1977 in Chile ) , better known by her stage name Nicole , is a Chilean singer , based in Santiago and Miami ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Andersen 's mother was not happy with this and sent him to be a weaver 's apprentice , and later to work at a tobacco factory then with a tailor . | [
"He worked as a weaver 's apprentice and , later , for a tailor ."
] | [
"Vernon , the son of a publican , was raised in Norwich , England initially training to become a civil engineer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
When he was 14 he went to Copenhagen so that he could become an actor . | [
"At 14 , he moved to Copenhagen to seek employment as an actor ."
] | [
"When he was 3 years old , his mother died , forcing his father to send him and his brother Carl to an orphanage , as Benny 's father could not take care of them ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
At first he sang with the Royal Danish Theatre , but his voice soon broke . | [
"Having an excellent soprano voice , he was accepted into the Royal Danish Theatre , but his voice soon changed ."
] | [
"Giulini 's time with the orchestra was well regarded , however , he resigned the position after his wife became ill , and returned to Italy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Derby is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Derby is a city in Lucas County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Granger is a city in the state of Washington . | [
"Granger was founded in 1902 and named after Walter Granger , superintendent of the Washington Irrigation Company who also laid out the cities of Zillah and Sunnyside . Granger was officially incorporated on September 28 , 1909 ."
] | [
"Bancroft is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
The Schulze method is a way of voting that is used to fill a single vacant position in an election . It was developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze . | [
"The Schulze method is a voting system developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze that selects a single winner using votes that express preferences ."
] | [
"After the 23 May announcement that federal elections will be advanced to September 2005 , Wulff announced that he was not a candidate for the Christian Democrat nomination for Chancellor , particularly as he has not completed his first term as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Voting methods:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Voting methods:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
It is also known as Schwartz Sequential Dropping ( SSD ) , Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping ( CSSD ) , Beatpath Method , Beatpath Winner , Path Voting , and Path Winner . | [
"The Schulze method is also known as Schwartz Sequential Dropping ( SSD ) , Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping ( CSSD ) , the Beatpath Method , Beatpath Winner , Path Voting , and Path Winner ."
] | [
"This technique has been applied to SAFER , IDEA , Skipjack , E2 , Twofish , Camellia , CRYPTON , and even the stream cipher Salsa20 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Bellemeade is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Bellemeade is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Orchard Grass Hills is a city in Oldham County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Vatra Dornei is a city , spa , and resort in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"Vatra Dornei is a city and a spa and ski resort in the north of Romania , in Suceava County ."
] | [
"Stulpicani is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:"
} |
It contains the city proper and three villages : Argestru , RoÅ u and Todireni . | [
"It includes the city proper and three villages : Argestru , RoÅ u and Todireni ."
] | [
"BratovoeÅ ti is a commune in VÃ cents lcea County , Romania with a population of 3,693 people . It has the following constituent villages : BÄ doÅ i , BratovoeÅ ti , Georocu Mare and Prunet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
Tohru comes to live with the mysterious Sohma family . | [
"Tohru 's existence changes the Sohma clan 's lives forever ..."
] | [
"During this time , Naraku wipes out her entire family and village , then , disguised as the new lord , causes Sango to blame Inuyasha and try to kill him ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about anime:"
} |
Tujunga Wash is a major tributary to the Los Angeles River , providing about a fifth of its flow . | [
"Downstream of the dam , Tujunga Wash flows roughly south and is met halfway to its confluence with the Los Angeles River by Pacoima Wash , which drains the other side of the mountains that Little Tujunga Wash drains . Finally , Tujunga Wash meets the Los Angeles River near Studio City , California ."
] | [
"The Russian River , with its mouth at the north end of Goat Rock Beach , is Sonoma County 's largest watercourse both in flow rate and lineal extent ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The wash begins in two forks , Big Tujunga Creek and Little Tujunga Creek . | [
"The upper portion of Big Tujunga Wash is called Tujunga Creek , or Big Tujunga Creek ."
] | [
"The central business district of the city sits in a small valley where two small water coursesâ '' East Creek and West Creekâ '' meet to form Gowrie Creek ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Tujunga Wash is a stream in Los Angeles County , California . | [
"Tujunga Wash is a 13.0 m stream in Los Angeles County , California ."
] | [
"The San Luis Rey River is a river in northern San Diego County , California ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
It flows west to a reservoir called Big Tujunga Reservoir , formed by a dam at its west shore . After exiting the dam , the creek is known as `` Big Tujunga Wash '' . | [
"It travels roughly east to west , and several tributaries from the north and south join it as it flows to Big Tujunga Reservoir , formed by Big Tujunga Dam ."
] | [
"After a river distance of 137.5 m , the mouth of the South Branch lies east of Green Spring in Hampshire County , West Virginia where it meets the North Branch Potomac River to form the Potomac ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Tujunga Wash meets the Los Angeles River near Studio City , California . | [
"Finally , Tujunga Wash meets the Los Angeles River near Studio City , California ."
] | [
"Mulholland Drive runs much of the length of the Santa Monica Mountains , from Cahuenga Pass to Woodland Hills while the Mulholland Highway runs from Woodland Hills to Sequit Point at the Pacific Ocean ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Little Tujunga Creek flows south from a portion of the San Gabriel Mountains north of the Hansen Reservoir . | [
"Little Tujunga Wash comes from the north , draining the portion of the San Gabriel Mountains immediately north of Hansen Reservoir ."
] | [
"Mulholland Drive runs much of the length of the Santa Monica Mountains , from Cahuenga Pass to Woodland Hills while the Mulholland Highway runs from Woodland Hills to Sequit Point at the Pacific Ocean ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Big Tujunga Creek begins in the San Gabriel Mountains . | [
"Tujunga Wash consists of two forks , both beginning in the San Gabriel Mountains ."
] | [
"The river 's headwaters are in the Cleveland National Forest near Palomar Mountain ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Downstream , the Tujunga Wash flows south and halfway to the Los Angeles River , is met by the Pacoima Wash. . | [
"Downstream of the dam , Tujunga Wash flows roughly south and is met halfway to its confluence with the Los Angeles River by Pacoima Wash , which drains the other side of the mountains that Little Tujunga Wash drains ."
] | [
"The central business district of the city sits in a small valley where two small water coursesâ '' East Creek and West Creekâ '' meet to form Gowrie Creek ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Lionel Messi ( born 24 June 1987 ) is an Argentine football player . He plays for Barcelona and the Argentina national team . | [
"Lionel Andràs `` Leo '' Messi ( ; born 24 June 1987 ) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays for FC Barcelona and the Argentina national team as a forward or winger ."
] | [
"Pablo Javier Zabaleta Girod ( born 16 January 1985 ) is an Argentine footballer , currently playing for Manchester City in the English Premier League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sports:"
} |
He also holds Spanish citizenship . So he can play as a EU player . | [
"He also holds Spanish citizenship , which makes him eligible as a EU player ."
] | [
"He has played for the South Korea national team ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Many people say that he is the world 's best contemporary player . Messi received several Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year by the age of 22 . | [
"Considered one of the best football players of his generation and frequently cited as the world 's best contemporary player , Messi received several Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations by the age of 21 and won both by the age of 22 ."
] | [
"Gourcuff is a former winner of the UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year award and , in December 2009 , was named the French Player of the Year for the 2009 calendar year ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
His playing style and ability have similarity to Diego Maradona . And Maradona says Messi is his `` successor '' . | [
"His playing style and ability have drawn comparisons to Diego Maradona , who himself declared Messi his `` successor '' ."
] | [
"Although he still plays for Spain , he currently resides in Latvia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
His breakthrough season was in the 2006 â `` 07 season ; he became a first team regular , scoring a hat-trick in El Clà sico . He scoredf 14 goals in 26 league games . | [
"His breakthrough season was in the 2006 â `` 07 season ; he became a first team regular , scoring a hat-trick in El Clà sico and finishing with 14 goals in 26 league games ."
] | [
"In the 1924 â `` 25 season , he joined the Duluth Hornets , playing 40 games , recording a shutout in 11 of them ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
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